Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) FOR

SOLAR PV APPLICATION USING FUZZY

CONTROLLER

Project Report

Submitted by

Sayak Kumar Dutta

Reg. No.: 130906698

Under the guidance of

Vineeth Patil
Type the guide’s designation
Department of EEE

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(A Constituent College of Manipal University)
MANIPAL − 576104, KARNATAKA, INDIA
June 2017
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(A Constituent College of Manipal University)
MANIPAL 576 104 (KARNATAKA), INDIA

Manipal
Date: 13.04.2017

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled MPPT FOR SOLAR PV APPLICATION
USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER is a record of the bonafide work done
by Sayak Kumar Dutta (Reg. No130906698) submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Elec-
trical and Electronics Engineering (E & E Engg) by Manipal Institute of Technology
Manipal, Karnataka (A Constituent College of Manipal University), during the aca-
demic year 2016-17.

Vineeth Patil Head of Department

Assistant Professor-Senior Scale Dept. of E & E Engg
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This section should contain the acknowledgements due to the Project Guide, Dept.
HOD, Director, Faculty members and Laboratory Support Staff whose assistance
was sought during the project work.
Any other person/s who has/have directly or indirectly influenced you positively
to complete the project successfully needs to be thanked in this section

Sayak Kumar Dutta

Reg. No 130906698

Department of E & E Engg

Manipal Institute of Technology
Manipal University
 Abstract

In our present time, the use of fossil fuels have resulted in greenhouse effect,
increase in temperature, increase in pollution, so the need of non-conventional
source of energy comes into picture. A maximum power point tracking system
(mppt) using fuzzy logic controller system is developed to get conventional green
energy by using solar power.

In this project till date a sepic converter along with an MPPT controller using
fuzzy logic system is developed. The designing of mppt, sepic converter is done by
using MATLAB Simulink. The goal is to get a constant voltage which can be fed
to a variable source inverter.
Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Shortcomings in the previous work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 Significance of the possible end result . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 BACKGROUND THEORY 3
2.1 Sepic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 MPPT Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Fuzzy Logic Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 PV Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4.1 Environmental parameters on which solar module output
depends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 METHODOLOGY 6
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Fuzzy Logic Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.1 Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.2 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 Sepic Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.5 Software Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 RESULT ANALYSIS 10
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 Result Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 14

List of Figures

1.1 Final Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1 sepic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2 Perturb and Observation algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Fuzzy Logic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 Shows the IV curves at different T (C) with constant G . . . . . . . 5
2.5 Shows the IV curves at different G with constant T=25r . . . . . . 5

3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 peturb and observation method circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 change in error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.5 duty cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.6 se[pic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.7 when switch is closed current through l1 increases and the capacitor
c1 discharges increasing current in inductor 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.1 sepic output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.2 ripple in sepic output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3 different irradiation and temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.4 final output constant voltage in all temperature and irradiation . . 13

i
List of Tables

ii
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the basic elements in this project. The project we took up was
Solar-based mppt to provide electrical energy for household appliances from conven-
tional sources. So, basic idea was to get maximum power point even in partial shading
condition to make it more efficient

1.1 Background and Motivation

1.1.1 Shortcomings in the previous work

There are various type of mppts in the market but using a fuzzy logic controller
increases the efficiency and so does sepic converter over normal buck or boost converter.

1.1.2 Significance of the possible end result

The proposed model will provide green renewable energy without any pollution.

1.2 Literature Review

Much work has been done earlier in this field. Earlier a converter and a normal mppt
using P O technique was used. Nowadays to increase efficiency a buck boost converter
is used as well as different other techniques like Incremental conductance, Constant
voltage ,Comparison of methods. However all are less efficient than the fuzzy logic
controller used in this project. A Sepic converter is used as it can act both as a buck
as well as a boost converter.

1.3 Objectives
• To get a steady output voltage in diferrent weather condition

• to prevent back flow of current

1
 Figure 1.1: Final Circuit

1.4 Working
The voltage from solar pv panel(which harnesses solar energy and converts to electrical
energy) is sent to a sepic converter and the duty cycle is maintained via mppt and
fuzzy logic controller

1.5 Summary
Nowadays when the amount of fossil fuel is less a need for conventional energy arises.
Solar energy is abundant and free of cost so the use to convert solar energy to electrical
energy rises. Photovoltaic panels are first used to convert solar energy to electrical
energy. The mppt used to convert solar energy to electrical energy at maximum power
point. To convert the voltage to an usable voltage that can be stored in battery a
sepic converter is used. The fuzzy logic controller enhances the mppt.

2
Chapter 2

BACKGROUND THEORY

2.1 Sepic converter

2.1.1 Introduction
By sepic converter input voltage can be converted to a higher or lower voltage as
per required. The key technology that drives a sepic converter is its property of the
inductor to resist any changes in its current. The capacitor and inductors are designed
accordingly to get the required output.

Figure 2.1: sepic converter

3
2.2 MPPT Controller

2.2.1 Introduction
A MPPT, known as maximum power point tracker is a DC to DC converter that is
used the match between the PV solar array and the output voltage that is stored in
a battery.It converts a higher voltage DC output from solar panels down to the lower
voltage needed to charge batteries. The paper proposes a simple MPPT algorithm
called Perturb and Observation algorithm. (k) and I(K) are sensed from pv array.

Figure 2.2: Perturb and Observation algorithm

P(K)=V(K)*I(K). Vref is the reference voltage.

2.3 Fuzzy Logic Controller

This controller is an advanced version which when added to the mppt controller gives
a more constant and reliable voltage. At first error error and change in error is taken

Figure 2.3: Fuzzy Logic System

and then with membership function (0,1) and then defuzzified to get actual value.

2.4 PV Module
A simple solar cell consist of solid state p-n junction fabricated from a semiconductor
material(usually silicon).In dark, the IV characteristic of a solar cell has an exponential
characteristic similar to that of a diode. However when the solar energy (photons) hits
4
on the solar cell, energy greater than the band gap energy of the semiconductor, and
release electrons from the atoms in the semiconductor material, creating electron-hole
pairs

2.4.1 Environmental parameters on which solar module output depends

• Temperature

• Irradiance

Figure 2.4: Shows the IV curves at different T (C) with constant G

Figure 2.5: Shows the IV curves at different G with constant T=25r

5
Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
The methods by which the fuzzy logic system, mppt as well as sepic converter operates
will be shown.

3.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking

Figure 3.1

The mppt used is peturb and observation method.The reference voltage at first
is taken as the voltage corresponding to the maximum power. We take initial Duty
cycle=0.5 then it changes accordingly in reference to change of irradiation and tem-
perature ( i.e finding the maximum power point ). V(k) and I(K) are sensed from
pv array.V(K-1) and I(K-1) is the voltage and current respectively unit time earlier.
P(K)=V(K)*I(K). Vref is the reference voltage and will be considered as the next
v(k). increase and decrease the Vref accordingly to get the maximum power and its
corresponding voltage. [1]

6
 Figure 3.2: peturb and observation method circuit diagram

3.3 Fuzzy Logic Controller

The fuzzy logic controller is an advanced method used with mppt for better constant
output voltage. The membership function used is (0,1) The two FLC input variables
are the error E and change of error CE at sampled times k defined by

E(K) = P (K) − P (k − 1)/V (k) − V (K − 1) (3.1)

Ce(K) = E(K) − E(K − 1) (3.2)

where P (k) is the instant power of the photovoltaic generator. The input E( k ) shows
if the load operation point at the instant k is located on the left or on the right of the
maximum power point on the PV characteristic, while the input CE(k) expresses the
moving direction of this point. The fuzzy inference is carried out by using Madanis
method, [2] and the defuzzification uses the centre of gravity to compute the output
of this FLC which is the duty cycle:

Xn Xn
D=( µ(Di) − D(i))/ µ(Di) (3.3)
i=1 i=1

3.3.1 Input

Figure 3.3: error

7
 Figure 3.4: change in error

3.3.2 Output

Figure 3.5: duty cycle

3.4 Sepic Converter

3.4.1 Introduction

Figure 3.6: se[pic converter

Sepic converter or single-ended primary-inductor converter is a dc to dc converter

which can generate output voltage more or less than the input voltage.[3] It is similar
8
Figure 3.7: when switch is closed current through l1 increases and the capacitor c1
discharges increasing current in inductor 2

to buck boost converter but doesnot have a inverted output. In this project the sepic
converter is used in continuous-conduction mode i.e current through inductor1 never
becomes zero.[4] when s1 is turned on current il1 increases. it becomes a closed loop.
The voltage across capacitor 1 is nearly equal to the voltage of the inductor 2(l2) the
input voltage taken is 307V we take fsw as 2500 we take Vcp=0.2

C1 = (Iout ∗ D)/∗f sw (3.4)

C1 = (8.6 ∗ 0.58)/(0.2 ∗ 25 ∗ 103 ) = 9.976 ∗ 10− 4F (3.5)

Il1 = V 02 /(V in ∗ F ) (3.6)
Il1 = 4302 /(307 ∗ 50) = 12.046 (3.7)
l1 = (vs ∗ d)/(1 ∗ F ) = (307 ∗ 0.58)/(3.614 ∗ 25 ∗ 103 ) = 1.97mH (3.8)
Il2 = V 0/(F ) = 430/50 = 8.6A (3.9)
l2 = V s ∗ D/(1 ∗ F ) = 3mH (3.10)

3.5 Software Implementation

Software implementation is done on matlab, we have specified the inputs according to
the PV panel taken. Since the PV panel depends on variable irradiance and tempera-
ture. So both factors are taken into consideration and a seprate mppt charge controller
which uses PO method has been designed .Also a fuzzy logic controller is used using
fuzzy logic toolbox. Sepic converter is also designed via matlab simulink.

3.6 Summary
The work of sepic converter, fuzzy logic system and mppt is shown.

9
Chapter 4

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction
One of the best possible solution of global problems like increasing fuel prices, climate
change and air pollution is solar energy. However solar radiation is subjected to change
and thus fuzzy logic system is used to get the maximum power output and get a
constant voltage.

4.2 Result Analysis

4.3 Summary
The graphs of the sepic converter as well as the output voltage is shown.The ripple in
sepic converter is taken as 0.2 percent and the ripple in final output is very low nearly
dc output.

10
Figure 4.1: sepic output

11
 Figure 4.2: ripple in sepic output

Figure 4.3: different irradiation and temperature

12
Figure 4.4: final output constant voltage in all temperature and irradiation

13
Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

Introduction A perfect output constant voltage is achieved by using mppt and fuzzy
logic controller with sepic converter which can run electric appliances. It is a non-
conventional source of energy not producing any pollution and is also renewable. Fu-
ture work
Other type of converter can be used to increase the efficiency More variables can
be taken in the fuzzy logic system for better control

14
Bibliography

[1] http://www.ncl.ac.uk/media/wwwnclacuk/schoolofelectricalandelectronicengineering/files/P-
and-O-MPPT-IEEE-Trans-SE-Vol3-1-2012.pdf,

[2] http://www.ijarcce.com/upload/2015/april-15/IJARCCE

[3] http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slyt309/slyt309.pdf,

[4] Robert Warren, Erickson (1997). Fundamentals of power electronics. Chapman

Hall.,

15
 Project Details

Student Details:
Student Name: Sayak Kumar Dutta
Register Number: 130906698 Section A/ Roll No 54
Email Address : sayak.kr.dutta@gmail.com Phone No (M): 8317450779
Student’s Signature:
Project Details:
Project Title: MPPT FOR SOLAR PV APPLICATION USING FUZZY CONTROLLER
Project Duration 4 months Project Start Date 25.01.2017

Organization Details:
Organization Name: Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal
Dept of Electrical & Electronics Engg,
Full postal address : MIT Manipal, Manipal 576 104,
Karnataka State, INDIA

Guide Details:
Guide Name: Vineeth Patil
Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engg,
Full postal address : MIT Manipal, Manipal 576 104,
Karnataka State, INDIA
Email address: vineeth.patil@manipal.edu
Guide’s Signature: