CASSAVA PEELINGS AND USED PAPERS AS ALTERNATIVE

MATERIALS FOR PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCTION

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Applied Science –Individual

JAN ISRAEL S. AGILLON

Grade IV-SSES
Adriatico Memorial School

ALOHA B. ABES
LOURDES L. LEDESMA
Adult Sponsors

Calapan West Schools District

Division of Calapan City

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TITLE: CASSAVA PEELINGS AND USED PAPERS AS ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
FOR PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION:

The 21st century signifies a world full of innovation and development yet people continue

to adapt technology with a balance in nature. Recycling is one of the well-known techniques

used from the past up to the present time to promote proper waste management. Through

modernization, recycling has undergone several transformations and now has a wide application

that serves as a resolution to various environment issues (Morselli et.al, 2009). One of the issues

nowadays is the large collection of wastes in dump sites (Lemann, 2008). It was indicated that

about half of the garbage generated daily is biodegradable waste such as food scraps, leftovers,

and animal carcasses and about 17 percent are paper wastes (DENR, 2011). Paper is a thin

material that finds its main uses in writing, drawing, and wrapping. It is typically produced by

pressing together the moist cellulose fibre that can be found in a number of organic materials

such as inner bark, leaves and grasses. Used paper is a common waste problem in every school

community. The only usual and easy way to address this is by selling them to the junkshop.

Cassava peelings, on the other hand, are thrown as trash in bakeries or restaurants if not recycled

as compost. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots are largely cultivated in our country. It is one of

the chief sources of dietary food energy of Filipinos. It has been reserved as the crop that can

outgrowth rural industrial development and raise income for producers, processors, and traders

(Echebiri and Edaba 2008). It is known to have the natural adhesives also called biodegradable

binder and are predominantly water soluble. Tissues of all cassava cultivars have been found to

have varying amounts of cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin (93%) and lotaustralin (methyl

linamarin, 3%), which contain potential toxic effects and found effective against stored-product

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pests (Park, 2002). As indicated by the Wood Products Industry, particleboard is defined as a

panel product manufactured from lignocellulosic materials, primarily in the form of discrete

particles, combined with a synthetic resin or other suitable binder and bonded together under

heat and pressure (2002). Particle boards are readily available in the market but mostly cost a lot

and are not so durable.

The abundance of used writing papers of pupils in Adriatico Memorial School has

inspired the researcher to pursue this study to develop a particle board out of used papers and

cassava peelings. Furthermore, this study will determine the durability of the finished product.

The outcome of this study is to produce a paper waste-free school of AMS as they are turned into

particle boards which can be utilized by the teachers as display boards in their classrooms.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

1. How appropriate as display board is the particle board made out of cassava (Manihot
esculenta) peelings and used papers? Considering the different variety and proportions
such as:

Set-up A
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) peelings Variety A (White Variety) – used paper
½:½ (kg)
¾ : ¼ (kg)
¼: ¾ (kg)

Set-up B
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) peelings Variety B (Yellow Variety) – used paper
½:½ (kg)
¾ : ¼ (kg)
¼: ¾ (kg)

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 2. Is there a significant difference between the degree of display appropriateness of the
particle board made out of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peelings and used papers
considering:

2.1 variety
2.2 proportions

3. Is there a significant interaction between the variety of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and
proportions?

STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESES:

Ho1: There is no significant difference between the mean ratings of the degree of display
appropriateness on the finished product considering the variety of cassava.

Ho2: There is no significant difference between the mean ratings of the degree of display
appropriateness on the finished product considering the different proportions.

Ho3: There is no significant interaction effect considering the mean ratings between the variety of
cassava and the proportions.

Significance of the Study:

Using biodegradable materials such as used papers and cassava (Manihot esculenta)
peelings as particle board is a better way of reducing waste in our community. It will not only
lessen the problem in waste management but also provides a good opportunity to turn these
wastes into a more beneficial product. Through this study, the pupils will also be encouraged to
enhance their creativity my making quality particle boards. Hence, the success of this project
will as well be favorable to the school, home, church, or even offices since this product requires
little or no expenses at all.

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SCOPE AND LIMITATION:

 This study will focus in using only cassava (Manihot esculenta) peelings and used
writing papers in particle board production.
 Two varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta), the white and yellow, will be used in the
experiment.
 White used papers and not colored papers will be used in the experiment.
 Small amounts of the ingredients will be used to produce a sample display board of only
1x1 ft measurement.

PROCEDURE:

This study will be carried out at the residence of one of the proponents. The following
materials will be needed to make this project possible: 3 kg of cassava peelings (1 ½ kg per
variety), 3 kg of used papers, salt, water, 1x1 ft. wooden mold, liquid adhesive.

METHODOLOGY:

Used papers will be collected from the school or homes. Cassava peelings will be
obtained from bakeries, restaurants or other potential source for supply. Used papers will be
soaked in a basin of saltwater solution while the cassava peelings are being blended using an
electric food blender. Mix the pre-soaked used papers and blended cassava peelings in a power
mixer with the following measurement per Set-up:

Set-up A
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) peelings Variety A (White Variety) – used paper
½:½ (kg)
¾ : ¼ (kg)
¼: ¾ (kg)

Set-up B
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) peelings Variety B (Yellow Variety) – used paper
½:½ (kg)
¾ : ¼ (kg)
¼: ¾ (kg)

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 Hand press each mixture in the designated wooden mold and label. Coat each mold with
a liquid adhesive. Let it dry for about an hour under the sun or until it fully dries in a room
temperature.

References:

 http://www.filipinoherbshealingwonders.filipinovegetarianrecipe.com/kamoteng-
kahoy.htm
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263650050_Cyanogenic_glycosides_Alternativ
e_insecticides
 C. J. Chen et al., "Study on Chemical Compositions of Manihot Esculenta
Crantz(M. utilissima Pohl)Stalks", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 236-238, pp.
394-398, 2011
 Park, D. & Coats, J. (2002). Cyanogenic glycosides : alternative insecticides?. The
Korean Journal of Pesticide Science, 6(2), 51-57.

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