серия книг для чтения на английском языке

Книги серии Just fo r Pleasure («Просто для удовольствия»)

адресованы самой широкой аудитории изучающих английский язык.
Издания предназначены как для самостоятельного чтения, так и для
работы под руководством преподавателя и рассчитаны на три
уровня владения языком:
- начинающих;
- совершенствующихся;
- владеющих.
Книги для начинающих (Beginners) состоят из небольших
прозаических текстов, диалогов и стихотворений, сопровождаются
подробными комментариями, англо-русским словариком, а также
комплексом тестов и упражнений на развитие разговорных навыков.
Книги для совершенствующихся (Intermediate) - это оригинальная
литература, адаптированная для соответствующего уровня владения
языком. Художественные тексты, публикуемые в данном цикле,
сопровождаются комментариями и проверочными упражнениями.
Книги этого уровня будут особенно полезны абитуриентам,
готовящ имся сдавать вступительный экзамен по английскому языку.
В цикле для владеющих языком (Advanced) публикуются
неадаптированные произведения англоязычных писателей,
снабженные лексико-грамматическими и культурологическими
комментариями, а также небольшими статьями, рассказывающими о
вошедших в издание произведениях и их авторах.
Надеемся, что книги серии Just fo r Pleasure принесут пользу и
доставят удовольствие всем интересующимся английским языком и
литературой.
 All Around You
Вокруг нас
Для V-VI классов школ
с углубленным изучением английского языка
Автор-составитель Н. Л. Утевская

4-е издание,
переработанное и дополненное

«ПИТЕР»
Са пКт-Петербург
1996
 The world is a big, big round ball. It is
called1 the earth. You live on the earth, and
everything around you is part of it. All day
long you feel things — warm sunshine, or
snow on your cheeks, wind blowing in your
hair, damp earth.
You smell the sweet air after a spring rain,
flowers in the summer sun and leaves burning
in autumn. You see the blue sky and the grey
rain, the black night and the shiny stars, trees,
snowflakes and rainbows, mountains, seas and
rivers.
The world around you is' full of the things
you need. You eat food that plants have made.
They make fruit and nuts, melons and berries,
sugar and cotton. These things are the world,
and they are all around you.
This book will tell you all kinds of things
about the world around you. You will read
about what you see in the sky, in the water, on
the ground, in the street and about your home
and school.
The world is so interesting that you will be
glad to know more about it.
1 it is called [кэ:Id] — он называется
S
IN THE SKY AND
OUT OF THE SKY

THE SUN

The sun looks like1 a big bright ball. It shines

on our world and helps us to see everything
around us. The sun is like a lamp that gives us
light, but it is also like a fire that gives us
warmth.

In the morning the sun is in the east. A t first2

it is low in the sky and then it rises higher and
higher.
A t noon the sun is in the south.
In the evening it is in the west.

1 looks like — похоже на

* a t first — сначала
 The sun shines all the time, but it can shine
only on one side of the earth. When the sun
shines on one side of the earth, it is day there.
When it shines on the other side of the earth, it
is night where you are. At night we do not see
the sun; but in the morning it rises again and
lights us and warms us.
The earth turns round the sun in twelve
months, or three hundred and sixty-five days.
Three hundred and sixty-five days make a
year.
Questions:
1 . W hat is the earth?
2 . W hat does the sun look like?
3 . W hat does the sun give us?
4 . Where does the sun rise?
5 . Where is it at noon?
6 . Where is it in the evening?
7 . Does the sun shine all the time?
8 . Do we see the sun at night? Why not?
9 . How many days has a year got?

THE GLAD SUN1

The glad sun goes across the sky,

At night it drops down2 in the west,
And suddenly the dark comes out,
And all the children go to rest.
Oh, sun, I’m glad you know the way
To bring us back* the pleasant day.

1 the glad son — веселое солнце

1 drops down — опускается
* the way to bring as back — как вернуть нам
7
 THE NORTH, THE SOUTH,
THE EAST, THE WEST

What time is it? It is twelve o’clock. It is

noon.
Come out into the garden. Now, where is the
sun? Turn your face towards it. Look at the sun.
That is the South. Always when it is twelve
o’clock, and you look at the sun, your face is to­
wards the South.
Now turn to the left. Look forward. That is
the East. In the morning you must look just
there, and you will see the sun rise.1 Always in
the morning look there for the sun. The sun
rises in the East.
Now turn your back to the sun. Look forward.
That is the North. Now turn to the left again.
Look forward. That is the West. The sun is al­
ways there when it goes down.
The sun sets in the West.

THE NIGHT AND THE STARS

You can see the stars only at night. They are

in the sky all day,2 but the light from the sun is
so bright that you cannot see them in the day­
time.
When the sun does not shine, you can see the
stars well.
We can see some thousands of stars with the
eye. But if we look through a telescope, we shall

1 you will see the son rise — вы увидите, как всходит

солнце
2 all day — круглые сутки
8
see many more. We cannot see them with our
eyes, because they are very far away.
Stars look very little, but some are even big­
ger than the sun. They look so little only because
they are very far away.
But things always look little when they are far
away. In the sky airplanes look like toys, but on
the ground you can see that they are very big.
Stars are millions of times bigger than air­
planes.
Some of the stars move through the sky. They
are called1 the planets. They are the nearest to us
of all the stars, and they move round the sun
just like the earth does.2 The stars that do not
move round the sun are farther away from us
than the planets and even farther than the sun.

1 are called — называются

2 ju st like the earth does — точно так же, как земля
 Questions:
1. When can you see the stars?
2. Where are the stars all day?
3. Why can’t you see the stars in the day-time?
4. Why do the stars look so small?
5. W hat do we call the etars that move through the
sky?

THE STARS

In the day,
Far away,
Hide the stars: they never stay.
Never show
Where they go;
Can you tell me, do you know?
In the dark
You may mark
Hundreds over house and park.

THE MOON

The moon is a ball, too, like the sun and the

earth.
The sun does not shine at night, and then we
have the moon. But on some nights we do not see
the moon at all.1 When it first shows itself, it is
like a fine sickle. This sickle becomes larger and
larger every evening till it is in the form of a
bow. Then the moon is seven days or a week old.
1 at all — вообще
10
 The next seven days it
becomes larger and larger
till it is round. Then we say
it is the full moon, and it is
fourteen days old.
The next seven days the
moon becomes smaller and
smaller till it takes the
form of a bow again. It is
then three weeks old.
For the next seven days the moon becomes
smaller and smaller again till we do not see it at
all. So the moon moves round the earth in
twenty-eight days. A month
in which there are only
twenty-eight days is called
a lunar month.
The moon is smaller than
the stars, but it is nearer,
so it looks bigger. The
moon has no light of its
own.1 It shines only when
the light of the sun falls on
it.

Questions:
1. W hat is the moon?
2. When can we see the moon in the sky?
3. Does the moon shine every night?
4. When the moon is a week old, what form has it
got?
5. W hat form has the full moon got?
6. In how many days does the moon turn round the
earth?
1 has no light of its own — не светят собственным светом
 THE MOON AND THE STARS
The moon is very nice and bright
And also very high,
I think it is a pretty sight
To see it in the sky.
It shines upon me where I play;
It seems almost as bright as day.1
The stars are very pretty too
And scattered all about.2
At first I make out just a few,1
But soon some more4 come out.
I know I cannot count them all,
They are so very bright and small.

MOLLY AND THE MOON

Molly is a very little girl. She has a big

brother. His name is Bob.
One evening Molly and Bob are going to the
shop for bread. And suddenly Molly sees the
moon in the sky. She sees it for the first time.
“Oh, I want it,” she says.
“Silly girl, you can’t have the moon!” says
Bob.
“Why not?” asks Molly.
Bob does not know what to say. Molly does not
understand that the moon is hundreds and hun­

1 it м еms almost as bright as day — кажется, что светло

почти как даем
* and scattered all about — и рассыпаны по всему небу
1 at first I make ont just a few — сначала я различаю
только несколько (звезд)
4 some more — еще и еще
12
dreds of miles1 away in the
sky, for she is a very little
girl.
So Bob takes Molly by the
hand, and goes with her to
the shop. On the way home,
Molly again looks up at the
round ball in the sky. She
likes it so much!
The next day they go for
a walk and see a man in the
street. He has many balloons
in his hand. He is selling
them. Molly sees the man
and cries, “Oh, look! The
moon!” One of the balloons
is painted2 like the moon.
“I want to buy the moon,” says Molly.
They buy this balloon, and Molly is very
happy. She does not call it a balloon. She says it
is the moon!
The next day Molly takes her balloon to the
garden. She holds it by the string, but suddenly
a strong wind begins to blow and the balloon
flies away up, up, up into the air.
Molly does not cry, but she is very sad. In the
evening she looks at the sky and sees the bright
moon.
“Oh, Bob, look! My moon is at home again. See
how glad it is! It is happier up there.”1
Some days later Molly sees the moon again.
This time there is only a part of it.

1 mile — т л я (англ. мера длины, 1609 м)

* is painted — раскрашен
* It is happier up there. — Там, наверху, ей лучше.
IS
 “My moon hidee itself,” she says.
Bob tells Molly that the moon is a large ball
which turns round the earth. Now the moon is
only seven days old, that’s why we see only a
part of it. But Molly is too little, she cannot un­
derstand that.
When Molly is a big girl, Bob will tell her
more about the moon. Then she will understand
that the moon is more interesting than a toy bal­
loon!
Is It True?
Read these sentences and say which of them are true
and which are not.

Molly is a little girl.

Bob is a little boy.
Bob sees the moon in the sky.
Molly does not like the moon.
She wants to buy a balloon.
The balloon does not fly away.
Molly sees the moon in the sky.
She thinks it is her balloon.

T U P R1 I I P QftTV
THE RAINBOW1AND THE CLOUDS

Very often you see clouds in the sky. Some­

times clouds look like cotton and sometimes they
look like grey smoke. Why is it so?
We must know that clouds are made of2 mil­
lions of rain-drops or bits of ice, so small and
1 rainbow ['rembou] — радуга
* are made of — состоят не (букв, сделаны на)
14
light that they float in the air like little bal­
loons.
All these rain-drops or ice-drops make a cloud.
Even when the sky looks grey with these
clouds, the sun is still there above the grey rain­
drops.
On fine days when there are no clouds in the
sky, it looks very blue.
Sunlight has many colours. Some of these
colours we can see better than others. Sometimes
when the sun shines through millions of rain­
drops which are in the air, we see all the colours
of the sunlight — red, orange, yellow, green,
blue and violet — in a beautiful bridge across
the sky. We call that a rainbow.
Questions:
1. W hat do clouds look like?1
2. W hat are clouds?
3. When does the sky look blue?
4. When can we see a beautiful bridge across the
sky?
5. W hat do we call it?
6. W hat are the colours of a rainbow?

THE CLOUDS

White sheep, white sheep,2

On a blue hill.
When the wind stops,
You stand still.

1 What do clouds look like? — Как выглядят (на что по­

хожи) облака?
2 sheep — овцы (это слово во множ. числе не изменяется)
16
 You walk far away,
When the winds blow:
White sheep, white sheep,
Where do you go?

THE RAINBOW AND THE SUN

One day in June there is a beautiful rainbow

in the sky. It is a rainy day, but the sun shines.
The boys and girls say, “Look at the beautiful
rainbow.”
The rainbow is very proud. It says to the
clouds, “Dull things!”1 And to the sun, “You are
not so beautiful as l am. You shine, but you have
only one colour. Look at my colours!”
“I like your colours, pretty rainbow!” says the
sun with a smile.

• doll things — здесь скучные создания

1в
 Then the sun goes away behind the clouds. At
once the rainbow goes out of sight.1 The rain­
bow does not know that it gets its colours from
the sun. There can be no rainbow without the
sun.

THE RAINBOW

Boats sail on the river,

And ships sail on the seas,
But clouds that sail across the sky
Are prettier far than these.2
There are bridges on the rivers,
As pretty as you please;3
But the bow that bridges heaven,4
And overtops the trees,
And builds a road from earth to sky,
Is prettier far than these.

AIR, WIND, THUNDER AND LIGHTNING8

All around the earth there is air. The sun

shines through it, the clouds float in it. We can*

1 At once the rainbow goes oat of sight. — Радуга сразу

же исчезает.
1 are prettier far than these — гораздо красивее (чем
лодки и корабли)
* as pretty as yon please — здесь очень красивые
4 that bridges heaven fhcvn] — которая перекинулась че­
рез все небо, как мост
* thtinder and lightning ['ОдшЬг and ’laitnnj]— гром и мол­
ния
17
not see the air but we know that it is all around
us — in the house, in the garden and in the
street.

We breathe air, and so do animals and plants.1

When the air moves slowly, it is a breeze* When
it moves quicker, it is a wind. And so wind is air
moving.2
A wind from the north is called* a north wind,
and it is a cold wind.
A wind from the south is called a south wind,
and it is warm.
One4 from the east is an east wind and one
from the west is a west wind.
Sometimes when the wind blows very hard,
there is a storm. And sometimes thunder and
lightning come with the storm. Do you know
what lightning is? It is electricity in the air. But
electricity in the air has no wires, so it jumps
from one place to another.
1 and so do animals and plants — и животные и расте­
ния тоже (дышат воздухом); глагол to do часто упо­
требляется для того, чтобы не повторять смысловой
глагол
* wind is air'moving — ветер — это движущнйоя воздух
* is called — называется
4 one—a wind (слово one здесь заменяет слово wind, что­
бы не повторять его)
1«
 It jumps from cloud to cloud or from a cloud
to the ground. Lightning warms the air through
which it goes. This makes the big noise that is
thunder.
Questions:
1. Where is air?
2. Can we see the air?
3. W hat is a wind?
4. W hat is a storm?
5. W hat so me times comes with astorm?
6. W hat do you know aboutthunder and lightning?

HOW FAR AWAY IS THE THUNDERSTORM?

During a thunderstorm you can tell how far

away the centre of the storm is in this way.
Light travels very quickly. It can go round the
world seven times in one second, so lightning
reaches your eyes in less than a second. The
sound of thunder, though, is very much slower.
It travels only one mile in five seconds.
You will see the flash at once. As soon as you
see the flash, start counting. If you can count up
to five before you hear the roll of thunder, then
the thunderstorm centre is one mile away. If you
can count up to ten, it is two miles away. If you
can count up to fifteen before you hear the thun­
der, you are three miles from the centre of the
thunderstorm.
Each extra five seconds between the flash and
the bang means that you are one mile further
away.

19
 THE WIND AND THE SUN

One bright windy day

the wind says to the
sun, “I am stronger
than you.”
“You are not stronger
than I,” says the sun.
“I am,”1 says the
wind. “See how the
trees bow before me. See
how the leaves tremble.
They know that I can
make trees fall2 to the
ground. You cannot do
this because you are not
so strong as I am."
The sun says, “I can
make the trees and flow­
ers grow. You are not so
strong as I am. You can­
not make a tree grow.”
Then the wind says,
“Let us see who is
stronger.”
“Let us do that,” says
the sun, “but how can
we?”
“Do you see that
man?” says the wind.
“Yee,” says the sun.

1 I am — здесь нет, я сильнее

* I can make tree* fall — я могу свалять деревья (букв.
а&ставнть деревья упасть)
 “If you can make him take his coat off,”1 says
the wind, “you are stronger than I, but if I can
make him take it off, I am stronger than you. I
shall begin first.”
So the wind blows and
blows and blows.
“Oh! How cold that
wind is!” says the man.
The wind blows again,
but the man does not
take his coat off.
Then the sun says,
“Now I shall shine.” And
the sun begins to shine
down on the man with all
its might.
“Oh!” says the man.
“How hot it is!” And then the man takes his coat
off.
So who is stronger?

WHICH WAY DOES THE WIND BLOW?2

Which way does the wind blow,

And where does he* go?
He runs over the water,
He runs over the snow.

1 if yon can make him take bis coat off — если ты смо­
жешь заставать его снять пальто
1 Which way does the wind blow? — Куда дует ветер?
* В стихах и сказках о животных и явлениях природы
часто говорится he и she вместо обычного it.
21
 From what place he comes,
To what place he goes,
There’s no one ean tell you,
There’s no one who knows.

FOG,1 RAIN, HAIL,2 SNOW AND ICE

Sometimes the clouds are very low, so low that

they lie on the ground, the trees, the plants, the
grass.
We call that fog.
When the little drops of water that make
clouds or fog are near each other, they make big­
ger drops. These drops are heavy. They cannot
float in the air, so they fall down.
And that is rain.
When the air is very cold, the rain-drops
freeze. They freeze into hard little balls.
We call that hail.
But in winter the water freezes in the clouds,
and then falls in little flakes.
That is enow. Millions and millions of snow­
flakes come down. They are white, cold and soft.
And what is ice? It is cold and hard. If it is
very thin, you can see through it. If it is thick,
it is very strong. The ice is so strong that you
can skate on it. But do you know what ice is? It
is water. If you put ice in a warm place it will
melt and you can see that it is only frozen
water.*

1 fog — туман
* hail — град
* frozen water — замерешая вода
22
 LITTLE RAIN-DROPS

Oh, where do you come from,

You little drops of rain,
Pitter-patter, pitter-patter1
Down the window pane?
Tell me, little rain-drOps,
Is that the way you play,2
Pitter-patter, pitter-patter,
All the rainy day?

SNOW

The snowflakes are falling

By one’s and by two’s,3
There is snow on my coat
And snow on my shoes.
There is snow on the plants
And snow on the trees,
And snowflakes tdl round me
Like many white bees.

ON THE ICE

Slide, slide, the ice is strong,

Quickly, quickly elide along!
Slide along and don’t be slow,
In the cold your face will glow!

1 pitter-patter [ 'pita 'peta] — кап-кап (подражание звуку

падающих дождевых капель)
2 is that the way you play...? — это вы так играете...?
3 by one’s and by two’s — шутл. по одной и по две
23
 Slide along, slide very fast,
It’s a shame1 to be the last.

SMILE WITH US!

“Little boy,” says a
man, “why are you carry­
ing that umbrella over
your head? It is not rain-
• - 1»
ing.
“I am carrying it now,”
says the boy, “because
when it rains Father
wants it, and so I can
take it only when the
weather is fine.”

TEDDY: Mummy, why does it rain?

MOTHER: To make everything grow.2 To give
us apples, corn and flowers.
TEDDY: I know that, but then why does it
rain on the road?

TEACHER: What can you say about electricity

and lightning? What is the difference
between them?
MARY: We don’t have to pay for lightning.

1 it’s a shame — стыдно

1 to make everything grow — чтобы все росло
24
 RIDDLES
Here are tome riddles. Try and guess!

1. Higher than a house.

Higher than a tree;
Oh! Whatever can that be?1

2. We are very large though we seem small,

We float on high* and never fall,
We shine like jewels* in the night,
But in the day are hid from sight.4
What are we?

3. What falls, but never rises?

4. Two bright sisters are always running and never

meet.

(The answers are on page 42)

1 Whatever [wot'eva] can that be? — Что бы это могло

быть?
1 on Ugh — в вышине
* jewel* ['tfyialz] — драгоценные камни
4 are hid from sight [sait]— здесь не видны (букв, скрыты
от глав)
 IN THE WATER

WATER
Water is one of the most
useful and most wonderful
things in the world. And in
how many forms we have itl
Some of the water1 is in little
brooks, some of it is in ri­
vers. Some of the water is in
lakes, and some is in the deep
seas and oceans. In lakes the water does not
move so fast as2 the water in brooks and rivers
but it is as fresh, and in seas and oceans the
water is salty.
Where does all this water come from?*
It comes from the rain.
The rain goes down into the ground. But by
and by4 it comes to a rock through which it can­
not: go down.
So it runs along and comes to a hill.
Here it goes out into the air, and we call it a
spring. The water from the spring runs down the

1 some of the water — часть воды

* does not move so fast as — движется не так быстро,
как
* Where does all this water come from? — Откуда берет­
ся вся эта вода?
4 by and by — постепенно
20
hill. It meets the water from other springs. So
the stream grows larger and larger1 and makes a
river. And the river runs down to the sea.
Where does the rain come from?
From seas and oceans, from lakes and rivers
the sun draws up water into the air. This water
forms clouds which we can see in the sky.
And these clouds fall as rain, or snow, or hail.
And so, you see, water is in constant motion.2
The sun draws it up into the air. The rain falls
down to the earth. And the rivers carry the
water back to the sea.

WATER EVERYWHERE

But water is not only in rivers, lakes and

oceans.
There is water in the ground under our feet,
and water in the air over our heads.
No plant, no animal can live without it. We
take water in all our food, and we drink it.
There is much water in our bodies, and in
plants and animals as well.* Water is every­
where. Nothing can live without water just as4
nothing can live without sunlight.
Questions:
1. Where does water come from?
2. In what forme do we have water?

1 grows larger and larger — становится все больше н

больше
2 is in constant motion ['moujn] — находится в постоян­
ном движении
1 and in plants and animals as well — а также в расте­
ниях н животных
4 just [d3ASt] as — точно так же, как
27
 3. Say how water is in constant motion.
4. Where does the rain come from?

LITTLE THINGS

Little drops of water.

Little grains of sand,1
Make the deepest ocean
And the driest land.

RIVERS AND SEAS

We have all seen rivers, but let us have a look2

at a river again. You see it is filled with* water.
But ponds and pools are filled with water too.
Now, what is the difference between a river
and a pool? Can anybody tell me? The difference
is this. The water in a pool or pond stands still.
But the water in a river is running water.4
It runs day after day, week after week, month
after month, year after year. It never stops and
the river does not run dry.5
Why is that so? Do rivers ever run dry? No,
they never run dry. But sometimes there is much
water in them, and sometimes very little. When
is it? Rivers have very much water after heavy
rains. And they have very little water after hot
weather.
Where do rivers flow?

1 grains of sand — песчинки

1 let us have a look — давайте взглянем
* it is filled with — она наполнена
4 running water — проточная вода
1 does not run dry — не пересыхает
2»
 All rivers flow into the sea, or ocean. The sea
is lower than the land. All rivers run to the sea
and carry their waters into it.
How nice it is to swim in the sea!
Sometimes you forget, you open your mouth
and water gets into it. I wonder1 how you like
the taste of sea-water! Sea-water is salty. The
salt is from the earth. Springs and rivers carry it
to the sea. When the sun draws up the water
from the sea, the salt remains in the sea.
Then the water becomes clouds. Soon it falls
as rain, and gets into the rivers again.
So the sea is gettin g2 saltier and saltier.

Questions:
1. W hat is the difference between a river and a pool?
2. Do rivers ever run dry? Why not?
3. When do they have much water in them and when
very little?
4. Where do rivers flow?
5. What can you say about sea-water?
6. Where does the salt come from?1

Can You Answer?

Do you know that water plays an important part in our
life?
Can you name the different forms in which we see
water? The first letter of each answer word is already given
to help you.

1. When water falls from the sky, we call it r...

2. When water falls in white flakes, we call it s...

1 I wonder ['wAndd] — интересно

2 is getting — становится
* Where does the salt come from? — Откуда берется соль?
29
 8. When water makes drops on the grass, we call it
d...
4. When water freezes, we call it i...
5. When water falls in little icty balls, we call it h...
6. When water looks white and fluffy in the sky, we
call it a c...
7. When water makes air look smoky and feel wet,
we call it f...
8. When water flows along the surface of land, we
call it a r...
9. When a cloud rises from boiling water,1 we call it
8 ...
10. When water comes from crying eyes,1 we call it
t...
11. Most water is salty and it is in the o...
(The answers are on page 43)

WORK
“I am busy,” said the sea.
“I am busy. Think of me,
Making continents to be.
I am busy,” said the sea.
“I am busy,” said the rain.
“When I fall, it is not in vain;*
Wait and you will see the grain.
I am busy,” said the rain.
“I am busy,” said the air.
“Blowing here and blowing there,
Up and down and everywhere.
I am busy,” said the air.

1 boiling ['boiltrjl water ['worts] — калящая вода

* crying [ Iran)] eye* [aiz] — плачущие глава
' not in vain [vem]— не напрасно
SO
 “I am busy,” said the sun.
“All my planets, every one,
Know my work is never done.1
I am busy,” said the sun.

ON THE SEASHORE

What fun it is2 to swim in the sea and then to

play on the sand, to run about on the shore in
the sun or to look for sea shells and animals.
There are many shells on the seashore — pink
shells, white shells, shells of many colours. These
shells were once the homes of little animals of
the sea. Some shells are all in one piece.3 Other
shells have two parts.
There are many animals on the seashore too.
Let us read about them.

THE STARFISH4

Bob and Mary live at the

seaside. They like to play in
the sand or to gather shells.
“Ck>me here, Bob!” cries
Mary.
“What is it?” cries her
brother.
“There is a starfish here,” answers Mary.
Bob comes up to her.
1 is never done [d\n] — никогда не кончается
1 what fan it is — как интересно
1 all in one piece — цельные, состоящие из одной части
4 starfish — морская звезда
Э1
 “Yes, indeed. It is the five-finger1 starfish,”
he says.
“What does it walk on, Bob?” asks Mary.
“I don't know,” says he, “but here is Father.
Let us ask him.”
The children’s father takes the starfish and
lays it on its back.
“These are the animal’s feet. But they are not
only feet on which it walks, but its hands too.
Look,” he says, “this is its mouth. Its food is
oysters and other sea shells. But look at the spot
at the end of each of the arms. This is the eye of
the starfish. It has an eye at the end of each
arm, so it can see all around.”

THE JELLY-FISH2

Sometimes when you walk along the seashore

you can see jelly-like masses’ on the sand. Some
are like saucers, some larger, and some smaller.
We call them jelly-fishes, because their body is
like jelly or the white of an egg.4
But they are not fishes,
though like fishes they live
in water.
A jelly-fish is round and
looks like an umbrella. It
has ribbon-like6 arms.
There are four of them.

1 five-finger — здесь пятипалая

* jelly-fleh [ '(tyelifin — медуза
* jelly-like мин — желеподобные массы
4 the white of an egg — яичный белок
* ribbon-like — похожие на ленты, лентообразные
32
With them it gathers its food. It is interesting to
know that the food of this soft jelly-fish is crabs
and other hard-shelled1 animals.

THE CRAB2

The crab lives at the sea bottom near the

shore. If you look at one, youwill seemany won­
derful things in it. It has ahard shell. The crab
is grey or brown when it is
alive, but when it is boiled*
it becomes bright red in
colour. The food of crabs is
fish and other animals
which they find on the sea
bottom. The crab has no
bones inside its body. Its
hard shell takes the place of4 bones. You must
know that the crab likes to fight very much. It
has five pairs of legs. In the fight it uses the
first pair. And if it is beaten,6 the crab runs
away on its other eight legs.
If in the fight one of its legs is broken,6 that
does not trouble the crab. By and by7 a new leg
will grow in its place. But there is a time when
the crab is afraid of everybody. This is when it is
changing its shell.
1 bard-abelled — покрытые панцирем, защищенные скор­
лупой
1 crab — краб
* when it ii boiled — когда его сварят
4 take* tbe place of — заменяет
* if it is beaten — если его побеждают
* i i broken — окажется сломанной
T by and by — постепенно, со временем
 Every year the crab grows larger and its shell
gets too small for it. At last the crab has to cast
it off.
Then it lies under a stone and it stays there
till its new shell grows.

THE LOBSTER1

The lobster lives under water among the rocks

near the shore. It is covered2 all over with a hard
shell.
When it is little,
its shell is little
too. The lobster
grows very fast,
but its shell does
not grow at all and
soon it becomes too small for its body. Then the
lobster 8tops eating, and it hides itself in a hole
among the rocks. In a short time its body be­
comes so thin that it has much place in its shell.
This is just what it wants. And now it begins a
great struggle to get out of its shell. It twists
and wriggles with all its might until it gets out
of its shell. After that the lobster rests in its
hole. A new shellbegins to grow. When a new
shell is ready, it comes out of its hiding-place
stronger than ever. *
During the first year of its life the lobster
grows so fast that it has to get six new shells. In
the second year it gets the same number.

1 lobster — омар
1 ia covered [IcAvod] — покрыт
S4
 After that it does not grow so quickly and in
its third year it changes its shell only four times.
Three new suits are enough for it in its fourth
year. And now, when it has grown older, it is
less fond of new clothes, and it has one suit each
year for the rest of its life.
Lobsters are great fighters. Sometimes in a
battle, when it hurts one of its claws, it breaks
off the injured1 claw. The loss of a claw is not
very serious for it as in a short time a new claw
begins to grow at the place of the old one.
Next time the lobster changes its shell, the
new claw is ready for use once more, but it never
grows as large as the others.

THE SPONGE2

I
“I wonder,”3 says Tom one morning, “I wonder
what sponges are made of.”4
“If you want to know all about sponges," says
his mother, “ask your Uncle Will, he knows all
about them, and he will be glad to tell you.”
That afternoon Tom goes to Uncle Will and
asks him to tell him something about sponges.
“Oh, sponges are wonderful little animals,”
says Uncle Will.
“Animals!” cries Tom, “are sponges really ani­
mals, uncle?”

1 injured ['ind39d] — поврежденный .

1 sponge [врмкЭД — губка
3 I wonder — интересно
4 what sponges are made of — на чего делаются губки
38
 “The part you use1 is the bones of the animal.
We call it the skeleton,” says Uncle Will. “The ani­
mal lives at the bottom of the sea. When it is alive,
it doesn’t look like the skeleton which we use.
“Run into the house, my boy, and bring a
sponge. Bring a big one,2 and we shall look at
it,” says Uncle Will.
When Tom comes back with a big sponge, his
uncle tells him that in the living animal the skele­
ton is covered with flesh8 like the white of an egg.
“Sponges,” says Uncle Will, “live near rocks,
at the bottom of the ocean. They are large and
small, round and hollow. They are of all colours
too — yellow, red and green.”
“What is the food of the sponge?” Tom asks.
“First of all,” says Uncle Will, “where is its
mouth?”
“I think these holes or pores are the mouths of
the animal,” says Tom.
“You are right. These pores are the animal’s
mouths: and all day and every day they are
busy,”4 says Uncle Will.
П
“If you look at a living sponge,” says Uncle
Will, *Vou will see that water goes through the
smaller pores and comes out again through larger
ones.5 from the water the sponge gathers very
small animals and plants. These are its food.”

1 the part you nee — то, чем ты моешься

* a big one “ a big sponge
* in the living animal the skeleton is covered with flesh —
при жнзни скелет животного покрыт мясистой массой
* all day and every day they are busy [Ъш] — они целы­
ми днями работают
1 larger ones ■ larger pores
 “How do people gather sponges, Uncle?” asks
Tom.
“When the water ie not deep, they are torn1
from the rocks by a fork on a long pole. But in
deep waters, men dive to the bottom of the sea
from boate.”
“What do they do to take the flesh off the ani­
mal?” Tom now asks.
“They lay the sponges in the sun for some
hours,” says his uncle. “Then they put them into
water again. The flesh soon drops off and then
the 8pongee are dried2 in the sun.”
“I think they live only in warm waters,” says
Tom.
“Sponges live in all waters, hot and cold, fresh
and salt,” says his uncle. “But the best and the
largest ones come from the seas around hot coun­
tries.”

BEST OF ALL
1 like to paddle in the sea,
To dig the yellow sand.
I like to look for little shells
And listen to the band.8
I like to walk along the shore
And watch the seagulls fly.4
I like the wind that blows my kite
Away up in the sky.
1 they are torn — их отрывают
2 the sponge* are dried — губки сушат
* the band — оркестр (летом на пляже часто играет весе­
лая музыка)
4 and watch the seagulls fly — и смотреть, как летают
чайки
37
But beet of all, when in my bed
Quiet and still I keep,1
I like to listen to the waves
That lull me off to sleep.2

THE FISH*

All fish live in water.

Some fish live in the sea,
some live in rivers, lakes
and ponds.
Some fish are very
large, some very small.
The shark can be as long as
your classroom. Others
are even smaller than
your little finger.
A fish moves its tail
from side to side and
swims in the water. Its
tail is its propeller.
Some fish eat plants
or smaller fish under the

1when in my bed quiet

flcwawt] and still I keep —
когда я тихо н спокойно ле­
жу в кровати
*that lull me off to sleep —
которые меня убаюкивают
*fish — рыба, рыбы (это сло­
во во множ. числе не наме-
няется, если речь идет о ры­
бах вообще, а не об отдель­
ных рыбках
water. Others eat flies and insects that are on
top of the water.
There are many kinds of fish in our rivers and
seas, but in this book you will read about the
most interesting ones.

A LUMINOUS FISH1

This fish can

make a bright light.
It lives deep down in
the sea where there
is no light from the
sun. It has hundreds
of shining spots on
its skin. These sp6ts
give lights of many
colours.
When a fish can make light we say that it is a
luminous fish. This fish has a long feeler which
floats in front of it in the dark water and helps
the fi§h to find its way.
There are many kinds of luminous fish.

Something to Tell
1. Why do w* call this fish a luminous fish?
2. Where do the luminous fish live?
3. How is the luminous fish different from other
fish?
4. What helps the luminous fish to find its way in
the dark water?
5. Are all luminous fish alike?

1 lu m in o u s fhummos] fish — светящаяся рыба

 AN ELECTRIC FISH

We call this fish the electric ray.1 It can give

you an electric shock if you take hold of it.2 The
fish is almost a yard long.* It usee its electricity
to kill the animal which it is going to eat. It
lives in deep water. There are about fifty kinds
of fish that can give electric shocks.
One fish, the electric eel,4 can give very strong
shocks. If you step on it with your bare feet, the
electric shock may knock you down.6
Alike or Different?
1. Is an electric fish the same as a luminous fish?
2. What can an electric fish do which a luminous
fish cannot?
8. What can a luminous fish do which an electric
fish cannot?
4. What does a luminous fish have which an electric
fish does not have?

A CUMBING FISH*

Do you know that there is a fish which can

climb a tree?
It lives far away in the warm waters of south­
1 electric ray — электрический скат
1 if yon take hold of it — здесь если вы до нее дотроне­
тесь
* is almost a yard [jo:d] long — достигает в длину почти
целого ярда (ярд — англ. мера длины, 8 фута — около
00 см)
4 electric eel — электрический угорь
* may knock yon down — может сбить вас с ног
' climbing [Idaimq] fish — карабкающаяся, лазающая
рыба
40
ern Asia.1 Its name is the climbing perch.2 It can
climb a tree. It does not climb very high, not
more than a few feet.* If the water dries up in
the pond where the climbing perch lives, it may
crawl to another pond that has water in it.
This fish may even live at the bottom of a
pond for many days when there is no water in it.

Something to Find
1. Find the sentence which says what the climbing
perch can do.
2. Find the sentence which says where the climbing
perch lives.
3. Find the sentence which says why it crawls from
one pond to another.

A STRANGE FISHERMAN4

There is a fish that catches its food with a

line. This little line is on its head between
its eyes. There is a little ball at the end of it.
The little fish think this ball is something
to eat.6 They come near it. Then the big fish
catches them. Isn't this fish a clever fisherman?®

1 southern Asia ['sAfon 'eijb] — южная Азия

2 perch [pa:tj] — окунь
* feet — множ. число от foot (фут — англ. мера дли­
ны, около 30 см)
4 strange fisherman — удивительный рыболов
* something to eat — что-то съедобное
6 Isn’t this fish a clever fisherman? — Правда, какой ис­
кусный рыболов эта рыбка? (Вопросы, которые начи­
наются с isn’t, по-русски лучше начинать словом
„правда...“.)
41
 Can You Answer?
1. Who is the fiaherman in the story
A Strange Fisherman?
2. How does this fiah catch its food?
3. What ia its fiehline?
4. What ia there at the end of it?
5. What do the little fiah think this ball ia?
6. What does this big fiah eat?
7. What ia the title of thia story?
8. la it a good name for the etory?

THE GOLD-FISH1

My dear little gold-fish

Hasn’t any toes.
He swims around without a sound
And bumps his hungry nose.2
He can’t get out to play with me
Nor I get in to him,*
Although I say “Come out and play,”
And he — “Come in and swim.”

Answers to Riddles on page 25

1. A cloud 3. Rain
2. The stars 4. The eun and the moon

1 gold-ftah — золотая рыбка

1 and bnmpe hia hangry noee — здесь а когда она хочет
есть, то стукается носом в стекло
* nor I get in to him — и я тоже не могу влееть к ней в
аквариум
42
 Ask and Answer!
Find in column В the right answer for each question in
column A .
A В
How many kinds of fish The basket starfish. It has
are there in the world? more than 80,000
Which is the smallest fish arms.
eaten by people?1 Yes, the shock of the elec­
Does a fish feel pain when tric eel of South
hooked?2 America is very strong.
Which kind of starfish has It can paralyse even a
the greatest number of horse.
arms? There are about 20,000
Is the shock of an electric kinds of fish in the
eel strong enough to world.
knock down a man? A fish feels very little
pain when hooked, be­
cause it has only a few
nerves around the
mouth.
The goby3 is the smallest
fish. It is just a quar­
ter of an inch long.4

Answers to Questions on page 29-30

1. rain 5. hail 9. steam
2. snow 6 . cloud 10. tears
3. dew 7. fog 11. ocean
4. ice ,8 . river

1 eaten by people — которую люди употребляют в пищу

2 when hooked — когда она попадается на крючок
3 goby ['goubi] — бычок
4 it is just a quarter [Tcwo:te] of an inch long — ее длина
всего-навсего четверть дюйма (inch — дюйм, англ. мера
длины, около 2,5 см)
ON THE GROUND

ABOUT PLANTS'

Plante have seeds, and new plants grow from

them.
Trees drop seeds, and that is how new trees
begin to grow.
The seeds of some trees are nuts. They fall to
the ground and many trees may grow from them.
The seeds of other trees have little wings.
They fly on the wind to far-away places and then
fall to the ground and begin to grow.
Some seeds from plants that grow near
streams float away in the water. Animals carry
seeds, birds carry some, even people carry some.
Every seed has a little plant inside it and food
for that plant.
Every green plant in the world begins from a
ОАдН•
DvvU
Now you know that some plants grow wild
where their seeds fall. Where there are very
many trees we have a forest. Some plants do not
grow wild. We have to plant their seeds where
we want them to grow.3 So we plant them in
parks, gardens and orchards.
1 plant [plauit] — растеаяе
1 where we want them to grow — там, где мы хотим,
чтобы они росли
 PLANT LIFE

Plante have life. We say that plants have life

because they grow. If you put a bean into the
ground, it will soon become a small bean plant.
A stone does not grow, neither does a piece of
iron.1 These have no life. But all animals and all
plants grow.
We know that plants
take in food, too. They
take in earth-food by
their roots and air-food
by their leaves.2 And
then they change it into
branches, leaves, flowers
and fruit.
So we say that plants
have life because they
grow, and because they
take in food. But we can
say that plants live be­
cause they can move too.
You know that ani­
mals can move from one
place to another. And
plants can also move. Most flowers turn to the
light, and some of them open in the morning,
and close when the sun goes down.Manyplants
can creep along the ground,and manyothers can
climb up a pole.
1 neither ['naite] does t piece of iron ['am] — и железный
брусок тоже не растет
3 ТЪеу take in earth-food by their roots and air-food by
their leaves. — С помощью корвей онн получают
питательные вещества из земли, а с помощью
листьев — из воздуха.
 You see, then, that plants have life. They
grow, they take food, and they can move.

PLANT FACTORIES

A blade of grass1 looks

very small. Most green
leaves look small, too. But
grass and leaves are really
factories, the sm allest fac­
tories in the world. They
make their food inside
them selves, and people or
animals cannot do that.
Grass and leaves use the light of the sun and
som ething from the air, they get the water from
the earth, and so they work out a kind of green
material inside themselves. We call it chloro­
phyll.2
From these things green plants make all their
food for living and growing.*
Plants cannot grow and cannot live without
sun, air and water. They cannot have chlorophyll
without these things. And w ithout chlorophyll
plants cannot make food.
So without chlorophyll there would be no
fru it,4 no vegetables and even no meat. Do you
know why? Because meat comes from animals
that eat plants.

1 t blade of g n u — травинка
1 chlorophyll [Idxafil] — хлорофилл
* for living and growing — для того чтобы жить в расти
4 there would [wud] be no fruit — не было бы фруктов
 THE LITTLE PLANT

In the heart of a seed

Buried1 deep, so deep,
A dear little plant
Lay fast asleep.
“Wake!” said the sunshine,
“And creep to the light.”
“Wake!” said the voice
Of the raindrops bright.
The little plant heard
And it rose to see
What the wonderful
Outside world might be.2

USEFUL PLANTS

COTTON*

Do you know how many useful things we get

from animals?
For our milk and butter and eggs, for our
meat, we have to thank animals. From our ani­
mal friends, too, we get our warm woollen
clothes, and the leather for our boots and shoes.
But some plants give us very useful things, too.
The cotton plant is one of them.

1 buried [*bend] — спрятанный

1 what the wonderful outside world might [mait] be —
каков может быть снаружи этот замечательный мир
* cotton [lota] — хлопок
47
 The cotton plant
grows in all warm coun­
tries. It has dark green
leaves and yellow or
pink blossoms. There is
white down1 around the
seeds. We call it cotton.
When the seeds are ripe,
the pod in which they lie
opens and the cotton
comes out. It is very
soft. The cotton is
picked from the pod and sent2 to a mill. There
people make it into* cloth, thread, rope and many
other useful things.
The seeds of the plant are also useful. There is
oil in them. The stalks of the plant are useful
too. They are made into4 paper.
So you see that the cotton plant is very useful
to man.

Questions:
1. Where does the cotton plant grow?
2. W hat can you say about its leaves and blossoms?
3. W hat do we call the white down which is around
the seeds?
4. W hat do people do with cotton when it is ripe?
5. W hat do people make of cotton?
6. Why are the seeds and the stalks of the plant use­
ful?

1 down [daun] — пух

1 the cotton is picked... and sent — хлопок собирают... и
посылают
* make it into — делают ив него
4 they are made into — из них делают
 FLAX1

We get a large part of our clothing thanks to

plants. One of these plants is flax. It grows in
nearly every country in Europe,2 as well as in
Egypt* and India. Linen4 is made from the
threads in the stem of the flax plant. So the
linen for your handkerchief was once the stem of
the flax plant. The plant grows to the height of
two feet and has blue flowers. When the flowers
fall off, a pod full of small seeds is left.6 The
seeds of the plant are also useful. From the seeds
people get oil which is used in mixing paint.
Questions:
1. Do we get a large part of our clothing thanks to
plants?
2. What are these plants?
3. Where does the flax plant grow?
4. Can you describe the flax plant?
5. What is left when the flowers fall off?
6. Are the seeds of the plant also useful?
7. What are they used for?*

WHEAT7

Do you know anything about wheat? I do, for

my father is a farmer, and he often telle me about

1 flax [flacks] — лен

1 Europe [’juarap] — Европа
1 Egypt f'irdjipt] — Египет
4 linen [ linm] — льняное полотно
4 is left — остается
* What are they need for?— Для чего они используются?
7 wheat [wi:t] — пшеница
 this useful plant. Wheat
grows in the field. When
wheat springs out of the
ground, it looks like grass.
It wants rain, wind and
warm sunshine to help it
grow and get ripe.1
. When wheat is yellow, it
is ripe. Then men come and
cut it down. The seeds of
wheat are good to eat. Men
carry them to a mill, and
there the seeds are made
into flour.2
White bread is made of
flour. Cakes are made of
that flour too. Brown bread
is made of rye.*
Questions:
1. Where does wheat grow?
2. W hat does wheat look like?
3. W hat helps it grow and get
ripe?
4. What colour is wheat when it
is ripe?
5. W hat do men make from the
seeds of wheat?
6. W hat is made of flour?

1 It wants rain... to help it grow and get ripe. — Чтобы

вырасти и'созреть, ей нужен дождь...
* the seeds are made into floor ['Паш] — на аерен делают
муку
• rye [rai] — рожь
 SUGAR

All boys and girls like sugar.

We eat sugar every day. Some­
times we eat it in the form of
sweets, sometimes we drink it in
lemonade, or tea. We like sugar
because it is sweet.
Animals, too, like sugar. If
you give a horse a lump of sugar
or a piece of sugar cane, it will eat it up at once.
Sugar comes from sugar cane. It
grows in warm countries. It looks
like corn. It is from ten to twelve
feet high.1 Sugar is made from the
juice2 of the sugar cane. People cut
the stalks of the sugar cane, take
them to a mill and put them into
machines. They press the juice out
of the stalks of the sugar cane.
In Europe and America people
get sugar from the beet-root too. You can see it
in the picture.
Questions:
1. Do you like sugar?
2. Where does sugar come
from?
3. Where does the sugar cane
grow?
4. W hat does it look like?
5. W hat is sugar made from?

1 it is from ten to twelve feet high — он достигает от десяти

до двенадцати футов в вышину (см. прим. 8 к с. 41)
1 sugar is made from the juice [d3u:sj — сахар делают не
сока
 SMILE WITH US!
A teacher asks some children in her class from
what country sugar comes. Nobody answers. She
repeats her question, but again she gets no an­
swer. She picks out a small boy and says to him:
“Now, Jack, tell the others where you get your
sugar from!”
Jack thinks a moment, and then answers,
“I am not quite sure; sometimes we get it in the
shop, but very often we borrow it from the
people who live next door!”1

TEA

I
Tea is the leaves of a plant which grows in
China, Japan,3 India and some other warm coun­
tries. It grows in Russia too. We call it the tea
plant. The leaves of the tea plant are small and
of a dark green colour.
When the plants are three years old, the
leaves are gathered.* They are gathered twice a
year, in spring and in autumn. After that people
have to do much work before the tea is ready for
use. They cut the tea leaves and dry them.
П
Every morning we like to begin our day with a
cup of tea. We drink tea every day. But only

1 next door — рядом с нами, по соседству

* C h iu ['tjama] — Китай, Japan [d^'pen] — Япония
* arc gathered fgefed] — собирают
82
three hundred years ago people in Europe did not
know anything about tea.
There is a story of an English sailor who
brought home some tea leaves as a present for
bis mother.
She told her friends about the present and
asked them for dinner to try “tea”. When her
friends came, the old woman brought in a dish
and put it on the table. There were brown leaves
of tea on it. The guests began to eat these leaves,
but, of course, nobody liked them. At that mo­
ment the sailor came in. He looked at the table,
smiled and said:
“Mother, what have you done with those tea
leaves?”
“I have boiled them as you told me to do.”
“And where is the water?”
“I threw it away, of course,” answered the
poor woman.
“Now you may throw the leaves away too,”
said her eon.
S3
 Maybe this story is only a joke. But it shows
that people in England at that time knew very
little about tea and liked to tell jokes about it.
Ш
The Chinese1 were the first people in the world
who began to grow2 tea.
We know that more than two thousand years
ago Chinese people knew and liked tea.
Nobody knows when and how they learned to
grow tea plants. There is only an old legend
about it. Here it is:
Once a man promised to the gods not to sleep for
nine years. At the end of three years he fell asleep.
When he woke up he was so angry that he cut off
his eye-lids and threw them on the ground.
A beautiful plant grew out of his eye-lids. He did
not sleep for two more years. Then again he wanted
to sleep very much. He ate some leaves from the
plant and was strong enough not to sleep.*
This is only a legend, of course. We shall
never know the name of the first man who grew
a tea plant. This plant made a drink which most
of the people in the world like so much.
Questions:
1. Where does the tea plant grow?
2. What do the leaves of the plant look like?
3. When are the leaves gathered?
4. Who were the first people in the world who began
to grow tea?
5. What legend do you know about the tea plant?

1 the Chinese [tjai'ni:z] — китайцы

1 to grow — здесь выращивать
* and was strong enongb not to sleep — в у него оказа­
лось достаточно сил, чтобы не заснуть
 COFFEE1

“What is coffee made of, mother?” asked little

Willie Brown one morning at breakfast1 when his
mother gave him a cup of coffee with sugar and
milk in it.
“Drink some of it
first,” she said, “and then
I shall tell you the story
of a cup of coffee.”
“Of course you know,”
she said after breakfast,
“that the coffee we put
into the coffee-pot is a
brown powder. We make
this powder from the cof­
fee beans. We roast the
beans, grind them in the
coffee mill and then we
have this brown powder.”
“Will you tell me now, mother, where the
beans come from?” said Willie.
“The coffee-tree,” said his mother, “grows in
hot countries. Its flowers are small and white.
They last only a day or two and then fall off. In
their place there comes the fruit. It is a red
berry. These berries look like cherries. Inside
them, there are two small seeds. These are the
coffee beans. When the fruit is quite ripe, the
berries fall off.
“There is a funny story telling us how people
learned about coffee.”

1 coffee [loft] — кофе

1 at breakfast [’brckfost] — за завтраком
 "Oh, mother, tell me
about it, please,” said
Willie.
MIt is said,”1 his mother
went on, “that a goat-herd
had a flock of goats. They
ate grass leaves and fruit
of trees on a hill-side. The
goat-herd noticed that
when the goats ate fruit of
a certain tree,3 they did
not sleep all night.
“So the goat-herd went to a prior and told him
about this.
“Some of the monks often fell asleep at
prayers.* So the prior gave them some of the
fruit to eat, and they did not sleep that day.”
“Is it a true story, mother?” asked Willie.
“I can’t say that,” she answered, “but coffee
helps us not to fall asleep: and that is why
I never give you any coffee in the evening.”
Questions:
1. W hat is coffee?
2. Where does it grow?
3. W hat colour are the flowers of the coffee-tree?
4. W hat do you know about the berries of coffee?
5. W hat is there inside the berries?
6. How do we get a brown powder from the coffee
beans?
7. W hat story did Willie’s mother tell him about cof­
fee?

1 it is said — говорят
1 of a certain tree — какого-то одного дереве
1 a t prayers [preaz] — за молитвами
66
 COCOA1

What is cocoa made from?

From the seeds of the ca­
cao-tree 3 which grows in hot
countries. The seeds are in
pods about five inches long,
somewhat like a cucumber.
Each pod has got from forty
to fifty seeds or beans.
People dry the seeds and
grind them.
What else do people make
from these seeds? They make
chocolate. It is the ground*
cocoa seeds made into a paste
with sugar.
Questions:
1. What is cocoa?
2. Where does the cacao-tree grow?
3. How many seeds are there in each pod?
4. What do people do with the seeds to make cocoa
from them?
6. What else do people make from these seeds?
6. What is chocolate?

TREES

The body of a tree is called its trunk. Many

branches grow from the trunk. Some of them go

1 cocoa fkoukoul — какао

1 cacao-tree [ka1ca:outn:] — какаовое дерево
* ground [ground] — молотый
 up into the air, some go
down into the ground. They
are called roots.
A tree eats and drinks
with its roots, and breathes
through the leaves.
In winter most trees have
no leaves. They have little
brown buds. When the warm
sun comes. in spring, these
buds open and the leaves
come out of them.
There are many kinds of
trees: oak-trees, birches, fir-
trees, pine-trees, willows,
lime-trees, beech-trees, pop­
lars and ash-trees.1 Fir-trees,
cedars,2 and pine-trees are
green in summer and in win­
ter. We call them evergreen
trees. They have no leaves,
they have long, thin needles.
Questions:
1. What do we call a trunk?
2. What do you know about the root of a tree?
3. Do trees always have leaves?
4. What do they look like in winter?
6. What kinds of trees do you know?
6. What trees do we call evergreen?

1 oak-tree ['ouktri:] — дуб; birch [bartf] — береза; fir-tree

[’fsKtri:] — ель; pine-tree — сосна; willow fwilou] — нва;
.lime-tree — липа; beech-tree — бук; poplar ['рэр1э] —
тополь; ash-tree — ясень
1 cedar fsi:<b] — кедр
 THE BIRCH-TREE
It is easy to tell birch-
trees from other trees. They
often have got a white
trunk.
As they grow, cracks ap­
pear in the bark. The
weather turns these cracks
grey or black.
There are different kinds
of birches. They all like to
grow near rivers or lakes.

THE OAK-TREE

What is this? This is a pic­

ture of an oak-tree with an
acorn. Do you know what an
acorn is? If not, I shall tell
you. It is a fruit. You think
this very strange, because you
do not eat acorns. But in some
countries acorns are very big
and sweet, and the people who
live in those countries eat
them.
Have you ever seen an oak-tree? It is a large
and strong tree with pretty leaves of a bright
green colour, you can see one of the leaves in
the picture.
The acorn is the fruit of the oak-tree. In au­
tumn all the acorns are ripe. When the first
frost comes, they fall from the tree to the
ground. What becomes of them then?
59
 Squirrels carry away some of them to their
nests. Some other animals eat them. Other
acorns lie on the ground under the leaves.
An acorn is warm there till spring comes.
Then little roots grow from it and soon there is a
little oak-tree. It will grow larger and larger eve­
ry year. But it will grow slowly. After a long
time it will be a very tall oak, with hundreds of
branches and leaves. It may live very long, for
hundreds of years.
When an oak-tree is
sawn,1 you can see many
rings on its trunk. Every
year a new ring of wood
grows outside the others.
If you count these rings,
you can tell the age of the
tree.
The wood of the oak-tree is very hard. Ships,
tables, chairs, cupboards, floors and many other
things are made of oak.
Questions:
1. What ia an oak?
2. Ia it a large or a small tree?
8. What is an acorn?
4. Do we eat acorns?
5. Are acorns small in all the countries?
6. What becomes of an acorn when it falls to the
ground?
7. How long does the oak live?
8. What do the rings of its trunk tell us about?
9. What is made of oak?

1 when an oak-tree is sawn [so:n] — когда дуб распили­

вают
 THE BEECH-TREE
The beech-tree is a tall tree with a smooth
bark. Beech wood is very hard. Axes, spades, and
hammers often have beech handles. Beech wood
can be bent,1 and it does not make splinters. Be­
sides beech wood lasts long in water. For this
reason we use it for wooden spoons.

THE WILLOW

This is a strange tree.

The top of its trunk is like
a head. Many thin twigs
grow out of its head. This
is the basket willow. The
long twigs bend very easily.
Basket-makers weave them
into baskets.

THE RUBBER-TREE2

Many of you, boys and girls, have rubber

balls. Do you know where the rubber comes
from?
It comes from rubber-trees. The sap that runs
from the trees is made into3 rubber.
The rubber-tree grows in hot countries. In the
south, where there is never any winter, it grows
very large.
1 can be bent — можно согнуть
2 rubber-tree ['глЬэЬт] — резиновое дерево
9 the вар... Is made into — из сока... делают
61
 The sap of the rub-
ber-tree is thick and
white like milk. It is
also very sticky.
People gather the
sap and heat it over
the fire. When it be­
comes dry and hard it
is rubber.
Then people take
the rubber to the
mills, where it is cut
and washed and
pressed.1
When it is dry
again, it is made into
balls, dolls, galoshes and many other things.
It is true that in our days
many things are niade not of
rubber, but of plastic. Plastic
is easier to make.2
Look around you and name
all the things which are made
of rubber. You can see some
of them in the picture.
Something to Tell
1. Where do we get wood?
2. How do we use wood?
3. You have many tools to work with wood, haven’t
you?

1 it is cat and washed and pressed — ее режут, моют и

прессуют
1 Plastic is easier to make. — Синтетические материалы
легче наготовить.
62
 Do you know their names? An
axe,1 a saw,1 a hammer,* a
plane,4 a nail.*
4. What do we do with these
tools?
We saw a board with a saw.
We drive in a nail with a
hammer.
We plane a board with a
plane.
5. What tools do you have at
home?
6. Find something in this room
made of wood.'
7. Find something made with a
hammer, a plane, a saw.

IF ALL THE SEAS WERE ONE SEA

If all the seas were one sea,
What a great sea that would be!7
And if all the trees were one tree,
What a great tree that would be!
And if all the axes were one axe,
What a great axe that would be!
1 axe [cks] — топор
* saw [so:] — пила
* hammer [Ъастпэ] — молоток
4 plane [plem] — рубанок
* nail [neil] — гвоздь
* made of wood — сделанное на дерева
7 If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that
would be! — Если бы не всех морей сделать одно, ка­
кое бы вто было большое море!
63
 And if all the men were one man,
What a great man he would be!
And if the great man took the great axe,
And cut down the great tree,
And let it fall into the great sea,
What a 8plish-8plash that would be!1

THE PINE-TREE

The pine-tree is one of

the evergreen trees. It is a
tree which has cones. Pine
cones are small and round.
Pine needles, or leaves, are
longer than those of the
fir-tree. The pine-tree does
not grow as straight as the
fir. Pine wood is used2 for
making doors, window
frames and furniture.

THE CEDAR

The cedar is one of the evergreen treee too.

The fruit of the cedar is a little black ball like a
berry. Birds often fly down and eat them. In our
country cedars grow almost everywhere. Rub a

1 Wbat a splish-splash that would bet — Какой был бы

плеск!
1 is osod [ju:zd] — используют
twig of the cedar in your hand and then smell it.
You will enjoy the fresh, rather sharp scent. All
good pencils are made of cedar wood.

WHY SOME TREES ARE EVERGREEN

I
The cold days of winter had come,1 but one
little bird could not go with the other birds to
the warm south. His2 wing was broken.’ And now
he was alone in the cold world of frost and snow.
“The forest looks warm,” thought the little
bird. “I shall ask one of the trees if I can live in
its branches till spring." So the little bird hopped
along till it came to a beautiful birch-tree.
“Beautiful Birch-tree,” said the little bird, “my
wing is broken. May I live in your branches?”
“No, no, Little Bird, I am sorry for you, but
I am not very strong,” said the birch-tree.
“Well, the oak-tree is bigger and stronger,”
thought the little bird. “I shall ask the oak to
help me.” And the little bird hopped to the oak.
“Big Oak,” said the little bird, “you are so
strong. My wing is broken. I could not fly away
with my friends. May I live in your branches till
spring time?”
“Till spring time?” said the oak. “That is a
long time. I have to think of my acorns.4 I am
sorry, but I can’t help you.”

1 had come — уже наступила

* См. прим. 3 к с. 21.
1 w ii broken — было сломано; ниже is broken — сломано
4 I have to think of my acorns. — Мне надо позаботиться
и о желудях.
65
 “Maybe the willow will be kinder to me,”
thought the little bird. MI shall go and aak her.**

П
The little bird hopped along
till he came to the willow.
“Kind Willow,** said the little
bird, “my wing is broken.
I could not fly away with the
other birds. So I am all alone.1
May I stay with you till
spring?**
M1 am sorry for you, poor Little Bird,** said
the willow. “But I must rest in the winter.
I can’t help you. Maybe some othertree can
do so.”
At that moment the little bird heard a voice,
“Come to me, Little Bird. You may stay with me
all winter. Here is the branch where my leaves
are thickest.”
It was the fir-tree. A pine-
tree stood near. It heard the
bird’s story too. So the pine-tree
said, “I shall help you to keep
warm2 when the North wind
comes, poor Little Bird.”
By and by* the North wind
came to the forest. The North
wind began to blow. Soon the

1 all alone — совсем одна

1 to keep warm — согреться
* by and by — вскоре
birch-tree, the oak and the willow stood bare. All
their leaves were on the ground. But the North
wind did not blow the leaves off the fir and the
pine-trees. They were kind to the little bird. And
since that time all the pine and fir-trees are ever­
green. They keep their green leaves all winter.
Questions:
1. Why couldn’t the little bird go to the south?
2. Where did he want to live till spring?
3. What tree did he first come to?
4. What did the birch say to him?
5. Did the oak and the willow help the little bird?
6. What trees helped him?
7. Why didn’t the North wind blow the leaves off the
pine and fir-trees?
8. What do we call the trees which keep their green
leaves all winter?

WHO LOVES THE TREES BEST?

Who loves the trees best?

“I,” said the Spring,
“Green leaves so beautiful
To them I bring.”
Who loves the trees best?
“I,” Summer said,
“I give them flowers,
White, pink and red.”
Who loves the trees best?
“I,” Autumn said.
“I give them ripe fruit,
Golden and red.”
67
 Who loves the trees best?
“I love them beet,”
White Winter answered,
“I give them rest.”

THE LITTLE FIR-TREE

A little fir-tree lived in the forest. It had

leaves like long green needles.
It was a pretty little tree, but it was not
happy.
One day it said, “I do not like needles. My
needles are hard. The birds will not nest in them.
All the other trees have leaves. I wish I had
green leaves.”1
Next day, when the little tree woke up, it had
green leaves. It was just like the other trees.
“Now I am happy,” it said.
But a goat came and ate all the green leaves.
“Oh!” said the fir-tree. “I wish I had gold
leaves. Goats do not eat gold leaves.”
Next day, when the little tree woke up, it had
gold leaves.
“How happy I ami” it said. But a man came,
took all the gold leaves and put them into a bag.
“Oh!” said the fir-tree. “I wish I had glass
leaves. Nobody will want my glass leaves.”
Next day, when the little tree woke up, it had
glass leaves.
“How happy I am!” it said. “See my leaves
shine in the sun!”2
1 I wish I bad green leaves. — Я бы хотела, чтобы у ме­
ня бьиш зеленые листья.
* See my leave* thine in the rani — Посмотрите, как
мои листья блестят на солнце!
 But suddenly a strong wind began to blow,
and broke all the glass leaves.
“Oh!” said the fir-tree. “I wish I had my
needles again. Goats do not eat them. Men do not
want them. The wind will not break them.” Then
the tree went to sleep.
Next day it had all its needles again. “Oh)
I never was so happy!” said the little fir-tree.
Answer Quickly!
1. Where did the little fir-tree live?
2. Wae it happy?
3. Why wasn’t it happy?
4. What leaves did the fir-tree wish to have?
5. Did its wish come true?1
6. What happened to its leaves?
7. Why did the fir-tree wish to have its needles
again?

THE ORCHARD2

We all like fruit very much. A garden where

fruit-trees grow is called an orchard.
We can see many fruit-trees there: apple-trees,
pear-trees, plum-trees and cherry-trees*.
In the south we can also see orange-trees,
lemon-treee, apricot-trees and peach-trees.4 In
spring we already have cherries. Summer gives us

1 to come true — сбываться

2 orchard [’3:tjed] — фруктовый сад
* apple ['aeplj-tree — яблоня, pear [pesj-tree — груша,
plum-tree — слнва, cherry-tree — вишня
4 orange ['3nnd3]-tree — апельсиновое дерево, lemon
['lemanj-tree — лимонное дерево, apricot ['eipnkot]-
tree — абрикос, peach [pi:tj]-tree — персик
 Can You Name
These Fruit
and Berries?

apricots, peaches, red,

blue and yellow plums.
Apples and pears are
ripe in autumn. In summer
we have also berries in
our garden — straw­
berries, rasp b erries,
gooseberries and cur­
rants1. Blackberries and
bilberries2 we find only
in forests. We do not
plant them. They are
wild berries.
Questions:
1. What do we call a gar­
den where fruit-trees
grow?
2. What fruit-trees can
we see in the orchard?
3. When are cherries
ripe?
4. When are apples and
pears ripe?

1 strawberries ['stnvbanz] — клубника, raspberries

['ra zbonz] — малииа, gooseberries ['guzbanz] — крыжов­
ник, currants [lovrantsj — смородина
* blackberries [’blatkbanz] —ежевика, bilberries [ЪПЬэпг] —
черника
 Can You Name
These Fruit
and Berries?

5. What fruit do you

like beet?
6. What berriee grow
in gardens?
7. Which berriee ripen
earlier, strawberries
or raspberries?
8. What colour are
strawberries? bilber­
ries? currants?
9. Name some wild ber­
ries.

THE APPLE

What is this? It is an
apple. Apples grow in
the apple-treee. Have
you ever seen flowers on
an apple-tree? It has
pretty pink and white
flowers. We call these
flowers the blossom. So
when you hear somebody
say,1 “The apple-trees
are in blossom,” you will
know that there are
flowers on them.
1 when yon hear somebody say — когда вы слышите, что
кто-нибудь говорит...
71
 In summer there are
apples on the apple-
trees.
When the apples are
quite ripe, people
gather them. It is in
autumn.
Then the leaves be­
gin to fall off the
trees, and in winter
the trees are bare. But
the snow covers them
and keeps them warm .1
In spring the trees begin to bud. In summer
we see the pretty pink and white blossoms, and
when the blossom falls off, we may see little
green balls. Then these little balls grow larger
and larger every day.
When the sun shines on them, they turn from
green to pale red, and then they become redder
and redder till they are quite ripe.
When they are ripe, you may eat them.
No kind of fruit is good to eat2 till it is ripe.

Questions:
1. Where do apples grow?
2. Are there apples on the apple-trees all the year?
3. When are apples ripe?
4. Are there leaves on the trees in winter?
5. When do the trees begin to bud?
6. What do we see on the trees in spring?

1 keeps them warm — согревает их

* no kind of fruit is good to eat — никакие фрукты не
годятся в пищу
72
 7. What is left1 on the trees when the blossom
falls off?
8. What colour are the apples first?
9. What colour are the apples when they are ripe?

APPLESEED JOHN2

John was a poor man who lived alone. “I want

to do people some good,”3 he said to himself; “but
how can I? I am old and I have so little money!”
One day he said, “I know what I shall do.” But
he did not tell anyone about it. He only worked
harder to get some more money.4
With the money* he bought apples — rosy red
apples, big yellow apples, and bright green apples.
When he ate them he saved all the cores, and
put them in a bag.
Early one morning he took the bag and a
strong stick, and walked far into the country.
“Here is a good place,” he said. He made a little
hole in the ground with his stick and planted an
apple core.
“Good-bye, little seeds!” he said. “Some day
you will be fine apple-trees.”
He planted many apple cores that day, and the
next day too. Then he went back to his work. He
worked hard and got some more money. He

1 is left — остается
J Appleseed John ['®plsi:d ld^on] — Джон по прозвищу
„Яблочное семечко44
3 to do people some good — принести людям пользу
4 to get some more money — чтобы подзаработать хоть
немного денег
* with the money — на эти деньги
73
worked hard and got some more money. He
bought more apples, and when hie bag was again
full of coree, he went to plant them.
People began to know him.
“You will not see the apples,” they said.
“Trees grow slowly.”
Old John only laughed.
“Yes,” he said. “But someone must plant the
seeds before others eat the fruit.”
He sometimes stayed at farms and told the
children merry stories. Everybody loved him, and
when he went away they said, “Good-bye, come
again, dear old Appleseed John!”
So the years went by, and the old man died.
“I have done a little good,1 I think,” he said as
he closed his eyes.
In that country today you will see many, many
apple-trees. If you ask why there are so many
trees there, people will say, “Oh! old Appleseed
John planted them long, long ago.” And then
they will tell you the story.
Can You Tell?
1. Was John a poor old man?
2. Did he live alone?
3. What did he want to do for people?
4. What did he do with hie money?
б. What apples did he buy?
б. Where did he go one day?
7. What did he do in the country?
8. What did people say to him?
9. What did he answer to them?
10. Did Appleseed John plant many apple-trees?

1 I have done [<1лл] i little good — я правее кое-какую

пользу
74
 ROSY APPLES
How lovely are apple-trees
On a sunny spring day!
But the garden in autumn,
It also looks gay.
The apples are ripe then,
All rosy and sweet,
So pretty to look at
And lovely to eat!1

A PEAR-TREE
When George2 was a little boy, his father gave
him an axe. Little George went into the garden
and tried his axe on a pear-tree. The tree was
spoiled.3 It was the tree which his father liked
best.
When George’s father saw it, he was very sad.
He asked everybody in the house, “Who has done
it?” Then George came in and his father said,
“George, who has spoiled my pear-tree?” For a
moment George did not say a word. There were
tears in his eyes. He looked up into his father’s
face and answered, “I can’t tell a lie, father, you
know I can’t; it was I who cut the tree with my
nxe.”
His father took him in hie arms4 and said to
him, “You did not tell me a lie, my dear boy, and
that is better than a thousand pear-trees.”
1 so pretty to look at and lovely [*L\vli] to eat — такне
красивые на вид и замечательные на вкус
2 George [djordj] — Джордж
‘ « и spoiled — было повреждено
* took him in hie arms — обнял его
78
 BE TRUE!

Listen, my boy, I’ve a word for you;

And this is the word: Be true! be true!
At work or at play, in darkness or light
Be true, be true and stand for the right.1
And you, little girl, I’ve a word for you;
It’s the very same: Be true! be true!
For truth is the sun, and falsehood the night.
Be true, little girl, and stand for the right.

TROPICAL FRUIT

Well-known tropical fruit are avocados, man­

gos, bananas, peaches, pineapples, grapes,
lemons and oranges.1
The avocado-tree is a native of the West
Indies* and Central America. Today Mexico4 is
the largest grower of avocados for sale through­
out the world.
Other names for the avocado are avocado pear,
because of the fruit’s shape, and alligator pear,
because of its rough skin.
The mango-tree grows in most tropical coun­
tries. Its fruit is sweet and juicy.

1 stand for the right — стой aa правду

1 avocado [^evo(u)lca:doul — авокадо, mango ['maggou] —
манго, banana (botaiiaij — банан, peach [pi:tj] — персик,
pine-apple fpan^spll — ананас, grapea [grapel — вино­
град, lemon Петэп] — лимон, orange [ эппод— апель­
син
* Weet Indies [*wcst 'mdjaz] — о-ва Вест-Индия
4 Mexico [Wknkou] — Мексика
76
 The banana-tree is a tropical
plant too. Bananas hang in
bunches which often weigh
about fifty pounds.1
The peach-tree is a native of
China. Ancient Chinese writers
called it “the tree of life”.
People thought that if peaches
were in a house, they brought
both health and long life. Peach­
es contain a lot of vitamins.
Pine-apples are now grown in
most parte of the world. They
are called pine-apples because the fruit resembles in
shape the cones of the pine-tree.
Grapes are not the same. There are table
grapes that are eaten fresh, raisin grapes, juice
grapes, and grapes which are used to make wine.
Grapes can be purple, green, black, blue,
golden, red and white.
The lemon-tree is now grown in all warm
countries.
Citric acid2 is got from lemon juice.
The orange-tree grows in the south. It is a
fine tall tree with shining* green leaves. It is
covered at the same time4 with white flowers and
with golden fruit.
The orange-tree lives very long, and it gives
fruit more than four hundred years. One tree can
give twenty-five thousand oranges.

1 pound [paund] — фунт (англ. мера веса, около 454/)

1 citric [ srtrik] add [besid] — лимонная кислота
1 shining — блестящие
4 it is covered flcAvaid] at the same time — оно одновре­
менно бывает покрыто
 The fruit does not ripen till spring, and it is
on the tree till the blossoms of another crop.
When oranges are ripe, they are sweet and
good to eat.1
Questions:
1. What kinds of tropical fruit do you know?
2. Where ie the avocado-tree native?
3. What country is the largest grower of avocados
now?
4. What are other names for the avocado?
5. What do you know about the mango-tree?
6 . How do bananas grow?
7. What is the weight of a bunch of the fruit?
8. What is the native home of the peach-tree?
9. How did ancient Chinese writers call the peach-
tree? Why?
10. Why are pine-apples called so?
11. What kinds of grapes do you know?
12. What colour can grapes be?
13. What acid is got from lemon juice?
14. What does the orange-tree look like?
15. How long does the tree live?
16. How many oranges can one tree give?
17. When do oranges ripen?
18. What are oranges like when they are ripe?

A Game of Words
These are twisted spellings.*
Can you spell the words correctly?
Here are the names of eight fruits.
What are they?

1 good to eat — вкусные

* twisted spellings — слова, в которых перепутаны
буквы
78
 1. reap 5. cheap
2. emlon 6. rnogae
8. lump 7. tocarpi
4. palep 8. rechyr

(Axieqa *;ooude ‘в9шмо ‘qoeed ‘«{dde ‘urajd ‘поше{ ‘JBej)

A CLEVER ANSWER

A boy once went into a shop to buy some oran­

ges. He said to the ehopman, “Please give me a
lot of oranges for five pence."1
When the shopman gave him the oranges, the
boy counted them and then said, “My mother
bought some oranges here last week, and she also
paid you five pence, but ehe got more than I.
Why did you give me so few?”
“Don't ask que8tion8,” said the shopman in an
angry voice. I am a busy man and have little
f i m o fn wflfltp
“I am sorry, sir,”* said the little boy, “but...”
“It’s quite all right,4 my boy,” said the
shopman. “Don’t you understand?4 The fewer or­
anges you get, the lese you will have to carry.”®

1 pence [pens] — инож. число от penny — пенни (англ.

мелкая монета)
2 I ... have little time to waste — я... не могу терять вре­
мени
3 sir [зэ:1 — cap (вежливое обращение к мужчине)
4 it’s quite all right [raitl — все в порядке
‘ Don’t you tandentand? — Неужели ты не понимаешь?
1 The fewer ['fju:s] oranges you get, the less yon will hare
to carry. — Чем меньше ты купишь апельсинов, тем
легче тебе будет нести.
7»
 “Very well,” said the boy, and he put four
pennies1 on the counter. Then he turned to go.
“Come back!” cried the shopman. “This is not
enough money.”
“That’s quite all right,” said the boy. “Don’t
you understand? The fewer pennies you get, the
less you will have to count.”

IN THE GARDEN

MARY: There we a re in the garden.

ANN: What old trees there are! You have
many fruit-trees. I see apple-trees, pear-
trees, plum-trees, cherry-trees. Look at
that apple-tree! Does it always give so
much fruit?
MARY: Not so much as this year. But let’s go to
my vegetable garden.2 I think you will
like it, too.
ANN: Oh, what a nice vegetable garden you
have! There are all kinds of vegetables
here, such as cabbage, carrots, tomatoes,
cucumbers, potatoes, turnips, radishes,
peas and beet.* They are all very good to
eat.

1 pennies ['pemz] — множ. число от penny. Существитель­

ное penny имеет две формы множ. числа: репсе (если
речь идет о денежной сумме) и pennies (если речь идет
об отдельных монетах)
1 vegetable [Vedjitobl] garden — огород
* cabbage ['кжЬкЗД — капуста, carrots [luerats] —
морковь, tomato [td'ma:tou] — помидор, cucumber
[Icjirkamba] — огурец, potatoes [pa'tcitouz] — картофель,
turnip [Ъ:шр] — репа, radishes ['nedijiz] — редиска,
peas [pi:z] — горох, beet [bi:t] — свекла
80
MARY: Soon we shall gather in the crop.1 The
tomatoes in these beds2 are quite ripe.
ANN: Oh, how nice it is to have such a good
crop. But you worked much in spring
and in summer, didn’t you?

MARY: Of course, we did.

POTATOES

In the reign of Queen Elizabeth* two plants

were brought to England, for the first time, by
sir Walter Raleigh4 — the tobacco-plant and the

1 gather In the crop — собирать урожай

1 beds — здесь грядки
1 Queen Elisabeth [э'1аэЬэ6] — Елизавета, английская ко­
ролева (1558—1608)
4 Walter Raleigh [*wxlta ’rodi] — Уолтер Роли, англий­
ский мореплаватель (1552—1618)
potato. Sir Walter had sailed across the seas to
America in search of new lands; and he brought
back both these plants with him.
At first people did not like the potato at all.
Nobody wished to eat it. Yet Sir Walter told
them how useful it would be. He said that when
the corn-harvest was not good, people need not
starve if they had a lot of potatoes.
Queen Elizabeth listened to what Sir Walter
said, and had potatoes served up at her own
table.1 The people who dined with her majesty
were obliged to eat them. But they said that the
potato was poisonous, because it belongs to many
other poisonous plants. So nobody wanted to eat
potatoes, and they were left for the pigs.
The people did not find out their mistake till
many years afterwards. The poor potato was for­
gotten till the reign of the French Ring
Louis XVI,s when there lived a Frenchman who
grew plants for food. He was sure that he could
make the potato a great help to the country.
People laughed at him at first and did not want
to take any notice* of what he said. But he went
on growing the potato till it was very good. Even
then no one wanted to taste it till the king said
that potatoes were good to eat. The king had
large pieces of ground planted with potatoes, and
he went about with the flower of the potato in
his button-hole. Soon people began to find out

1 and had potatoes served up at her own table — за ее

столом подавали картофель
1 Louie [lu:i] XVI — Людовик XVI, французский король
(1764—1708)
* to take any notice fnoutn] — замечать
82
how good and wholesome potatoes were, and they
liked them more and more. Now there is hardly
any vegetable that is more loved by people.
Questions:
1. What were the two plants which Walter
Raleigh brought to England?
2. Where did he bring them from?
3. Did people like the potato at once?
4. When did Raleigh say the potato would be most
useful?
5. Where were the people obliged to eat potatoes?
6. What did they say about the potato plant?
7. What were potatoes then left for?
8. Who showed people their mistake?
9. What French king said that potatoes were good to
eat?
10. Soon people found out how good and wholesome
potatoes were, didn’t they?

FLOWERS

Now, boys and girls, let us go to the garden,

to the forest or the field.
How many flowers you will see there! Every
month of spring and summer brings us some new
flowers.
In April we have violets and snow-drops.1 In
May we have dandelions, lilies-of-the-valley and
lilac.2

1 violet [Vaolit] — фиалка, enow-drop ['snoudrap] — под­

снежник
2 dandelion fdacndilaon] — одуванчик, liliee-of-the-valley
['liliz av fovsli] ландыши, lilac ['laxbk] — сирень
 In June we have roses, lilies,
daffodils, tulips, and bluebells.1
In July we have forget-me-
nots, corn-flowers and pinks.2
In summer we like to pick
flowers and make them into
bunches.
Flowers are beautiful.
The roses are red, pink, white
Lilac and yellow. So are the tulips.*
The violet is purple. The dan­
delion is yellow, and it looks like
a little sun.
The enow-drop is white. The
bluebell is blue, and it is like a
little bell.

HABITS OF FLOWERS

Nearly all flowers turn to­

wards the light. We can see it by
Pinks watching plants that stand near
a window. The flowers will all
bend towards the light if the
pots always stand in the same
position.

1 rose [rouz] — роза, lily ['lib] — яв­

ляя, daffodil fdsfsdil] — вардвос,
tnlip ftju:lip] — тюльпан, bluebells
[*blu:belz] — колокольчики
* forget-me-not [fb'getnunat] — неза­
будка, corn-flower [Тсэ:пЯаиэ] — ва­
силек, pink — гвоздика
Dandelions * So are the tulips. — И тюльпаны
тоже.
 Some flowers shut themselves
up at night, as if they are going
to sleep, and open again in the
morning. This is the case with
tulips.
The little daisy is also one of
the flowers that close at night,
but it is as beautiful and bright
as ever when it awakes in the
morning. Lilies-
It is said1 that this flower was of-the-valley
at first called day’s eye, because
it opens its eye at the dawn of
day, and that afterwards the
name became daisy.
The golden flowers of the
dandelion are shut up2 every
night. In places where the sun is
very hot the dandelion shuts it­
self up even during the day.
Some flowers hang down their
heads at night, as if they nod in
their sleep. But in the morning Corn-flowers
they lift them up again to wel­
come the light.
Other flowers have a particu­
lar time to open. The evening
primrose, for example, does not
open till evening.
Each flower has its own sea­
son and its time to open.

1 it is said [sed] — говорят Roses

2 are shat op — закрываются
 COLOURS

What is pink? A rose is pink

By the fountain’s brink.1
What is red? A tulip is red
1ц its nice soft bed.
What is blue? The sky is blue
Where the clouds float through.2
What is white? A swan is white
Sailing in the light.*
What is violet? Clouds are violet
In the summer twilight.
What is orange? Why,4 an orange,
Just an orange!

THE DANDELION

A dandelion yellow as gold,

What do you do all day?
I just wait here in the tall green grass
Till the children come to play.

1 by the fountain's ['fauntmz] brink — у фонтана (имеется

в виду чаша фонтана)
* where the clouds float through [Oru:] — по которому
проплывают облака
* sailing in the light — когда он плывет при ярком сол­
нечном свете
4 why — здесь ну конечно же
86
 A dandelion yellow aa gold,
What do you do all night?
I wait and wait till the cold dew falls1
And my hair grows long and white.
And what do you do when your hair is white
And the children come to play?
They take me up in their little hands
And blow my hair away.

GARDEN TOOLS

There is much work to do1 in the garden, and

we must have many tools for this work.
In spring we must dig and rake the ground in the
garden. We dig with a spade and rake with a rake.
Then we plant the vegetable and flower seeds.
Then we water the seeds. We must have a water­
ing-can to carry the water in it.
In summer we must weed vegetable and flower
beds.
If we look after the garden well, in autumn we
shall have many vegetables and flowers.
Qnestions:
1. Ie there a garden near your house?
2. What fruit and vegetables grow in your garden?
8. .Are there any flowers there?
4. Do you work in your garden?
5. What can you do with a spade and a rake?
6. When do you dig the ground in the garden?

1 till the cold dew [dju:] falls — пока не выпадет холод­

ная роса
1 much work to do — много работы
87
 7. What else do you do in the garden in spring?
8. What do you do in the garden in summer?
9. What must you have to carry the water?

RIDDLES
Here are some riddles for fu n . Try and guess!

1. I am tall. I am green.
In the woods I can be seen.1
What am I?

2. I am made of wood. I have four legs. People sit on me.

I am ...
3. What is that which has a mouth, but never speaks, and
a bed, but never sleeps in it?

4. A little, little man

In a red, red coat,
A stick in his hand
And a stone in his throat.

(The answers are on page 92)

1 I can be seen — меня можно увидеть

 See how many tools in the pictures on this page and
on page 63 you can name in English.
Picture Puzzle1

1 picture puzzle ['pAzl] — картинка-загадка

UNDER THE GROUND

THE STORY OF COAL1

I
You think that I am only a hard black lump of
coal and that my story is dull; but my life is full
of wonderful things.
I am old, so old that you cannot count. I began
to live many thousands of years ago. Once I was
a little tree and lived near another tree in a fo­
rest by the sea. This tree was not like the trees
that you know. It was very tall. Many other little
trees grew near me.
/The forest was a wet place. Our roots were in
the water. It was dark under the great trees, but
we tried to grow. One day the sea came to that
place. Slowly the salt water came up to our roots
and killed them. The tall trees fell down over us.
Then the sea brought sand and mud and cov­
ered us.
Years went on.2 At last the sea went away
again, but great rocks were over us. More years
passed — hundreds of them. I was very old. We
did not know anything about the world above us.
But once the root of a tree came to us. It told us

1 coal [koul] — уголь

1 went on — шли
90
wonderful stori ев. An­
other great forest had
grown1 over our heads.
The trees there were
large and beautiful.
One day I heard a
sound. I listened again
and heard the “pick,
pick, pick”2 against the
stones.
Suddenly I saw the
sun. How glad I was to
see the sun! But now
I was hard and black.
I was very unhappy.
“Coal!” I heard
somebody’s joyful voice.
“We have found coal!”
Was it true that I, so
hard and so black, could
make people happy?
Yes, it was true.
II
Most boys and girls know that coal is a black
rock. It burns. They know, too, that coal is dug 3
out of the ground. The people who dig it out of
the ground are called miners.
We use coal as fuel. It warms our houses,
when the weather is cold. It helps us to cook our
food. Not very long ago only coal was used in all

1 had grown [groun] — вырос

1 pick, pick — стук-стук (подражание стуку молотка)
3 is dog — добывают
sorts of steam-engines.1 Steam-engines drew car­
riages; big ships were mostly2 steam-ships. Now
we very often use electricity instead of* coal, but
we still need coal, too.
Do Yon Remember?
1. What is the story about?
2. Did coal begin to live very long ago?
8. What was it once?
4. Where did the tree live?
5. Was the forest wet?
6. What came to that place once?
7. What happened to the trees?
8. Did they become coal in many years?
9. What is coal?
10. How do we use it?

Answers to Riddles on page 88

1. A tree 8. A river
2. A chair 4. A cherry

IRON4

Iron is a kind of metal. It is hard. No other

metal is so hard as iron.
People find iron in the ground. When it is
taken out of the ground,6 it looks like stones —
red, or brown, or black.
1 was used in all sorts of eteam-enginee — находил при­
менение во всевозможных паровых двигателях
1 mostly — главным образом
* instead of [m'stedsv] — вместо
4 iron ['aien] — железо
' when it is taken ont of the ground — когда его навле­
кают на поверхность
аз
 These stones are called iron ore.1 Iron in them
is mixed2 with earth and many other things too.
People have to take all these things away from
it; then iron is ready for use.
Nails, horse-ehoes and many other things are
made of iron. Steel is made of iron. Steel is much
prettier than iron. It is much brighter, but it is
not so strong. Scissors, knives, forks and many
other things are made of steel. And they are very
useful.
Questions:
1. W hat is iron?
2. Is it hard or soft?
8. Where do people find it?
4. W hat does it look like?
5. W hat do people call these
stones?
6. W hat do people make
from iron?
7. W hat do you know about
steel?

What Colour Is It?

Redd these words and choose the words that go to­
gether. Make up sentences with them.

snow black
grass blue
coal green
the sky yellow
a dandelion white

1 are called iron ore [a] — называются железной рудой

1 is mixed — смешано (содержит примеси)
 GOLD AND SILVER1

Gold and silver are metals. Metals are got out2

of the earth. Gold is a very precious metal, be­
cause it is very rare and difficult to get; also
because it is lasting and very beautiful.
Gold is found3 in dust and in lumps called
nuggets. Gold is pretty and bright; it is yellow.
But when it is dug out of the earth, it is not
bright. It is of a dull brown colour. Dust is
found in the beds of rivers, and nuggets are
mixed with a hard rock.
Silver is remarkable for its pure white colour
and its brightness. When it is dug out of the
earth, it is mixed with stones. In that state a
metal is called an ore. Silver is got4 from the ore
by melting.
But metals are not the only things which are
dug out of the earth. Marble, granite and chalk
are also got out of the earth.
Questions:
1. What are gold and silver?
2. Where do people find them?
3. Why is gold so precious a metal?
4. In what forms is gold found?
5. What colour is gold when it is dug out of the
earth?
6. What is silver remarkable for?
7. In what state is silver when it is dug out of the
earth?

1 gold [gould] and silver [’silvo] — золото и серебро

1 metal* are got out — металлы добывают
* gold is found [faund] — золото находят
4 silver is got — серебро получают
94
 8. What is a metal in that state called?
9. How ia silver got from the ore?

GRANITE1

The earth on which we live is a great ball of

rock. You can often see the rock in cliffs.
There are many different kinds of rock, some
are hard and others soft. There are red, yellow,
brown, black, white and even green rocks. Some
are very dull, others sparkle like sugar.
Inside the earth it is very hot and sometimes
the rocks there get hot2 and melt. Then they may
cool off and become solid again.
Some rocks are very hard, and if you break
them, they sparkle as the light shines on them.
This is because they are made up of crystals.* One
of these rocks is granite. It is so hard that people
use it to build houses and monuments. Some of
the crystals in granite are large, some small. Some
are pink, some white and some black.
Is It True?
Read these sentences and say which of them are true
and which are not.

1. We can often see rocks in clLffs.

2. All the rocks are hard.
3. There are rocks of different colours.

1 granite [’gnenit] — гранит

2 get hot — нагреваются
3 they are made up of crystals [Icristelz] — они состоят из
кристаллов
96
 4. Rocks do not sparkle.
5. Granite is one of the rocks.
6. It is made up of crystals.
7. It is soft.

CHALK1

Chalk is a rock and it is found 2 under the

ground. Sometimes it is not deep, and sometimes
very deep. Every schoolboy and every schoolgirl
knows chalk very well.
Let us take a piece of chalk and look carefully
at it. It is white. We can break it to powder. It is
soft and you can use it for writing on the black­
board.
If you look at chalk through a microscope, you
will see that it is made up of many very small
shells.
Long, long ago the land was covered by a deep
sea .3 Many little creatures 4 lived in this sea.
When these creatures died, their shells with
the water formed a kind of mud. This went on
for many years, till the white mud was very deep
in the earth. Then a time came when the bottom
of the sea began to rise. It became dry land, and
the white mud was now a great bed of chalk .6
Isn’t it a wonderful story? And it is true.

1 chalk [tjr>:k] — мел

* it is found [faund] — его находят
* was covered [’lowad] by a deep sea —была затоплена
глубоким морем
4 little creatures ['lurtjbz] — мелкиеживыесущества
1 bed of chalk — меловой пласт
ее
 SLATE1

In some countries
school-boys and school­
girls write on sla
tes with slate-pencils .2
Slate is a kind of
stone, and it may be
grey, or green, or blue,
or red, or purple.
The history of slate
is a wonderful story.
To understand it bet­
ter, take a piece of
slate-pencil and scrape it down into a glass of
water. The powder will fall to the bottom and
form a kind of mud.
Many years ago the slate was soft mud. But
the heat of the earth and the heavy rocks made it
hard. Then rivers carried the mud to the sea.
Through time this mud was covered with sand.*
The great heat of the earth and the heavy rocks
changed it into slate.
People polish it, cut it and then it is ready to
use at school.
Questions:
1. W hat Is slate?
2. W hat colour is it?
3. W hat did it look like many years ago?
4. How do we use slate?
1 slate — сланец; slates — грифельные доски
2 slate-pencils — грифели
' Through [0ru:] time this mnd was covered with sand. —
В течение долгого времени era грязь покрывалась ело-
6М BfBXft.
А 1*ш ы IU 97
 A LESSON OF SALT1

“Oh, mother,” cried Tom

Hill, as he came home from
school, “what do you think
our teacher told us about to­
day?”
“I can’t guess,”2 said his
mother, “but I shall be glad
to hear all about it.”
“Well,” said Tom, “I shall be the teacher, and
you will be the class. But first I must have some
things on the table here, and you will sit there
on that chair — sol”
“Now,” said Tom, “do you know what this is?”
“Yes,” said his mother, “that is a piece of rock
salt.”*
“That's right,” said Tom, “and people find
this rock salt in great beds in the ground.”
“Why is it so brown?” asked his mother.
“When it is taken from the ground ,”4 Tom
said, “it is not quite pure. It is mixed6 with earth
and other things.
“Now,” Tom went on, “how do you think
people get the salt from the mines?”
“Please tell me,” said Tom's mother.
“People dig out some of it, but there is an­
other way to get it. You know that when rain
falls, it goes into the ground. If the water comes

1 salt [so; It] — соль

1 fuses [gee] — отгадать
* rock salt — каменная соль
4 when it is taken from the ground — когда ее добывают
■в земли
* it is mixed — она смешана
to a bed of rock salt, some of the salt gete into
the water. And when people dig a well there,
they can get the salt water.
“The teacher told us too,” Tom said, “that you
can get salt from the sea water.
“In warm countries people dig holes in the
ground and the water of the sea gets into them.
The heat of the sun draws the water up into the
air,1 and the salt is left3 in the ground. People
dig it out of the ground.
“I think you know,” Tom went on, “that we
cannot live without salt. We must have salt day
by day* in our food.”
“That has been a very good lesson, my boy,”
said Tom’s mother. “Thank you. Now I know all
about salt.”
A Game of Antonyms
An antonym for a word is a word that has an opposite
meaning. For example, the antonym for cold is hot.
Find an antonym for each word in Column A among the
words in column B.
Do the same with Columns С and D.
А В С D
to be glad cold first into
that's right bad to take to give
hard that’s wrong out of last
warm to be sorry day little
good soft big night

1 the heat of the son draws the water op into the air —
благодаря солнечному теплу вода испаряется (букв.
поднимается ввоздух)
1 is left — остается
1 hare salt day by day — употреблять соль ежедневно,
изо дня в день
•0
 ALL FOR YOU
The trees of the forest,
The flowers on the lea,1
The birds on the branches,
The fish of the sea;
The rocks and the mountains,
The rivers that flow,
The rain and the sunshine,
The ice and the snow;
All things that are lovely,
All thinge that are good,
The creatures that live,
And the plants that are food;
The corn-fields all yellow,
The sky of deep blue:
The sweetness and beauty
Of life are for you.

1 lea [li:] — поле

 TAKE CARE
OF THE EARTH

AIR AND WATER POLLUTION1

You have read a lot of interesting things about
the air, the sun, the sky, the clouds, the rain,
about rivers, seas and oceans. All these things
around us are parts of our environment.* Plants,
animals and people need clean land, clean water
and clean air. But .some people have not learned
how to take care of our earth. They are doing
harmful things to our land, water and even air.
They are making pollution. You can imagine what
happens to a living thing if its environment is
polluted or changed in a harmful way.*
Of course, you cannot see some of the pollu­
tion in our country, but as you read this book,
you will find out about it.
We are worried4 about water pollution in the
country. Most big cities pour their waste into
seas and rivers. For a long time people did not
understand the danger. The first alarm came
from Japan. Some sixty people died because they
had eaten polluted fish.
1 pollution [pa'lujn] — загрязнение
2 environment [m'vajaronnwnt] — окружающая среда
1 what happens to a living thing if its environment is
polluted [po'lu:tid] or changed in a harmful way — что
происходят с живым организмом, если его окружаю­
щая среда загрязнена или ей наносят вред
4 we are worried ['wAnd] — нас волнует
101
 We love rain. Rain helps our plants to grow
Mg and strong. But sometimes the rainwater is
not as clean as it could be. Man-made chemicals1
get into the air and mix with the rainwater,
making acid rain. The acid water runs into rivers
and lakes. The rivers and lakes become so acid
that fish cannot live there.
We like to go to the river, lake or sea to swim.
But if there are chemicals in the water, it is not
safe enough for swimming. If the water is pol­
luted, it can make us sick.*
Another kind of pollution is air pollution.
When there are too many harmful things in the
air, it is polluted.
People and animals need clean air with plenty
of oxygen* in it. Oxygen is added to the air by
plants.4 So you understand how important it is to
have a lot of trees, bushes and grass.
Fume from the chim­
neys of factories, gases
which are in refrigera­
tors and sprays pollute
the air. They damage the
ozone layer that covers
the earth. This layer of
gas protects us from the
dangerous rays of the
sun. There are now holes
in the ozone layer because there are too many
gases in the air.
1 man-made chemicals [*кепик(э)1г] — химические вещества,
которые образуются в результате деятельности человека
* it can make tu tick — мы можем заболеть
1 oxygen ['oks!d3(3)n] — кислород
4 Oxygen is added to the air by plants. — Кислород попа­
дает в воздух с помощью растений.
162
 With the help of sput­
niks our scientists dis­
covered two large holes in
the ozone layer. One is
over the North Pole and
the second over the South
Pole, over Antarctica. It
is very dangerous for
people as it can make
them sick.
Some people pollute
the air by smoking. Too much smoke in the air
can hurt our lungs.
The wind blows a lot of the air pollution out
to sea. Sometimes the rain helps to clean the air,
but sometimes the rain water mixes with the
gases in the air. Then the air pollution also be­
comes land and water pollution.
Air and water pollution is one of the problems
millions of people are worried about today.
Questions:
1. What is environment?
2. What water, air and land do people need?
8. How is water polluted?
4. Why ia the rainwater not always clean?
5. What is acid rain?
6. What happens with fish in the rivers and lakes
which become acid?
7. What do you know about air pollution?
8. What damages the окопе layer that covers the
earth?
9. What does the ozone layer protect us from?
10. What are there in the ozone layer now?
11. Why are the holes in the ozone layer dangerous
for people?
12. Do you have air pollution in your city?
toa
 WATER RIDDLES
Which words art the best answers to the riddlest

ocean swimming pool

clean water pond
salt well

1. I am wet. All living things need me. All plants,

animals and people will die without me. What
am I?
2. I have been under the ground for many years.
Water for the people is in me. What am I?
3. People like to swim in me. Big boats sail on me,
too. I am very pretty. What am I?
4. Wild water birds like to be on me. I am very beauti­
ful. You can walk around me and see many plants
and birds. What am I?

AIR AND LAND POLLUTION

The planet Earth is our common home. Every­

thing is connected1 on the earth. If something goes
wrong* in some part of the world, everybody suf­
fers. People’s activities can make the environment
unhealthy. If they are doing harmful things to our
land, they are making pollution. Too many people
making too much pollution will hurt the country.
People are producing too many gases and be­
cause of that the earth is getting hotter. These

1 everything is connected [ks'nektid] — все связано

1 if something goes wrong [год] — если что-нибудь слу-
чается
104
gases hold heat. Plante and trees help to take
gases, such as carbon dioxide,1 from the air, but
we have now destroyed too many trees. There are
not enough trees and plants to do this job.
Because the earth is getting hotter, the ice is
melting. Because the ice is melting, the level of
the sea is slowly rising. Scientists.say that in the
year 2050 some parts of Great Britain will be un­
der the sea.
Another problem of land pollution is making
large piles of trash. Trash is made of boxes, bags,
paper, cans, plastics, clothing and bottles. It is
also made up of old food called garbage.
Some trash gets burned. When plastics and
some other man-made things are burned, gases
are given off.2 Too much of these gases can make
people and animals sick.
There will not be as much trash if we learn to
use things over and over again. One way to do
this is by changing some old thing into a new one.
Then it is used again. It is not thrown away.
Another problem of land pollution is using too
many chemicals to grow vegetables and fruit.
Too many chemicals in the ground can harm the
soil. If our vegetables, fruit and meat are grown
without chemicals, they will be safer for us to eat.
So you see how many problems people have got
because of water, air and land pollution. All this
makes people worry about their environment.

1 carbon dioxide ['ка:Ьэл dai'aks(a)id] — углекислый газ

1 When plastics and some other man-made things are
burned, gases are given off. — Когда горят предметы
из пластмассы и из других синтетических материалов,
выделяются газы.
106
 Questions:
1. Why can people’s activities make the environment
unhealthy?
2. How are people doing harmful things to our land?
8. Why is the earth getting hotter?
4. What takes gases from the air?
6. Why can't trees and plants do this job well?
6. Why is the ice melting?
7. What happens with the level of the sea because the
ice is melting?
8. What is another problem of land pollution?
0. What is trash made of?
10. What happens when some trash gets burned?
11. What must not we do to have so much trash?
12. What do we use to grow vegetables and fruit?
18. Do many chemicals harm the soil?

OIL AND GASOLINE1

The air, water and land can also be polluted

when oil and gasoline are burned.2 This kind of
pollution comes from cars, lorries, buses and
ships. Burning oil and gasoline in motors send
many harmful things into the air, water and land.
We take these tiny pieces of harmful things into
our bodies through our noses and mouths. Too
much of this kind of pollution can make us sick.
A lot of goods and products come to the coun­
try by ship or plane. Ships and planes use oil and
make pollution. There will be less pollution if we
get more of our own food. Besides the food comes
in boxes and plastic. If we grow our food here,
there will be lees trash to harm our land.
1 oil [oil] and gaaoline ['gcsslin] — нефть н бенанн
* are burned [bo:nd] — сжигаются
10в
 Many countries buy oil and carry it fay ship.
The oil sometimes leaks out of the ships into the
water. Some ships clean their tanks in the ocean
even though this cleaning is against law.
Ships can hit reefs and sink. If that happens
near the shore oil and tar cover the water and
the beaches. Many animals, birds, plants and
shells die.
Of course, the worst kind of pollution comes
from nuclear power. It can make the air, water
and soil become radioactive because it produces
radioactive waste. It can be dangerous for thou­
sands of years.
So you see that pollution is a serious problem.
Is it only factories, big ships and cars that pol­
lute? No. It is you and me as well. Everyone
pollutes in some way. If you drop litter, you pol­
lute. Each one of us must try to pollute as little
as possible.
Many scientists study the enviroment. They
have helped find ways to stop air and water pol­
lution. There are laws to help clean up our land,
water and air.
People must take care of the earth, and it will
be a healthier place for all living things.
Questions:
1. What kind of pollution comes from cars, lorries,
buses and ships?
2. How do many harmful things get Into the air, wat­
er and land?
3. How do we take these tiny pieces of harmful
things into our bodies?
4. Can this kind of pollution make us sick?
5. Why will there be less pollution if we get more of
our own food?

107
 6. How does it happen that oil sometimes leaks out of
the ships into the ocean?
7. What does the worst kind of pollution come from?
8. What does nuclear power produoe?
9. Can we see, smell, taste or feel radioactivity?

WHAT CAN YOU DO

TO PROTECT NATURE?

• Follow the laws1 to help clean up our

land, water and air.
• Take care of our earth. Stop doing harm­
ful things to our land, water and air.
■ Help to keep water clean. Don’t throw
anything in the water.
• Stop litter the land.
• Try to вtop making much trash.
• Plant trees and flowers.
• Protect trees and plants in parks and
yards.
• Do not pick a lot of flowers in the woods.
• Grow vegetables and fruit without chemi­
cals.
• Protect animals and birds. Make bird­
houses for birds.
• Do not use sprays.
• Do not waste paper and pencils.

1 follow the laws [b:z] — соблюдайте законы

 IN THE STREET

WHAT CAN WE SEE IN THE STREET?

Houses and shops form

the two sides of a street. In
the middle of the street we
can see cars, buses, trolley­
buses and trams.
Find a car in the picture.
You see it is not big. Only
four or five people can go
in a car, but many can go
in a bus or a trolley-bus.
Cars, buses and trolley­
buses can go very quickly,
and we must be careful. We
must not walk in front of
cars1 and buses. If we walk
in front of them, they will
knock us down. When we
walk along the street we
must walk on the pave­
ment. There is one
pavement on one side of the
street. There is another on
the other side of the street.
The road is between the
pavements:
1 walk in front of ca n — лвать под машины
100
 If you can ride a bicycle, you must ride it on
the right side of the road. That is the right
place. You must not ride it on the pavement.
This is the wrong place. People walk on the pave­
ment. Trolley-buses, buses, cars and bicycles
must go up and down the road.
If you want to cross the road, you must be
careful. First you must look to your left and
then to your right.
Who Knows?
1. What do we see in the middle of the street?
2. Where must people walk?
3. What is there between the pavements?
4. Where must buses and cars go?
5. What must you do if you cross the street?

THE TRAFFIC LIGHT1

You may find a traffic light almost in every

street.

Sometimes the light is red.

Sometimes the light is green.
The red light says, “Stop.”
The green light says, “Go.”

1 traffic light [>trefik)lait] — светофор

tio
 SAFETY RULES

Mother says to the children, “Cross the street

where there is a light.
“Always look at the light before you cross.
“When the light is red, wait at the corner.
“When the light is green, cross the street.”

SAFETY FIRST1

• Before you cross a road or street, look to

the left, then to the right.
• Always его88 a street at the crossing.
• Before you cross a railroad, stop, look
both ways,2 and listen.
• Do not play in the street.

WHAT IS MORE USEFUL?

I
Once a tram, a trolley-bus, a car and a bicycle
met at a crossing.
As they were waiting for the green light, they
began to talk.
The car said to the bicycle, “Why do people use
you? You are so slow! When you don’t move you
cannot stand — you fall on your side. I have four
wheels, and I move very quickly, and I can carry
not one man, but five. I am more useful than you."

1 safety first — безопасность прежде всего

1 both ways — в обе стороны
HI
 “It depends upon1 when and where,” said the
little bicycle.
Then the tram began to speak.
“I’m more useful than you,” it said to the car.
“You can carry five people, and I can carry more
than a hundred. I am more useful than you.”
“It depends upon when and where,” said the
bicycle again.
Then the trolley-bus spoke.
“I think I’m more useful,” said the trolley-bus
to the tram. “You make so much noise!2 I’m bet­
ter than you.”
“It depends upon when and where,” said the
bicycle for the third time.
П
At that moment they saw a green light. They
began to move. They wanted to see which of
them was the quickest. Soon the bicycle fell be­
hind.3 The other three moved on,4 but as the
tram and the trolley-bus had to stop, they fell
behind the car too.
Then suddenly the tram went off the rails6
and had to stop.
And the trolley-bus said to the tram, “I think
you will stay here a long time. I don’t need any
rails. Good-bye!” And it ran on. But soon it came
to its last stop and had to go back.
At that time the car was moving very quickly.
It came to a place where there was a bridge across

1 it depends upon — это зависит от того

* you make so much noise — ты так шумишь
* fell behind — отстал
4moredO B— продолжали двигаться вперед
1west elf Ike rails — сошел с рельсов
lit
a river. But some men were repairing the bridge
and the car had to look for a place to croee the
river.1 When it came to a village on the other side
of the river, it saw the bicycle there.
“How did you cross the river?” asked the car.
“The men who were repairing the bridge left a
little place for me to cross the river. And so here
I am. Do you remember what I said?‘It depends
upon when and where.’ You see nowthat I was
right. All of us are useful in our places.”
Can Yon Tell?
1. Who met once at a crossing?
2. Why couldn’t they move on?
3. W hat did they do?
4. W hat did the car say to the bicycle?
5. W hat did the bicycle say to that?
6. Why did the tram think it was more useful than
the car?
7. What did the bicycle say again?
8. What did the trolley-bus think?
9. What did the bicycle say for the third time?
10. Who was the first to cross the river?1

THE UNDERGROUND3

We have the Underground in the biggest

towns of our country. We have it in Moscow. We
have it in St. Petersburg. It is very beautiful. Its
stations are built4 of marble and granite.
1 to look for a place to croes the river — поискать место
для переправы
3 Who was the first to croee the river? — Кто первый пе­
реправился черев реку?
s underground [4mbaraimdl — метро
4 its stations ['steijnzj are built [bilt] — его станции по­
строены
113
 The Underground has different lines. You buy
your token and go down the escalator1 of the Un­
derground station. Then you find your platform.
The train comes and you get in. The doors of the
train are opened and shut automatically.3 Then
you have to go up the escalator to get to the
street. Many people use the Underground, as it is
faster than buses and trolley-buses.

FOR THE FIRST TIME

One day Pete's father said to his son:

MTake these books to your Uncle John. Here is
his address. He lives very far now, so take the
Underground. It is much faster than a bus. Only
be careful there. Read all the notices.”
Pete said, “Yes, Father,” took the books and
went out. He knew where the Underground sta­
tion was, so he walked straight there.

1 escalator ['eskslctta] — эскалатор (движущаяся лест­

ница)
* are opened and shut automatically ^ate'msdkali] — от­
крываются и закрываются автоматически
114
 Pete was at the Underground station for the
first time. He showed the collector his travel-
card. Then he went to the escalators. Somebody
was behind him, so he stepped on quickly and
stood still. “I am a long way down1 under the
street,” he thought. Now he had to get off the
escalator while it was moving.2 It was easy, and
he stepped off.
Pete saw the notice TO THE TRAINS and
went to the platform.
Soon his train came in. The doors of the cars
opened automatically. Some people got out and
many more got in. Pete sat down.
In a moment the doors shut and the train went
off. In a few minutes it stopped at the next sta­
tion. The doors opened again, the people got in,
the doors shut, and the train went off again.
Pete liked it all very much. But he had to get
out at the next station. When the train stopped,
he went quickly to the doors. The doors opened
for him and shut behind him. He saw the notice
EXIT* and went to the escalators. This time he
1 I am a long way down — я нахожусь очень глубоко
1 while it was moving — в то время как он двигался
* exit feksit] — выход
116
had to go up the escalator to get to the street.
He stood on a step. The escalator moved him up.
He stepped off quickly and went out into the
street.
He soon found his uncle’s house and gave him
the books. He took the underground train back
home.
When his father came home Pete asked him,
“Do the doors of the train open and shut by
themselves?”1
“Of course not,” said his father. “Electricity
does it. The driver opens them by pressing a but­
ton.* When he presses another button, they
shut.”
“What pulls the trains along?” asked Pete.
“Electricity again,” answered his father. “The
driver moves the handles which make the train
go and stop.”
Tell Us Quickly!
In the picture* on page» 114-115 there are many cars.
Every car hat a number.
How many car* do you seef
What’s the number of each carl

1 by tbanualTM — сама no себе

1 by pr—ring a button — нажимая кнопку
 AT HOME

THE HOUSE AND THE FLAT WE LIVE IN

Where do people live? They live in housee. The

houses have one, two, three, five, nine, or more
storeys. The top of the house is called the roof.
The storeys or floors are divided1 into flats.
There may be a one-room flat, a two-room flat,
a three-room flat and even a four-room flat.
Nick’s and Mary's father and mother have a
three-room flat which is located* on the second
floor. The flat is large and comfortable. There
are two adjoining and one separate rooms in the
flat. There is a sitting-room, a bedroom and a
children’s room in the flat. They have also a
kitchen, a bathroom, a toilet and an entrance
hall. They have got all modern conveniences:
electricity, running water, gas, heating, a refuse
chute, and a telephone.
The sitting-room is the largest room in the flat.
Its floor space* is about twenty metres. There is a
square table and four chairs round it in the
middle of the room, a sofa, a wall-unit, three arm­
chairs and a big carpet on the floor. As they have
a lot of books, they have a bookcase too.
In one of the corners there is a TV set. There
1 are divided [di'vaidid] — разделены
1 is located [lou'keitid] — расположена
1 floor space — площадь
117
are curtains on the windows. The room is very
cosy. There is not much furniture in it. Nothing
superfluous.
Nick and Mary and their mother and father
like to sit in this room in the evenings. They
read books and watch TV there. Their friends sit
there when they come to see Nick and Mary and
their mother and father.
The next room is the parents’ bedroom. It is
not large. The floor space is about 15 metres.
There are two beds, two bedside tables, a ward­
robe, a mirror and a standard lamp there. They
keep their clothes in the wardrobe. This is where
Nick’s and Mary’s mother and father sleep.
Next is a small room. This is the children’s
room. Nick and Mary sleep and do their home­
work there. There are two beds in their room, a
desk, some bookshelves on the wall and several
chairs. There is an alarm-clock and a lamp on
the desk. The children’s room has a built-in cup­
board.1 There are some photos and pictures on
the walls.
All the rooms have a parquet floor,2 and the
floor in the kitchen, the bathroom, the toilet and
the entrance hall is covered with linoleum.’
In the kitchen there is a cooker, a sink with
two taps for hot and cold water, a cupboard, a
table, some stools and a refrigerator.
The children’s mother cooks the food in the
kitchen, and they usually have their meals there.
But when the guests come to see them, they have

1 bnilt-ln cupboard [*bilt'm 'IcAbsd] — стенной шкаф

1 parquet [ 'po:kei] floor — паркетный пол
* linoleum [ii'nouljam] — линолеум
118
dinner or supper in the sitting-room. When the
food is ready, their mother puts it on plates and
carries it into the sitting-room.
In the bathroom there is a bath and a shower,
a washbasin and a rack for towels. There is a
shelf for toilet articles and a mirror over the
washbasin. That is where they all wash and have
their bath or a shower. Their father shaves
there.
In the entrance hall there is a hallstand with a
hat shelf, a stand for shoes and a mirror on the
wall. The second built-in cupboard is in the en­
trance hall.
Questions:
l. Where do people live?
2. What do we call the top of the house?
3. How many storeys may a house have?
4. What sort of flat do Nick’s and Mary’s mother
and father have?
5. Where is it located?
6. What rooms are there in their flat?
7. Are all the rooms separate in their flat?
8. What conveniences are there in the flat?
9. What room is the largest in the flat?
10. What is its floor space?
11. What is there in the sitting-room?
12. What do Mary, Nick and their parents usually do
in the sitting room?
13. What is there in the bedroom?
14. Where do Mary and Nick sleep and do their home­
work?
15. What floor do all the rooms have?
16. What does Nick’s and Mary’s mother do in the
kitchen?
17. Where do they have their meals?
18. What is there in the bathroom?
lie
 19. How many built-in cupboards are there in the flat?
20. Is their flat comfortable? Why?

A Game of Words
These are twisted spellings.1
Can you spell the words correctly?
Here are the names of four rooms.
What are they?

tickenh gistnit-moor
broomed thraboom

WHAT HELPS US IN OUR WORK

AT HOME
№

This is a broom.
We sweep the floor with it.

This is a floor-waxer.2
We polish the floor with it.

1 twisted spellings — слова, в которых перепутаны буквы

1 floor-waxer fflo^wseksa] — полотер
120
 This is a refrigerator.1
It has ice in it.
The air in the refrigerator is cold.
The cold air keeps milk, eggs, but­
ter and other things cold.

This is a washing-machine.2
We wash our linen with it.

This is a vacuum-cleaner.3
We clean up our room with it.

These are brushes.

We clean our clothes
with them.

1 refrigerator [n'fndjoreits] — холодильник

3 washing-machine pwDjrqmo'Jlin] — стиральная машина
1 vacntun-cleaner ['vsekjuamldirn»] — пылесос
121
 THE FOOD WE EAT
Everybody and eve­
rything that lives and
grows must eat. Chil­
dren must eat, and so
must animals,1 fish,
birds and plants.
Some kinds of food,
like bread and butter,
keep children warm2
and give them
strength to work and play. Other kinds of food,
like milk, eggs, cheese, meat, help them to grow
tall and have strong bones and muscles. Strong
children can run, jump and swim.
Fruit and vegetables keep children well.3 If
you want to be healthy you must eat vegetables
and fruit. Vegetables give iron to your blood,
and all the fruits have sugar.
Children in different places eat different kinds
of food.
In Scotland nearly every child has a plateful of
porridge and milk for breakfast. It is made from
oatmeal.
Irish4 children eat potatoes and milk for din­
ner. In Sweden6 the children eat rye bread
instead of wheat bread. Rye grows better than
wheat in places that have colder weather and
poor soil.

1 and so must animals — в животные тоже должны есть

* keep children warm [worm] — согревают детей
1 keep children well — поддерживают здоровье детей
4 Irish ['ainj] — ирландский
* Sweden ['swi:dn] — Швеция
122
 Eskimo1 children eat more fish and meat than
you do. It is so cold there that vegetables do not
grow.
The children in China eat rice at every meal.
The Chinese boil it in water until it is soft, then
they dry it and eat with chopsticks. Chinese chil­
dren hold both sticks in one hand and the bowl in
the other and pick up the rice grains quickly.

BREAD

Bread is the most common as well as the most

useful food. We eat it at every meal. Bread is
made of wheat and rye. Wheat bread is white in
colour, and rye bread is dark in colour. It is
called brown bread. Brown bread is more whole­
some than white.
The man who makes bread is called a baker.
He uses flour, yeast, water and a little salt to
make bread. A baker mixes all these components
together, and he makes dough. The yeast makes
the dough rise. Then the dough is cut in pieces
and baked in an oven. A baker makes many tasty
things from dough. These are loaves, buns, rolls
and rusks.
Questions:
1. What is bread?
2. We eat bread at every meal, don’t we?
3. What is bread made of?
4. What bread is more wholesome, white or brown?
5. What is a baker?

1 Eskimo ['eslamou] — эсквыосскнй

123
 в. What components does he use to make breed?
7. How does a baker make bread?
8. What does he make from dough?

THE FIVE LOAVES OF BREAD

Once there was a man who went to the market

every day. He always went there at the same
time and he always bought five loaves of bread.
One of his friends often saw him when he was
going home with his five loaves of bread.
One day he stopped the man and said, “I meet
you almost every day, and I always see you with
five loaves of bread. Why do you always buy five
loaves, no more and no less?”
“I lend two and with the other two I pay my
debts.”
“I don’t understand you,” said the friend.
“On, well, my wife and I eat one loaf, I give
two loaves to my children, and two loaves to my
father and mother,” said the man.

DO YOU KNOW
HOW TO LAY THE TABLE? 1

Before dinner Mary al­

ways lays the table. This is
how she does it. She puts a
table cloth or an oilcloth on
the table. After that she
takes the plates out of the

1 to lay the table — накрывать на стол

takes the plates out of the cupboard. How many
people will eat dinner? There will be four people.
She takes four soup-plates and four dinner-
plates, four spoons, four forks and four knives.
We eat soup with a spoon. We eat fish and pota­
toes with a fork. We cut meat with a knife.
Therefore she puts a knife, a fork and a spoon
near each plate. She puts the plate between the
knife and the fork.
Is the table ready now? No, not yet. She must
put a bread-plate, a butter-dish, a sugar-bowl
and a salt-cellar on the table. Sometimes she puts
a mustard-pot and a pepper-box too. Then she
takes cups and saucers and puts them on the
table. After dinner everybody will drink tea. We
use small tea-spoons when we drink tea. She
puts the cups on the saucers and the tea-spoons
near the cups. Now the table is ready.

TABLE MANNERS1

• Don’t talk with your mouth full.

• Don’t use a spoon for what you can eat with
a fork.
• Don’t use a knife for fish, cutlets or
omelettes.
• Don’t put the knife into your mouth.
• Don’t eat your soup with a noise.
• When you don’t want any more, say “No,
thank you.”
• Don’t make faces2 to show that you don’t
like something.
1 table manners — как веста себя aa столом
1 to make faces — гримасничать
 • Don’t blow on your tea when it is too hot.
• Don’t play with your knife, spoon or fork.
• Don’t forget to say “please” when you ask
somebody to pass you something.
• Don’t forget to say “Thank you” when some­
body passes you something.

SMILE WITH US!

One day when little Jimmy and his mother
were having dinner, she said, “Jimmy, why are
you wiping your mouth with the back of your
hand?”
“Because the back of my hand,” answered
Jimmy, “is cleaner than the front.”

“Ma,”1 said a little girl, “Willie wants the big­

gest piece of cake, and I think I must have it,
because he had been eating cakes two years be­
fore I was born.”2

LITTLE GIRL: Ma, if I were a fairy, I’d change*

everything into cake and eat it all
up.
MOTHER: I’m afraid such a lot of cake
would make you sick.4

1 т д [та:] — мамочка
* he had been eating cakes two yean before I wae born —
до того как я родилась, он уже целых два года ел торты
3 if I were a fairy [Теэп], I’d change — если бы я была
волшебницей, я бы превратила
4 snch a lot of cake would make yon sick — от такого
огромного количества торта ты бы заболела
126
LITTLE GIRL: Oht But I’d change m y self into an
elephant first.
•
MOTHER: I hope you didn’t take a second
piece of cake at the party?
BOBBY: No. I took two pieces the first
time.

MOTHER: You naughty boy, I’ll send you to

bed without any supper.
LITTLE BOY: Well, what about my medicine
I have to take after meals?
WHAT WE CAN SEE
AT HOME AND AT SCHOOL

THE WATCH AND THE CLOCK1

Look] This is a watch. The watch has a face. On

the face we see numbers, from one to twelve. The

face of the watch is white, the numbers are black.

This watch has three hands. The long hand
points the minutes; it is the minute-hand. The
short hand points the hours; it is the hour-hand.
Some watches have a third hand which points the
seconds; it is the second-hand. The hands move.
The second-hand moves quickly, we can see it.
The minute-hand moves slower, and the hour-
hand moves slowest of all.
Can you tell me how many minutes there are
in an hour, and how many seconds in a minute?
1 tto m tch [wotj] u d the clock — часы наручные ■
 An hour has 60 min­
utes and a minute has 60
seconds. In half an hour
there are 30 minutes. In
a quarter1 of an hour
there are 15 minutes.
If we put the watch to
our ear, we hear ticking:
the watch is going. In the
evening we wind the
watch up.2 If you do not
wind it up, it stops. Some­
times the watch is not
right. Then we say that it
is wrong. It is too fast or
too slow. We must take it
to the watchmaker.
We have not only
watches, we also have
clocks. A clock stands on
the table or hangs on the
wall, like the one in the
picture.
Watches and clocks are made of gold, silver or
steel. They may be very big or quite small.
Questions:
1. Do you have a watch?
2. How many hands does your watch have?
3. Is your watch always right?
4. When it is wrong, is it too fast or too slow?
5. When do you wind your watch up?
6. Which is larger, a clock or a watch?

1 q u arter fkwDito] — четверть

1 to wind [wamd] op — aa водить
5 j.. м us 120
 7. Where can you see clocks?
8. What are watches and clocks made of?
9. How many minutes are there in an hour? in half
an hour? in a quarter of an hour?
Expressions to Remember

Жйгглйг}
It is three o’clock. — 3 часа.
»
It is half past three. — Половина четвертого.
It is a quarter past three. — Четверть четвертого.
It is ten minutes to four. — Bee десяти минут четыре.
4 a. m. (ante meridiem — до полудня) — 4 часа утра.
4 p. m. (poet meridiem — после полудня) — 6 часов
вечера.
My watch keeps good (bad) time. — Мои часы идут
хорошо (плохо).
My watch is right. — Мои часы идут правильно.
My watch is wrong. — Мои часы идут неправильно.
My watch is sharp. — Мои часы точные.
My watch is five minutes fast (slow). — Мои часы
опешат (отстают) на 5 минут.
I always set my watch by the radio time signal. —
Я всегда ставлю часы по радио.

WHAT THE CLOCK SAYS TO TEDDY

The clock says, “Eight!

Quick, you’ll be late,
Breakfast’s ready,
Master1Teddy.**
The clock says, “Onel
Pudding is done,2

1 Master ['masts] — вежливое обращение к мальчику

1 padding ['pudnj] is done [cL\n] — пудинг готов
190
 Dinner’s ready,
Master Teddy."
The clock says, “Five!
Cake will arrive,1
And tea's ready,
Master Teddy.”
The clock says, “Eight!
Put up your elate,2
Supper’s ready,
Master Teddy.”

TOMMY-TOO-LATE

Once there was a little boy whose name was

Tommy O’Toole,3 but his family called him
“Tommy-Too-Late”, because he was always late.
He got up late. He was late for breakfast. And
he was always late for school.
One day Tommy’s father came home with a
small box.
“I have brought you a friend. This friend will
go with you everywhere and tell you what time it
is,” he said.
He opened the box. There was a watch inside.
“Now, listen to me, my boy,” said Tommy’s
father, “I’ll teach you to tell the time.4 This
shorter hand is the hour-hand. It shows the hour
of the day or night.”
1 cake will arrive [a'raiv] — сейчас подадут пирог
* pot ap your slate — отложи грифельную доску
* Tommy O’Toole чмпи ['tomi ou 'tu:l]
4 to tall the time — узнавать время по часам
1S1
 “What about the other hand?”1 asked Tommy.
“The longer hand on your watch is the minute-
hand. The minutes are very short. Every five
minutes the longer hand passes a number.
“A watch will be your good friend if you take
good care of it,”* said Tommy’s father. “Take it
off when you play in water or sand. Wind your
watch up every evening. If you are careful, your
watch will be with you for a long time.”
So Tommy took good care of his watch. He
had his watch always with him, and he was never
late again.
Now nobody called him “Tommy-Too-Late” any
longer. And that was good, because he really had
a fine name — Tommy O’Toole.
Do Yon Remember?
1. What was the boy's name?
2. What did his family call him?
8. Why did they call him “Tommy-Too-Late”?
4. What did his father bring him one day?
5. Did Tommy take care of his watch?
6. Did he have his watch always with him?
7. Was he ever late now?

DO YOUR BEST*
Do your beet, your very best;
And do it every day —
Little boys and little girls,
That is the wisest way.
1 What about the other hand? — А другая стрелка?
1 if you take good care [keo] of it — если ты будешь аабо-
титься о них как следует
* do your beet — делайте все старательно, старайтесь во­
всю
132
 No matter1 what you try to do,
At home or at your school,
Always do your very best —
There is no better rule.2
So if you read your little book,
Or if you learn to spell,
Or if you play with hoop or ball,
Be sure to do it well.*

SMILE WITH US!

THE CLOCK THAT WOULD NOT GO*
“Henry,” said a woman to her husband, “I have
no idea what’s wrong with our clock. I wish you
could do something to make it go.” The man took
off the hands and the dial and examined the works
carefully. Then he cleaned them, oiled them well,
and in fact did everything he could think of. But
the clock would not go. He went to bed tired and
nervous.
Next morning his wife said, “Henry, I think
1 know what the matter is with our clock.”
“Well?”
“It wants winding up!”6
DADDY'S WATCH
FATHER: Something is wrong with my watch.
I must take it to the watchmaker to
clean it.
harry: Why daddy? I cleaned it only yesterday.

1 no matter — неважно
1 there ia no better rule [ru:l] — нет лучшего правила
* be rare to do it well — смотрите, непременно делайте
это как следует
4 the clock that would not go — часы, которые не идут
* It want* winding ['wamdnj] npl — Их нужно аавестп!
IM
 THE TELEPHONE1

The telephone is ringing. Pick up the receiver

and see who it is.
“You want to speak to Father? Just a moment,
please.”
Father puts the receiver to his ear. At the bot­
tom2 of the receiver there is a round mouthpiece.
He speaks into that.
The telephone has a dial with figures. When
we want to call somebody, we have to know the
number. Then we pick up the receiver, dial each
of the figures in turn or press the buttons with
figures and wait for an answer. The telephone
rings at the other end and the people there talk
to us.
If the line is free, you will hear long buzzing.
If the line is engaged,* you will hear frequent
buzzing.
If you call your friend and she is out,4 you can
leave a message6 for her.
If you use a public phone, you must drop a to­
ken into the slot before picking up the receiver.
Questions:
1. Do you have a telephone at home?
2. What is the number of your telephone?
S. Do you often ring your friends up?
4. Do your friends often call you?
5. You like to speak over the telephone with your
friends, don’t you?

1 telephone ['telifoun] — телефон

1 at the bottom [Ъэ(ат] — в конце
* is engaged [tn'gei^d] — занята •
4 she ia out — ее нет дома
‘ leave a me— ge ['mesid3] — просить передать что-л.
134
 6. What do you do when you want to call somebody?
7. What do you hear if the line is engaged (free)?
8. Is there a call-box with a public phone near your
house?
9. What must you do if you use a public phone?

GOOD TELEPHONE MANNERS

* When talking on the telephone speak
clearly. Do not shout.
* If a person you are speaking to is very
busy, make your conversation as brief as
possible.
* When you are calling a friend who does not
recognize your voice — don’t say, “Guess
who?”. Announce yourself quickly.
* When you get a wrong number don’t ask,
“What number is this?” It is good manners
to ask, “Is this two-three-four-five-six?” If
not — apologize.
* If a wrong-number call comes through,
don’t be angry. Simply say “Sorry, wrong
number” — and hang up. Don’t bang the re­
ceiver.

SMILE WITH US1

THE FIRST DAYS OF THE TELEPHONE
(A fter Jerome K. Jerome)
Do you think that a telephone is a useful
thing? I do not think so. Many years ago I had a
telephone in my room. I must say it made my life
hard. Now I shall tell you why it was hard.
You want to see a man who lives in the next
street. You can put on your hat and go there. It
ise
will take you five minutes. But you look at the
telephone and decide to telephone him before you
go.
You shout into the telephone for five minutes,
but there is no answer. You want to write a let­
ter to the Telephone
Company,1 but at this
time the answer
comes.
“Yes?”
You shout, “Why
don’t you answer when
I...”
“What? What do
you say? I cannot hear
what you say. You
have to speak louder.”
“I say: why don’t you answer? I was waiting
for twenty minutes before you answered.”
Of course you were waiting only for three
minutes, but you are angry.
“What doyou want? You mustn’t stand so
near. Icannot hearwhat you вау. Did you вау
eight hundred and what?”
You cannot put your queetion again, во you
вау, “Four-five-eeven-six,* please.”
“Did you say seven-six or eix-eeven?”
“Six-seven. No! I said seven-six. No!... Wait a
minute! I don’t know what I want.”
“You have to know I cannot wait here all the
morning.”
So you look into the telephone book and вау
again,
1 Telephone Company ['клшрэш] — телефонная компания
* four-Яте-ветеп-six — В Англии телефонные номера на­
зываются по цифрам.
1Эв
 “Four-five-seven-six, please.”
You wait for ten minutes. Then you hear a
voice,
“Yes? What do you want?”
“Are you four-five-seven-six?”
“What?”
“Are you four-five-seven-six, Williamson?”
“Yes. What is it?”
“Is Mr. Williamson at home?”
“Will I what?”
“Is Mr. Williamson at home?”
“Who?”
“Williamson. Will-i-am-son?”
“You are the son of what? I cannot hear what
you say.”
So you shout for three minutes and then he
understands what you ask and says — or you
think that he says,
“Will be at home all the morning.”
You put on your hat and go to his house, but
Mr. Williamson is not at home.
“But you have answered on the telephone that
he will be at home all the morning?”
“No, I said: He will not be at home all the
morning.”
What can you do? You go back to your room,
sit down and look at the telephone.

THE BOOK
We all have books. We use books in the class­
room and at home. Let us speak about books.
Every book has a cover. The cover can be hard
or it can be a paper cover. It is often of bright
colour. It can have a picture on it. The title of
1*7
the book and the author’s name are in large let­
ters on it.
When we begin to read, we open the cover and
turn over the leaves. The two sides of the leaf are
called pages. There are many pages in the book.
The number on the last page of the book telle
us how many pages the book has.
The first page is the title-page. The title of
the book is also there, only in letters not so large
as on the cover. That’s why this page is called
the title-page.
There are many books with no pictures at all,1
but children’s books always have a lot of pic­
tures, like the book that you are reading now.
The man who drew the pictures for you is a very
nice man. Don’t you think so? And if you want
to know his name, turn over the title-page. You
will find it there.

1 with no picture* at all — совсем без картинок

138
 Many people work to make a book. They all
try to please you. And they are always glad if
you like the book that they have made for you.
And, of course, the author of this book, who is a
school-teacher, will be quite happy if you do.1
A good book is a good friend.
Read good books over and over again.2
People who like to read books always take care
of them. They never lick their fingers to turn
the pages. They never make dog’s ears.*
We must take care of books.
You know that books are made of paper. And
what is paper made of?
Read the next story and you will learn.

PAPER

Long, long ago the people

of Egypt4 made paper from
the tall grass that grows on
the banks of the river Nile.6
This plant is famous for a
white skin that grows on its
stalk. So ancient people
took off these skins and
laid heavy things on them
until they became dry and
flat. Then, because they were white and flat,
people could write on them.
1 if yon do ~ if yon like this book
1 over and over again — иного pas
* dog’s ears — букв, собачья уши; так англичане назы­
вают загнутые уголки страниц
* Egypt [’hdjipt] — Египет
* Nile [nail] — Ннл
139
 This grass from which
people made this kind of pa­
per was called the papyrus1
and from this name we have
our word “paper”.
Later people used the
skins of sheep and goats to
write on. They called them
parchment. Parchment is
stronger than paper. It is
thick, that’s why the first books were very large and
heavy, like the one in the picture above. Monks who
made books in thoee days worked very slowly and
very hard. You can see one of them at work.
Now paper is made from many different
things. It is made from rags of silk, cotton, and
even from old ropes. It is made from straw, wood
and also from old paper.
Questions:
1. W hat did the people of Egypt make paper from?
2. How did they make paper from the grass?
8. W hat is papyrus?
4. W hat is parchment?
6. Which is stronger, parchment or paper?
6. W hat is paper made from now?

HOW A BOOK IS MADE2

Many people help to make books. First of all

the author writes his book. Then he shows it to

1 was called the papyrus [pe'panras] — называлась папи­

рус
* how a book ia made — как делают квету
140
the editor. He talks over with the editor how
long his book must be. They decide what changes
the author will do to make it more interesting.
The editor reads the book carefully. He makes
some changes in style and punctuation he thinks
necessary. Then he passes the book to the book
artist who illustrates the book and designs its
cover. The computer designer makes the lay-out
of the book. After that the book is printed1 and
its pages are bound.1
Then books are sent* to bookshops and libra­
ries. The bookseller sells books andpeople buy
them. You can buy books at the shop toooryou
can borrow them from the library. The librarian
helps you to do it.
Answer Quickly!
1. Who writes a book?
2. Whom does the author show it?
8. What does the author talk over with the editor?
4. What changes does the editor make?
5. Whom does he pass the book then?
6. What does the book artist do?
7. What does the computer designer do?
8. Where are books sent?
9. Who sells books at the shop?
10. Who helps you to borrow books from the library?

A TALE OF TWO BOOKS

One evening Fred the Careless sat in a chair at

the writing-desk. He was very sad, because he
1 is printed — печатают
1are bonnd[baund] — переплетают
*are sent — посылают
147
had to learn his lesson. Soon he closed the book,
saying, “I can never learn this lesson! It is too
difficult and besides the page is torn1 where
I must learn.” Hardly had he said these words3
when a tall, shadowy figure appeared at the open
window. Fred the Careless looked up quickly
wondering who was at the window. He could see
nothing there, for at that moment the wind blew,
and his eyes were filled with sand.*
The tall, shadowy figure came into the room
and sang softly.
“The Sandman am I,
Lullaby,4 lullaby.
I’m blowing the sand
Into each sleepy eye.”
Then, as Fred’s head began to nod, the Sand­
man added, in a soft voice,
“A sleepy, sleepy head bent down,6
Is going with me to Dreamland town.”
“How are you, Paper-Covered Book?” cried Linen-
Covered Book, as he jumped gaily upon the table.
“Indeed, I am not very well,” Paper-Covered
Book answered.
“Fred the Careless straps me so tightly that
my back aches all the time.”
“I am sorry,” said Linen-Covered Book.
1 is torn [fe:nl — порвана
1 hardly had ne said these words — едва он произнес эти
слова
* his eyes were filled with sand — его глаза были полны
песка
4 lullaby ['ЫэЬа|] — засыпай
6 bent down — склоненная голова
142
 “You certainly do look like a poor, lame sol­
dier. I have had better luck. Tom the Tidy is
very good to me. My back is always straight, for
he never straps me too tightly. Tom’s hands are
always clean when he studies his lessons, so I
have no soiled leaves.1 He is very careful not to
tear me, and there are no marks on my pages.”
“Oh, you are lucky,” said the other book.
“My pages are not only soiled, but they are
marked2 and torn. Fred the Careless said, this
very night, that he could not study his lessons,
because the page was so badly torn. No clean boy
would wish to read me again.”
“The other day,”* he added, J!Fred the Careless
turned the corner of one of my pages into a dog
ear! Oh, how I wanted to cry!
Once he threw me into the air, and my leaves
were bent4 as I fell. Yesterday, when it rained,
Fred the Careless left me out-of-doors. Now I
look old and wrinkled.”6
“I too was once very unhappy,” said Linen-
Covered Book. “One day Tom’s mother called him
when he was studying his lesson. Tom jumped up
very quickly and turned me downward on my
face, while he ran upstairs to see what his
mother wanted.
Oh, how it hurt! It seemed as if it were hours*
before Tom the Tidy returned to the room and

' soiled [soild] leaves — запачканные страницы

2 bat they are marked [ma:kt] — нона нихсделаны пометки
3 the other day — на днях
* and my leaves [lirvz] were bent — и мои страницы за­
гнулись
ь wrinkled [‘rnjkld] — намятой
' it seemed as if it were hoars —казалось, будто бы про­
шли часы
143
lifted me up again. I suppose that I looked pale
for since that time Tom the Tidy has used a
book-mark. Now he lays me carefully on my side
before he leaves me.”
“Oo-oo-oo!” blew East wind through the open
window. East wind sang as he blew,
“I blow and blow into his eyes,
And blow the sand up to the skies.”
Fred the Careless rubbed his eyes and looked
sleepily about him. He looked for the two books,
but Linen-Covered Book was not there.
Then he took In india-rubber and cleaned all
the marks from the pages of Paper-Covered
Book. He patched the torn pages and covered the
book with new paper.
Though Fred the Careless was still feeling a
little sleepy, he thought he heard the book say,
“Thank you, kind boy, you have made me very
happy!”
Can Yon Answer?
1. Why was Fred the Careless sad one evening?
2. Why couldn’t he learn his lesson?
8. Who appeared at the open window?
4. Why couldn’t Fred the Careless see anything?
5. Who spoke to each other?
6. Why was Paper-Covered Book not very well?
7. Was Tom the Tidy good to Linen-Covered Book?
8. How did Fred the Careless treat Paper-Covered
Book?
9. Did Tom the Tidy always use a book-mark?
10. When did he begin to use it?
11. What did Fred the Careless do when he woke up?
12. What words did he hear when he was good to
Paper-Covered book?
144
 DO YOU KNOW
HOW TO KEEP A BOOK CLEAN?

• Never touch a book when your hands are

wet.
• Be sure that your hands are clean when you
pick up a book.
• Never wet your thumb or finger to turn a
page.
• Never put a book on the ground or on a
table that has food on it.
• Never eat while you read a book.
• Never mark in a book.

WHAT THINGS ARE MADE OF1

TEACHER: If you look around, children, you

will see some things in the class­
room. Who can tell me what they
are made of?
NICK: I can. The desks and blackboards are
made of wood, the books and note­
books are of paper, the pens of steel,
the bags of leather.2
TEACHER: Very good. And now will you tell me
what the different parts of the room
are made of?
NICK: The walls are of stone, the door is of
wood, and the windows are of glass.
TEACHER: That’s right. And what do you know
about glass?

> what U ifap are made of — из чего сделаны ранние вещи

1 leather [lefo] — кожа
148
NICK: The Egyptians1 were the first people
who knew the secret of making
glass.2 But the glass was very expen­
sive, and they did not use it even
for windows. Glass is made of sand,
soda and lime.
TEACHER: Very good. And what are the door-
lock and key made of?
NICK: They are made of iron.

RIDDLES
Here are some riddles for fun. Try and guess!

1. It’s true, I have both face and hands,’

And move before your eye;
Yet, when I go, my body stands,
And when I stand, I lie.4

2. The field is white,

Black is the seed,
And the sower who sowed1 it
Was clever indeed.
(The answers are on page 171)

1 Egyptians [I'cfypjnz] — египтяне

2 the secret ['si:krrt] of making glass — секрет изготовле­
ния стекла
* both... and — как... так и (чтобы найти отгадку, вспом­
ните, что слово face и слово hands имеют по два рав­
ных значения каждое)
4 То lie также имеет два разных значения — „лежать41 и
„лгать44. Попробуйте объяснить шутку, которая содер­
жится в последней строке загадки.
1 to sow [sou] — сеять
146
 SMILE WITH US!

STORIES ABOUT SCHOOL

“Mama,” complained little Ann, “I don’t feel
very well.” ‘That’s too bad, dear,” said mother
sympathetically. “Where do you feel worst?”
“At school, Mama.”
•
“Are you first in anything at school, Ann?”
“First out of the building when the bell
rings.”
•

Jimmy is rather a lazy boy. He does not like

to do his homework. One day in class his English
teacher asks him, “Jimmy, what is the Russian
for ’table’?”
“I don’t know,” answers Jimmy.
“Well, then, what is the Russian for ‘father’?”
“I don’t know,” says Jimmy again.
“What do you know then?” asks the teacher.
“Tell me, please, what three words do bad pupils
like to use very much?”
“I don’t know,” answers Jimmy.
“Correct at last,” says his teacher.

“Tom,” says the teacher, “Your composition is

very bad. You must stay at school after classes
and write a composition of fifty words.”
“What must I write about?” asks Tom.
“It is a free composition, you may write it on
any topic you like, for example about your
friend, a book, a film.”
147
 irtny I write a composition about my sister?”
“Of course you may,” says the teacher and
goes out of the classroom.
Tom thinks a little and then writes, MI have a
little sister. Her name is Jane. She has a nice
little kitten. She likes it very much. When it
goes out into the garden, she always follows it
and calls it, “Pussy, pussy, pussy...” and so on
fifty times.
•
Nick’s school report had just come, and, un­
fortunately, it was rather a bad one, so that his
parents were not too pleased.
“I’m losing patience with you, Nick,” ex­
claimed his father. “How is it that young Smith,
who is younger than you, is always at the top of
the class,1 while you are at the bottom?”2
Nick looked at his father and his mother and
then back again.
“You forgot, dad,” he answered, “that Smith
has awfully clever parents.”
•

In English schools bad pupils are at the end of

the school-liet. Good pupils are at the beginning
of the list. The first pupil is the best of all. The
second pupil is better than the third pupil. All
pupils are better than the last pupil in the list.
(A t the end of the first term)
FATHER: Which is your number in the school-
list?
FRED: I am the thirty-sixth.
1at the topof the claaa —первыйучениквклассе
*at the bottom[1>3toni] —последнийученик
14*
father: H ow m a n y p u p ile a re th e re i n 'y o u r
class?
FRED: There are thirty-six.
(At the end of the second term)
FATHER: Well, Fred, which is your number in
the school-list this term?
FRED: I am the thirty-seventh.
FATHER: How can that be? There are only
thirty-six pupils in your class.
FRED: Oh no, Father, we havea new p u p il
now.
•

A teacher took so much interest in his class

that when the bell rang he often kept the boys
five or ten minutes after the hour. One of them
bought an alarm-clock to give him a hint. He set
it to make it go off exactly at noon. Then he put
it on the teacher’s table. At twelve o’clock the
alarm-clock went off with a great noise. The
teacher waited until the alarm-clock had stopped,
and then he said, “Thank you, boys, for the
present. I had forgotten that it was my birthday.
I shall keep it as a token of your respect for me.”
After this friendly speech he went on for ten
minutes and only then finished his lesson.

COMPUTERS1
The first calculating machine was invented2 by
Charles Babbage, a professor of mathematics at
1computers [k»m'pju:toz] — компьютеры
1 was invented [mVenbd] — была изобретена
140
Cambridge U niversity, in 1812. This machine
could do complicated calculations faster than a
human mathematician.
A computer was invented in the twentieth cen­
tury. The first computers were very big, because
there were thousands of tubes in them. But they

were not used for a long time, as scientists in­

vented first transistors instead of tubes and then
microdiagrams. Computers became smaller, and
now they can stand on a writing-desk in a flat,
but do calculations much faster. Now a computer
can do one million sums in one second. No man
can do that.
Today computers are used widely, because they
are more efficien t than human beings. They can
calculate the orbits of sputniks and spaceships,
control machines in factories, work out
tomorrow’s weather, reserve seats on planes, pay
wages, play chess, write poetry or compose mu­
sic. Computers can also make translations from
one language into another.

150
 They are a great Help to a scholar, a doctor, a
teacher, a librarian, a composer, a designer, an
agronomist.
How much information computers can store in
their memories! They are ready to help people at
any moment. In fact,1 they can do many of the
things we do, but faster and better.
Today computers control nearly everything we
do in the world. They serve people in their daily
lives and work.
Questions:
l. Who invented the first calculating machine?
2. When was it?
3. What could this machine do?
4. When was a computer invented?
5. Why were the first computers very big?
6. What did scientists invent instead of electronic
tubes?
7. Are computers smaller in size now?
8. Can they do calculations faster?
9. What can computers do nowadays?
10. Whom are they a great help to?
11. Why are they used widely now?

1 in fact — фактически
OUR PETS

OUR PETS

The animals which we keep at home are our

pets. They can be dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea-
pigs, tortoises and birds. All boys and girls are
fond of pets, but pete need great care. You must
teach your pet to answer to his name, to under­
stand you, to do what you tell him. Be kind to
your pet, never make him angry. If you treat
your pet with care and love, he will become your
good friend.

THE DOG

The dog is very clever. He is the only animal

who always knows his
master and the friends
of his fam ily. He knows
his master by the tone
of his voice and even by
his looks.1
The dog is a good
companion and true
friend. He will guard

1 by his looks — в лицо (букв, по внешнему виду)

152
your life if som ething
happens to you. He
will work for you if
you train him. He
will hunt for you. He
will play with you.
All dogs were wild once. They belonged to the
same fam ily as the w olf and the fox. But people
tamed them, and now dogs are very useful to
man.
There are many kinds of dogs: the sheep-dog,
the Newfoundland dog, the St. Bernard dog, the
bulldog, the spaniel, the m astiff, the poodle, the
greyhound, the pointer, the terrier, the collie,
the dachshund1 and others.

Questions:
l. W hat animal8 can be pets?
2. Are boys and girls fond of pets?
3. How must you treat your pet?
4. Do pete need great care?
5. What can you teach your pet?
6. What is the only animal who knows his master?
7. W hat kinds of dogs do you know?
8. Do you have a pet dog?
9. W hat kind of dog is it?
10. What did you call your dog?
11. What things did you teach him to do?
12. How do you take care of your dog?

' sheep-dog fjupdog] — овчарка, Newfoundland

[nju'faundbnd] dog — ньюфаундленд, St.Bernard
[sant'bsinad] dog — сенбернар, bulldog fbuldsg] —
бульдог, spaniel ['spjcnjol] — спаниель, mastiff ['maesdf]
— мастиф (английский дог), poodle [‘purdl] — пудель,
greyhound fgreihaund] — борзая, pointer ['pomta] —
пойнтер, terrier ['tend] — терьер, collie ['kali] — колли,
dachshund [’dzkshund] — такса
153
 DO YOU KNOW HOW TO FEED A DOG?

A dog must be not too fat. Fat dogs are often

lazy. They get sick easily. Most dogs eat too
much. An old dog needs only two meals a day.
He must have meat but once a day. For his other
meal he may have cooked vegetables. Do not give
your dog chicken bones or fish bones.
A puppy must eat many times a day, but do not
give him meat before he is six months old. Milk is
good for him. He may also have vegetables.
Feed your dog from a clean dish. Take away
any food that he leaves after you have fed him.
How can you make sure that he has plenty of
water? Your dog must have plenty of clean, cool
water. It is a good thing to have a pan of water
where he can drink whenever he is thirsty.1

TAKE CARE OF YOUR DOG

• Give him a clean place to sleep in.

• Give him a dry mat to sleep in.
• Give him a warm place to sleep in winter.
• Give him a cool place to sleep in summer.

DOGS

The doge I know

Have many shapes
For some are big and tall,
And some are long,

1whenever he is thirsty ['9»:sti] —как только она saxo-

четпвть
154
 And some are thin,
And some are fat and small,
And some are little bits of fluff1
And have no shape at all.

A CLEVER DOG
A vessel was once driven by a storm on the
beach in England. Eight men were calling for help.
At that time a gentleman and his Newfoundland
dog came to the beach. He directed the attention2
of the noble animal to the vessel, and put a short
stick into his mouth. The clever and brave dog at
once understood him and jumped into the sea,
fighting his way through the waves. He could not,
however, get close enough to the vessel to give
them the stick, but the crew joyfully made fast a
rope3 to another piece of wood and threw it to­
wards him. The dog understood the whole business
in a moment. He dropped his own piece and imme­
diately took that which had been thrown to him.4
And then with great difficulty he dragged it
through the sea and gave it to his master. Soon
every man on board was saved.
Can You Answer?
1. Where was avessel once driven by a storm?
2. Who was calling for help?
S. Who came to the beach?

1bits of fluff [fl/\f] —пушистые

1 he directed the attention [э'1епГ(э)п] —он привлек вни­
мание
1made fast [fa:st] а rope —быстроприкрепилаверевку
4hadboonthrown to him—былброшейему
166
 4. What did the gentleman direct the attention of the
dog to?
5. What did he put into his mouth?
6. What did the clever dog then do, and how did the
crew act?
7. What did the dog understand at once?
8. What did he do with the rope thrown towards
him?
9. What followed?

BILL, THE FIREMAN’S DOG

Tom Wood was one of the bravest firemen who
saved more than one hundred men, women and
children from the flames. Much of Wood’s success,
however, was due1 to his wonderful dog Bill.
Bill, like hie master, had to be at his post of
duty during the whole night, and therefore he
slept during the day close to his master’s bed.
Bill did not allow his master to sleep too long.
Sometimes he woke him, if it was time to get up.
How the dog knew the time was a puzzle!
When the alarm of fire took place, Bill began
to bark most loudly. He was always near his mas­
ter at this moment. When the ladder was
erected, Bill was at the top before his master. He
jumped into the rooms, and amid thick smoke
and the approaching flames ran from room to
room, helping his master to find and bring out
the poor people.
Once the fire burned quickly, and the smoke in
the room became so thick that Wood and another
man could not find their way out. They were

1 was doe [dju:] — был благодаря

IN
afraid that their es­
cape was now hope­
less. Bill understood
the danger at once,
and he began to
bark. Wood and his
friend knowing this
to be the signal “Fol­
low me”, at once
crawled after Bill,
and in a few m inutes they were near the window
and thus their lives were saved. A fter that Bill
had a silver collar with the inscription
“I am the firem an’s dog. My name is Bill.
When “Fire” is called, I am never still.
I bark for my master all danger.
I am brave to bring the escape, man’s life for
to save.”

Questions:
1. W hat was Tom Wood?
2. W hat do you know about Bill?
3. Where did Bill have to be during the whole of the
night?
4. Where did he sleep during the day?
5. W hat is said of Bill’s waking his master and
knowing the time?
6. Where was Bill when the alarm of fire took place?
7. When did he bark most loudly?
8. Where was Bill as soon as the ladder was erected?
9. W hat did he do then?
10. W hat happened with Wood and his friend once?
11. How did Bill save his master and the other man?
12. W hat collar did Bill have after that?
13. W hat inscription was there on the collar?

ter
 THE CAT
Our cate were first tamed in
Egypt.
There are many kinds of
cats: white cats, black cate,
grey cats, red cats; cate with
long tails, cats with bushy tails,
cats with no tails at all. Cate
are clean and pretty.
They are very wise, and can find their way
anywhere.
You can make great friends with cats, but
they are not so loving as dogs. They are more
shy and independent. The cat has a nice coat. It
is made of fur, and the fur is very thick and
warm.
The cat’s feet have sharp claws. It can pull
them in, then its paws are eoft.
The cat’s eyes are green and yellow. It can see
in the dark and in the light. The light of the day
is too strong for its eyes, and it often shuts
them. But at night, when there is only a little
light, it opens its eyes very wide.
When the cat is happy, it sings. It says,
“Purr, purr.”

A nsw er Quickly!
1. Where were our house cats first tamed?
2. W hat kinds of cats are there today?
3. Can you make great friends with cats?
4. Are cats the same as dogs?
5. W hat can you say about the cat’s coat?
6. W hat do you know about the cat’s feet?
7. Why does the cat keep its eyes almost shut in the
day-time?
158
 8. Can it see in the dark?
9. When does the eat sing?
10. Do you have a cat?
11. What does your cat look like?

Do You Know...
that the English for “киска” is a pussy-cat?
that the English for “кошка” is a tib-cat?
that the English for “кот” is a tom-cat?

DO YOU KNOW
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF A CAT?

• Give your cat milk to drink.

• She likee meat and fish to eat.
• Always have clean water where your cat can
find it.
• Let your cat play in the grass.
• Put a little bell on her neck. The little bell
will ring. Then she cannot catch the birds.
They will hear her coming and fly away.

THE PUSSY-CAT

I have a little pussy-cat,

I love her very, very much.
Her eyes are bright, her tail is long,
Her fur is soft to touch;
I often stroke my pussy-cat,
And then she purrs, you see;
Because I love my pussy,
And pussy-cat loves me!
IN
 She is sometimes very bad and sad,
And sometimes so am I;
But afterwards w e’re good again,
A t least1 we always try;

And if grown-ups are cross with u s,2

We don’t care much, you see;
Because I love my pussy,
And my pussy-cat loves me!

CHARLES DICKENS’S CAT

Charles Dickens, the famous English writer,

had a pet cat named W illiamina. When her first
six kittens appeared, she brought them, one by
one, into the author’s library. He could not allow
this, and put them out again. But the mother
came six tim es through the open window, and
placed her little ones, one at a tim e, at his feet.
He had to allow them to stay.
One of the kittens was deaf, and Dickens kept
this one, giving the others away. She was always
known as “The Master’s Cat,” and no other name
was given to her. Dickens loved his silent com­
panion, which sat close to him while he wrote;
and when he went into the garden, she followed
him like a dog.
One evening, as Dickens was reading and the
cat was sittin g near his book on the table, the
candle suddenly went out. He lit it again, patted
his pussy and went on with his reading.

1 at least [li st] — по крайней мере

2 are сгом with us — сердятся на нас
 A few moments later, he noticed something
come between his book and the light. Looking
up, he saw how the cat was putting her paw to­
wards the candle flame, and at the same time
looking at him. Dickens knew what she wanted.
Pussy was tired of sitting still, and wanted the
usual evening game with her master. So he at
once closed his book and played with her till bed­
time.
Do You Remember?
1. What was the cat’s name?
2. What did the cat do when her first six kittens ap­
peared?
3. Why did Dickens allow the kittens to stay in the
library?
4. What kitten did Dickens keep?
5. What name was she given?
6. Why did Dickens love his silent companion?
7. What happened one evening as Dickens was read­
ing?
8. What did the cat want?

THE PARROT

The parrot is an interesting pet, because you

can teach it to talk. It can learn to imitate the
words which it has heard even seldom. It can be
very tame.
Parrots eat fruit and nuts, they like cherries
best of all because of the stones.1 The beak of the
parrot is very sharp, and it cracks these stones
easily.
1 because of the stones — ив-аа косточек
(i is * V» I3S 161
 Parrots like to bathe very much.
Captive parrots live very long, usually about
75 years, sometimes 100 years.

PAPAQALLO
My brother had a tame Amazon
parrot named Papagallo, which
had a talent for speech. As long as
he lived with us in the country, he
flew freely around. A talking par­
rot that flies from tree to tree and
at the same time says human
words gives a much more comical
effect1 than one that sits in a cage
and does the same thing. When
Papagallo with loud cries of
“Where is the dog?” flew about
the village, it was very funny.
Papagallo feared nothing and nobody except
the chimney-sweep. Birds fear things which are
above. As the black man stood up on the chimney-
stack, Papagallo fell into a panic2 and flew so far
away that we feared he might not come back.
Months later, when the chimney-sweep came
again, Papagallo was sitting on the roof. All at
once I saw that he grew long and thin and was
looking at the village street, then he flew up and
away,crying again and again, “The chimney­
sweep is coming, the chimney-sweep is coming."

1 gives m much more comical ['кэоик(э)1] effect [x'fekt] —

производит гораздо более забавное впечатление
2 fell into a panic ['раиик] — пугался
162
The next moment the black man walked through
the doorway of the yard.
Unfortunately I could not find out how often
Papagallo had seen the chimney-sweep before and
how often he had heard these words. But he had
certainly not heard it more than three times and,
each time, only once at an interval of months.
Questions:
1. What can you say about the parrot Papagallo?
2. Why was Papagallo frightened of the chimney­
sweep?
3. When the chimney-sweep was at work, how did
Papagallo behave?
4. What words did he cry flying away?
5. Why was it surprising1 that the parrot had learned
to say these words?

1 why was it surprising [sa'praiziq] — почему было удиви­

тельно
HOW WE TRAVEL

TRAVELLING

People are fond of travelling. They travel for

pleasure or on business.1 People can travel by
train, by plane, by ship, by car, by bus, on horse­
back, on a sledge or on foot.
Large ships, airplanes and trains carry passen­
gers to different parts of this country and
abroad. When we are going to travel, we buy
tickets. On the eve of the departure we pack our
luggage into a suitcase, a bag, or a rucksack.
Then we go to a railway station if we travel by
train, or to the airport if we travel by air.
It is very pleasant, interesting and useful to
travel, because we visit different cities and see a
lot of places of interest,2 we see places full of
wonders, we enjoy nature, we learn more about
people’s traditions.
Questions:
1. How do people travel?
2. Where do ships, airplanes and trains carry passen­
gers?
3. What must all the passengers have if they are go­
ing to travel?
4. What do they do on the eve of the departure?

1 on business [Ъшив] — no деду

1 places of interest — достопримечательности
164
 5. Where do people usually pack their luggage?
6. Where do people go if they travel by train (by
plane)?
7. Why is it interesting and useful to travel?
8. Are you fond of travelling?
9. What parts of our country have you been to?
10. Who do you travel with?

A RAILWAY STATION1

A railway station is a place where trains stop.

If we want to travel by train we must go to the
railway station. There we see many people. They
wait for the train. The passengers must come be­
fore the train starts. If they do not come in time
the train will not wait for them, and they will be
late. They will miss the train.
All the passengers show their tickets to a
guard and board the train.
When the time comes for the train to start, all
the passengers must take their seats. The engine
gives a whistle, and the train goes off.
But a train cannot go without a driver. The
driver drives the train and stops it at the right
stations.
Questions:
1. What is a railway station?
2. Where must you go if you want to travel by train?
3. When must the passengers come to the railway
station?
4. Whom do they show their tickets when they board
the train?

1 railway station ['reilwei 'steijn] — вокзал

 What do the passengers do when the time comee
for the train to start?
в. Who drives a train?
7. How does he know when to start?

DIFFERENT TRAINS

A steam train.1
It is pulled by a steam-engine.2
This train can travel a long way.

An electric train.
It is very quick.
It is used for short trips.3

______
^ ES^C CSSCSSБ2fiv
jfij щ ш ® ш и ш и ll
н- ____ _
%
Jl ш

a steam train — паровик

it is polled by a steam-engine — его тянет паровоз
it is need foe abort trips — это поеад ближнего следо­
вания (букв, его используют для коротких повадок)
166
 A goods train.
It carries loads from one part of the country
to another.

Can Yon Answer?

Have you ever travelled by train?
If so, tell us about your trip.
Where did you go?
Who went with you?
W hat kind of train was it?

TRAINS
Over the mountains,
Over the plains,
Over the rivers,
Here come the trains.
Carrying1 passengers,
Carrying mail,
Bringing their loads1
Without fail.*
Over the mountains,
Over the plains,
Over the rivers,
Here come the trains.
' carrying [luefun] — вевут
1 bringing their loads [loudz] — доставляют грузы
1 without fail [fell] — точно в срок
167
 THE LITTLE RED ENGINE

Once there lived a littlo Red Engine. It lived

in a big shed near the station. Every morning it
came out of its shed and went on its first jour­
ney.1
When the Little Red Engine left the station, it
gave a long whistle. This whistle meant, “It’s
time to go. It’s time to go. Good-bye! Good-bye!"
All the animals heard this whistle and cried,
“Good morning, Little Red Engine! Good morn­
ing!”
The little dog, the ducks on the pond, the don­
key, the cat, the sheep on the hill, all cried,
“Good morning, Little Red Engine!”
But the Little Red Engine said nothing to
them till it got to the top of the hill and then it
gave a whistle, “Good morning! Good morning!”
And on it went, down the other side of the hill
as fast as it could.3
There were ten crossings and at each crossing
a car or a truck waited for the Little Red Engine
to go by.* And they cried, “Hurry up, Little Red
Engine! Hurry up, Little Red Engine!” The Little
Red Engine only said, “Good-bye! Good-bye!” And
on it went to the end of its journey.
But one morning there was no Little Red En­
gine! All the animals said, “What’s wrong with
the Little Red Engine? Where is the Little Red
Engine?”
1 went on it* first journey ['<1зэ:ш] — отправлялся в свой
первый рейс
* and on it went... ля fast шв it could — и он мчался
дальше... на всех парах (букв, так быстро, как он мог)
1 waited for the Little Red Engine to go by — ждали,
пока проедет красный парововик
168
 And the cars and the trucks went over the
crossings very much surprised that nobody
stopped them.
And what was wrong with the Little Red En­
gine? The Little Red Engine was ill. It could not
come out of its shed. Its driver ran for a me­
chanic and said to him, “The Little Red Engine is
ill. Can you come and help him?” The mechanic
came to the shed and looked at the Little Red
Engine. Then he went away for a short time.
Soon he came back with the medicine for the
Little Red Engine. It was oil. The driver gave it
to the Little Red Engine.
The moment it ate the oil it started.1
As the Little Red Engine left the station, it
gave a long whistle and this time it meant, MWe
are late this morningl We are late this morning!”
and on it went faster and faster.

' The moment it ate the oil it started. — Как только oa

проглотил масло, он двинулся в путь.
 The animals heard the whistle and cried,
“What was wrong with you, Little Red Engine?
We are glad to see you.” But the Little Red En­
gine did not hear them, it ran as fast as it could.
The cars and the trucks at the crossings had no
time to say “Hurry up!” for the Little Red En­
gine rushed past them. On and on went1 the
Little Red Engine to the end of its journey and
came back to its shed not one minute late. The
driver got out of the Little Red Engine, gave it
some oil again and said, “You are a brick!”3
The Little Red Engine gave a short whistle
and went happily to sleep.
Answer Quickly!
1.Who lived in a big shed near the station?
2.What did the Little Red Engine do every morning?
8.When did it give a long whistle?
4.What did this whistle mean?
5.What did the animals say when they heard the
whistle?
в. Who waited for the Little Red Engine at the cross­
ings?
7. What did cars and trucks cry?
8. What happened to the Little Red Engine one
morning?
9. Who came to help it?
10. What did the mechanic bring?
11. Did the Little Red Engine start when it ate the
oil?
12. Did it run as fast вs it could?
18. Why did it run so fast?
14. Did the Little Red Engine come back to its shed
late?
15. What did the driver say to it?
1 OB and on went — все дальше и дальше мчался
1 Yon are a brick! — Молодец!
170
 Answers to Riddles on page 146
1. A clock
2. A page of a book

AIRPLANES
Many, many years after the first people went
up in a balloon, men began to make airplanes.
The first airplanes we had were small. They
could not fly far.

Now we make very big airplanes. They can fly

a long way. They carry people from one city to
another and from one cotmtry to another as
well.1 They travel very fast. Big airplanes have a

pilot and a co-pilot.2 The pilot is the captain of

the airplane. He studies the maps of the way. He
studies the. weather reports.
1 as well — а также
* pilot ['paibt] — пилот; co-pilot [Icou'paibt] — второй пи­
лот
171
 The passengers sit in armchairs in a long
cabin. There are seat belts on every chair. Just
before the plane starts, the passengers must fast­
en their seat belts.
A Game of Words
Some words look like other words.
Some words sound the same as other words. But
they mean different things.
Read these sentences and put in to or two.
1. Our class goes_____ the airport.
2. We want ____ learn more about airplanes.
8. We were told1 _____come a t______ o’clock.
4. A bus will take us _____ the airport.
6. _____ airplanes will land at ______o'clock.
6. When we come back______ school, we shall draw
pictures of airplanes.
7. We want _____ show them ______our friends.
Discuss the Problem
Since early days people have dreamed of flying in
the sky. In the 20th century airplanes appeared. Now
we can travel by air and by train.
Sometimes we don’t know what means of trans­
port to choose: a plane or a train. There are some
pros and cons* of each means of transport.
Read them and think of some more.
Plane Train
For For
1. The speed is very high. l.W e can go by train
in any weather.

1 we were told — нам сказали

1 pro* [prouz] and eons [lcanz] — за в против
172
2. The flight is very short.
3. We can see beautiful
clouds in the sky.
2. We can travel in com
fort.
8. It takes us little time
to get to the railway
station.
4. There are porters who
will carry our luggage.

Against Against
1. A plane is not a very safe 1. The trip is rather long.
means of transport. 2. The speed is not very
2. It takes us a lot of time to high.
get to the airport.
3. If the weather is cloudy
we can sit in the airport
and wait for our plane
for hours.

Discuss the problem and make a decision.1

THE BRAVE PILOT

Jane was ill. She could not run and play. She
could not eat. She was very, very ill.
“There is just one thing that will help Jane,”
said Doctor Hunt.
“What is that?” asked the girl's father. “We
must get it at once.”
“I haven’t got this medicine,” said Doctor
Hunt. “We must get it as soon as we can from a
far-away city.”
Jane’s home was in the North. She lived where
there is snow on the ground most of the time.1
1 make • decision [di'si3(o)n] — править решение
1 most of the time — почтя круглый год (букв, большую
часть временя)
17*
 “Doctor, please send a telegram for it at once.
They will bring us that medicine by airplane,”
said Jane’s father.
So Doctor Hunt sent a telegram to a doctor in
the far-away city.
The doctor in the far-away city came to the
airport. He told the captain about the sick girl.
“Time is short,”1 he said. “The only way is to
send the medicine by air.”
So the captain went and told his men about
the sick girl in the far North. One of the pilots
said at once, “Give the bottle to me. I shall take
it to her.” He took the bottle and got into hi»
airplane. In a few minutes he was off.2
The brave pilot flew on and on8 all day. He
flew on and on all night. He did not see any
houses, any lights. He saw nothing but snow eve­
rywhere. Jane’s father and many other people
got up early that day. They were all waiting for
the airplane.
Suddenly they saw the airplane far off in the
sky.
“There it comes!4 There it comes!” cried Jane's
father. Soon they saw it land6 on the snow.
Jane’s father ran up to it.
The pilot gave him the medicine.
The brave pilot was cold and very tired. But
he was happy. He knew that now the girl was
safe.*
1 time is short — время не ждет
* In a few minntes he was off. — Через несколько минут
он поднялся в воздух.
1 flow [flu:] on and on — продолжал лететь
4 ТЪеге it comeet — Летит!
* they saw it land — они увидели, как он прнаемлнлся
' was safe — была в безопасности
174
 Yes or No?
1. Waa Jane ill?
2. Could she run and play?
3. Did the doctor have the medicine to help her?
4. Did Jane live in the warm South?
5. Was there snow on the (round moet of the time?
6. Did the doctor send a telegram to get the medi­
cine?
7. Did he send a telegram to a far-away city?
8. Did the doctor tell the captain about the sick girl?
9. Was there a pilot who flew to the North?
10. Did he bring the medicine to Jane?

TRAVELLING

I like to ride in a bright red tram,

On a fine and sunny day,
And hear it going clang! clang! clang!1
When someone is in the way.1
I like to ride in a railway train
Through tunnels dark and wide,
Over the bridges crossing the river.
I feel so safe inside.
But an airplane is the best of all,
It flies so very high
That people look like tiny dots,
And clouds go sailing by.'

1 and hear it going eUmg! eUmgl eUmgt — ■ слышать,

как ов трезвонят вовсю (ebutg — звукоподражательное
слово)
1 is in the way — здесь оказывается на рельсах
* and clouds go sailing by — а мимо плывут облака
178
 THE PILOT’S PET

WHY THE CHILDREN CAME

TO THE FLYING HELD

On the first day of school Mike told the other

children about flying home1 in an airplane. He
told them all about the flying field, the airplanes
and the pilots.
Tom asked the teacher, “May we visit a flying
field?”
“Yes, you may. We shall go there soon.”
Some days later they went to the flying field.
Oh, how interesting it was!
The children looked at all the airplanes.
“I have never seen an airplane land,”2 said
Mike. “When we landed I was inside. But I want
to see it very much.”
“An airplane will be in very soon,” said the
man at the field. “It will land right here.* You
will meet4 the pilot of this airplane. He has a
little pet. He always takes his pet with him when
he is flying.”
“What is it?” asked Mike. “Is it a dog?”
“No,” said the man, “it is not a dog. Guess
again.”
“Is it a cat?” asked Tom.
“No,” said the man, “it is not a cat. Guess
once more.”
“Is it a pet crow?” asked Ann.

1 about flying home — как он летел домой

1 I have never seen an airplane land — я никогда не ви­
дел, как приземляется самолет
s right here — как раа на этом месте
4 yon will meet — вы познакомитесь с...
176
 “No, it is not a pet crow,” said the man.
“What is it, then?” asked Tom. “Do tell us.”1
“You will see it when the pilot gets out of his air­
plane,” said the man. “He will show you his pet.”

WHAT THE PILOT’S PET WAS

The children looked up in the sky. They looked

and looked, but they didn’t see the airplane.
Suddenly the man called out, “Look, children!
Look up in the sky!”
The big blue airplane came on and on. Then it
flew down to the ground. It ran along for a little
way. Soon it stopped.
“Now we shall see the pilot’s pet,” said Jack.
The pilot got out of the airplane. But the chil­
dren did not see his pet. He put his hand down
into the pilot’s cabin and took out something.
“That must be the pet,” said Ann. But no, it
was a bag of mail.
Then the pilot walked
to the boys and girls.
“Hello, children,”
said he. “Have you come
to see the airplanes?”
“Yes,” said Jack. “We
came to see the air­
planes. And we also
want to see your pet.
Will you please show it
to us?”
“Oh,” said the pilot, “here it is.”

1 Do toll ив. — Расскажите, пожалуйста. (Глагол do

употребляется для усиления просьбы.)
177
 The pilot put hie hand into hie coat and took
out a little squirrel.
The squirrel ran up on the pilot’s shoulder.
There it sat and looked at the children with its
big brown eyes. Then the pilot put the little
squirrel back into his pocket. He said good-bye to
the children.
Then he got into his airplane. At once the en­
gine began to work.
Then up, up, it went again into the sky.
Questions:
1. Where did the children go?
2. What did they look at there?
8. What did the pilot have In hie airplane?
4. What waa his pet?
5. Where did the squirrel alt?
6. Did the pilot always take his pet with him?

PILOTS

In the sky,
Very high,
Very high
The pilots fly.
Through the rain
And wind and snow
To and fro1
They come and go.

1 to amd fro [tu: and frou] — туда ■ обратно

17В
 THE HELICOPTER1

This is a special kind2 of airplane. It has no

w in g s and no propeller in front. It has a big pro­
peller on its top. The propeller whirls around*
and pulls the helicopter through the air.

V ’«CliftU C L

The helicopter can rise straight up4 off the

g ro u n d or come straight down to land. It
does
not need an airport. It can land on the roof
of a
house or on a small piece of ground.

Questions:
1. W hat is a helicopter?
2. Does it have w ings?
3. W hat does a helicopter have on its top?
4. How can it rise o ff the ground?
5. Does it need an airport to land?

1 helicopter fhelikapto] — вертолет

2 special kind ['spcjbl kaind] — особый вид
3 to w hirl [wo l] around — вертеться
4 s tra ig h t [streit] up — прямо вверх
179
 BOATS AND SHIPS

Ships are built of1 wood or of iron. They may

be sailing-ships, steam-shipe, motor vessels, cut­
ters2 and others.
Boats are moved along by oars or by sails.*
Sometimes one man rows with two oars. Some­
times two men row, or four, or six.
The front part of a boat or ship is called the
bow.4 And the back part is called the stem.4 The
part of a boat or ship which is the deepest in the
water is called the keel.
If the captain wants to stop the ship and stand
still, he tells the sailors to let down the anchor.'
Along the seashore there are places where the
water is deep. These are good places for boats
and ships to anchor.7 These are harbours.*
Harbours are busy9 places. Big ships set out
all the time to sail across the seas and the
oceans. Little ships move in and out among the
big ones.10
Now we have many big and beautiful ships.
They carry thousands of people. It is very pleasant
to travel by ship.
1 ships are built [bilt] of — корабли строятся из
1 sailing-ships, steam-shipe, motor vessels, cotters —
парусные суда, пароходы, теплоходы, катера
* Boats are moved along by oars [azj or by sails. — Лод­
ки приводятся в движение веслами или парусами.
4 is called the bow [bau] — называется носом корабля
* is called the stern — называется кормой
* to let down the anchor ['anjka] — бросить якорь
7 good places... to anchor — места, удобные для якорной
стоянки
* harbours ['ha:boz] — гавани
* busy [*bizi] — здесь оживленные
10the big ones * the big ship*
180
 Questions:
1. W hat different kinds of shipe do you know?
2. How are boats moved along?
3. W hat do we call the front part of a boat?
4. W hat do we call the part of a boat or ship which is
the deepest in the water?
5. W hat does the captain do if he wants to stop the
ship?
6. What are harbours?

JACK'S NEW BOAT

One day Jack saw a

pretty boat in a toy­
shop. It had white
sails and a red flag.
“I am sure it will sail
fast,” thought Jack.
He wanted to have
the boat very much.
On his birthday his
I'ncle Jim gave him
some money, and he
went to the shop and
bought the boat. How
glad he was! “Isn’t it
a fine boat?” he said to his sister Ann, when he
showed it to her. “Come and see how well it
sails!”
So Ann and Jack went to the shore, where
there was a large pool among the rocks. They put
the boat into the water, and it sailed like a real
ship. But suddenly a strong wind came. It struck
the sails, and the boat lay on one side, with its
mast and sails in the water.
i*i
 Jack put it straight1 again, but his pretty new
boat could not sail at all. So Jack and Ann took
the boat and went home. They were very unhappy.
When Uncle Jim saw the boat, he said, “Oh, this
boat won't sail. It is just a thick piece of wood,
cut to look like a boat.2 But a good boat must be
hollow inside, and have a deck and a heavy keel.”
Jack thought long about Uncle Jim's words.
At last he went with Ann to the joiner and asked
for a hammer, an axe and a plane. Jack worked
at the boat for a long time. He made it hollow in­
side. Then he made a deck with a thin piece of
wood and fixed it on* with little nails.
First he did not know how to make a keel, but
at last he thought of a way.4
He had an old hammer-head, and he wanted to
fix it to the bottom as a keel. So he put a big
button over the hole in the hammer-head. Then
he drove6 a long nail through the button into the
bottom of the boat.
In this way6 Jack fixed on the hammer-head to
the boat like a keel.
Jack put up the mast and sails and ran with
Ann to try the boat. They put it in the water and
waited for the wind. The wind came, but this
boat did not lie on its side. It sailed away across
the pond.

1 pot it straight [streit] — привел ее в правильное поло­

жение
* eat to look like a boat — вырезанный в форме лодки
(букв, так, чтобы он был похож на лодку)
* fixed it on — здесь прибил ее
4 thought [0o:t] of a way — придумал способ
* drove — здесь вколотил
* in this way — таким образом
182
 When Uncle Jim eaw Jack’s work, he was very
pleased. On Jack’s next birthday he gave him a
new toy ship with beautiful sails and a heavy
keel. So Jack had two boats that could sail the
sea.

Is It True?
Read these sentences and say which of them are true
and which are not.

Jack saw a boat in a toy-ehop.

He had some money, and he bought the boat.
He did not like the boat.
The boat could not sail.
Jack and Ann did not take the boat home.
They were very unhappy.
Jack worked at the boat for a long time.
He made a deck.
He could not make a keel.
The boat did not sail again.
Uncle Jim was not pleased with Jack’s work.

I WISH I KNEW1

When the ships go sailing by,2

I watch their smoke across the sky.
Where do they go beyond the blue?*
I wish I knew, I wish I knew.

1I wish I knew—ятакхотелбызнать
*go sailing by—проплывают
*beyoad[bi'jaod] the Ыне —здесь вбесконечнуюснневу;
ниже —ваморями
 May be in the years to be 1
I shall sail across the sea,
And find what lies beyond the blue.
I wish I knew, I wish I knew!

TRAVELLING BY CAR

The first cars appeared on the roads at the end

of the 19th century. Nowadays there are a lot of
cars in the streets. In some cities there are so
many cars that it is very difficult to find some
place for parking a car. But we cannot imagine
our life without a car now.
For many people there is nothing better than
to travel by car, and they like to spend part of
their holiday on a motor tour. They go to inter­
esting places they have not been to before. If the
weather is fine, they think they will have a very
pleasant holiday. A fast and comfortable car is a
good thing, but the roads are crowded* and you
must be very careful. You must always remember
the traffic rules.
You just sit down at the wheel, switch on the
motor, step on the pedal with your foot and off
the car goes. A car gives you the opportunity to
travel and see the world around. You can see
much more of the country than you do* in a
plane or in a train. You can see magnificent
views on your way — the fields, the woods, the
streets of the towns you pass through. You can
go as slowly or as fast as you wish, stop when
1 in the yean to be — в будущем
* are crowded [’kraudid] — переполнены народом
* you do * yon see
184
and where you choose; you park your car on the
side of the road, get out and go where you like.
A car carries your luggage and gives you com­
fort while travelling.
If there is not enough petrol in the tank, you
drive up to a filling station for some more.
If you drive carefully, you will enjoy yourself.
Can Yon Answer?
1. Have you ever travelled by car?
2. Where did you go?
3. Whom did you go to?
4. Who was a driver?
5. Can we say that a car gives us the opportunity to
see the world around? Why?
6. What advantages does travelling by car have?
7. What does a driver do when thereis not enough
petrol in his tank?

IF YOU ARE DRIVING IN THE FOG

• Slow down as soon as you see fog on the

road.
• Always drive at such a speed1 that you can
stop in half the distance between yourself
and the car in front.
• Don’t try to overtake.2
• Switch off your headlights and windscreen
wipers3 as soon as there’s fog. Open the
windows.
• Fasten your seat belts!

1 at such • speed — на такой скорости

* to overtake — обгонять
1 windscreen wipers ['waipaz] — стеклоочистители
1B5
 FOR THOSE WHO LIKE TO TRAVEL

One day a Paris newspaper gave an advertise­

ment about a very cheap and pleasant way of
travelling — for 25 centimes.1 Many people be­
lieved it and sent the money.
A few days later each of them got a letter.
The letter read, “Sir, rest in bed and remember
that the Earth turns. Paris stands at the 49th
parallel. At the 49th parallel you travel more
than 25,000 kilometres a day. You may look out
of the window and watch the beautiful sky.”
Discuss the Problem
You know about the advantages of travelling by
car. You can’t im agine your life w ithout a car. A t
the same tim e a car makes us su ffer sometimes, be­
cause:
1) it causes air pollution;
2) it causes traffic jams;
8) many people are killed or injured in car accidents;
4) it gives noise;
5) we don't walk and it makes harm to our health.
So is a car our friend or enemy?
Discuss the problem and make a decision.1

1 centime [Wnti:m] — сантим (мелкая монета во Фран­

ции)
* make • decision [di'si^sjn] — принять решение
 WHO HELPS US

PEOPLE WHO WORK FOR US

Every day many people work
for us. Let us call them our help­
ers.
How does a farmer help us?
A farmer helps us to have good
things to eat. He grows all kinds
of corn and vegetables for us.
How does a baker1 help us?
A baker makes bread for us.
How does a postman2 help us?
A postman brings us letters
from our friends.
How does a militiaman* help
us?
He sees that the laws of the
country are obeyed.4
He stands at the street crossing
and looks after the traffic.
He does not let people cross
streets in wrong places. People
can ask him the way.
How does a fireman6 help us?
1 baker [Ъакэ] — пекарь
* poetman ['poustman) — почтальон
* militiaman [mi'lijaman] — милиционер
4 are obeyed [sbeid] — выполнялись
1 fireman ['faioman] — пожарник
187
 He comes when somebody’s
house is on fire and puts out the
fire. He carries little children out
of the burning house and saves
their lives.
How does a barber1 help us?
He cuts our hair, he shaves
grown-up men.
How does a hairdresser help us?
She cuts and dresses women’s
hair.
How does a doctor help us?
He helps us when we are ill.
He gives us medicine.
How does a dressmaker2 help us?
She makes our clothes.
How does a teacher help us?
He teaches us many interesting
things.
How does an engine driver* help
us?
He drives a train for us.
How does a miner help us?
He digs coal for us.
Say What They Do
1. A postman 6. A fireman
2. A baker 7. An engine
driver
8. A farmer 8. A dressmaker
4. A doctor 9. A miner
5. A barber 10. A militiaman

1 barber [Wbol — парикмахер

1 dressma ker [ dres ,meika] — портниха
* engine [ 'endjm] driver — машинист
186
THE MOST IMPORTANT MAN IN THE VILLAGE

One evening the men who lived in the village

were sitting in the coffee-shop and talking about
their work. Among the men there were the wood­
cutter, the shoemaker, the baker, the tailor, the
fisherman, the shopkeeper, the teacher, the
farmer and the butcher.
The baker said, “I am the most important man
in the village. You must all have bread every
day. I bake it for you. If I do not bake bread eve­
ry day, can you have bread to eat? You will be
hungry and you cannot do your work.”
They all started to shout. Each man said that
he was the most important man in the village.
The woodcutter said, “You must have wood
for your fires. I cut it and bring it to the village.
If I do not cut wood for you every day, can you
cook your food and keep yourselves warm? With­
out food you cannot do your work.”
The shoemaker said, “You cannot walk with­
out shoes. I make them for you. I must be the
most important man in the village!”
The butcher said, “You must eat meat to make
you strong. You get your meat from me. I am
the most important man here.”
The fisherman said, “You eat fish several
times a week. I am the only fisherman in the vil­
lage. You cannot eat meat at every meal. I am
certainly as important as the butcher.”
The shopkeeper said, “You want plates, cups
and saucers. You ask me for paper for a letter,
and pens and pencils. You buy them from me.
You cannot buy them from any other shop in the
village. Of course, I am the most important man
in the village.”
 The farmer said that he was the most impor­
tant mAn in the village. Hte grew rice and corn
for them, and sold eggs and milk to them.
“All your children come to my school,” said
the teacher. “They must learn their lessons. I am
the only teacher in the village. They cannot learn
their lessons if they do not come to school. I am
certainly the most important man in the village.”
At last a very old man, sitting at the back of
the shop, got up. He walked towards the other
men. He said, “I am old. I am not strong. I am
very weak and I cannot work. My son works for
me. He gives me food and clothes. I think you
are all very foolish. Not one of you is the most
important. You all live together and you work
for each other. The farmer grows our food, but
he must have fish. The fisherman catches the
fish for him. The tailor makes your clothes, but
he must have shoes to wear. If the shoemaker
does not make shoes for the tailor, can the tailor
have shoes? He cannot walk about without shoes.
You are all important because your work helps
all of us. We must try to live together happily
and to help each other.” Then the baker got an­
gry. He said, “You do not do any work, old man.
How do you help us? You are not an important
man in the village.” The old man answered, “It is
true that I am old and cannot do any work. But
perhaps I can help you. I may be a little wiser
than you. I can tell you how to live happily to­
gether and how to behave yourselves. Perhaps
that is why I am a little more important than
any of you.”
Read and Answer
What? Who? Which? Where? When? Whose?
190
 WHAT SHALL I BE?

When I grow up, what shall I be?

A captain brave, probably.
Captains sail from sea to sea.
So, a captain brave I want to be.
Yes, to be a captain is good, but, however
To be a doctor is much better.
Doctors cure the ill and old.
Doctors cure from fever, aches and cold.
Yes, to be a doctor is good, but, however
To be a pilot is much better.
Pilots fly up very high,
Into the bright or cloudy sky.
Yes, to be a pilot is good, but, however
To be a spaceman is much better.
Rocket ships take spaceman high
To other planets in the sky.
Yes, to be a spaceman is good, but, however
To be a teacher is much better.
Teachers teach us to solve problems right,
How to count, to read and write.
Yes, to be a teacher is good, but, however
To be a builder is much better.
All the buildings that we see
Builders made for you and me.
Yes, to be a builder is good, but, however
To be a worker is much better.
Workers make cars, planes and machines,
Ships, trains and other things.
101
 Yes, to be a worker is good, but, however
It's hard to say what is better.
To choose now, what I shall be
Is impossible, as you see.
But when I am a man,1 when I am a man,
I hope I'll do great things; and then,
Whatever I do,1 this thing I'll say:
I'll do my work in the very best way.*
And you will see, if you know me then,4
I shall be a good and useful man,
When I am a man.

Do You Know?
1. Who works in the open air?
2. Who works under the earth?
8. Who sits still all day long?
4. Who has dirty work to do?
б. Who has to be on his legs all day?
6. Who does brain work?
7. Who must be very attentive?
8. Who must be very polite?
9. Whose Job deals with animals?
10. Whose Job deals with children?
11. Whose Job deals with sick people?
12. Whose Job deals with our food?
18. Whose Job deals with books?
14. Whose Job deals with shoes?
16. Whose job deals with articles of clothing?

1 whea I am a в ав — когда я вырасту

* whatever I do — что бы я ни делал
* in the тегу beat way — самым лучшим образом
4 if yon know me then — если вы тогда меня уанаете
182
 SMILE WITH US!
AT THE BARBER’S1
Once a boy of fifteen, who wanted very much
to grow up, went into a barber’s shop. He sat
down in the chair and asked the barber to shave
him. The barber lathered his chin and then went
to speak to a friend. The boy waited a long time,
and then he called the barber and said, “What
are you waiting for?” “I am waiting for your
beard to grow,”2 said the barber.
LITTLE DORIS
Doris was a little girl, and she went to school
for the first time. When she came home, her
mother asked her: “Did you like your teacher,
Doris?” Doris thought a minute, and said, “Yes,
I liked her, but I don’t think she knows much.”
“How is that?”8 asked her mother. “Oh,” said
Doris, “because she asked us questions all the
time.”
WHAT’S THE NUMBER?
A little boy went to school for the first time.
He was only six years old. When he was in the
classroom, the teacher took out a big book
where he wrote the names and addresses of the
new pupils. The teacher asked the little boy,
“Where do you live?” The little boy did not an­
swer. He did not know the number of his house.

1 a t the barber's — в парикмахерской

2 I am waiting for your beard [biad] to grow — я жду,
чтобы у тебя отросла борода
* How is that? — То есть как?
7 з*к * 1.Л5 198
Then the teacher told him to bring it the next
day.
When the boy came to school the next day, the
teacher aeked him, “Have you brought the num­
ber of your house?”
“No, I haven’t,” said the boy, “it was nailed so
fast that I could not get it off.”1
HARRY’S QUESTION
Harry was six. He had a very bad toothache.2
He could not eat, he could not play, he could not
sleep at night. Harry’s father took him to the
dentist. The dentist pulled out three of Harry’s
teeth.

After that Harry cried and said, “Oh, how

shall I eat now?”
But the dentist said, “Don’t cry, little boy!
Your teeth will grow again.”
1 it was nailed so fast that I coaid not get it off — он
был так крепко прибит, что я не мог его оторвать
* bad toothache ['tu:9eik] — сильная зубная боль
194
 THE DOCTOR’S ADVICE
Once an old man went to see a doctor. He said
he felt Ш and tired. The doctor examined1 him
and said, “You must have a rest. Go to the coun­
try for a month, go to bed early, drink milk, go
for long walks, and smoke only one cigar a day.”
“Thank you very much,” said the old man.
“I shall do everything as you say.”

A month later the man came to the doctor

again. “How are you?” said the doctor, “I am
very glad to see you. You look much better.”
“Oh, doctor,” said the old man, “I am quite
well now. I had a good rest. I went to bed early.
I drank milk. I went for long walks. Your advice
helped me. But you told me to smoke one cigar a
day and that one cigar a day almost killed me at
first. It’s no joke to begin smoking at my age.”2

> examined [ig'zsmmd] — осмотрел

1 It’s no Joke to begin smoking at my age. — Начать ку­
рить в моем возрасте — это не шутка.
196
 THE DOCTOR

When I am ill I go to bed

And on the pillow lay my head.
The doctor comes and says, “Dear me!1
Whatever can the matter be?”2
He feels my pulse* and sees my tongue,4
He tests my heart and then each lung;
He asks how old I am, and then
He takes his paper and his pen,
And makes a note of things6 that taste
So horrid, that I’m sure it’s waste®
To take them. But he says, “Each noon
Take this, and you’ll be better soon.”
RIDDLES
Here are some riddles for you. Try and guess!

What Am I?
1. I get up very early.
I go from house to house.
I bring people letters.
2. I stand in the street.
I stop the cars.
I help the children.

1 Dear met — Боже мой! (выражение удивления)

1 Whatever сев the matter be? — Что бы это могло слу­
читься?
* feels my poise — щупает пульс
4 tongue [Uij] — язык
* makes a note of things — здесь выписывает лекарства
* Г т sore Цйэ] it’s waste — я уверен, что бесполееио
 3. I always have a pair of scissors,1 a brush
and a comb.
I cut hair and shave men.
4. I have a white apron and a white cap on.
I make bread and cakes.
5. I ride on an engine.
I work very hard.
I put out the fire.

Revision Questions2
Read these questions and answer them.

1. What does the sun look like?

2. What can we see in the sky at night?
3. When can we see a rainbow?
4. What do you know about thunder and lightning?
б. What is a wind?
в. In what forms do we have water?
7. What can you say about sea-water?
8. What is a sponge?
9. Where do we get wood?
10. How do we use wood?
11. What kinds of trees do you know?
12. What trees do we call evergreen?
18. What tropical fruit-trees do you know?
14. What do people make of cotton?
15. What do people make of flax?
1в. What do men make from the seeds of wheat?
17. Where does sugar come from?
18. What is coffee?
19. What is cocoa?
20. What is gold?
21. How do we use coal?
22. What do people make from iron?

• a pair of iH m n fuz»z] — ножницы

1 го тЫ и [пЧтзп] q M ittM i — обмрны* вопрооы
шг
28. What habits of flowers do you know?
24. How many kinds of grapes do you know?
26. What is the most common food?
26. What things help us in our work at home?
27. People of what professions help to make books?
28. What good telephone manners do you know?
29. What advantages does travelling by car have?
80. Why are computers more efficient than human
beings?
31. What people do we call our helpers?
 VOCABULARY
A Antarctica [aent’a.koka] Антарктида
above [э'Ьлу] adv наверх; prp над
accident ['eksicbnt] n катастрофа
ache [ctk] n боль; v болеть (о чем л.)
add ['aesid] n кислота
acorn I'cikDm) n желудь
across (o'krosj prp сквозь, через
act [ck(] v поступать, вести себя
activity [aek'tjvjti) n деятельность
add [aed] v добавлять
address [a'dres] n адрес
adjoining (a'dpmii)) а примыкаю­
щий, соседний
advantage [*fva:ndd3] n преиму­
щество
advertisement [adVartnmant] n объ­
явление
advice [adVais] n совет
afraid [a'freid] a prtdic испуганный
be afraid (of) бояться
age [eid3] n возраст
agronomist [o'grenomist) n агроном
airfield feefirld] n аэродром
airplane fcaplcm] n самолет
airport ['еорэп] n аэропорт
alarm [a'lorm] n тревога
alarm-clock [o’knmkbk] n будильник
alike [Лик] а одинаковый, похожий
alive [a'larv] а живой • axe [aeks] n топор
all [э:1] pron весь, вся, вс*, все
all отег повсюду
at all вообще, совсем
alligator facligeita] п аллигатор
allow [Ли] v позволять, разрешать
almost [’ttlmoust] adv почти
alone [s'loun] aprtdic один, одинокиA
along [d'bq] prp вдоль, no
also fxbou] adv также, тоже
although [э:Гдои| сj хотя, несмотря
на то, что
always fxlwaz] adv всегда
Ашавоа ('sm»z(a)n] р. Амазонка
amid [o'mid) prep среди; в
among (е'тл!)] prp среди, между
anchor fwjkaj п якорь; v стать на
якорь, бросить якорь
andent fentfant] а древний; старый
antonym ['аоиэмга] п антоним
appear [a'p|a] и появляться
approach [a'proutj] v приближа­
ться, подходить
apricot feipnkat] п абрикос
apron [’etpran] п передник
arm-chair [’arm'tjea] п кресло
around [э round] prp вокруг, око­
ло; adv всюду, кругом
artide |a:ukl) п предмет
as [acz, э/] cj когда, в то время
как; так как; по мере того
как; как
ash-tree ['«Jtri:] п ясень
Asia ['eifa] п Азия
asleep [a'sliip] a prtdic спящий
be asleep спать
fall asleep заснуть
ate [ct] cm. eat
attentive [a'ten&v] а внимательный
author [’эгвэ] n автор
automatically [.Drto'imetikoli] adv
. автоматически
awake [a'weik] v (awoke; awoke,
awaked) просыпаться
awfully ['xftilij adv ужасно, очень
awoke [a'woukj cm. awake
В
back [back] n спина; тыльная сто­
рона (руки); adv назад, об­
ратно; сзади, позади
the back of the book корешок
книги
bad [bed] (worse, worst) а плохой
badly ['baedli) adv плохо; сильно
bake fbetk] v печь
baker ['beika] n пекарь, булочник
balloon [Whm] n воздушный шар
band [baend] n оркестр
bang [ban)] n сильный удар;
v удариться), стукнуться);
грохотать
bank [banjk] л берег
barber [Wba] п парикмахер
bare [bea] а голый
199
bark [bo:k] v лаять
baaket fbo:skit] n корзина
buk«t*«Urfbh fbasktistarfiH n
зоол. морская пмд|
bath [Ьо:0] n ванна
ката a balk opвнять вавну
bathrooa [*ba:6ru:m] л ванная
комната
beach [bi:tj] n отлогий морской
берег
beak fbi:k] л клюв
bean [birnj n боб
beard [bred] л борода
beat [bi:t] v (beat, beaten) v бить,
ударять; побивать, побеждать
beaten fbirtn] см. beat
beauty [*bju:ti] л красота
became [bi*ketm] cm. become
become [Ы\лт] (became, become)
v делаться, становиться
bed1[bed] n кровать
bed1л клумба, грядка; пласт, слой
bedaide table тумбочка
bee [bi:] л пчела
beech [bi:tj] n бук
beet [bi t] n свекла
beet-root fbi:tru:t] n свекла
bekare [bi^eiv] v вести себя
behind [btluund] prp% adv сзади,
позади
believe [bi'liv] v верить
bell [bel] л колокол, колокольчик;
звонок
belong [bTbi)] v принадлежать
bench [bentj] л скамейка
bend [bend] v (bent) гнуться, сги­
баться; наклоняться
bent [bent] см. bend
berry fben] л ягода
baeidae [bi'saidz] adv кроме того
beat [best] a ( превосх. ст. от
good) наилучший; adv лучше
всего; больше всего
do one's beat сделать все от
себя зависящее
better fbeta] а (сравнит, спи от
good) лучший; adv лучше,
больше
between [bi'twi:n] ргр между
beyond [bi'jDnd] adv вдали; ргр по
ту сторону; за
200
bicycle fbatskl] п велосипед
bilberry fbtlben] л черника
bind [batnd] v (bonnd) переплетать
birch [ba:tj] n береза
bit [bit] n кусочек
blackberry fblekben] л ежевика
blade [bletd] n лист
blew [blu:] cm. blow
block [bbk] n sd. кусок
blood [bUd] n кровь
bloaaom [ЪЫэт] л цвет, цветение
blow [blou] (blew, blown) v дуть
blown [bloua] cm. blow
blnebeD fbhcbd] л колокольчик
(цветок)
board [Ьэ*х1] л доска
boat [bout] n лодка, корабль
body pxxii) л тело, туловище
boil [boil] v кипятиться), варн-
ть(ся)
bone [boun] n кость
book-mark fbukmcrk] n закладка
(в KHUJ*)
borrow [Ъэгои] v занимать, брать
на время
both [Ъоиб] ргоп оба
both... and... как..., так и...
bottle fbttl] л бутылка
bottom [ЪэОло] л дно, низ, ниж­
няя часть (чею-л.); конец
bonght [Ъэ.1] см. bay
bonnd [baund] см. bind
bow1[bau] v гнуться(ся), сгибать(ся),
кланяться
bow3[bou] л лук; дуга; радуга
bow* [bau] л нос (корабля)
brain [bretn] л мозг
branch [Ъпн*Л 71■•пса, ветвь
braте [brmv] а храбрый, смелый
bread [bred] л хлеб
bread-plate fbredplevt] л хлебница
break [bretk] v (broke, broken) ло­
мать, разбивать
breathe [bri:A] v дышать
breeae [brirz] л легкий ветерок
bridge [bndj] л мост; v соединять
мостом; перекрывать
brief [bri:f] а короткий, ведолгнй
brink [bni}k] л край, берег
broke [brouk] см. break
broken [*Ьгоик(э)п] см. break
brook [bruk] n ручей
broon [brum] n метла
brown [braun] а корготовый
Ыowa broad черный хлеб
bruah [ЪгдЛ n щетка; и чистить
щеткой
bud [bAd] л почка, бутон; v давать
почки, пускать ростки
Ьшвр [Ьлтр] v ударяться); тол­
кать
Ьвв [Ьлп] п сдобная булочка
bunch [ЪлтЛ п связка; пучок
burn [b»:n] v жечь, сжнгать; сго­
рать, гореть
buehy fbuji] а пушистый
businem fbmus] п дело, занятие,
работа
Ьояу [Ъш] а занятый; оживлен­
ный
batcher fbutja] л мясник
batter fbAta] л масло
butter-dish [V\tediJ] л масленка
button fbAtn] л пуговица; кнопка
button-hole (ЪлшЬои!) п петля;
петлица
bay [bat] (bought) v покупать
bussing (*Ьл2П)] n гудок
by [bai] prp у, около; к, при, за;
мимо; посредством, через, по
С chimney-stack ['tjmwistsk] л ды­
cabbage ['кяеЬкЗД л капуста
cabin fksbm] п кабина, будка;
каюта
cage [кекВД л клетка
cake [кок] л торт, кекс, пирожное
calculating fkadkjulemq] а счетный
call [kod] v звать; кричать; назы­
вать
call out вызывать, выкрики­
вать, кричать
call-box [Italtoks] л телефон-авто­
мат
саше [ketm] см. соте
сап [кат] л жестяная банка;
кружка
candle fkmdl) л свеча
сам [kem] л сахаряый тростник
captain ркавроп] л капитан
capthm fkiepciv] а содержащийся
в неволе
саге [kse] п забота; уход; осторож­
ность
take care (of) заботиться
careful [IceoftiJ] а заботливый,
внимательный; осторожный
carefully fktoAih] adv бережно,
осторожно
careleae fksebs] а неаккуратный,
небрежный; беззаботный
carpet fkorpit] л ковер
carriage [\aend3] л пассажирский
вагон
carrot pkaeral] л морковь
cart [ko:t] л телега, повозка
cast [ka:st) 1; бросать, сбрасывать
cast off сбрасывать
catch [kaetj] v (caught) ловить,
уловить; поймать, схватить
caught [кэп] см. catch
саиае [кэа] v вызывать
certain ['»олп] а определенный,
некий, некоторый
chalk [tjbik] л мел
change [tjcrndj] 1; менять, изменя­
ться); превращать; л измене­
ние
cheap [tji:p] а дешевый
cheek [tji:kj л щека
cherry ftjen] л вишня
chimney fijtmni] л труба
мовая труба
chimney-sweep [(tjtmmswi:p] л тру­
бочист
chin [tjm] л подбородок
China ftfame] л Китай
Chineae [‘tjai'ni:z] а китайский
chlorophyll fkbrDfil] л хлорофилл
chocolate [4J^k(^)lit] л шоколад
choose [tju z] и (chose, chooen) вы­
бирать
chose [tjouz] см. chooee
choeen [hjouzn] cm. chooee
cigar [я'9о:] n сигара
dtrk [’sink] а лимонный
daw [kb:] л клешня; коготь
diff [Uif) n крутой обрыв; отвес­
ная скала; мн. ч. твердые гор­
ные еюроды
dimb [kbum] v подниматься, ка­
рабкаться, влезать
201
doth [kbO] л ткань; материя; ска­
терть
clothe* [klouftz] n одежда
clothing fkloufttq] л одежда
cloud [klaud] л облако, туча
coal [koul] n уголь
coat [kout] n пальто, куртка
coffee fkofi] n кофе
coffee-pot [*кэЛрэ<] n кофейник
collar (lob) л ошейник
collector [ka'lekta] л контролер
colour рклЬ] n цвет
column [Itobm] n столбец, колон­
ка
comb [koum] л гребень
coma [клт] v (came, come) прихо­
дить,. прнеажать
coma bach вернуться
come down сойти, спуститься
coma in (Into) входить; при­
бывать (о поезде)
coma o«t выходить
come true сбываться
come op подходить, поднима­
ться
comfort flc/imfo] n комфорт
comfortable [*lo\mf|a)bbl] а удобный
common ркэтэп] а простой, обыч­
ный
companion [kam'penjan] n товарищ
complain [kem'plcm] v жаловаться
complicated [lorapltkcitid] а слож­
ный
component (kam'pounant) n компо­
нент; составная часть
eompooe [lcam'pouz] v сочинять,
ооадавать
cone [koun] л шишка
connect [ka'nekt) v связывать
constant fkonslaot] а постоянный
contain [kaa'tetn] v содержать
continent fkdndiuot] л континент
control [kain'troul] v управлять
convenient [kanVirnjent] а удобный
cook [kuk] v приготовлять пищу;
варить
cool [ku:l] v охлаждаться); осты­
вать
co-pilot fkou'paibt] n второй пилот
core [ко:] л сердцевина (яблока)
corn [кэя] л верно
202
corner [Tcomo] л угод
corn-field ркэяГик!] л поле
corn-flower ГкэяЛаиэ) л василек
correctly [ka rektli] adv правильно
coay fkoua] а уютный
cotton [TtDin] л хлопок; бумажная
ткань
count [kaunt] v считать, подсчиты­
вать
connter fkaunta] л прилавок
courae [кэз] л: of courae конечно
cover Гклуа] n крышка; обложка;
v покрывать, укрывать
crab [kneb] л краб
crack [knek] л трещина; v раскалы­
вать
crawl [knxl] v ползать, ползти
creature fkn:tfa] л создание; жи­
вое существо
creep [krirp] v ползать; красться;
виться (о ползучих растениях)
crew [km:) л команда; экипаж
crop [кгэр) л урожай
сгоаа [кое] v переходить; пере­
правляться
crowing [*кгэ£П)] л перекресток;
переход (через улицу); пере­
права
crow [krou] л ворона
crystal [*knstl] л кристалл
cucumber [Icjuikamba] л огурец
сир [клр] л чашка
cupboard fkAbed] л буфет, шкаф
сиге [kjua] v вылечивать, иалечи-
вать
enrrnnt [*клг»п(] п смородина
enrtain [Icartn] п занавес
cut [кл1] v (cut) резать
cut down рубить (деревья)
cut off обрезать
cutter [*кл1а] л мор. катер
D
daffodil ['dsfedil] л нарцисс
daisy ['dem] л маргаритка
damage [ЧЬеткЗД и повреждать
damp [daemp] а сырой
dandelion fdaendilaian) л одуван­
чик
danger fdemd3a] л опасность
dangeroua [*dcindya»] а опасный
dark [da:kl a темный; и темнота
darkneee fdoJcms] n темнота
day-time f deftann] л день
dawn [<Ьш] n рассвет
deaf [def] а глухой
deal [di:l] (with) v (dealt) иметь
дело (с чем-л., кемл,)
dealt [deh] см. daal
dear [die] а дорогой
dock [dek] n палуба
deep [dirp] а глубокий; adv глубоко
donttot fdentistj n зубной врач
departare [di'portja] n отъезд
depend [depend] v аавноеть
deecrlbe [dtslcraib] v описывать
d a rifw [dt'zama] n художник
daw rdiurl n ooca
dial fdaial] v (dialled) набирать
номер (телефона); n диск
(телефона)
did [did] см. do
die [dai] v умирать
difference fdrfrens] n разница;
различие
different fdvfrent] а другой; раз­
личный
dig [dig] v (dnf) копать
dig ont выкапывать
dine [dam] v обедать
dining-rooni fdamnjrum] n столовая
dinner fdnu] n обед
dirty [<tei] a грлэный
dieeover [dulcAva] v открывать;
обнаруживать, находить
diek [dif] n блюдо, тарелка
dietanee fdnteos] n расстояние
dire [daivl v нырять
divide [drvaid] v делитЦся); раз­
деляться)
do [do:] v (did, done) делать; вспо-
мое. млхиол; жлаеол замести-
тель
do eomebody good приносить
кому-л. пользу
dog [dog] п собака
dog’e еагв загнутые уголки
страниц (в книле)
done [<1лп] см. do
donkey fdoi)ki] n ооел
door-lock [’do:bk] n дверной замок
doorway fdxwet] n вход в помеще­
ние
dot [dot] n точка
doigk [dou] н тесто
down [«faun] и пух
down adv внив
downward fdaunwed] adv внив
drag [drsg] v тащить
drank [dragk] c jl drink
draw1[dn>:] v тянуть, тащить; втя­
гивать, всасывать
draw пр поднимать
draw2v рисовать
dreaB [dres] v одевать(ся)
dreeBBaakerfdres^nedo] n портниха
drink [drajk] v (drank, dmnk)
пить, вылить; n питье; напи­
ток
drive [draw] v (drove, driven) v
ехать, везти, управлять, дви­
гать, приводить в движение
driven fdnvn] см. drive
driver fdraiva] n шофер; водитель;
машинист; вагоновожатый
drop [drop] п капля; v бросать,
ронять; падать
drove [drouv] cjl drive
dmnk [drAQk] cm. drink
dry [drai] а сухой; v сушить; сох­
нуть, высыхать, пересыхать
dry пр высушивать
dnck [<1лк] п утка
dug [<1лд] см. dig
dnll [d\l] а скучный; тусклый;
пасмурный
dnat [dvstj п пыль
gold dnat золотоносный песок
Е
each [i:tj] ргоп каждый
ear [taj n ухо
early fa:li] а ранний; adv рано
earth [a:6] n земля, аемной шар;
суша
east [i:st] п восток
еаву f i:zi] а легкий, нетрудный
eat [i:t] v (ate, eaten) есть, кушать
eat пр съедать
eaten fi:tn] c jl eat
editor fedita] n редактор
eel [i:l] n угорь
efficient [I'fijanf] а эффективный,
действенный
208
Egypt ['tttypt] n Египет
electric [I'lektnkl а элвктрячеек*#
electricity [ilekVmtj] л электри­
чество
•electronic [ilck'tnmik] а электрон­
ный
elephant pehfonl] л слон
end [eod] n конец
enemy fenmu] n враг
energy fenttfy] n энергия
engine ['end3m] n мотор; паровоз;
пожарная мапшяа
England [’upland] n Аяглпя
enough [ГпаГ] adv достаточно, до­
вольно
entrance ['entr^ajns] n вход
entrance hall [ho:l] передняя
erect [I'rekt] v устанавливать
eecape [islcetp] n бегство, побег;
спасение; v убежать; набежать
опасности, спастись
Europe fjuerep] л Европа
етеп рi:vao] adv даже
етег pcva] adv когда-либо
evergreen fevagrirn] а вечнозеле­
ный
everywhere fevrrwte] adv повсюду
examine [ig'znmn] v выслуши­
вать, осматривать
exit fekot] л выход
expensive [iks'pensrv] а дорогой,
дорогостоящий
вжргеев [iks'pres] v выражать
expceeelon [tks'prejn] л выражение
eye [at] n глаз
eye-lid fatbd] л веко
F fireman pfaiamen] я пожарный
factory pfiekten] л завод, фабрика
fail [feilj n неудача
without fail ипм рпиу, обя­
зательно
fall [f I) и (fell, fallen) падать
fall aaleep засыпать
fall behind отставать, остава-
fall down раастъ
faUen Г*кЬо] ели fall
falsehoodpfxlriuid] ядоясь, пвпраяда
far [fa:] adv р м о ; гармм» (яри
епиммшк а — i ш ит!
far-away pfa:r*wet] а далекий
farm ffo m] n ферма
farmer [Ta me] n фермер
farther ffate] a, adv дальше, далее
fast [fa:st] a скорый, быстрый;
adv быстро; крепко
the watch ia fast часы спешат
fasten pfo.sn] v прикреплять; за­
стегивать
fat [fret] а толстый
fear [fio] v бояться
feather ['(еб»] n перо (птичье)
fed [fed] cm. feed
feed [fi d] v (fed) v кормить
feel [fil] и (felt) чувствовать,
ощущать
feeler [’fi b] л щупальце; усик
feet [fi:t] мн. ч. от foot
feU [fel] см, fall
felt [feh] cm. feel
few [fju:]a немногие; немного, мало
a few несколько
fight [fait] v (fought) бороться,
сражаться (с кемл.); п бой,
драка, борьба
fighter ffiute] л борец
я * « Г * и П фягура
All [61] v наполнить
filling station pfUn^steiJaa] бензо­
колонка, заправочная станция
find [fiund] v (food) находить,
об«мруживать
fine [Gun] а хороший, красивый
Anger Г бдо] я палец (на руке)
fir-tree pfertri:] п ель
fire pfiue] п огонь; костер; печь,
камни
Ash [ftj] я рыба; v удить рыбу
ИЛтяшт рй$ншп] я рыбак, рыболов
flehttno pfijlnm] п удочка
Ах [Щ v укреояить, прикреплять
flakes [flecks] я ян. ч. хлопья
of snow спезкишса
Л ата [Ант] я пвами
ЯиЬ [а -л »• хяышм
Лаж [flaks] п леи
fleeh [flef] я мпоо
flow [flu:] cjh. fly
float [flout] v плавать; о п т do вебу
(об облаках), проноситься
fleck [Аэк] я стадо
floor-waxer pfb^wxkw] n полотер
Лонг ['Паш] n муке
flow [Пои] v течь, литься
flows [floun] см. fly
fluffy f Пай] а пушистый
fly* [flat] и (flew, flown) лететь
Пу away улетать
fly* n муха
flying field pflanr) 'fi:W] n летное
поле
fog [fog] л туман
follow pfolou] v следовать, идти
(за кем л.)
food [fu:d] n пища, питание
foot1[hit] (мн. ч. feet) n нога
foot1 n фут (ан*л. мера длины,
около 30 см )
forget [fe'get] v (forgot, forgotten)
v аебыватъ, забыть
forget-me-not [Гэ'дсшшж] л неза­
будка
forgot [Гэ'дэс] см. forget
forgotten [Гэ'дэсп] см. forget
fork [fixk] л вялка
form [Гэап] л форма, внешний вид;
вид, разновидность; класс
(в школе); и создаваться),
образовываться)
forward [Torwod) adv вперед
fought [Гэл] см. fight
found [faund] см. find
fountain pfauntm] n ключ, источ­
ник; фонтан
freese [fri z] и (frose, frosen) за­
мерзать, застывать, затверде­
вать
frequent pfirrkwant] а частый
freeh [frej] а свежпй; бодрый; но­
вый
freeh water пресная вода
frighten pfraitn] v попугать
frightened pfiraitnd] а испуганный
be frightened испугаться
front [frAfit] rt перед, передняя
часть (чезо-л.); а передний
in front of перед, впереди
front [froet] л моров
frose [frouz] см. freese
froBen pfrouzn] см. freese
fruit [frirt] n фрукты; мн. ч. плоды
fruit-tree pftu^tri:] n плодовое де-
fuel [Qu»l] л топливо, горючее
full [fbl] а полный, наполненный
fun [fXn] n забава, веселье; шутка
funny pfXni] а забавный, смешной
fur [fa:] n мех
furniture pfaimtja] n мебель
further p0e:6e] adv (сравнит. cm.
от far) дальше, далее
О
game [getm] л игра
garbage pgo:bid3] n мусор, отбросы
garden p9o:dn] л сад
gas [дм] л газ
gather pg»to] v собнретЬся)
gay [gei] а веселый
get [get] (got) v получать, доста­
вать; становиться; добираться
get away уходить, уйти
get down спускаться
get in входить, попадать, вле­
зать
get into войти
get off сойти, слезть; отбывать;
отправляться
get out выбираться, выходить;
вытаскивать
get ripe созревать
get to добреться до (чемул,)
get up вставать
get warm согреться
glad [gbed] cl be glad быть доволь­
ным
glaae [glo s] n стекло, стакан
glow [glou] v jd. разрумяниться
go [gou] (went, gone) и идти, от­
правляться
go away уходить
go back возвращаться
go by проходить мимо
go down спускаться; просачи­
ваться (о воде)
go in входить
go into входить
go off уходить; раздаться (о
звонке)
go on идти (ехать) дальше;
продолжать
go out выходить
go пр подниматься; подходить
goat [gout] п коза
goatherd [goutherd] л пастух, па­
сущий ros
goby fgoubi] n бычок (рыба)
god [god] n бог, божество
fold [gould] л золото; а золотой
foldtt fgoukbn] а золотистый
fold-Adi fgoukffij] n золотая рыбка
|о в в [дэп] сл. go
good [gud] (better, beet) а хороший,
добрый; л добро, пользе
goods [gudz] n мн. ч. то sap, това­
ры; груз
goods train товарный поеад
gooeeberry fguzben] л крыжовник
cot («а«] еж. g«t
grain [gram] л зерно; зернышко
granite fgraemt] n гранит
graas [grors] л трава
great [grett] а великий, большой
grew [gru:] cm. grow
grey [grei] а серый
grind [gramd] v (ground) молоть,
перемалывать
ground1[graund] cm. grind
ground1 [graundj n земля, почва
grow [grou] (grew, grown) v расти;
выращивать; делаться, стано­
виться
grow out прорастать, вырас­
тать из
grown [groun] см. grow
grown-up ('дгоил'лр] а взрослый
guees [дез] и догадываться, угады­
вать
guest [gest] л гость
guard (go:d) л кондуктор; и охра­
нять
guinea-pig [ginipig] л морская
свинка
Н ться), скрыватъ(ся)
bail [betl] л град
hair [Ьез] л волосы
hairdreaeer [Ъез,<1геез] л парикма­
хер (дамский)
half [ho f] (мн. ч. Ьа1тее) л поло­
вина
halUtand fh :bl3nd] л вешалка
halves [horvz] мн.ч. от half
hammer [Ъжта] n молоток
206
hammer-head fh n n erhed] n моло­
ток (бел руколт ки)
hamster fhcmsta] n хомяк
hand1[hend] n рука (кисть); стрел­
ка (часов)
hand1v вручать
handkerchief fhsgkatjif] л носовой
платок
handle fhandl] n ручка, рукоятка
hang (ban)] v (hung) вешать; вясеть
hnng up повесить; положить
телефонную трубку
happen ftuepon] v случаться, про­
исходить
harbour fborbe] л порт, гавань
hard [hard] а твердый, крепкий,
трудный, тяжелый; adv силь­
но, усердно, упорно; тяжело
luurd-ehelled fhadjeld] а снабжен­
ный твердой скорлупой
hard-shelled animal панцир­
ное животное
harm [harm] л вред, ущерб; v при­
чинять вред
harmful fhorraful] а вредный; опас­
ный
hanreet fhorvist] л урожай; время
уборки урожая
headlight fhedlait] л фара (авто­
мобиля)
heart [Нал] л сердце
beat [hirt] л жаре, жар; и нагревать
heating fhirtiq] л отопление
heary fhevt] а тяжелый
held [held] см. hold
helicopter [‘hclik pta] n вертолет
helper fhelpa] n помощник
hid [hid] cm. hide
hidden fhidn] cm. hide
hide [haid] и (hid, hidden) прята­
hiding-place ['hxudir)plets] л потай­
ное место, укрытие
hill [hil] л холм
hint [hint] л намек
hit [hit] v ударять; ударяться
hold [hould] v (held) держать
hole [houl] n норка, ямка
hollow [Inlou] а пустой, полый
hook [huk] v зацеплять; ловить,
поймать
 hop along поскакать
hope [houp] v надеяться
horrid [*hond] а ужасный, страшный
horse-shoe fhDsju:) n подкова
hot [Ъэс] а жаркий; горячий
hour-hand pauahnd] n часовая
стрелка
however [hau'eva] cj однако, тем
не менее
human phjuman] а человеческий
human being человек
hung [Ьлг)] см. hang
hungry [Ълздп] а голодный
hurry [Ълл] v торопить; торопи­
ться
hurry up! скорей! поспеши!
hurt [ha:t] v (hurt) болеть; повре­
дить
I keep [ki:pj v (kept) держать; хра­
ice [ais] n лед
ice-drop [’aisdrop] n льдинка
if [if] c j если; ли
ill [il] а больной
be ill быть больным
imagine [I’mmfyn] v воображать,
представлять себе
imitate ftmrteit] и подражать
important (|тп'рэ:1(э)п1) а важный
inch [mtf] л дюйм (ок. см)
indeed [m'di:d] adv в самом деле;
действительно
independent ^mdi'pendent] а само­
стоятельный
India fmdn] п Индия
india-rubber pmdjd'rAbo] л резинка
для старания
information Lmfo'metjaa] л инфор­
мация, сведения, данные
injur* pm(d)3»] и повредить, ранить
ink [mk] п чернила
inscription [m'sknpjan] л надпись
insect pmselct] л насекомое
insido [m'ttidi prp внутри, в
instead of [mtied av] prp вместо
interval pmtavl] n промежуток,
интервал
iron paten] л железо
J later pleita] adv позднее, впослед­
Japan [4зз'р«п] n Япония
Jelly Р4эе)|] л желе; студень
Jelly-fish pdjelifiJ] n медуза
Jewel pdju:®!] n драгоценный камень
Job [djab] n работа
Joiner рдунпэ] n столяр
Joke [djouk] л шутка, анекдот
Journey ('<*33:111) л поездка, путе­
шествие, рейс
Joyful pd33iftil] а радостный
Joyfully pd33iftili] adv весело, ра­
достно
Juice [cfyis] л сок
Juicy pd3u:si] а сочный
Just [d3Ast] adv точно, как раз,
именно; только, просто, всего
лишь
К
keel [ki:l] л киль (судна)
нить; сохранять
kept [kept] CM. keep
key [ki:] n ключ
kill [kilj v убивать
kilometre fkibmita] л километр
kind1[kamd] n род, сорт
kind* а добрый
knife [naif] (мн. ч. knives) n вож
knives (naivz] мн. ч. от knife
knock [nok] v ударять, стучать
knock down сбить с вог
knock over повалить, перевер­
нуть
L
ladder р1акЬ] n лестница
laid [letd] см. lay
lain [km] см. lie
lame [letm] а хромой
land [bend] n земля; суша; страна; v
вькаживаггЦся); причаливать;
приземляться, делать посадку
language planjwidj] я язык
last1[lo:st] а последний; прошлый
at last наконец
last1Па-at] v продолжаться, длиться
lasting р1а:*п)] а прочный
late [lot] а поздний; adv поздно
be late (for) опаздывать
ствии
207
Uttar [*lo:6e] v намыливать
laagh По:(] n смех; v смеяться
law [tx] n закон
lay1[lei] v (laid) класть; положить;
накрывать
lty1см. lie
Uy-ont fleiW] n макет ( khuiu)
layer fleta] л слой, пласт
laa [li:] n поэт, луг, поле
leak [li:k] v вытекать
leak ont просачиваться; выте­
кать
leaf [li:f] (мн. ч. 1еатеа) n лист
(растения)
learn [bm] и учнть; узнавать
leaat [li:*t] а (превосх. спи от lit­
tle) наименьший, малейший;
adv менее всего
leather ребе] п кожа
1еате [lirvj и (left) оставлять; по­
кидать; уходить
learea [lirvz] мн. ч. от leaf
left1[left] а левый
left3см. leare
leg [leg] н нога (от бедра до сту­
пни)
legend ned3»nd] л легенда
Iohmni р1ешюп] п лимон (плод и
дерево)
lemonade Llema'netd) п лимонад
lend [lend] v (lent) давать взаймы,
одалживать
lent [lent] см. lend
leai [lee] adv (сравнит, ст. от
Uttle) меньше
let [let] v позволять, пускать, да­
вать; оставлять
let на давайте
lerel flevl] п уровень
librarian [Uufareenen] п библиоте­
карь
library flaibren] п библиотека
lick [hk] v лизать, облизывать
lie [liu] v (lay, lain) лежать
life [Inf] (мн. ч. lives> n жизнь
lift [lift] v поднимать
light1 [toil] л свет; а светлый; v
светить, освещать
light1[lait] а легкий
lightning flaitnnj] л молния
lilac [*loibk] n сирень
208
lUy flih] n лилия
IUy-of-the-valley fbhavteVeli] л
яйидитп
lime1[lann] л ляпа
lima1n известь
line [lam] n линия; лес* (удочки)
linen fhmn] л (льняное) полотно,
холст; (льняное) белье
liet [bst] л список
litter fbto] л мусор
little flitl] (lees, least) а малень­
кий; adv мало
a little немного
lives [larvz] мн. ч. от life
living flivn)] а живой
load [loud] v грузить; л груз
loaf [louf] n (мн. ч. loaves) бухан­
ка хлеба
1оетеа [louvz] мн. ч. от loaf
lobater f bbeto] л омар
look [luk] v смотреть; выглядеть;
л внешний вид
look around оглядываться
look at смотреть на
look for искать
look like выглядеть, походить
на
look нр смотреть вверх, под­
нимать глаза
look npward смотреть вверх
lorry [’bn] л грузовик
lot [bt] л масса
a lot of масса, очень много
loudly ПашШ] adv громко
lovely fLwh] а красивый, прекрас­
ный
low [lou] а низкий; adv низко
lacky fUki) а счастливый, удач­
ливый
Inggage ПлдкВД л багаж
lnminona fluimmes] а светящийся
1ншр [Ump] n кусок
Innar flu na] а лунный
long [Lvjj] л легкое
M
machine [ma'Ji n] л машина; станок
magnificent [nueg'iufis^nt] а вели­
колепный
mail [mcil] л почта, почтовая кор­
респонденция
majetty pmsBdysa] n величество
manner Г'тавпэ] n манера
marble froarbl] n мрамор
mark [mo:k] л пометка; v отмечать;
делать пометки; замечать
market pmarkit] n рьгаок, базар
maat [mses] л масса, множество
mast [mo: st] n мачта
matter pmaat»] л хозяин; мастер
(вежливое обращение к юноше)
mat [met] л коврнк
material [тэ'оалэ!] л материал;
матерки
mathematician [4nMe6ima>tiJan] л
математик
m atter pm*to] п вопрос, дело
what's the matter? в чем де­
ло? что случилось?
may [met] и (might) мочь
meal [mirl] л принятие пищи, еда
mean [mi:n] и (meant) намерева­
ться; значить; иметь в виду
meaning pminiq] п значение
meant [mem] ел. mean
mechanic fmrtcsemk] n механик
medicine [rnedsm] n лекарство
melon fmeton] n дыня
melt [meh] и таять, плавить(ся),
растапливаться
memory fmetmn] n память
metal pmctl] n металл
metre pmirta] n метр
mierocUagram fmaikro(u)>datagnem]
n микросхема
microecope fmaikmkoup] л микро­
скоп
might1 [matt] ел. may
might1 [mait] n сила
mile [mail] n мили (-1 6 0 9 л )
militiaman [nu'hjaman] л мили­
ционер
mill [mill n мельница; фабрика
million fmtljen] лшп миллион
mine [mam] n рудник, шахта; за­
лежь, пласт
miner fmama] л шахтер
minnte-hand fmnothmd] л минут­
ная стрелка
m itt [mss] и пропустить; потерять
m itt the train опоздать на
поеад
mix [mdcs] и смешивать
modern fmodao] а современный
momentfmowmot] п мят, момвгг,
минута
money ртлга] п деньги
monk [mAfjk] п монах
monnment ртзсцитэт] п памятник
moon [mu:n] п луна
motion fmoujn] л движение
motor praoutou] л автомобиль; а
автомобильный
motor rettel fmoutalvesl] лтеплоход
month [таив] л рот; устье (реки)
mouthpiece fmauSpis] п микрофон
more [mu:v] и двигаться
mod [nud] л грязь
mntcle [W sl] п мускул, мышца
mnttard-pot ртляЫрэс] п горчич­
ница
N
nail [nal] п гвоздь; v прибивать
гвоадими
паtire fncmv] п местное растение
naughty frcxd] а непослушный;
шаловливый
nearly pnieb] adv почти
nscattery pnesa(e)n] а необходи­
мый, нужный
need [ni:d] и нуждаться (а чел л.)
needle pnrdl] л иголка
neither ршибэ] ргоп ни один (и*
двух)
neither„.ног ршибэ 'пж] с/ ни
... ни
nenre [na:v] п верв
nett [nest] п гнездо; v вить гнезда,
гнездиться
noble fnoubl] в благородный
note [nout] л зд. рецепт
notice pnouds] и замечать, обра­
щать внимание; л объявле­
ние, вывеска
nowadays pnauedctz] adv в наше
время, теперь
nuclear pnjurkbe] а ядерный
nugget рплдй] л самородок (золота)
number рплтЬе] п число; помер;
цифра
nut [пд|] л орех
209
 о pass by проходить мимо
oak-tree ['ouktri:] л дуб
(ц Ь пи! foutmil] л овсяная каша
oblige (o'bbiid3 ) v обязывать
be obliged быть обязанным
ocean foujn] л океан
oil [ail] n масло {растительное
или смазочное)
oilcloth [’эИкЬб] л клеенка
omelette (’эш1и) л омлет, яичница
opportunity [ppo'tjiuiiti] л удобный
случай; благоприятная воз­
можность
orange [’эгп^з] л апельсин; а оран­
жевый
orchard pDrtfod] л фруктовый сад
ore [э:] л руда
outside [,autfsaid] adv снаружи, за
отеп [’луп] л печь
overtake [.ouvs'teik] и обгонять
overtop ('оиУэЪр] и превышать;
превосходить; находиться
выше (чезо-л.)
own [oun] а собственный
oyster foisto] л устрица
овопе fouzoun] л озон
Р pick oat выбирать
pack [peck] v упаковывать
paddle ['picdl] v шлепать по воде,
плескаться
paid [pod] см pay
pain [petnj л боль, страдание
paint [peint] n краска; v раскра­
шивать, красить
pair [рсэ] л пара
in pairs парами
pale [peil] а бледный
pan [pen] n миска; чаша
pane [petn] n оконное стекло
paper [’peipa] л бумага, газета
papyrus [рэ'раюгэз] л папирус
parallel ['раегэЫ] л параллель,
соответствие; а параллельный
paralyse ['ржгзЬгс] v парализовать
parchment [’paijment] л пергамент
park [po:k) v ставить на стоянку
(автомобиль)
party Гроа] л вечер (прием гостей)
pass [pa s] v проходить; переда­
вать
210
passenger ['paesindja] л пассажир
past [po:st] ргр мимо
paste [peist] л состав, масса
pat [part] v погладить
patch [peetjl v чинить
patience ['peij(a)ns] л терпение
pavement fpetvment] л тротуар;
панель
paw [рэ:] л лапа
pay [pei] и (paid) платить
pea [pi:] л горошина; мн. ч. горох
peach [pi (Л л персик
реаг [рез] л груша
pedal ['pedi] л педаль
penny ('peni] (мн. ч. репсе и
pennies J л пенни, пенс (мел-
нал монета )
pepper-box fpcpotoks] л перечница
perch [pe:tf] л окунь
perhaps [рэЪжрз] adv может быть.
возможно
pet [pet] л любимое домашнее жи­
вотное; а ручной, домашний
(о животном)
petrol ['petrel] л бензин
pick [pik] v собирать, срывать
pick ар поднимать, подбирать
piece [pt:s] л кусок, часть
pile [pail] л куча, груда
pillow ['pilou] л подушка
pilot ['paibt] л летчик
pine-tree ['pamtri:] л сосна
pink1 [p«)k] а розовый
pink2 [pnjkj л гвоздика
plain [plein] л равнина
plainly ['pietnli] adv прямо, ясно
plane1 [plein] л самолет (сокр. от
airplane)
plane3 л рубанок
planet ['plsnit] л планета
plant [plant] л растение; и сажать
plastic fpbestik] л синтетические
материалы, пластмасса; плас
тик
plate [plett] л тарелка
plateful (’pkitful] л полная тарелка
platform [pkctfcm] л платформа
please [pfczj и нравиться; угождать
pleased [pli zd] а довольный
 be plaassd wftth id имb ody
( w t t M i f ) быть ДОМА»
ным кеакл. (<«кх.)
pleasure frleg»] л удовольствие
plenty of [ptenti] л много
plom [pUm] л олнм
pocket fpolal] л карман
pod [pod] л стручок; коробочка
(хлопка,); шелуха, кожура
poisonous ['рэшюв] а ядовитый
pole1 [poul] л шест, жердь
pole1 [poulj л полюс
polish ррэЬЛ v полировать, отде­
лывать
pollnte [pe'lu t] v загрязнять
pollution [pe'hiijan] л загрязнение
pond [pood] л пруд
pool [purl] л лужа, пруд
poor [puaj а бедный
poplar ГрэрЬ] п тополь
pore [pi] п пбра
poet [poust] л пост, должность
postman fpoustman] л почтальон
potato [pe'lettou] л картофелина;
ян, ч. картофель
powder fpauda] л порошок
power fpeuo] л энергия
preeent fpreznt] л подарок
ргеев [pres] v нажимать, выжимать
pretty fpnti] а хорошенький, кра­
сивый
primroee fpnmrouz] л примула
print [print] v печатать
prior fpnua] л настоятель монас­
тыря
produce [pra'dju s] производить;
вырабатывать; создавать
profeeeor [ргэ'Гезз] л профессор;
учитель (средней шкалы)
propeller [ргэ'рсЬ] л пропеллер
protect [prVtekt] v защищать, ох­
ранять
pnblk ГрлЬкк] а общественный
public phone [foun] телефон-
автомат
publish ррлЬЬЛ v публиковать
publisher ррлЬЬ/»] л издатель
poll [pul] v тянуть, тащить; дврготь
pull in втягивать
pull ont вытаскивать, удалять
(зубы)
ри1ве [daIs] я пупе
fed Ум pulse щупать пульс
punctuation [j>AQ(k)tiu>ctJ(»)n] л
пунктуация
риге [pjua] а чистый
purple Гре:р1] а лиловый
pnt v (pvt) класть, ставить, поло­
жить
put out тушить (оюнь)
pussle ГрАг!] л загадка, голово­
ломка
Q
quarter fkwoto] л четверть (часа)
queetion fkwestjn] л вопрос
quiet fkwant] а спокойный, тихий
quite [kwait] adv вполне, совер­
шенно, совсем
R
rack [пак] л вешалка
radioactive freidiou'cktiv] в радио­
активный
radioactivity frekhouek'tivm] л ра­
диоактивность
radish fr»dij] л редиска
ra f [пвд] л тряпка; клочок, обрывок
rail [red] л рельс
railroad [Yeilroud] л железная до­
рога
railway freilwet] л железная до­
рога
rain [ram] л дождь
rainbow Гrembou] л радуга
raia-drop fretndnp] л дождевая
капля
rainy fremi] а дождливый
raisin [Yean] л изюминка; ян, ч.
нзюм
rake [гак] л грабли; v сгребать,
подчищать, разрыхлять
граблями
гаи [псп] ся. гаи
гаге [газ] а редкий
rather froite] adv довольно
ray1 [res] л скат (рыба)
ray* [гю] л луч
reach [rirtj] v доходить; достигать
real [п»1] а действительный, на­
стоящий
really (tab] adv действительно
211
г ш м Гпют] п причина
rtwhrtr [iVtirva] л тмефоипм
трубка
reef [ri:f) л риф, подводная скала
refrigerator [п'бгк^ээгепэ] л холо*
дм»^ст1г
refuse chute freflu:s'Ju:t] мусоро­
провод
reign [rem] л царствование
remarkable [п'гоо:каЫ] а замеча­
тельный, удквительвый
remember [n'membe] v помнить,
вспомнить
repair [п'реэ] и ремонтировать
report [п'рэй] л сообщение, док­
лад; табель успеваемости
геостЫе [п'гетЫ] и походить,
иметь сходство
гееегте [n'»:v] и заказывать
г—poet [m'pelct] п уважение
retmrn [пЪ:п] и возвращаться
revision [п'у1зп] а обзорный
ribbon friben] л лента
Нее [ran] л рис
riddle fndl] л загадка
ridden fndn] см. ride
ride [raid] и (rode, ridden) ехать,
кататься
ring [raj] n круг; кольцо; обруч
ripe [raip] а спелый
ripen fraipen] v зреть, созревать
rise [ran] v (rooe, risen) поднима­
ться
risen frnn] cm. rise
rood [rood] л дорога
roast [roust] и жаритЦся)
rock [nk] л скала, горная порода;
а каменный
rocket prckn) л ракета
rode [roud] cm. ride
roll [roul] л булочка; раскат (/ро­
ма)
roof [ru:f] n крыша
root [nirtj n корень
rope [roup] n веревка
rone1[rouz] n роза
гопе’ сж. riee
roey frouzi] а розовый
row [rou] v грести
tub [глЬ] v тереть
rubber ГглЬе] n резина, резинка
ki2
rucksack f niksek] n рюкзак
rule [ru:l] n правило
ran [гдп] v (run, ran) бежать, бегать
run away убежать
run out выбежать
run отег перебежать
run up подбежать
running water frAnnj'woaa] водо­
провод
rush [гаЛ v мчаться, нестись
rusk [глзк] л-сухарь
rye [rai] n рожь
8
aad [ssd] а грустный, печальный
safe [ml] а безопасный, невредимый
feel safe чувствовать себя в
безопасности
safety ftetfb] л безопасность
•ail [setl] л парус; v плавать
sailor ftetb] л матрос, моряк
sale [sal] л продажа
salt [srJt] n соль; а соленый
salt-cellar f 83:lt,scb] n солонка
salty [fl»o:ltj] а соленый
sand [send] n песок
sandman fsaen(d)nuen] n детск.
дрбма (сказочный человечек,
который сыплет детям в
глаза песок, чтобы им хоте­
лось спать)
sank [мв)к] см. sink
sap [uep] л сок (растений)
saucer [’зэзэ] л блюдце
вате [serv] и спасать; сохранять
saw [зэ:] л пила
scatter fslucta] v разбрасывать,
рассеивать
scent [sent] л запах, аромат
scholar fskob] л ученый
scientist ['saiantist] л ученый
trinon ['nzaz] л мн. ч. ножницы
scrape [skretp] и скрести, скоблить
seagull рзгдл!] п чайка
search п поиски
seashore ['«ijo:] п морской берег;
побережье
seaside f si:said] л приморский
район, побережье моря
seatbelt fsi:tbeh] п привязной
ремень
second* fsekaod] n секунда
m o l d1 num. rropoft
M crtt fsiiknt] n секрет
seed [si:d] n семя, зерно
м е т [sarm ] v к а з а т ь с я
seldom fseldem] odu редко
sell [sel] v (told) прод а в а т ь
•end [send] v (cent) п о с ы л а т ь , от­ комната (е квартир#)
правлять
sent [sent] cm. send
sentence fsentsns] n предложение
separBte fsep(9)nt] а отдельный,
наоднро ванный
serve [ » : v ] и служить; п о д а в а т ь
(на стол)
several [*sevr<e)l] а несколько
b o w [sou] v шить, пришивать
shadowy ff»do(u>] а призрачный
I Ц ат] п стыд
| [feip] я форма, очертание
■harp Цоф] а острый; точный
shave Q«v] и брнть(ся)
shod [fed] л гараж; депо
*[fe tf] л (лн. 1 s h e lv e s ) полкаthe watch is slow часы отстают
Qol] л скорлупа; оболочка;
[fetvz] мм. ч. от ahelf
во [fam] v (ih w i) светиться);
спять; блестеть
ffamtg] а светящийся
ffanu] а сверкающнй
[fok] п удар, толчок; оотря- snow dr op f mowirap] n подивежннк
1rfu-,mBika] п сапожник
[fan] сл. shine
■ ffovtepo] п лавочник
i р}эртэп] я продавец
I Цж] я берег (моря)
А м М я ffoulds] я плечо
■hoit [feut] v кричать
shnt [fxt] d (shnt) закрывать; а за­ soil* [вэ||] и пачкать
крытый
elck [як] а больной
sickle fsrid] n oepn
Bide [said] я сторона, бок, край;
flight [salt] я зрение; вид, зрелище
sign si Гвдп1] я сигнал; знак
silent fsaiiont] а молчаливый, ти­
хий
silk [я&] я шелк
Billy pub] а глупый
silver [’srivs] п серебро; а оеребрл-
[sns] adv с тех пор; prep с,
после; cj о тех пор как
sink [ядк] v (flank, вояк) тонуть
sitting-room рийдола] п общая
skate [skat] v кататься на коньках
skeleton fskelitn] п скелет
skin [skm] п кожа, коясура; н а ­
р у ж н ы й слой, оболочка
sky [skAi] п небо
slate [slett] л сланец; грифельная
Доска
sledge [tled3 ] п сани
в!еор [alirp] v (slept) спать
sleepy pslirpi] а сонный
slept [slept] см. sleep
slide [sfaiid] (along) и скользить;
кататься по льду
slot [sbt] я щель
slow {slou] а медленный, тихий
slowly fskmh] adv медленно
11 [smel] v (smelt) нюхать
It [smelt] cm. smell
Is [mad] я улыбка; v улыбаться
I [smouk] я дым; v курить
smoky psDouia] а туманный
smooth [smu:6] a гладкий, ровный
snewflske fsnoufledc] n свежинка;
мн. ч. хлопья снега
so [sou] adv так, таким образом;
итак, поетому
sods Psoude] п оода
sols fsoufo] п диван
soft [soft] а мягкий, нежный
soil1 [sod] я почва; грунт
sold [sould] см. sell
soldlsr f зоиЦр] я солдат
solid fsabd] а твердый
I [seund] я звук
p [sirp] я суп
thorn f влДеп] a i
■ [sou] v сеять
1f sous] я I
[spas) я
«3
spaceman fspetsmen] л космонавт
ipedi [q>e»d] л лопата
sparkle fsporkl] и искриться,
сверкать
ip i ech [spi.'tf] л речь
•pad [spd] v писать или произно­
сить слово по буквам
spelling fspehi)] л орфография;
написание (слова)
splinter fsplmta] л щепка
spoil [spoil] и портить
sponge [зрлпдз] л губка
spoon [spu n] л ложка
spot [spot] л пятяо; точка
spray [spret] л распылитель.
пульверизатор
spring [spmj] л источник, родник,
ключ; и возникать; появля­
ться
square [skwte] а квадратный
squirrel fskwiral] л белка
stalk [stoik] л стебель, черенок
stand1 [suend] л стойка; вешалка
stand2 [sUeod] и (stood) стоять;
выдерживать
star [sto:j звеада
starfish [’staifij] п морская звеада
start [start] v отправляться,
пускаться в путь; начинать
starve [sta:v] v страдать или
умирать от голода
state [steit] л состояние, положение
station fsteijn] л станция, желез­
нодорожная станция, вокзал;
остановка
stay [stei] v оставаться
steani [sti:m] л пар
steamship fstiimjrp] л пароход
steel [sti:l] л сталь
stem rstem] л ствол; стебель
•Up [step] л шаг, ступенька; и
шагать, ступать
stern [sta:n] л корма
stick [stik] л палка
sticky ['stiki] а липкий, клейкий
still [stil] а тихий; adv тихо, не­
подвижно; все еще; однако
stone [stoun] л камень
stood [stud] см. stand
stop [stop] n остановка; v останав­
ливаться); переставать
214
stare [sta] v хранить; вмещать
storey fstxn] n этаж
storm [stoan] л бури, гроза
store [stouv] л печь
straight [strett] а примой; adv
прямо
strange [stremd3 ] а странный; чу­
жой
strap [stnep] л ремень; v стягивать
ремнем
straw [stra] л солома
strawberry ['stre:bon] л земляника
stream [stri:m] л ручей, поток;
струя
strength [streij0] л сила
strike [stnuk] v (struck) ударять
stroke [strouk] v гладить, ласкать
strong [sir*)] а сильный, крепкий,
прочный
struck (strAk] см. strike
struggle ('str.\gl) л борьба
study fst\di] v заниматься, учи­
ться
style [stail] л стиль
suffer ['sAfa] v страдать
sugar ffiKpj n сахар
sugar-bowl f Juga,boul] л сахарница
suit [sju:t] л костюм
suitcase [’sjurtkeis] л чемодан
sunk [sAqkj cm. sink
sunlight fsAiilait] л солнечный свет
sunny ['жлш] а солнечный
sunshine fsAnJam] л солнечный
свет
suppose [sa'pouz] v предполагать;
думать
sure [fua] а уверенный
surface fss:fis] л поверхность
surprised [sa'pnuzd] a: be surprised
удивляться
swam [swrai] см. swim
swan [swdti] n лебедь
sweep [swi p] v мести, подметать
sweet [swi t] а сладкий; свежий;
душистый; л конфета
swim [swim] v (swam, swum)
плавать, переплывать
swum (swAm] cm. swim
switch [switf] on v зажечь
sympathetically [(51гарэ'0си1к|:>11|]
adv сочувственно
 т thnnder fO\nde] n гром
table-cloth ftciblkbO] л скатерть
tailor fteib] n портной
take [teik] v (took, taken) брать,
таять; вести, приводить
take away убирать
take care (of) заботиться
take off снимать
take out вынимать
take ар поднимать
taken [Setkn] c m . take
talent [‘taclani] n талант
talk [todc] v разговаривать; n раз­
говор
tall [0:1] а высокий
tame [teim] а ручной; v приручать
tank [tsgkj n цистерна, бак
tar [to:] л смола
tasta [tetst] n вкус; v иметь вкус
tear1[tie] л слеза
tear1 [tea] v (tore, torn) рвать,
срывать
tea-apoon fti:spu:n] л чайная ло­
жечка
teeth [ti:0 ] мн. ч. от tooth
telegram ('tehgncro] л телеграмма
telephone Pteltfoun] n телефон
teleoeope [ teliskoup] л телескоп
tarm [ta:m] л период, срок, время;
семестр, четверть
teat [tort] v проверять; выслушивать
than [ten] cj чем
therefore ['6eaf:>:] adv поэтому,
следовательно
thick [Oik] а густой; толстый; adv
густо, обильно
thin [От] а тонкий, худой
thing [Ob)] л вещь; существо;
ооадаиве; дело, случай
thongh [бои] cj хотя, несмотря на
thonaand fOauzond] пит тысяча
thread [Ored] л нитка
threw [Oru:] см. throw
throat [Otout] л горло
through [Oru:] ргр через
thronghont [Oru'aut] adv повсюду,
везде
throw [Orou] v (threw, thrown)
бросать
thrown [Oroun] c m . throw
thumb [Олт] n большой палец
(руки)
thunderstorm ( 'б л ш Ы ь . ш ] n гроза
thus [Oas] adv таким образом
tkhet fulot) n билет
ticking ('tikii}] n тиканье
tightly ftaflli] adv крепко
till [til] ргр до; cj до тех пор пока
time [taim] n время; раз
in time вовремя
tiny ['taim] а очень маленький,
крошечный
tired ftai»d] а усталый
be tired уставать
title ['taitl] n заглавие
title-page fuiitlpeu^] n титульный
лист (книги)
toe [tou] n палец (на но/е)
together [la'geto] adv вместе
toilet [*(3ilit] n туалет
token ('touk(3)n] л талон, жетон
tomato [ta'motou] л помидор
tone [toun] n тон
tongue [tAi)] n язык
took [tuk] c m take
tool [m l] n инструмент (рабочий)
tooth [tu 0] л (мн. ч. teeth) зуб
toothache ftu:Oetk] л зубная боль
top [(эр] л верхушка; верх
tore [О:] см tear
torn [оя] см. toar
tooe [ih] v бросать, кидать
tour [tua] п поездка
towards [o'wrxdz] ргр к, по направ­
лению к
towel [iaual] л полотенце
toy [Ldi] л игрушка
tradition [tra'dijan] л традиция
traffic ['tnefik] л движение; тран­
спорт
traffic jam „пробка", затор
(в уличном движении)
traffic light светофор
train1[ircm] л поезд
train3v воспитывать, учить
tram [tnem] л трамвай
transistor [tnen'ststa] л транзистор
trash [tnej] п отбросы; мусор
travel ['tncvl] v путешествовать
travelling ftnevltr)] л путешествие
treat [tri:t] v обращаться, обходи­
ться
215
tremble ftrembl] i; дрожать; тряс­
тись
trip [tnp] n путешествие; поездка
trolley-bus [‘trolibAil л троллейбус
trouble [ЧгаЫ] л неприятность, бе­
да, горе; беспокойство; v бес­
покоился), тревожитЬся)
truck [trAk] л тележка; груэовкк
true [tru:] а верный, правдивый
tnm k [trAqk] л ствол (дерева)
truth [tru:0] л правда
try [trai] v пытаться, пробовать;
испытывать; стараться
tv be [riu:b] п электронная лампа
tulip njurlip] л тюльпан
tunnel [Чдп1] я туннель
turn [tarn] v поворачиваться); пре­
вращаться; делаться, станови­
ться
tom away отворачиваться
torn back повернуть назад
tern отег перевертываться),
опрокидываться)
turn round оборачиваться
tire ip (Ъетгр] л репа
tnrtle [Ъ:Н] л черепаха
twilight ftwaiUut] л сумерки
U платяной шкаф
umbrella [лтЪгеЬ] п зонтик
unde [*Ajjkl] я дядя
under f лшЬ] ргр под
underground f A ix b g r a u n d ] n метро­
политен; а подземный
understand [ ^ n d a 's ta e n d ] v (under­
stood) понимать
understood [.A iK b 'rtu d ] c m . under­
stand
unfortunately [An'foajnrtli] adv к
несчастью, к сожалению
unhappy [ллЪ«Бр|) а несчастливый;
нес час тный
until [эп^!] ргр до; сj пока не
upon [э'роп] ргр на
upward fApw ad] adv наверх
use [ju:z] v употреблять, пользо­
ваться; [ju:s] л польза, употреб­
ление
useful fjutful] а полезный
216
V
▼acutun-cleaner fv«lcjitamlkli:na] л
пылесос
▼alley fv*li] л долина
▼ass [Vorz] я ваза
▼egetablee fved^btz] n мн. ч.
овощи
▼egetable garden огород
▼snsel fvesl] я судво, корабль
▼isw [vju ] я вид; пейзаж
▼illage fvibd3] я деревня
▼iolet [Vaialit] n фиалка
▼isit [Vizit] v посещать, навещать;
n визит
▼oice [уэи] n голос
W
wage [weid3 ] n преил. мн. ч. зара­
ботная плата
wait [weit] (for) v ждать (коео-л.)
wake [wetkj (up) v (woke, woken)
v просыпаться; будить
walk [work] n прогулка; v гулять,
ходить пешком
wall [woil] n стена
wall-unit ['wo:ljuout] n стенка
wardrobe [’wxdroub] n гардероб,
warm [vrara] а теплый; и гретЬся),
согреваться)
warmth [woanO] я тепло
washbasin [’woj.bcisn] n умываль­
ная раковина
washing-machine fwoju) ma'Jun] n
стиральная машина
waste [went] n потеря; отходы,
отбросы; и терять (время)
watch1[wotf] п часы (наручные)
watch3 и наблюдать, следить за
watchmaker [lw3tJlmciko] я часов­
щик
watering-can [lwxtonQlkaa>] л лейка
wave [wetv] л волна
way [wei] л путь, дорога; способ
weather [Veto] л погода
weave [wi:v] v плести
weed [wi:d] v полоть, выпалывать
сорняки
weigh [wet] v взвешивать; весить
walconn fwdkam] v приветствовать
well [wel] я колодец; родник
went [went] см. go w ont [weat] a {npteocx. ст. от
wtet [west] л ЦП1 Д bad) панхудпшй; adv хуже
wot [wet] а мокрый, сырой воего
w kiU rer [wat'cva] а какой бы на; wriggle fngl] v навиваться
cj вое что; что бы нн wrinkle fn^kl] v мять; мяться
wheat [wi:t] л п о н я т а
wheel [wil] л колесо Y
wherever [wter'eva] adv где бы га; yard [jo:d] л ярд (аншл, мера дли­
куда бы п ны, около 90 см)
which [wrtf] ргоп который, какой, yeaat [ji:*t] л дрожжи
что yellow [’jeiou] а желтый
while [wail] cj в то время как,
пока
whirl [wa:l] v вертетЦся); кружи­
ться)
whistle fwisl] л свисток; свист
white [wait] а белый; л белок
white of egg яичный белок
wide [waid] а широкий
widely fwaidli] adv широко
willow fwilou] л ива
wind1[wind] л ветер
wind1[watnd] v заводить {часы)
windecreea ['wm(d)skri:n] n asm.
переднее стекло, ветровое
стекло
window-pane [ 'wtndoupcm] л окон­
ное стекло
wing [wn)] л крыло
wipe [wapj v вытирать, утирать
wiper fwaipe] л стеклоочиститель
wire fwaie] л провод
wise [waiz] a мудрый, благоразум­
ный
wish [wij] v желать, хотеть
without [wi’Aaut] ргр без
woke [wouk] cm. wake
woken fwouk|a)n] cm. wake
wonder fwAndej v удивляться,
поражаться
wonderfnl fwAJKfafUJ] а удивитель­
ный
wood(i) [wud(z|] л лес; дерево;
дрова
woodentter f wudlovta] n дровосек
wooden Pwudn] а деревянный
woolen fwulm] а шерстяной
worry [*waji] v беспокоить, волно­
вать
worn [we:s] а {сравнит, ст. от
bad) худший; adv хуже
 CONTENTS
In th e S k y and o u t o f th e S k y
The S u n ...............................................................................6
The Glad Sun (a poem ) ................................................... 7
The N orth, the South, the East, the W est .................8
The N ight and the S ta re ..................................................—
The Stars (a poem) .......................................................... 10
The M oo n............................................................................ —
The Moon and the Stars (a p o e m )................................12
Molly and the Moon .........................................................—
The Blue Sky, the Rainbow and the C louds................. 14
The Clouds (a p o e m ) ........................................................15
The Rainbow and the S u n ............................................... 16
The Rainbow (a p o em ).....................................................17
A ir, W ind, Thunder and L ig h tn in g ............................. —
How Far Away Is the Thunderstorm s ......................... 19
The W ind and the S u n .....................................................20
Which Way Does the W ind Blow? (a p o e m ) .............21
Fog, Rain, Hail, Snow and Ic e .......................................22
Little Rain-drops (a p o e m )............................................ 23
Snow (a p o e m ).................................................................. —
On the Ice (a poem) .........................................................—
Smile with us! ....................................................................24
In th e W a ter
W a te r ................................................................................... 26
W ater Everywhere ............................................................27
Little Things (a poem) ................................................... 28
Rivers and S e a s ................................................................. —
Work (a poem ) ................................................................. 30
On the S eashore................................................................. 31
The S ta rfis h ........................................................................ —
The Je lly -fish ..................................................................... 32
The C r a b ..............................................................................33
The Lobster ........................................................................ 34
The S p on g e......................................................................... 35
Beet of All (a poem) ........................................................37
The F is h ............................................................................... 38
A Luminous F is h .............................................................. 39
An Electric Fish ................................................................40
A Climbing Fish ................................................................—
A Strange F isherm an........................................................41
The Gold-fish (a p o e m )................................................... 42
218
On the Ground
About Plante................................................................44
Plant Life.....................................................................45
Plant Factories ............................................................46
The Little Plant (a poem) ......................................... 47
Useful Plante.............................................................. —
Cotton....................................................................... —
Flax...........................................................................49
W heat....................................................................... —
Sugar........................................................................ 51
Smile with us! ......................................................... 52
T ea............................................................................ —
Coffee....................................................................... 55
Cocoa........................................................................ 57
Trees ............................................................................ —
The Birch-tree............................................................. 59
The Oak-tree................................................................—
The Beech-tree............................................................. 61
The Willow.................................................................. —
The Rubber-tree...........................................................—
If All the Seas WereOne Sea (a poem) ..................... 63
The Pine-tree.............................................................. 64
The Cedar.....................................................................—
Why Some Trees AreEvergreen .................................65
Who Loves the Trees Best? (a poem)........................67
The Little Fir-tree.......................................................68
The Orchard.................................................................69
The Apple.....................................................................71
Appleeeed John ...........................................................73
Rosy Apples (a poem) ............................................... 75
A Pear-tree.................................................................. —
Be True! (a poem).......................................................76
Tropical F r u it............................................................. —
A Clever Answer......................................................... 79
In the Garden...............................................................80
Potatoes....................................................................... 81
Flowers ........................................................................ 83
Habits of Flowers........................................................ 84
Colours (a poem) ........................................................ 86
The Dandelion (a poem) .............................................—
Garden Tools................................................................87
Under the Ground
The Story of Coal........................................................ 90
219
 Iron...............................................................................92
Gold and Silver .......................................................... 94
G ranite.........................................................................95
Chalk............................................................................96
Slate............................................................................. 97
A Lesson of S a lt......................................................... 98
All for You (a poem) ................................................ 100
Take Care of the Earth
Air and Water Pollution............................................101
Air and Land Pollution.............................................. 104
Oil and Gasoline......................................................... 106
What Can You Do to Protect Nature?...................... 108
In the Street
What Can We See in the Street?............................... 109
The Traffic Light (a poem) .......................................110
Safety Rules ................................................................ I l l
Safety F irs t................................................................. —
What Is More Useful? ................................................—
The Underground........................................................ 113
For the First Tim e......................................................114
At Home
The House and the Flat We Live i n .......................... 117
What Helps Us in Our Work at Hom e..................... 120
The Food We B at........................................................ 122
Breed............................................................................ 128
The Five Loaves of B reed.......................................... 124
Do You Know How to Lay the Table? ...................... —
Table Manners............................................................. 125
Smile with u s!............................................................. 126
W hat We Can See at Home and at School
The Watch and the Clock.......................................... 128
What the Clock Says to Teddy (a poem) ..................130
T6mmy-Too-Late......................................................... 181
Do Your Best (a poem ).............................................. 132
Smile With Us!............................................................138
The Telephone............................................................. 184
Good Telephone Manners............................................135
Smile with us! ............................................................. —
The Book......................................................................137
Paper.............................................................................189
How a Book Is Made................................................... 140
A Tale of Two Books.................................................. 141
22О
 Do You Know How to Keep a Book 01мл? ..............146
What Things Are Made o f ......................................... —
Smile with us ! ............................................................. 147
Computers................................................................... 149
Our P ets
Our Pets....................................................................... 162
The D og....................................................................... —
Do You Know How to Feed a Dog?........................... 164
Take Care of You Dog................................................. —
Doge (a poem) ............................................................ —
A Clever Dog .............................................................. 166
Bill, the Fireman’s Dog.............................................. 166
The C at........................................................................ 168
Do You Know How to Take Care of a Cat?............... 169
The Pussy-cat (a poem) ............................................. —
Charles Dickens’s C a t.................................................160
The P arrot................................................................... 161
Papagallo.....................................................................162
How We Travel
Travelling.....................................................................164
A Railway Station.......................................................166
Different Trains ......................................................... 166
Trains (a poem) ......................................................... 167
The Little Red Engine.................................................168
Airplanes......................................................................171
The Brave P ilo t...........................................................178
Travelling (a poem )................................................... 176
The Pilot's P e t ............................................................176
Pilots (a poem) ...........................................................178
The Helicopter............................................................. 179
Boats and Ships...........................................................180
Jack's New B oat......................................................... 181
I Wish I Knew (a poem )............................................188
Travelling by C ar........................................................ 184
If You Are Driving in the Fog................................... 185
For Those Who Like to Travel................................... 186
Who Helps Us
People Who Work for U s ...........................................187
The Most Important Man in the Village...................189
What Shall I Be? (a poem )........................................ 191
Smile with u s!............................................................. 198
The Doctor (a poem )..................................................196
Vocabulary.................................................................. 199
2*1
 Series "Just for Pleasure"
Beginners level

ALL AROUND YOU

ВОКРУГ НАС
для V-VI классов школ с углубленным изучением
английского языка

4-е издание, переработ анное и дополненное

ББК 83.98 УДК 820-93

Утевская Н. Л .
All around You (Вокруг нас). — СПб: Питер Пресс, 1996. —224 с. —
(Серия «Just For Pleasure»).
ISBN 5-88782-035-7
В сборник вошли короткие познавательные рассказы, стихи,
загадки, смешные истории о самых разнообразных вещах и
явлениях, окружающих ребенка. Материал книги тесно
переплетается с темами школьной программы и может быть
использован как на занятиях по устной практике, так и для
домашнего чтения. Тексты сопровождаются различными типами
заданий.

© Утевская Н. Л., 1996,

составление, комментарии
© Питер Пресс», 1996,
ISBN 5-88782-035-7 серия, оформление
 ALL
AROUND
YOU
Вы держите в руках перера­
ботанное и дополненное издание
книги, хорошо известной многим
поколениям школьников, изучавших
английский язык. В неё вошли ко­
роткие познавательные рассказы,
весёлые истории, стихи и загадки о
том, что происходит под землей и в
небе, кто живет под водой и на суше,
как вести себя в школе, дома и на
улице...
Доступный язык, наличие раз­
личных тренировочных заданий и
словаря, пересечение с темами
школьной программы делают книгу
незаменимой при изучении англий­
ского языка в средних классах
общеобразовательных школ.