-

Question 1 [20 marks]

The structure shown below is subject to a moment M at B, and a force F=M/L at C.

Calculate the Plastic Moment, Mp at which the structure collapses [16]

Draw the collapse mechanism [2]
State the assumption(s) in your analysis [2]

Note:
• Moment capacities of all members are the same
• The through pin at E

M
F=MIL
C •
L

A D

L L

-----
/

,----I ,_I 1"---

__ EXAMS OFFICE
USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s) I CIVN 4002

Course or topic name( s)
Paper Number & title I
Structural Engineering II

Examination/Test" to be held during month(s) 1 September 2009

~ of (*delete as applicable)

Year of Study (Arts & Science leave blank)

Degree/Diplomas for which

This course is prescribed
(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)
I BSc (Eng) Civil

Faculty/ies presenting candidates Engineering and the Built Environment

I~--~------------------ ]

Internal examiner(s) and prOf A. Elvin x7-7145 ]

Telephone extension number(s) [Dr K. Li x7-7151
---~-

External examiner(s) I~D~r~.G~.~H~o~w~e~II ~

Special materials required

1 Qpen Book Exam
(graph/music/drawing paper, maps,
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

Course ICIVN4002 Hours J3 Hours~

Time allowance No(s)

Instructions to candidates Answer Any 3 questions

(Examiners may wish to use this space All questions have equal marks
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution
made by this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration overleaf
;, ,

\1 ;),-
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

CIVN 412 Structural Engineering II page 20f2

QUESTION 2

Determine all possible yietd-line patterns for the slab configurations given below:

[10]

-:

->.

f
7
'\

\
,j.::.J
I------'-----1---
1\
,/
L...-.-.,.---I I _I 1
__ EXAMS OFFICE
USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s) I CIvN 4002

Course or topic name( s)
Paper Number & title I Structural Engineering II

Examination/Test* to be held during month(s) April 2009

of (*delete as applicable)

Year of Study (Arts & Science leave blank)

DegreelDiplomas for which

': This course is prescribed
. (BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)
I
BSc (Eng) Civil

Faculty/ies presenting candidates IEngineering and the Built Environment

Internal examiner(s) and [Prof A. Elvin x77145

Telephone extension number(s)

External examiner(s)

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawing paper, maps,
lopen Book Exam
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

\~

Time allowance
_1I_f)._[~_s)_e
__ I_c_IVN
__ 4_0_02 1 Hours 12 Hours
\~
Instructions to candidates ~~j ~
Answer ALL questions
(Examiners may wish to use this space ) \, -'\ All questions have equal marks
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution ~'0( '~
made by this examination or test towards ",j~ ""
the year mark, if appropriate) 'N ~
((0/
~~ -s J -§? ~ Jl'
Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested
to sign the declaration overleaf>
('

University of the Witwatersra~d, J~hanneS'burg

- .I - 'r,J '[

,.L \I I ))1 ~)
, ~

/
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CIVN 4002 Structural Engineering II

QUESTION 1 (20 marks)

The structure below is made up of a bending member that has a plastic moment capacity of Mp.
(a) Calculate the exact maximum uniform distributed load, w, that the structure can support before
collapse occurs. [8]
(b) State any assumptions that you make in (a). (\ [2]

wkN/m ~9(f I

10m

(c) A rotational spring with moment-rotation characteristics shown below is introduced at B.

Calculate the exact maximum uniform distributed load, w, that the structure can support now.
[10]

wkN/m
,
'( r
(9
r
f

M
10m
Mp/2" 1-------
e
If.
50"'-'](. -5 J y
- Rotational Spring characteristics
 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
,
• J
I
CIVN 4002 Structural Engineering II
~'

QUESTION 2 (20 marks)

(a) Using moment distribution or any other method, calculate and draw the bending moment diagram
The member stiffnesses are as shown. [16]
(b) State ifthe structural members have sway or not. Motivate your answer. [2]
(c) One of the assumptions used in this analysis is not "plane sections remain plane".
Please indicate why this is wrong, and what the assumption should state. [2]

Note: There is a through pin at C.

12kN

3kN/m

3EI

./
~\;~

2m 3m 4m
~

~ ~-'IL/Wo-~\

Information from tables:

--
w W

IA 1 BI
Ia b
j L
~ l L ~

wL2 b2
MA=-- Iz"l .« A1A =Wa-2
12 L
wL2 a2
M =-- MB =-Wb-L2
B 12
 -awlL
,>yeStiOn #2 (20 marks)

r
Calculate the exact load W that will cause plastic collapse of the two story portal frame. Axial load
contribution to the stresses in the section is to be ignored. Assume that all members have the same
plastic moment capacity Mp. [18]

State any assumptions that you make. [1]

Explain why the axial loads are ignored. [1]

w
-~.~ 1 .---_ ....•_----
L

-.
" w

bi0,
).
,.
o,'i

I
,
~mJ~ :.S f'1\~ W
1,.- 'o;~
 Onesrion '3 (25 marks)

-=-- .... steel proof ring shown in the diagram below was given to a student to measure the force P applied
- specimens. The proof ring had strain gauges attached to it in a full Wheatstone bridge
';5
guration; shown as s1, s2, s3, s4 in the diagram. Unfortunately, the student overloaded the proof
_. g b applying too large a load, P, to it. Upon removal of the point load the proof ring was oval.

1:: Roller at B

~
~\
s4

t
J

Proof Ring
Given: Ring diameter ~=50~; Wall thickn~lt=3mm; Width of ring, w=25rnm
Young's Modulus, E = 210GPa; Yield Stress, cry = 250MPa
/.1~e_~·
(a) Calculate the maximum load P for which the structure remains elastic :L - ~ [5]
(b) Calculate and draw the force, P, versus the vertical deflection at B diagram as
P reaches the collapse load p -c [13]
(c) Indicate where the plastic hinges occur at each stage oflo~4ing. [3]
(d) State all the assumptions in your calculation ~~ -- " [2]
(e) Can the damaged oval proof ring be used now? Motivate your answer ~ [2]
/

Information from tables: F is as indicated, and bB is the vertical deflection at B:

F
->,

.'
.::-'--""
. .

_III:·.,·,
FR31!
5 =--
B EI 4
"

•
~_,-'..:;.~...... e Plastic Moment, Mp at which the structure col1apses [14]
e collapse mechanism ~ [4]
e assuinption(s) in your analysis [2]

_ 'ote: Moment capacity of CD is two times that of AB and BC: MCD=2McB=2MAB=2 Mp .

10m

.y

Sm 0\
/
./
\

A ~.

Sm Sm

';'~.r'/
'/'~
..-"~~

! ./
,..

(J/;
{ i
1) Ii
~ \
I I I
I I

'/7;
'---
l:
r
 Johann esburg
~ ~Jii'::==='5:'2::l~
~ .•:...o.',",~.uental
Engineering

gineering II pages 4 of 4

(20 marks)

~== :::lOID
nt distribution method, calculate and draw the bending moment diagram
- member AD and Be are not connected.
-::-::=- ember stiffnesses are as shown. [16]
- =::::e if t e structural members have sway or not. Motivate your answer. [2]
ne of the assumptions used in this analysis is not "plane sections remain plane?'. I )
Please indicate why this is wrong, and state what it should be. ! /",{ I [2]

12kN
3kN/m

4m

f---4m _~

Information from tables:

W
w

IA 1 BI
j L
j
a
I b

~ L ~

2 b2
M =wL MA =Wa-2 ,
A 12 L
wL2 a2
M =-- M =-Wb-
B 12 B L2
 \
moment distribution method, calculate and draw the bending moment diagram
member AE and Be are not connected.
e member stiff nesses are as shown. [16]
Stare if the structural members have sway or not. Motivate your answer. [2]
c) One of the assumptions used in this analysis is not "plane sections remain plane".
State this assumption correctly. [2]

3kN/m

2m

4m

·· .,£' i

X•• : <_:o¥
":'~ ,~ .
..• 1:_
------+_.

J 1
_4_TIl -----1~

Information from tables:

lvI = wL~
A 12
M __ wL2
B - 12
 of tae "irwatersrand, Johannesburg
.o:C -:1 . Environmental Engineering

Structural Engineering II pages 3 of 4

Qli"E TIO 3 (20 marks)

The structure below is made up of members each of which has a plastic moment capacity of Ms.
(a) Calculate the exact maximum uniform distributed load, w, that the structure can support before
collapse occurs. . [8]
(b) State any assumptions that you make in (a). [2]
I
,I

/ \
-,

wkN/m Sm
,
-,
-,
VVtpO- -~ -,
-,
,
.(~ 'im
r:
r
/

Sm Sm Sm Sm

(c) A rotational spring with moment-rotation characteristics shown below is introduced at C. Calculate
the exact maximum uniform distributed load, w, that the structure can support now. [10]

M
MJ¥'2··t-------

e
Rotational Spring characteristics
Question 2 [20 marks 1
Using the moment distribution method, calculate and draw the bending moment diagram [20]

All member stiffnesses, EI, are the same.

3kN/m

3m
-,Jf----~_m _3m _~
Information from tables:
w

jf---_ _1_ L
L
b

wL2 L
M
A
=-
12
- u.J.ct. CL

wL2 T~L
M =--
B 12
 ( -~.. \. ~)I +-
<:. .~. .! '(I L

and Environmental Engineering

--......:. _ iry 0:" e Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

c ~4 2 Structural Engineering IT page 1 of2

Q JESTION 1

A rectangular slab measures 10m by 7 m. The slab is supported by three columns and a
fixed support, as shown in :figure 1. The slab supports a uniform distributed load (q),
three point loads along a free edge (5 kN each) and a line load (10 kN/m). Assume that
the point loads are light and ignore fan mechanisms. Consider all collapse mechanisms
and solve for the maximum load the slab can carry using yield-line analysis.

feu = 30 MFa [25J

.~.

un (.--
-----·-~---i
I

i
\
.3 5c..ro 3S~
f . 1
•••
sP-J
L. ---'------, i
I

1
t:.0(31
i/71t!.
(QcJ
/0)."'/1"'1

) '~,
J
I

/ 2

,
,
---!-
{J
,
-;
...
a 50 ~
I..

V
;.
- r----------,j,r----"1
I I
I! '"I
!
;
__ " .~&b'-' --

a:::
-1.
0 .,.J
1::1
'

~
~1!O-
I
J~

'- ~I.
v »>
..•

o
lJ)
N "

:j

l- _.J.-
"

j
 ~~ an Environmental Engineering
: : Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
- <>

rural Engineering II page 2 of2

Je:=-::--': e all possible yield-line patterns for the slab configurations given below:

[lOj

<,

'.

, I

.(
 S C:lU 1,:) ':)U1-'..tJUIL~U uJ U U1Ul..1ll.l.~.
••••.• i..1.l.\..oo ,:)l.UU ~\,..l.l-"l:-'vJ.L."" "'- J..u. .L.J...l5LJ.. U.1..I._"'''' ro_.u.lo..I-....... •....••.•....... , .•.•.......•......•....•..._

Using yield-line analysis, determine the maximum load (q) the slab can carry. Show all
redit.

=
_ -__..
r = 25 kN.m
- f~x
__- = = -J = 20 kN.m
- _ '_ wall = 5 kN/vertical m2

- ••
,/

I\ Culum '"P~'rt 8 tow)

,j
j

Bril will, ·2 m high

""

\
. l:
(
./
) t M::=Mnx ..
( ( . . Mpy=Mny .. -~---- \
l
\
\ / ')

~ , ••• • f

I
J~:~-
'Ii
""

--i~:
,
3000 I 1000 I 4000
===:s;::'Z :::;::;;40:;=00 ===~'-~. : ,f1-: __ '·_400\J

--<:-_---7,
<J

·I~,
v -:

. i __ ~i ;.2 .i..'_

. -.~',.

L ...
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CIVN 4002 Structural Engineering II pages 2 of2

QUESTION 2

A rectangular slab, 4 m x 3 m, is subjected to a line load of 5 kN/m and two point loads
of 5 kN. The slab is supported by four columns. Using yield-line analysis, determine the
maximum load (q) the slab can carry.

Mpx = Mnx = 25 kN.m

Mpy = Mny = 20 kN.m

-
-t-_4 0v-0
Question 3 [20 marks]
A circular concrete slab of diameter 6meters and 0.45m thick is built into a vertical rock shaft. The top
and bottom cover to reinforcement is 50mm.

(i) Derive the SABS 01 00 code ultimate moment capacity equation for concrete:

M =0.87fA 1-
1.1f A J
Y S d
u Y S ( fcubd
where a constant stress distribution of 0.6fcu is assumed in the concrete, and the factors
of safety are: steel 1.15 and concretel5 [8]

(ii) Calculate the depth of water, h, that the slab can sustain just before collapse. Given the slab
moment capacity is M, . [12]

h
Water

0.45m

~f-----_6m ---1~ Shaft wall

(
Question 4 [20 marks]
A 2-storey frame structure is shown below. Assume that the columns are mass-less and the beams
(floor) is rigid.

1. Determine the natural vibration frequencies and corresponding mode shapes; express the
frequencies in terms of m, E I, and h
ii. Using an approximate method to evaluate the natural frequencies and compare the results with
that from i)
111. Assume that l g lateral acceleration acts on the structure (on both masses); evaluate the
displacements.

O.5m

O.5EI Q,,5EI

EI EI

.;7///7//7// /// /77

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CIVN 4002 Structural Engineering II

QUESTION 1 (20 marks)

In addition to the loads shown, the foundation at point D moves 10mm up
(a) State if the structural members have sway or not. Motivate your answer. [2]
(b) Using moment distribution or any other calculation method, calculate and draw the bending
moment diagram. The member stiffnesses are as shown. [14]
(c) Calculate the vertical reaction force that the foundation D experiences. [4]

12kN

3kN/m lOmm
•••
II~A-----E~I~----~------~~----~~-------3-E-I----_D~liI

I
1f---------+----
2m 2m 2m 4m

Information from tables:

w W

:r-
IA 1 BI
a
j
b
j L
~
I
L ~

M ::::wL
2
b2
MA = Wa-2
A 12 L
2
a2
(j
M = _ wL M =-Wb-L2 /f 'NJ
B 12 !l

~
~t
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CIVN 4002 Structural Engineering II

QUESTION 2 (20 marks)

(a) For the structure shown below calculate the moment capacity M,
N ate that all members have equal El. [8]
(b) What assumptions have you made? ~ [2]
45°
5kN

2 •••••••••••••••••••••
3
2m

4m

1
4

3m 3m

(c) For the structure shown below calculate the moment capacity M, [10]

2
SkN\J
2m
3

y 4m

Lx 1
4

M
25kNm

3m 3m

e
Lotational .·pring ch aracteristics
/
L--II_I I~__ EXAMS OFFICE
USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s) I CIVN 4002

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title 1 Structural Engineering II

Examina-tionJTest* to be held during month(s) 1May 2010

of (*ctelete as applicable)

Year of Stud y (Arts & Science leave blank) 14th

Degree/Diplomas for which

This course is prescribed
(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)
I BSc (Eng) Civil

Faculty/ies presenting candidates I Engineering and the Built Environment

Internal examiner(s) and I Prof A. Elvin x77145

Telephone extension number(s)

External examiner(s)

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawing paper, maps,
I Open Book Exam
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

Time allowance '----cN_o_~..:....g...:...)e IL-c_I_V_N_4_0_02 1 Hou rs 12 Hours

Instructions to candidates Answer ALL questions

(Examiners may wish to use this space All questions have equal marks
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution
made by this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration overleaf
 · r---.'----l
/' I -.
\ ~OFFICE
~ j
'hrs .J USE ONLY
L __ --J I
~~"'~BI' '" ·~·_\_;llJ:.""~_A_e ::L:JdD'~ ~,.~

University of the Witwatersrand, .Johannesburg

(

Course or topic No(s) \ CIVN41_2 __ I ,

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title [ STRUCTURAL ENGlNEERlNG IT
,--------------------
r-----------.--.
Examination/Test" to be held during
month(s) of (,delete as applicable) L~~ 2_0_~_6 ._

Year of Study (Arts & Science leave blank) ~OURTH

Deg;-eel;)iplomas for which

this course ;S prescribed
(BSe (£ng) ~.O,,);J<iindicate which branch) USe (Eng)

I
Facuhv/ies presenting candidates LENGI!-<"EERING
---------------------,--,----
rl ----- -------------.---------

CROF M GOHNLRT
h~::n-\.al examinerts) and
l.e;q,ho',j·~ extension nnmberts)

:'.:xt2' r.al exarninerts)

Special materials required

(g:api1!music/c!rawing paper, rr.aps,
di2gra,ns, tabies, computer cards, etc.)

--Z;-u-rs-e---,-------·-~-----\-'------\
Time allowance ,--1\_\°_(-0-5.:...)__ .LC_IV_N_4_1_2 __ -----'L-..H_o_u_rs--L1 ~~!:..__J.

Instructions to candidates
AJ',SWER ALL QUESTIOKS
(Examiners may wish to use this space
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution
made by_this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration overleaf.
~- :: :. - -

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

CIVN 412 Structural Engineering IT page 1 of2

QUESTION 1

A rectangular slab measures 10m by 7 m. The slab is supported by three columns and a
fixed support, as shown in figure 1. The slab supports a uniform distributed load (q),
three point loads along a free edge (5 kN each) and a line load (10 kN/m). Assume that
the point loads are light and ignore fan mechanisms. Consider allcol1~~ mechanisms
and solve for the maximum load the slab can carry using yield-lIDe analysis.

feu = 30:MFa [25]

,~,

uo

i t-
.3, 5c.ro ,35-0-0 :3 (:ro-t>
f t
" cd/) N "l4
spJ

r AI
l,-
.
~

&
{J\
fV)
: 5 W
- 1--' @ . -l
""
"l
~%
I'"
Q
'J

tf)
1")

- SM

I~ ~1tO-3.
I I
I 1
- ~i· .>: ••r.,oJ L' ~ - - ~~') ~ .
'-' ~) t~-
------

~5
I
C
lC
N