LECTURE 04

Slope stability

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 Slopes

Types of slopes: natural vs. man-made

Man-made slopes: Cut / Engineered slopes

Types of slopes failure

Fall
Topple
Slide
Spread
Flow

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 Slopes

Fall: Sudden detachment of soil and/or rock fragments that fall

down a slope / typically occurs in rock slopes

Topple: Forward rotation of soil and/or rock mass / also comm

on in rock slopes

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 Slopes

Slide: Downward movement of a soil mass occurring on a surfa

ce of rupture (often denoted as a failure surface)  representat
ive case of slope failure  will be covered in the lecture

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 Slopes

Spread: A form of slide by translation. Sudden movement of wa

ter bearing seams of sands or silts. Often occurs during earthq
uakes for shallow slopes (under liquefaction)

Flow: Downward movement of soil mass similar to a viscous flu

id. Occurs under heavy rain or earthquakes (under liquefaction)

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 A special interest: Debris flow 토석류

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 A special interest: Debris flow 토석류

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 A special interest: Debris flow 토석류 (우면산)

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 A special interest: Debris flow 토석류 (우면산)

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 Swedish circle

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 Lecture outline

Definition of factor of safety – Limit equilibrium

Infinite slopes
Planar failure surface – Culmann’s method
Analysis of slopes with Circular failure surface
Slopes in homogeneous clay (Swedish circle method)
Ordinary method of slices
Modified Bishop method

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 Factor of safety

The goal of analyzing a slope is to ensure that the slope is goi

ng to be safe enough given a certain configuration (soil proper
ties, geometry, externally applied load, pore water pressure regi
me)

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 Factor of safety

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 Factor of safety

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 Factor of safety

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 Factor of safety

Also (potential) failure surface

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 Infinite slopes - Dry

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 Infinite slopes - Dry H

’v
’v=zcos
Normal and tangential components of ’v
(’v)n=zcos2
(’v)t=zcos2

′ ′
′ ′ ′

/

If c’=0, sand will stand at an angle of repose equal to its friction a

ngle  sand will stand at an angle of repose equal to its friction
angle
If  > ϕ, will result in sliding until  = ϕ

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 Infinite slopes - Submerged

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 Infinite slopes – Seepage parallel to slope surface, with
phreatic line at slope surface

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 Infinite slopes – Seepage parallel to slope surface, with
phreatic line at slope surface

Equipotential line

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 Infinite slopes – Seepage parallel to slope surface, with
phreatic line at slope surface

Hcos2
Hcos

Uside = Uleft – Uright = 0

Ubase = wHcos2(L/cos )
= wHLcos

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 Infinite slopes – Seepage parallel to slope surface, with
phreatic line at slope surface

Teq FS = N’tan/Teq

Teq = Wsin = HLsatsin 

N = Wcos  = HLsatcos 
N’ = Wcos - Ubase
W =HLsatcos  - HL wcos =HL ’cos 
N’
′ ′
 
N
FS = ’tan/
Ubase
 = Wsin /(L/cos  )= satHsin cos 
’ = (-pore pressure)
=(satHcos2 - H wcos2)
=(’Hcos2)
′ ′ ′
′ ′
    
 

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 Finite slope with Plane failure surfaces
– Culmann’s method

W=

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 Finite slope with Plane failure surfaces
– Culmann’s method

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 Finite slope with Plane failure surfaces
– Culmann’s method

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 Finite slope with Plane failure surfaces
– Culmann’s method

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 Finite slope with Plane failure surfaces
– Culmann’s method

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 Finite slope with Plane failure surfaces
– Culmann’s method

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 Finite slope with circular failure surface

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