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Pilot Operating
Manual
Author: Julian Lockwood (julian@x-plane.com)
Disclaimer
The information contained in this document is for simulation use only, within the X-Plane flight simulator. This document is not
subject to revision, and has not been checked for accuracy. This document is intended for entertainment only, and may not to be
used in situations involving real-life aircraft, or real-life aviation.
Distribution
This document may be copied and distributed by Laminar Research customers and developers, for entertainment. It may also be
distributed with third-party content developed for X-Plane 11.
1
The Garmin 430............................................................................................................................................. 4
The X-Plane 430 ............................................................................................................................................ 5
The “Pop-Up” X430 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Invoking, moving, sizing, and closing the “Pop-Up” X430 ............................................................................ 6
X430 Controls ................................................................................................................................................ 9
COM / VLOC Rotary Control .................................................................................................................... 11
GPS Rotary Control ................................................................................................................................. 11
Setting the COM Frequency ........................................................................................................................ 12
Setting the NAV Frequency ......................................................................................................................... 13
Enabling and Squelching the NAV Morse Code Identifier .......................................................................... 14
“Nav” Page Group ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Shortcut to the Nav Page Group ............................................................................................................. 15
The Active Page ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Default Nav Page..................................................................................................................................... 16
Map Page ................................................................................................................................................ 16
VNAV Page .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Programming a VNAV Scenario........................................................................................................... 17
Flying a VNAV Scenario ....................................................................................................................... 17
“Waypoint” Page Group ............................................................................................................................. 18
Shortcut to the Waypoint Page Group ................................................................................................... 18
The Active Page ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Airport Location Page ............................................................................................................................. 19
Airport Runway Page .............................................................................................................................. 19
Airport Frequency Page .......................................................................................................................... 19
Airport Approach Page............................................................................................................................ 20
Airport Arrival Page................................................................................................................................. 20
Airport Departure Page........................................................................................................................... 21
“Nearest” Page Group................................................................................................................................. 22
Shortcut to the Nearest Page Group ...................................................................................................... 22
The Active Page ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Nearest Airport Page............................................................................................................................... 23
Nearest Intersection Page....................................................................................................................... 23
Nearest NDB Page ................................................................................................................................... 24
2
Nearest VOR Page ................................................................................................................................... 24
Nearest Airspace Page ............................................................................................................................ 25
“Flight Plan” Page Group ............................................................................................................................ 26
Shortcut to the Flight Plan Page Group .................................................................................................. 26
The Active Page ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Active Flight Plan Page ............................................................................................................................ 27
Flight Plan Catalog Page .......................................................................................................................... 27
Programming a Flight Plan .......................................................................................................................... 28
Initializing the X430 / Deleting a previous Flight Plan ............................................................................ 28
The Initial Waypoint ................................................................................................................................ 29
Activating the Cursor .............................................................................................................................. 29
Inserting Waypoints ................................................................................................................................ 30
Deleting Waypoints................................................................................................................................. 31
Selecting a Standard Instrument Departure (SID) .................................................................................. 32
Selecting a Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) ......................................................................................... 34
Selecting an Approach ............................................................................................................................ 36
Direct To (a waypoint) ............................................................................................................................ 38
Activating a Leg ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Activating an Approach ........................................................................................................................... 40
Activating Vectors to Final ...................................................................................................................... 41
Loading a (saved) Flight Plan....................................................................................................................... 42
The OBS Function ........................................................................................................................................ 43
SUSPEND (SUSP) Mode ............................................................................................................................... 45
Messages..................................................................................................................................................... 46
Autopilot Operations .................................................................................................................................. 47
3
The Garmin 430
The Garmin 430 is an advanced
panel-mounted IFR navigation and
communication system that has
proven extremely popular with
General Aviation pilots.
4
The X-Plane 430
The Laminar Research / X-Plane 11 G430
system will be referred to here as the X430. This
has been developed by our team to resemble
the Garmin 430, both in appearance and
function. However, the capability and operation
of this device in the simulator may differ in some
areas to the real product.
5
Invoking, moving, sizing, and closing the “Pop-
Up” X430
Invoking the pop-up X430
To invoke the pop-up X430 panel, position and click the mouse-pointer anywhere inside the DISPLAY area of the X430 panel in the
3D cockpit.
6
Moving the pop-up X430
Now click and drag the pop-up X430 panel to the desired
location on your computer screen.
7
Closing the pop-up X430
8
X430 Controls
This section identifies the control features of the X430. Where relevant, these are discussed in more detail later in the guide.
VLOC (VOR / Localizer) Frequency Flip-Flop Used to swap the active and stand-by VLOC (VOR /
4 Key Localizer) frequency.
9
Comm / VLOC Inner Rotary Control Center Toggles between stand-by comm radio frequency and
6 (Push Button) stand-by VLOC (VOR / Localizer) frequency
11 Flight Plan (FPL) button Used to create, edit, and activate flight plans.
GPS Inner Rotary Control Center (Cursor Multi-function control, depending on the selected
14 Button) mode.
10
COM / VLOC Rotary Control
11
Setting the COM Frequency
Important
The X430 features built-in comm and nav radios. In X-Plane 11 default aircraft, this unit is usually assigned the COM2 and
NAV2 designations. However, this may not be the case in your aircraft.
12
Setting the NAV Frequency
Important
The X430 features built-in comm and nav radios. In X-Plane 11 default aircraft, this unit is usually assigned the COM2 and
NAV2 designations. However, this may not be the case in your aircraft.
The X430 features built-in comm and nav radios. In X-Plane 11 default aircraft, this unit is usually assigned the COM2 and NAV2
designations.
13
Enabling and Squelching the NAV Morse Code
Identifier
Important
The X430 features built-in comm and nav radios. In X-Plane 11 default aircraft, this unit is usually assigned the COM2 and
NAV2 designations. However, this may not be the case in your aircraft.
14
“Nav” Page Group
This is a group of three pages that collectively provide positional awareness to the pilot, via a plan view of the route and flight plan (if
any). A VNAV flight profile may also be input here.
2. Map Page.
3. VNAV Page.
15
Default Nav Page
Map Page
VNAV Page
16
Programming a VNAV Scenario
Let’s consider a scenario whereby, at the end of a flight to KSFO San Francisco International, the pilot wishes to descend at a rate
of 500 feet per minute to a pattern altitude of 1,000 MSL, three miles before arrival.
17
“Waypoint” Page Group
This is a group of three pages that collectively display information about the origin and destination airports.
Then…
18
Airport Location Page
19
Airport Approach Page
20
Airport Departure Page
21
“Nearest” Page Group
Shortcut to the Nearest Page Group
Then…
5. Nearest Airspace.
22
Nearest Airport Page
23
Nearest NDB Page
24
Nearest Airspace Page
25
“Flight Plan” Page Group
Shortcut to the Flight Plan Page Group
Then…
26
Active Flight Plan Page
27
Programming a Flight Plan
In this section of the guide, the steps associated with programming a flight plan will be discussed. The sample flight plan used here
will be:
Important
Flight plan waypoints and procedures change over time. The sample flight plan used here may no longer be current, and some of
these waypoints may not be available for selection during your flight.
Loading a previously-saved flight-plan into the X430 is discussed later in this guide, in the section entitled Loading a (saved)
Flight Plan.
Before inputting a new flight plan, it’s important to initialize the X430 - by deleting any existing flight plan that may be present. To
accomplish this:
28
The Initial Waypoint
29
Inserting Waypoints
30
Deleting Waypoints
31
Selecting a Standard Instrument Departure (SID)
[From Wikipedia] A SID is an air traffic control coded departure procedure that has been established at certain airports to simplify
clearance delivery procedures.
Although a SID will keep aircraft away from terrain, it is optimized for air traffic control route of flight and will not always provide the
lowest climb gradient. It strikes a balance between terrain and obstacle avoidance, noise abatement (if necessary), and airspace
management considerations.
32
• Click the GPS Inner Rotary at
the 3 O’clock and 9 O’clock
positions to select the
departure runway.
• A graphical representation of
the chosen departure
procedure is displayed.
33
Selecting a Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR)
[From Wikipedia] A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is a flight route defined and published by the air navigation service provider
that usually covers the phase of a flight that lies between the last point of the route filled in the flight plan and the first point of the
approach to the airport, normally the initial approach fix (IAF). Hence, a STAR connects the en-route phase with the approach phase
of the flight.
34
• Click the GPS Inner Rotary at
the 3 O’clock and 9 O’clock
positions to select the desired
transition waypoint.
• A graphical representation of
the chosen departure
procedure is displayed.
35
Selecting an Approach
[From Wikipedia] An instrument approach, or instrument approach procedure (IAP), is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the
orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point
from which a landing may be made visually.
36
• Click the GPS Inner Rotary at
the 3 O’clock and 9 O’clock
positions to select the desired
initial approach fix (IAF). You
may select VECTORS in place
of an IAF, if ATC is providing
these.
• A graphical representation of
the chosen departure
procedure is displayed.
37
Direct To (a waypoint)
At any time during the execution of a Flight Plan, the pilot may elect to proceed directly to a given waypoint. The chosen waypoint
need not be in the existing Flight Plan (although it can be), and hence ‘Direct To’ differs from ‘Activate Leg’ (see next page).
38
Activating a Leg
Use the “Activate Leg” menu option to resume navigation at a specific leg (waypoint to waypoint) within your flight plan, bypassing
previous legs.
39
Activating an Approach
Use the “Activate Approach” menu option once ATC clears you for an instrument approach via a transition or an initial approach fix.
This will switch from en-route (ENR) or terminal (TERM) navigation to approach (APR) navigation. Flight plan navigation is
canceled, and approach navigation is activated. Instead of flying to the center of the airport from an arbitrary direction, the GPS will
now guide you according to the (previously) selected approach procedure.
40
Activating Vectors to Final
Use the “Activate Vectors to Final” menu option when you are vectored to the approach by ATC. When you select this, the GPS
removes all approach transitions and instead shows you an extended line-up for the final approach course to the final approach fix
(FAF) for the selected approach procedure.
41
Loading a (saved) Flight Plan
Flight plans that have been generated previously by your chosen provider (and saved in the appropriate format for X-Plane) may be
loaded into the X430 (replacing the currently active flight plan). The following file (extension) types are acceptable:
42
The OBS Function
Important
The OBS function is used in conjunction with your aircraft’s VOR/ILS receiver. The X430 unit must be assigned to the same
NAV designator (NAV1, NAV2, etc.) as used by the companion VOR/ILS receiver.
The Omni Bearing Selector (OBS) button provides the pilot with the capability to fly to, or from, any waypoint or fix via a chosen
bearing.
Let’s assume we are starting from KLAX, and the next waypoint in the Flight Plan is KTOA. Due to circumstances during the
flight, the pilot wishes to approach KTOA on a bearing of North (360 degrees).
43
• Click the OBS Button to place
the X430 in OBS mode.
• To approach KTOA on a
bearing of 360 degrees, the
pilot would intercept the
magenta line, and follow it to
KTOA.
44
SUSPEND (SUSP) Mode
“Suspend” mode is invoked by the X430 when there is a requirement to delay the automatic sequencing to the next leg of the
flight plan.
• “Suspend” mode becomes active when executing a published approach procedure, and a missed approach decision is
required. The X430 cannot make this decision for the pilot, because it is dependent on the visibility conditions, and
therefore invokes “Suspend” mode. If the pilot makes the decision to continue with the approach, the X430 remains in
“Suspend” mode, and continues to fly the procedure to a landing. If the pilot initiates a missed-approach, he must click
the “OBS” button, to deactivate “Suspend” mode, at which time the X430 will sequence to the first leg of the missed
approach.
45
Messages
The X430 features a 'MSG' annunciator at the bottom of the display panel to alert the pilot to information that is pertinent to the
flight. Most messages are advisory in nature, but some may require pilot intervention.
46
Autopilot Operations
Important
If the X430 is not the primary GPS unit in your aircraft, it may not be possible to couple this unit to the autopilot.
In suitably equipped aircraft, the Autopilot may be coupled to the X430, to automatically steer according to a programmed flight
plan. Autopilot operations differ from aircraft to aircraft, and so the example here is generic, and cannot be guaranteed to apply
to your specific situation.
47