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Livestock Vaccination
and Health Record Book

Debojyoti Borkotoky
Raj K. Singh

कृ षि षिज्ञान कें द्र फे क

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Phek
भा.कृ .अनु.प. - राष्ट्रीय षिथुन अनुसंधान के न्द्द्र
ICAR - National Research Centre on Mithun
Porba, Pfutsero – 797 107
Phek, Nagaland
www.kvkphek.nic.in

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 Booklet No.: NICRA/2017-18/01
Citation:
Borkotoky, D. and Singh, R. K. 2018. Livestock Vaccination
and Health Record Book, Krishi Vigyan Kendra – Phek,
ICAR – NRC on Mithun, Porba, Phek, Nagaland pp 34.

Published by: Dr. Raj K. Singh

Senior Scientist and Head
For
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Phek
ICAR - National Research Centre on Mithun
Porba, Pfutsero – 797 107
Phek, Nagaland
Email: kvkphek@gmail.com
Website: www.kvkphek.nic.in

First Edition: 2018

© Authors

Published from the financial support made available under

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA),
ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad

Typeset and cover designed by

Dr R. K. Singh

Printed at:
M/s Print House,
Central Apartment, Nagarjan Junction
Dimapur – 797112, Nagaland

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 Preface
Rearing livestock is an integral part of the life of tribal
population as food of the animal origin particularly meat, forms
the basic part of their daily meal. Though they maintain very
small livestock farm as a secondary source of livelihood but
there is no proper system to keep the records. Hence, it is
important to keep proper record of basic information about all
of their livestock and birds. It is always helpful to maintain
pedigrees, breeding records, production records, sale and
purchase records and income and expenditure records. But
keeping of health records is of the utmost importance among all
the records, as it helps to keep track of medications, veterinarian
visits, and also on basic health issue like; sickness, vaccinated
or dewormed.
The present booklet is prepared with the intension to
provide basic information on animal health as ready reference
to the farmers. The booklet will also serve to keep the records
of preventive medication, vaccination and dates for impending
vaccination and medicare schedule. Being lucid and
comprehensive, the booklet will serve as an indispensable
record book of the livestock farmer and also assists the
veterinarian in proper diagnosis, line of treatment and
prognosis. Hope this booklet will contribute towards
maintaining a healthier stock.
- Authors

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 OWNERS DETAILS
Name: ..............................................................................................

Address: ...........................................................................................

Phone number: ................................................................................

Email: .............................................................................................

Description of Livestock:

Dairy cattle..................Strain..................... M............. F................

Mithun.........................Strain..................... M............. F................

Thotho.........................................................M............. F................

Buffalo......................Strain..................... M............. F................

Goat…........................Strain..................... M............. F................

Pig ....................... Breed........................ M............. F................

Chicken ................ Breed........................ M............. F................

Other .........................................................................................

Veterinarian:

Name: .............................................................................................

Address: ..........................................................................................

Phone Number: ...............................................................................

E-mail: ............................................................................................

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 INDEX
S. Topics Page No
No.
1. Foreword
2. Preface
3. Animals and Birds in My Backyard 1
4. Normal Physiological Values and Common 3
Symptoms of ill health
5. Common Health Issues with My Animals 8
6. How I Can Protect My Animals 13
7. Why to Maintain Health Records 19
8. Record sheets 21

List of Tables

Table Topics Page No

No.
1. Basic physiological parameters 3
2. Deworming Program for Livestock and Poultry 15
3. Vaccination schedule of Mithun, thotho and 16
buffalo
4. Vaccination schedule of Pigs Table 16
5. Vaccination schedule for Goat 17
6. Vaccination schedule for dogs 17
7. Vaccination Schedule of Backyard Chicken 18

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 Animals and Birds in My Backyard

Traditionally, livestock and birds are integral to our

backyard resource. Since my early days, I have observed rearing of
different animals at my home. Mithun, tho-tho, buffaloes, pigs,
chicken, ducks are common. My father brings his Mithuns to our
home once in a month to observe their wellbeing and to strengthen
our relationship with the prized animals. He takes pride of being one
of the owners of this majestic animal that he has inherited from his
forefathers. Every year my mother take care of one or two pigs that
she sells during Christmas to meet our expenditure of the auspicious
occasion. We buy new cloths and gift for our friends and relative. I
help her in collection of greens from the jungle and cleaning the pig
shed.

Livestock and birds commonly reared in the village

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 Chicken and ducks are more familiar poultry birds in my
village. Each household owns at least few poultry birds that provide
regular source of egg and meat. Fresh eggs are a great addition to
our backyard produce. Chicken and ducks meander about the
backyard in search of green, bugs, slugs and earthworms which
gives a unique taste to meat and egg. The manure from these animals
also increases our garden's productivity. Village folks are fascinated
about rearing exotic and uncommon birds like turkey, quails, guinea
fowl etc. I am very fond of these animals not because they stand tall
at the distress and delight, but they make our backyard so lively and
full of activity.

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 Normal Physiological Values and
Common Symptoms of ill health
Normal Physiological Values for Selected Animals

Early detection of symptoms of diseases in livestock will

greatly enhances the survivility of the animals. The owner can
observe the aberrations in normal physiological indicators when a
veterinarian isn’t available. This minimal health information will
allow Veterinary doctor and Veterinary Field Assistant to perform a
minimal physical examination.
Table 1: Basic physiological parameters
Species Temperature Heart Rate Respiratory
(Beats/Minute) Rate
(Breaths/
°F ± °C ± Average Range Minute)
1°F 0.5°C
Cattle 101.5 38.6 60-70 30
Goat 102.3 39.1 90 70-135 12-20
Pig 102.5 39.2 55-86 8-18
Sheep 102.3 39.1 75 60-120 19
Rabbit 103.1 39.5 205 123-304 39
Dog 102 38.9 100-130 22
Cat 101.5 38.6 120 110-140 26
Mithun 101 38.33 47 - 75 20 - 40

When conducting the physical examination, it should be

realized that some animals might have elevated heart rates and
respiratory rates just from being handled. Also, if the animals are
being housed in warm, humid environments, there could be some
variations. For example, the temperature for dairy cows may be
elevated to 102.5 °F on a summer afternoon when they are
experiencing heat stress.
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Signs and Symptoms of Ill Health
 Appearance of the animal: The healthy animal is alert and
aware of its surroundings. It is active and holds its head up
watching what is happening around it. It should stand on all
of its feet. The separation of an animal from the others in its
group is often a sign of a health problem. An animal which
is not interested in its surroundings and does not want to
move has health problems.
 Movement (gait): The healthy animal will walk easily and
steadily with all of its feet taking its weight. Steps should be
regular. Irregular movement results from pain in the limbs or
other neurological conditions. If we go near to the animal
that is lying down, it should stand up quickly otherwise it has
health problems.
 Behaviour: If a Mithun, cow or buffalo keeps looking at its
flanks or kicks at its belly it has a pain in the stomach.
 Appetite and rumination: The animal should eat and drink
normally. Withdrawal from eating is an obvious sign of ill
health. Pigs will naturally rush at their feed, if not then
something is wrong. Sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo and mithun
chew the cud (ruminate) for 6 to 8 hours every day normally.
If they cease to ruminate it indicates ill health.
 Eyes: The eyes should be bright and alert with no discharge
at the corners.
 Ears: Most animals have erect ears which move in the
direction of any sound. Ear movements will also be quick to
get rid of flies. An unusually high temperature in pig can be
checked by touching the ear.
 Nose and Muzzle: The nose should be clean with no
discharge. In mithun, cattle and buffalo the muzzle should
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 be moist. In sheep and goats the nose should be cool and dry.
Healthy animals frequently lick their nose with the tongue.
 Mouth: There should be no saliva dripping from the mouth.
If chewing is slow or incomplete there must be a problem
with the teeth.
 The coat: In short-haired animals, e.g. goat, mithun and
cattle, the hair or coat of the healthy animal will be smooth
and shiny. Healthy mithun, cattle and goat lick their coat and
their young ones. The presence of lick marks is indicative of
good health. In poultry the feathers should be smooth and
glossy and not ruffled. In pigs a curly tail is a sign of good
health while a scaly skin points to health problems.
 Breathing: Breathing should be smooth and regular at rest.
Hot weather and movement increases the rate of breathing.
If animal is standing, breathing rate can be counted by
observing the movement of the air at the nostril, chest or
flanks.
 Pulse: Taking the pulse is important when examining an
animal. Unlike human, in animals it is more difficult and
requires practice. In sheep and goats one can feel the pulse
on the inside of the top of the back leg. The pulse of mithun,
cattle and buffalo is taken at a point on the underside of the
base of the tail. The pulse can be felt with the first two
fingers of the hand. Remember that the pulse will be higher
in the young animal. In the pig there is no point at which the
pulse can be taken, hence the beat of the heart must be felt
by placing the hand on the chest.
 Droppings or dung: The droppings of the healthy animal
will be firm. Soft and loose droppings (diarrhoea) is a sign
of ill health. If the animal has difficulty in defecating
(constipation) this is also a sign of bad health. At times
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 blood, mucus or unusual colour of faeces indicates disease
conditions.
 Urine: The urine should be clear and the animal show no
signs of pain or difficulty in urinating. Horses, mules and
donkeys can have thick yellow urine which is normal.
 Milk: In the milch animals, sudden drop in milk production
can point to a health problem. Any sign of blood, pus or other
matter in the milk is indicative of udder infection. There
should be no swelling of the udder and no sign of pain when
it is touched.
 Body temperature: Deviation from the normal body
temperature points to ill health.
Procedure to detect body temperature of animals
 Restrain the animal.
 Move the tail to the side and hold with one hand.
 Put the thermometer gently into the anus as far as
possible from the side of the bulb.
 Hold the thermometer at an angle so that the bulb of
thermometer touches the wall of the rectum.
 Keep a firm grip on the thermometer, if the animal
defecates or coughs the thermometer could come out or
go into the rectum.
 Hold the thermometer in place for half a minute.
 Remove the thermometer and wipe with a tissue paper
or cotton read it.
 Do not touch the bulb as this could change the reading.

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 (A) (B)

(C) (D)
Method of observing rectal temperature in Cattle

Temperature recording in pigs

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 Common Health Issues with My Animals
Cattle, Buffaloes and Mithun
Many diseases are known to occur in Cattle, Buffaloes and
Mithun. A few of them causes death to these animals and results in
great monitory loss. Foot and Mouth disease in undoubtly the most
devastating disease of all known to occur in this region. Highly
contagious in nature, causes lesions similar to blisters on the tongue,
nose, mouth and toes of the animals. The disease does not normally
kill the livestock but creates painful ulcers after the blisters burst,
and can cause high fevers, weakened legs, and even the loss of the
ability to walk. Young ones often succumb to the disease.
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is another fatal disease. These
animals often have high fever, excessive salivation, nasal discharge,
and difficult breathing, apathy or restlessness and reluctance to
move. Swelling neck and brisket is sometimes seen. Black quarter
(BQ) and Anthrax is also known to occur, but sporadically.
External parasites like tick and internal parasites cause severe
anemia and loss of production.

(A)

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 (B)

(C)

(D)
Foot and Mouth Disease lesion in Cattle (A to D)

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Goat and Sheep
Goat and sheep also suffers from same diseases as Foot and
Mouth disease (FMD), Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), Black
quarter (BQ) and Anthrax with near similar symptoms.
Enterotoxaemia (overeating disease) is frequently severe disease
of sheep and goats of all ages. The animals may abruptly go off of
feed and become lethargic. Affected animals may show signs of
stomach pain, such as kicking at their belly, repeatedly laying down
and getting up, laying on their sides, panting, and crying out.
Diarrhea may develop and death commonly occurs within minutes
to hours after this sign is seen. Furthermore goats are susceptible to
tick and mange mite infestation. Gastrointestinal parasites cause
substantial loss in term of production.

Enterotoxaemia (overeating disease) in sheep

Pigs
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) or Hog cholera is the foremost killer
disease of pigs in North-east hill region. The disease causes high
mortality in young and adult pigs. The affected pig show high fever
(105-1080 F), reluctant to move and hurdles together. The pig show
inappetance or go off food. Nasal discharge, conjunctivitis and
glued eyelids are often noticed. The pig also finds difficulty in
respiration and coughing. Blotchy discoloration of the skin, cyanosis

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(bluish) in ear and red patches is seen over forelimbs of grower pigs.
Constipation followed by diarrhoea in infected pigs is observed. The
pregnant show will abort and deliver still birth or weak piglets.
Animal gradually shows lethargy, weakness of hindquarter and
paralysis and death. Ecto and endo parasites cause suppression of
immunity and substantial loss in term of production.

Depression, inappetence and diarrhoea due to CFS

High piglet mortality in CSF

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Poultry
Epidemics in poultry is rather common and causes
substantial loss to the village. Ranikhet disease being most
devastating that creates havoc, causing death of the chickens in
mass. The infected bird may show several signs including gasping,
coughing, depression, inappetence, tremor, dropping wings,
twisting of head and neck, paralysis, green watery diarrhoea and
misshapen and rough shell egg. At times death is sudden without
exhibiting any symptoms.

Depression and Resting on Hock with Diarrhoea due to RD

Fowl Pox is another important disease of chicken spread by
biting insect and causing lesion on comb, wattles and beak.
Sometimes lesions are also observed in mouth and throat that causes
difficult breathing and death.

Pock lesion on comb, wattle and beak

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 How I Can Protect My Animals?
Boosting their Immunity
Immunity is the ability to resist infection by an invading
pathogen. The body quickly launches an immune response and
prevents the symptoms of disease occurring. The immune system of
our body can detect and identify many different kinds of disease
agents. Examples are viruses, bacteria and parasites. We can boost
the immunity of these animals by

Hygienic housing
The common cause for spread of disease in livestock is
ascribed to improper sanitation. It is often noticed that the farmers
ignore the basic principal of hygiene and sanitation. Adopting
hygienic measure will not only minimize to the influences that
deteriorates health but also ensures production of good quality egg,
meat and milk and their byproducts. Proper cleaning and sanitation
will remove or kill the germs and eggs of parasites. Such measures
will not only enhance the productivity of the animal but also
prevents economic loss due to infections.

Proper nutrition
Balanced feeding is imperative to achieve optimal
reproductive efficiency, feed conversion, livability, and immune
response. Incorporating nutrient in specific and in appropriate
quantity and quality to the various ages and types of animal and
birds is very important. Farmers ought to know to blending available
ingredients into diets on a least cost basis.

Reducing stress
Our backyard animals experiences and live in varied
environmental condition. Summer heat and cold winter is stressful
for our livestock in the backyard. Warm or low temperature does not
typically cause death of the animals but certainly effect production
performance. There is lower conception in the breed stock, reduced
milk production in lactating animals, lowers egg production in

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laying birds and poor body weight gain in the birds and animals as
a consequence to reduced feed consumption.

Regular Deworming
Poultry and other livestock can be infected with worms like
roundworms, hookworms and tapeworms. These gastrointestinal
worms adversely affect the growth and other productive
performances. Majority of the livestock acquire intestinal worms
either prior or shortly after birth.

These gastrointestinal worm of livestock reduces the growth

and productivity in livestock. Anthelmintics medication are given to
expel parasitic worms. There is a large range of substances and
formulations which may be choosen to control the infestation.

Losses due to worm infestation

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Table 2: Deworming Program for Livestock and Poultry
Age 1st dose 2nd dose Remarks
Cattle, Mithun, buffaloes, goats
Young 1 or 2 3-4 months Against all worms
months until 1 year
Adult Twice a year particularly
Breeders in the month of March and
October or 2 weeks before
breeding
Pigs
Piglets Few days after weaning
(before vaccination)
Breeders Twice a year before breeding
and before giving birth
Chicken
Young 2 months Repeat after
2 weeks
Breeders Before onset of breeding
and laying period

Routine Vaccination
Vaccination helps to protect livestock from a number of
potentially serious and fatal diseases. Vaccines are the most
effective tool available to prepare an animal’s immune system to
respond to disease challenges. Body immunity can happen in two
ways – naturally or artificially. Naturally young one derives
antibodies from their mother, which protects them from various
diseases. Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a
vaccine.
Vaccines are biological preparations that provides active
acquired immunity against a particular disease. It contains the
disease-causing micro-organism that has been weakened or killed or
at times their toxins or surface protein. These are commercially
available and can be procured from pharmacies. However it is
imperative to maintain cold chain to assure the effectiveness and
potency of the vaccines.

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 Vaccination cost is considerably less than the treatments
available for the disease livestock are normally vaccinated against.
Animals should not have cold, fever, diarrhoea or any other disease
condition at the time of vaccination. Deworming is essential prior to
vaccination of your livestock.
Table 3: Vaccination schedule for Mithun, thotho and buffalo

Disease Vaccine Month Source

Foot and FMD February to State Vety. Dept. or
Mouth vaccine March any other reliable
disease source
HS and BQ HS and BQ February to State Vety. Dept. or
Vaccine March any other reliable
source
Anthrax Anthrax Spore May to June State Vety. Dept. or any
vaccine other reliable source

Table 4. Vaccination schedule for Pigs

Name of Age of vaccination Vaccine
the 1st 2nd Vaccine Annual available at
vaccine Vaccine Vac-
Swine fever Two Three cination
Repeat after State Vety.
vaccine month month each 6 Dept. or any
(Lap- inized (After one month other reli- able
or Cell month of interval source
Veterinary
cultured) irst vaccine)
Biological,
Animal Hus-
bandry and Vety
Deptt,
Khanapara,
Guwahati
IVRI, Izatnagar,
UP

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Table 5. Vaccination schedule for Goat

Months Vaccine Adult Goat Kids Remark

(above 6
months)
March Haemorrhagic 5 ml S/c 2.5 ml S/c Repeat
Septicaemia annually
May Entero 5 ml S/c 2.5 ml S/c
toxaemia
May F.M.D. 5 ml S/c 5 ml S/c
July Black Quarter 5 ml s/c 2.5 ml s/c
August F.M.D. 5 ml s/c 0.5 ml S/c Repeat at
6 month
interval
September Enterotoxaemia 5 ml S/c 2.5 ml S/c

Table 6. Vaccination schedule for dogs

Age Vaccine Remark

6- 8 weeks Primary vaccination against
Distemper, Hepatitis,
Leptospira, parvo,
Parainluenza, adenovirus
12th weeks Primary vaccination against
rabies
12-16 weeks Booster vaccination against Repeat annually
Distemper, Hepatitis,
Leptospira, parvo,
Parainluenza, adenovirus
16-18 weeks Booster vaccination against Repeat annually
rabies

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Table 7. Vaccination Schedule of Backyard Chicken

Age Vaccine Dose Route Source

Marek’s State Vety. Dept. or

1st day Disease 0.20 ml Subcutanious any other reliable
source
Ranikhet State Vety. Dept. or
7th day Disease One drop Eye drop any other reliable
(Lasota) source
Ranikhet State Vety. Dept. or
28th day Disease One drop Eye drop any other reliable
(Lasota) source
Ranikhet State Vety. Dept. or
70th Disease 0.50 ml IM inj. any other reliable
Day (R2B) source
6 to 10 State Vety. Dept. or
week Fowl pox 0.50 ml IM inj. any other reliable
source

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 Why to Maintain Health Records?

Record keeping is an important tool in livestock

management. Records help to follow up the performance of the
animals and helps in taking decisions based on the facts. It is a tool
that optimizes efficiency of management and enables to take timely
corrective measures.
Farmer knows a lot about their animals but keeping all in his
head is difficult. There are every chance that he may forget some
vital information like; the time of vaccination or deworming of the
stock or when his herd has suffered and what specific medication
was followed. So keeping written records helps to avoid loss of
useful information. Format of the records should be very simple and
readily understandable because simple records do not take much
time to maintain and the advantages are numerous. Recording is
made easy if animals have some form of identification. Thus, record
keeping and animal identification are inseparable.
Advantages of Health Record Keeping
Health record keeping on the farm have following advantages:
1. Gives a history of what has happened to the animal for the
period during which it has been maintained.
2. Comparison of one year’s records with the next clearly
indicates the kind of diseases and aliment occurred and its
periodicity.
3. It helps in making decision for beforehand preparation
against specific diseases on the basis of periodicity.
4. Serve as an aid to managerial control so farmer can keep
track of events like; when animals were dewormed,
vaccinated, dipped, given any medicine; etc.
Types of Health Records
There are different types of records that can be kept. However, the
farmer should keep records of information relevant his need. There

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are three general categories of health records that essentially
required namely:
 Deworming Record: This record contains the information
regarding the date of deworming, type of deworming agent,
dose and next due date.
 Vaccination Record: This record contains the information
regarding the date of vaccination, name of vaccine and next
due date.
 Animal Disease/Ailment Record: This record contains the
information about the kind and type of ailment animal
suffered, major signs observed, treatment given, response
got and any specific remark.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Animal Name/No. ……..…….………………. DOB …..…………
Species …………………………. Breed .…………………………
Deworming Record of the animal
Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Date Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record of the animal

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Flock Strength. ……………… Species …………… Breed ……………
Deworming Record for Poultry
Date Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record for Poultry

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Flock Strength. ……………… Species …………… Breed ……………
Deworming Record for Poultry
Date Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record for Poultry

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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Flock Strength. ……………… Species …………… Breed ……………
Deworming Record for Poultry
Date Dewormer Dose Next due Signature of
Used Adminstered date Vet./
Paravet.

Vaccination Record for Poultry

Vaccination Name of the Next due Siganture of
date vaccine date Vet/ Paravet.

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 Animal Disease/Ailment Record

ID/ Date Major signs Suspected Treat- Response Rema

Name observed disease ment rks
given

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 Animal Disease/Ailment Record

ID/ Date Major signs Suspected Treat- Response Rema

Name observed disease ment rks
given

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 Poultry Disease/Ailment Record

ID/ Date Major signs Suspected Treat- Response Rema

Name observed disease ment rks
given

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Poultry Disease/Ailment Record

ID/ Date Major signs Suspected Treat- Response Rema

Name observed disease ment rks
given

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