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Next to the drama, the lyric is the chief glory of the Elizabethan era. It is the golden age
of the lyrics as well as of the drama. There are various factors which transformed
England into a nest of singing birds during the age;
(1) There was the Elizabethan content and zest for life. When a man is happy and
contented, he sings. The nation was happy, so it sang. The song is everywhere in the
street, in the court, and on the stage. Everybody writes lyrics, down from the flowery
courtier to the man in the street. The sweetest songs of all occur in the drama of the
period; even prose romances like Arcadia are scattered all over with songs.
(2) Foreign influence, specially of France and Italy, did much to stimulate the growth of
the Elizabethan lyric. Songs from France were translated, imitated and modified, and
they inspired the people to new endeavour.
(3) There was a renaissance of music. The Elizabethans craved for music. The richer
sections had their own musicians to while away their leisure hours. Countless books of
music were published of which Thomas Campion's Books of Airs was the most popular.
They gave Elizabethans both the song and its tune. Lyric and music are near allied; love
of music led to the growth of the lyric.
(4) It was an age of poetry and romance. New wonders were being discovered almost
everyday; the poet lived and worte against a background of magic and enchantment.
The atmosphere was surcharged with romance, and song is t he very breath of
romance.
An analysis of these lyrics shows that they are practically one very subject between
heavan and earth, but the most popular subjects are (1) love, (2) religion, and (3) nature.
The poets again and again find the charms of nature united in their mistresses. The
lyrics are in every mood, sometimes even mocking and melancholy. But the prevalent
mood is gay and merry.