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Formation Pressure?
Sea Floor
Over Pressure P*
Pressure Tools Operations Applications New Tech
Pressure Units
2 Types of Units:
1) Pressure (psi, MPa, bars, atm)
• Units: Force/(Length2)
15.0 1.797
* fresh water
** salt water
141.5
API = - 131.5
SG @ 60 F
Pressure Tools Operations Applications New Tech
Developed Reservoirs
•Determining movement of fluid contacts
•Identifying pressure depletion
•Estimating permeability
•Recognizing vertical and horizontal barriers
•Individualization of thief zones
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Tool Configurations
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Tester Probes
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Packer Module
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Strain Gauges
Gauge Specifications
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Gauge
Accuracy
Accuracy of the RFT
pressure
measurement depends
on the type of gauge
used to make the
measurement.
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Formation Testers
All these tools can record unlimited number of precise and relatively
accurate pressure measurements in a single run.
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Sands #1
Depth correct
Sands #2
Depth correct
Select
pre-test Sampling
Sands #3
points when
Depth correct
going up
Sands #..
Depth correct
Sands #n
Depth correct
Bottom
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Setting the
Tool
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Setting the
Tool
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Formation
Pressure is
determined
here, after the
pressure is
built back up
from the
drawdown
pressure and
relatively
constant.
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Wireline
Testing
Log
Presentation
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Pressure
Points
Supercharged
Points
Pressure
Samples for Fluid
Contacts
Fluid ID from
Pressure Gradients
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Fluid Typing
Using Pressure
Gradients
PRESSURE DATA
Pressure (psi)
11400 11500 11600 11700 11800 11900 12000 12100 12200 12300 12400
19300
19400
0.5
19450
grad
0.4 19600
0.374
19650
19750
0.3
19800
19850
0.25
19900
These three sands have oil gradient
0.372 psi/ft
similar API gravity oils
19950 because they all have
0.2
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 20000
0.372 psi/ft gradients
Oil Gravity (deg API) (parallel lines), but they
20050
may not be in pressure
Oil API gravity can be calculated from
communication with each
wireline pressure gradients using 20100
Meji-33
pressure plot
Helps identify fluid type and
fluid contacts
Pressure Tools Operations Applications New Tech
Extrapolating
Fluid
Contacts
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11900
Agbami 1
Agbami 1
water) fail to intersect
Agbami 2
Series4
12000
Series6
Series11
12100 Series1
Agbami 2 - Run 3
Series7
12200
12300
Depth (ft TVDSS)
12400
12500
12600
Apparent water
gradient at
12700
13010’ MD - note
12800
unreasonable
intersection of
12900
water gradient
with overlying
13000
HC gradient
13100
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Reservoir
Continuity
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Gradients in
Complex
Producing
Environments
Schematic showing
how different
stratigraphic levels or
reservoirs behave
differently to pressure
depletion as a
result of production;
suggesting that there
are baffles of flow
between them vertically
that let the gradients
differ.
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Pretest Permeability
various sure
(psi) Fm. pressure=k +/-- 1
psi for few minutes
permeability
Time
(seconds)
Time Time
(seconds) (seconds)
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Vertical Permeability
Tool Configuration
Temperature 8000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Pumpouts
MDT Pumpout Temps
all trend
10000
well test samples
12000
13000
14000
15000
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New technology
Fluid Analyzer Module
2004
Schlumberger
2005
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Wireline Tool