International Seminar on Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development Financial Support for this work:

School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency

WEENTECH National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Royal University of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
Kurukshetra, India-136119 15-17 th June, 2015 Bhutan

Fuzzy Logic Based Adaptive Perturbation & Observation MPPT for Photovoltaic System
Malik Sameeullah1, Dr. Akhilesh Swarup2
World Energy and Environment Technology
Coventry, CV3 1PG, UK; Email: conference@weentech.co.uk

1. Objectives 4. Proposed Fuzzy Logic MPPT Controller

 To study the mathematical model of solar PV module  Fuzzy logic is a most widely used Artificial Intelligence control scheme.
 Explain the concept of Maximum Power Point Tracking  The fuzzification, fuzzy logic inference system and defuzzification are the three
 Study the working methodology of Perturbation and Observation (P&O) MPPT major stages of FLC.
 Design of FLC based adaptive P&O MPPT  A FLC with buck converter used for the MPPT, is shown in Figure 5.
 Results comparison of P&O and FLC MPPT controller  The IF-THAN based rules are used for the automatic control of output linguistic
variable.
2. Solar Photovoltaic Model  The change in current (ΔI) and change in power (ΔP) are the two input of FLC .
 The basic unit of the PV system is PV cell.  A fuzzy logic works on the principle of human behavior and performance can be
 The photovoltaic cell works on the principle of photo effect and converts part of improved by observing the result of past experience.
sun energy into electricity.  Two different sets of Membership Functions (MFs) and set of rules are shown in
 For commercial application, the PV cells are connected in series and parallel Figure 6.
manner and known as PV module.
Rule for Fuzzy Logic Controller
 A PV module is an Irradiance Control current source with lossy diode and series- If ΔP>0 II ΔV>0, than ΔD is either PS, PM or PB
If ΔP>0 II ΔV<0, than ΔD is either NS, NM or NB
shunt resistance in parallel. If ΔP<0 II ΔV>0, than ΔD is either NS, NM or NB
If ΔP<0 II ΔV>0, than ΔD is either PS, PM or PB
𝑉+𝑅𝑠 𝐼 𝑉+𝑅𝑠 𝐼 𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜 +𝐾𝑉 ∆𝑇 Fig. 5 Matlab Simulink model of Solar PV System with Fuzzy Logic MPPT controller
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑃𝑉 − 𝐼𝑜 exp( ) −1 − 𝐼𝑜 = (𝐼𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝐾𝐼 ∆𝑇)/ {exp − 1}
𝑎𝑉𝑡 𝑅𝑝ℎ 𝑉𝑡

where IPV :Photo current, Io :Diode saturation current, a :Ideality factor, k : Boltzman constant, Rs :Series Resistance, Rph :Shunt Resistance, KI
and KV : Temperature coefficient, Iscn :Short circuit current, Vocn :Open circuit voltage, Ns : No. of cells in series
 Three unknowns in PV equation are Rph, Rs and a
 For Si-PV module, the approximate value of a=1.22
 Sometimes, Rph=Inf and Rs =0 is considered
 Iterative methods are used for Rph and Rs calculation Fig. 1 Diode model of PV module

𝑉𝑚𝑚 + 𝐼𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑠
𝑅𝑝 = 𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑚𝑚 + 𝐼𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑠 /(𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝑚𝑚 − 𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝑜 exp + 𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝑜 − 𝑃𝑚,𝑒 )
𝑉𝑡
Pseudo code for the calculation of Rs and Rph
1. Initialize with datasheet values, nimax=10000
2. Set Rs=0
3. Calculate Rph=Rph,min
4. Loop iteration
A. Calculate Rph
B. Solve I=f(V) for (0<V<Voc)
C. Calculate P for (0<V<Voc)
D. Choose the maximum power (Pmth)
E. Find Perror = Pm,e – Pmth
F. If Perror < tol, than go to step 5
G. If n > nimax, than go to step 6
5. Print Rs and Rph and exit
6. Print Rs = 0 and Rph = Rph,min and exit
(Pm,e is the maximum output power at STC) Fig. 2 P-V curve of PV module

3. Concept of MPPT and P&O

 It is a procedure to track Maximum Power Point (MPP) [Notation: N: Negative, P: Positive, ZE: Zero, PS: Positive Small, PM: Positive Medium, PB: Positive Big, S: Small, NS: Negative Small, NM Negative Medium, NB: Negative Big]
Set 1 Set2

under variable atmospheric condition. Fig. 6 Fuzzy membership function (MF) and Fuzzy rules

 For MPPT, it is essential that load line must intersect MPP.

 Generally, load line and MPP line are far apart. 5. Simulation Results and Analysis
 DC-DC convert is used to adjust the apparent load across  Responses of simulation are shown in Figure 7.
the PV array.  From the responses, it is observed that:
Perturbation and Observation (P&O) MPPT
1. Output power for P&O MPPT is oscillating near MPP.
 It is the most commonly used MPPT algorithm.
2. The FLC MPPT (set 1) is able to reduce oscillation.
 It perturbs the output voltage and observe the corresponding change in power.
3. For low Irradiation, the FLC (set 1) is inefficient
 The algorithm and working procedure of P&O are explained in Figure 3 and
4. The modified FLC MPPT (set 2) has a better response.
Figure 4.
 It has some major drawbacks as follows: 5. Speed of FLC MPPT tracking is higher than P&O MPPT
(a) Power tracking speed during rapid change in irradiance
(b) Higher oscillation near MPP
(c) Duty step selection is an issue, which causes slow time response and higher
oscillation loss.

Fig. 3 Algorithm of Perturbation and Observation MPPT Fig. 4 Demonstration of P&O MPPT

Datalogger +

6. Conclusions
A fuzzy logic based MPPT is proposed and implemented. It is concluded that:
 FLC MPPT reduces the oscillation near MPP.
 Overall tracking time of MPPT has been improved by using FLC.
 For accurate result, a proper selection of fuzzy rule and Membership Functions is essential.
 More experience can be gained through experimental work.
Fig 7 Analysis of the MPPT controller response
1: PG Student, School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency, 2: Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Acknowledgement
National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India-136119 The first Author is thankful for receiving the financial support regarding the presentation of this paper, by Advancetech India
Email: malik.sameeullah@gmail.com, a.swarup@ieee.org Pvt. Ltd., Chandigarh.