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  • Estimation Drug Requirements

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    Estimation Drug Requirements

    Загружено:

    eva taulabi
    Logistik obat

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Estimating Drug Requirements A Practical Manual ESTIMATING DRUG REQUIREMENTS: A PRACTICAL MANUAL ACTION PROGRAMME ON ESSENTIAL DRUGS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA First Edition, 1988 Reprinted, 1990, 1991 ‘This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO) and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced or translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale or use in conjunction with commercial purposes. It is expected that this manual will need to be modified in different countries o ‘communities in order to meet the needs of its users. WHO welcomes comments on the ‘manual and information on experience in its use or adaptation: these should be ad- dressed to: Programme Manager ‘Action Programme on Essential Drugs and Vaccines World Health Organisation 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. PREFACE ‘This manual was written by Mr Adrian Griffiths, Director of Research of the Health Management Insitute (HMI, Geneva, under a contractual service agreement between HMI and the World Health Organization Action Programme on Essential Drags and Vaccines (ar). ‘The content of the manual was developed by an informal working group which met five times during 1984-1987, and in work done between meetings, including field tests in sever- al countries. The members of the working group were: Consultants Mr Adrian Griffiths, Director of Research, Health Management Institute, Genova, Dr Hans Hogerzeil, Associate Professional Officer, World Health Organization, Eastern ‘Mediterranean Regional Office.* Dr Jonathan Quick, Director of Drug Management Programmes, Management Sciences for Health, Boston, USA. Dr Godfrey Walker, Senior Lecturer, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK Dr James Wolff, Project Officer, Management Sciences for Health, Boston, USA. WHO Secretariat Mrs Margaretha Helling-Borda, Senior Scientist, Action Programme on Essential Drugs and Vaccines, WHO, Geneva, Mrs Ramona Lunt, Scientist, Action Programme on Essential Drugs and Vaccines, WHO, Geneva, Mr Ed Dowd, Chief, Epidemiological and Statistical Methodology, WHO, Geneva.*** The valuable advice of staff working in relevant technical programmes of WHO has been incorporated into Module 5 which includes illustrative standard drug treatment schedules for Quantification of drug requirements based on average doses. ‘The preparation of the manual was financed by grants from the Directorate of Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid, Switzerland, the Swedish International Development Authority/Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries (SIDA/ SAREC), and from Interpharma, the association of the Swiss pharmaceutical companies Ciba-Geigy, Hoffmann-La Roche, and Sando [Now Technica Otficer, Action Programme on Essential Drogs and Vaccines, WHO, Geneva Now M TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE PART |: INTRODUCTION MODULE 1: Objectives and use of the manual MODULE 2: _ Assessing the need for better quantification MODULE 3: Preparing an action plan MODULE4: — Drawing up and reviewing essential drug lists by type of facility PART II: THE MORBIDITY METHOD MODULES: — Data requirements: standard drug treatment schedules for quantifiying requirements, based on average doses MODULE6: — Data requirements: morbidity data MODULE7: The patient morbidity/standard treatment method: calculation procedures PART Ill: THE CONSUMPTION METHOD MODULE8: The adjusted consumption method: calculation procedures ANNEXES ll 24 3.1 41 5.1 61 TA 8.1 Al LIST OF TABLES Table Page 3.1 Main tasks in preparing an action plan 33 3:2 Choosing the appropriate quantification method 37 4:1 Summary of steps in deciding levels of care and essential drug lists by facility 41 4,2. Illustrative health problem listing for surveying drug requirements for the first and middle levels. 44 4,3 Ilustrative health problem listing for village health worker level 47 4.4 Summary of guidelines for selecting essential rugs 48 4.5. Selecting appropriate drugs for each health problem 4.10 4,6 Illustrative essential drug list for middle or health centre level 413 4.7 Illustrative essential drug list for middle or health centre level by therapeutic group 414 4.8 Ilustrative essential drug list for middle or health centre level with order pack size and illustrative price 4.19 5.1 Illustrative standard treatment schedules for ‘quantification of drug requirements based on average doses 5.6 1 Estimating treatment episodes from national level morbidity statistics 6.4 2 Worksheet for calculating treatment episodes 68 3. Consolidation worksheet for number of treatment episodes at all sample facilities 6.9 4 Model record form for the middle level 6.1 5 Model record form for the community health worker 6.17 6 Total treatment episodes and other contacts by community health workers 6.18 7.1 Calculation sheet for drug quantities by health problem 13 7.2. Calculation sheet for drug quantities by health problem (completed) 7.6 7.3. Calculation sheet for total quantities of each drug 7.10 7.4 Calculation sheet for total quantities of each drug (completed) 712 7.5. Calculation sheet for total quantities of each drug, number of order packs (completed) 7.16 7.6 Calculation sheet for total quantities of each drug, number of order packs, and cost 7.18 LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table 7.7 Calculation sheet for total quantities of each. drug, number of order packs,and cost (completed) -8 Sample guidelines for VEN categories 7.9 Final quantities and cost after reconciliation to budget and quantities per 1000 treatment risodes: itera fr selecting "standard facilites Ilustrative stock cards Ilustrative stock cards lustrative stock cards Mlustrative stock card Calculation sheet for recording drug quantities (consumption method) Duar ‘Annex 1: Model record form for the community health worker Annex 2: Calculation sheet for drug quantities by health problem Annex 3: Calculation sheet for total quantities of each

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