3

RAINTREE BOULEVARD 2018
CHAPTER 1
ABOUT THE COMPANY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is India's largest engineering and construction conglomerate with
additional interests in electrical, electronics and IT. A strong customer-focus approach and
constant quest for top-class quality have enabled L&T to attain and sustain leadership over 6
decades.
EPC project business constitutes a critical part of the L&T's engineering core. L&T has integrated
its strengths in basic and detailed engineering, process technology, project management,
procurement, fabrication and erection, construction and commissioning, to offer single point
responsibility under stringent delivery schedules. Strategic alliances with world leaders enable
L&T to access technical know-how and execute process intensive, large scale Turnkey projects to
maintain its leadership position. L&T's international presence is on the rise, with a global spread of
over 30 offices and joint ventures with world leaders. Its large technology base and pool of
experienced personnel enable it to offer integrated services in world markets.
L&T enjoys a brand image in India and several countries offshore. With factories and offices
located all over the country and abroad, L&T operations are supplemented by a comprehensive
distribution network and nationwide ramification.
The Construction division of Larsen & Toubro Limited - is India's largest construction
organization. Many of the country's prized landmarks - its exquisite buildings, tallest structures,
largest industrial projects, longest flyover, and highest viaducts - have been built by ECC.
Leading-edge capabilities cover every discipline of construction: civil, mechanical, electrical and
instrumentation. As a division of L&T, ECC has the resources to execute projects of large
magnitude and technological complexity in any part of the world.
The business of ECC Division is organized in six business sectors which will primarily be
responsible for Technology Development, Business Development, International Tendering and
work as Investment Centre’s. ECC Division's headquarters in Chennai, India. In India, 7 Regional
Offices and over 250 project sites. In overseas it has offices in Gulf and other overseas locations.
CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 1

Business Sectors:
Buildings & Factories – ECC division
 Transportation Infrastructure
 Heavy Civil Infrastructure
 Power Transmission & Distribution
 Renewable Energy
 Water & Effluent Treatment
 Smart World & Communication
1.2 VISION
To achieve excellence in the field of Engineering, Procurement and Construction through world
class practice and standards in quality, Safety and Project Management.
Fig 1.1 vision of the company

1.3 Quality policy

At L&T, Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) is given the highest priority. The EHS policy
enunciated by the Corporate Management lays emphasis on Environment, Health and Safety
through a structured approach and well defined practices. Systems and procedures have been
established for implementing the requisites at all stages of construction and they are accredited to
the International standards of ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007.
Fig 1.2 Quality policy of the company

1.4 Projects in Bangalore
Whitefield Hospital Bangalore International Airport UB Towers
RMZ Galleria Cyber Park at Electronic City Taj,Bangalore
Fig 1.3 Projects in Bangalore

CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE PROJECT & DEPARTMENTS
2.1 Project details

 Name of the project : Rain tree Boulevard
 Client : L&T Realty
 Contractor : L&T Construction
 Architects : Thomas Associates
 Design Consultants: Cratis Designer Pvt. Ltd.
 Project location: Hebbal Bellary Rd, Near University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru,
Karnataka 560092
 Structural consultant : M/S STERLING
 Type of contract: Item rate
 Total duration of project: 33 months
 Start date: 11-07-2016
 Finish date: 30-03-2019
 Total number of phases: 3
 Total number of towers: 17
 Total number of flats: 1019
CONVERSION OF INDUSTRIAL LAND INTO RESIDENTIAL SITE
Total site area: 65 Acres
Total plot area: 25 acres
Height of the building: 45.75 m
2BHK area: 1320 sqft
3BHK area: 1645 - 1985 sqft
4 BHK area: 2479 - 2970 sqft
2.2 Project Overview

Raintree Boulevard is a part of a 65-acre mixed use development located in the serene locales of
Hebbal, Bengaluru. This residential oasis offers the luxuries of fine-living while being cradled in
the pristine lap of nature.

Raintree Boulevard, Hebbal at a glance
Situated on Bellary road, Raintree Boulevard provides excellent connectivity to the city via a 10
Lane Road (NH-7/AH43). Being in close vicinity to well-established social and civic infrastructure
including leading educational institutions, hospitals, ATM’s, banks, restaurants and the KIAL
Airport, makes Raintree Boulevard a perfect investment avenue.
Typical Site Plan
Fig 2.1 Master Layout plan

Fig2.2 Site logistic plan
2.3 PHASE DETAILS

 Start date: 11-07-2016
 Finish date: 30-03-2019
 Total built up area: 25 lakh sqft.
 Total number of towers: 17 towers [64 flats per tower]
 Total number of flats: 1019 Flats
 Includes a Club house: Area = 20000 sqft
 STP [Sewage treatment plant]: 1533 KL
Tower area
Total number of towers: 17
11 towers: 2 basement+ ground floor +15
6 towers: 2 basement+ ground floor +14
Non Tower Area
Parking area, Club house, DG room, Rainwater harvesting, Sewage Treatment Plant, Community
Hall, Garden, Cafeteria, Swimming pool, Library, Gymnasium, Play Area, Basket ball court.

Organization structure
Fig2.3 Organization structure
2.4 Departments at project site Raintree Boulevard

 Plant & Machinery
 EHS
 Quality
 Execution
 Store
 QS/Billing
 Planning
As a trainee, I was exposed to all mentioned departments within firm for 6 weeks.

2.5 EHS Department

Environment health and safety (EHS) is an umbrella term for the laws, rules, guidance and
processes designed to help protect employees, the public and the environment from harm. In the
workplace, the responsibilities for designing and implementing appropriate procedures is often
assigned to a specific department, often called the "EHS" department which is responsible for
environmental protection, occupational health and safety at work.
2.5.1 EHS organization flow chart:
Project Manager
EHS Manager
Administration in-
Consrtuction
charge and Owners P&M Site Engineer
Manager
Representatives
Fig 2.4 EHS flow chart
Objectives of EHS
 Safety of men at site
 For easy administrative methods
 Ensure complains with statutory and applicable requirements
 Prevent adverse environmental effects
 Conserve natural resources
 Minimize waste generation and environmental emissions
 Impart structural training and augment resources for effective EHS performances
 Encourage communication, consolidation with all stake holders

2.5.2 BOCW Act (1996&1998)

The buildings and other constructions workers (Regulation of employment and conditions of
service)
Objectives of BOCW Act
 To regulate employment and conditions of service

 To provide safety health and welfare measures
 To give building and construction workers social security
Applicability
Every establishment which employs or had employed ten or more workers directly or through a
contractor/subcontractor.
Responsibilities of Employer
 Employer shall not permit an employee to do anything not in accordance with generally
accepted principles of standard safe operating practices connected with building and another
construction works.
2.5.3 GENERAL EHS RULES & REGULATIONS
 All dangerous moving No workmen below 18 years & above 58years of age shall be engaged
for a job.
 All workmen shall be screened before engaging them on the job. Physical fitness of the person
to certain critical job like working at height or other dangerous locations to be ensured before
engaging the person on work. The final decision rests with the site management to reject any
person on the ground of physical fitness.
 Visitors can enter the site after AHS induction with a visitors pass. He should be provided
safety element and safety shoes, also he should accompanied with the responsible person of
that area.
 Smoking is strictly prohibited at work place.
 Sub-contractors shall ensure adequate super vision at work places. They shall ensure that all
persons working under them shall not create any hazard to self or to the coworkers.

 Nobody is allowed to enter the site wearing Safety helmet. Chin strap of safety helmet shall be
always on.
 No one is allowed to work at or more than 2m height without wearing full body harness &
anchoring lane yard of full body harness to firm support preferable at shoulder level.
 No one is allowed to enter into work place & work at site without adequate foot protection
(including female worker).
 Usage of eye protection equipment shall be ensured when workmen are engaged for grinding
chipping, welding & gas cutting. For other jobs, as & when site safety coordinator insist eye
protection has to be provided.
 All PPEs like shoes, helmet, full body harness etc. shall be arranged before starting the job as
per recommendation of the EHSO.
 Rigid barricading must be provided around the excavated pits, and barricading shall be
maintained till the backfilling is done. Safe approach is to be ensured into every excavation.
 Adequate illumination at workplace shall be ensured before starting the job at night.
 parts of portable /fixed machinery being used shall be adequately guarded.
 Ladders being used at site shall be adequately secured at bottom & top. The ladder shall not be
used as work platform.
 Erection zone & dismantling zone shall be barricaded & nobody will be allowed to stand under
the suspended loads.
 Horse play is completely prohibited at work place. Running at site is completely prohibited
except in case of emergency.
 Materials shall not be thrown from the height .proper arrangement of debris chute can be
installed.
 Other than the electrician possessing be licensed with red helmet, no one is allowed to carry
out electrical connection, repairs on electrical equipment or other job related thereto.
 Inserting of bear wires for tapping the power from electrical sockets is completely prohibited.
 All major, minor accidents near misses & unhygienic conditions must be reported.
 Good housekeeping to be maintained.
 Debris, scrap & other materials to be cleared, then & there from the work place, at time of
closing of work every day.
 Contractors shall ensure all their workmen’s are following safe practices.

 All the unsafe conditions, unsafe act identified by the contractors, reported by site supervisor to
be corrected on priority basis.
 Visitors must use safety helmet before entering the site.
 Safety signs & notices must be displayed & followed.
 No person must operate any mechanical or electrical equipment’s unless they have been
authorized & been certificated as competent.
 Nobody should or sleep on floorages.
 Don’t take shelter under the vehicle.
 Must be aware of location of the first aid center, fire extinguisher, emergency assembly point
& emergency siren.
 Female workers should not be engaged on work between 7pm to 8am.
 Environment poster shall be displayed at site as n when required, depending upon activities in
progress.
 Safety signs and notices must be displayed and followed.
 No smoking sign boards shall be kept at flammable and combustible material storage places.
2.5.4 TARGETS
1. TRAINING
 EHS induction to all the workmen before deploying them to any job.
 “CONSTRUCTION SAFETY” training to all engineers and staff.
2. EHS RISK ASSESMENT AND SAFE WORKING METHODS
 Preparation of EHS risk assessment & safe work methods before commencing the
activities and its implementation.
 Identifying the hazards and environmental aspects, and facilitate appropriate preventive
measures.
3. MOTIVATION
 Encouraging and monitoring employees/workmen to contribute to the EHS efforts and
also group of members for their camp room keeping neat and clean.
 Measuring, evaluating and documenting the EHS performance and striving for
continual improvement.

 Facilitate to comply with all applicable legal legislations.

 Facilitating necessary resources, personal protective equipment and other safety
devices.
4. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND RESOURCES
 Vehicle emission control.
 Usage of sodium vapor/metal halide lamps for street light instead of halogen.
 Usage of CFL lamps at offices instead of tube lights.
5. HEALTH
 Health monitoring for food handlers.
 Health monitoring for welders, drivers and grit blasters.
6. ENVIRONMENT
 Air quality monitoring.
 Reduction of wastage of bilk materials through MIS reporting.
 Providing impermeable flooring for flammable liquid storage shed with collection pit.
 Demarcated areas with display boards for dumping waste and debris.
 No untreated effluents shall be discharged to water bodies directly.
 Encouraging use of energy efficient installations such as using sodium vapor lamps for
street lighting instead of halogen lamps, using CFL lamps at offices instead of tube
lights.
 Installation of debris chutes at buildings which are three stories or more.
7.INJURIES
 First Aid injury – Workers come back at the same day to work.
 Lost time injury [LTI] – Workers doesn’t return after 48 hours.
 Fatal injury – If a worker dies, Project manager registers a complaint Near miss– No one is
injured, but incident occurred.
8.MEASURES
 Morning pet talks by Engineers at assembly points.

 Newly appointed workers are :

o Issued with fitness certificate.

o Safety inductions are given – Do’s / Don’ts.
o PPE – Personal protective equipment’s are issued.
9. PPE – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT’S

PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to serious workplace, injuries and illnesses.
PPE may include:
 Gloves
• Cotton gloves – Reinforcement Works
• Rubber / Latex gloves – Concreting works
• Leather gloves – Welding works
 Safety helmets
• Color Indication :
Table 2.1 Color indication for helmets
Color To be used by
WHITE Staff
GREEN EHS Dept
PURPLE Visitors
RED Electrician
BLUE Sub-Contractors and their supervisors/

DEPT supervisor
YELLOW Workmen
ORANGE New workmen
ORANGE ( With ‘L’ sticker) Fresh construction worker (learner)

 Reflective glasses
 Safety shoes
 Air plugs / muffs
 Nose mask
 Gum boots – Concreting specific.
 Safety belts
 Full Body harness [ Must for workers working over a height of 1.8m]
2.5.5 SAFETY MAN HOURS:

A man-hour, or less commonly person-hour, is the amount of work performed by the average
workers in the hour. It is used in written “estimates” for estimation of the total amount of
uninterrupted labor required to perform a task. The safety man hour is a unit of production equal to
the work that can be produced by labor in an hour safely.
In L&T RTB, the safety hours have reached more than 64 lakhs as of in the month July 2018.
Fig 2.5 Safe Man Hours

2.6 Quality Department

The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability
to satisfy stated or implied needs(ISO 8402-1986)
2.6.1 Quality Control (QC)
• The standard(s) to which the construction or assembly of a building component
has been incorporated into the projects.
• Quality control is concerned with the operational activities and techniques that
are used to fulfil the requirements of quality.
• The quality control process includes the activities which ensure a high-quality
product. These activities focus on identifying defects in the actual product
being produced.
• Quality control functions start once the project work has begun. Quality control
is a reactive approach and helps you find defects in deliverables.
2.6.2 Quality Assurance (QA)
 Quality assurance is a process based approach whose prime objective is to prevent
defects in deliverables in the planning process itself to avoid the rework, which costs a
lot.
 Quality assurance is a proactive process, and it starts at the very beginning of the project
to understand the product’s stated and non-stated requirements and expectations, and
then develops the plan to meet these requirements and expectations.
 Quality audit is an example of a quality assurance process. Other examples of quality
assurance are training, process definition, selection of tools, etc.
The Benefits of Quality Assurance and Quality Control
 Gives you high quality output
 It increases the efficiency of operations
 It brings customer satisfaction, which affects your brand and helps It you grow your
business.
 If your product is of good quality, you will not need much rework and there will not be
much after-sale support required. This will help you save a lot of money.

The mentioned tests are done as per the frequency-
Table 2.2 Testing frequency of construction materials
Sl Title Test location Frequency of test IS Codes
1 Coarse aggregate(CA) /Fine aggregate(FA)
1.1 Specific Gravity (CA/FA) Site lab
1.2 Every 50 m³
Sieve analysis Of aggregate Site lab received-CA &
(CA/FA) 100 m³
received- FA.
1.3 Aggregate crushing value & Site lab Every fortnight

impact value (CA) one test IS 2720
conducted in
1.4 Flakiness/Elongation Site lab site lab
index(CA)
1.5 Test for organic Third party Selection of

impurities(FA) source/change
of source.
2. Cement
2.1 Fineness of cement

Third party IS 4031 &
2.2 Standard consistency testing for
Manufacture test every 1000MT IS 3535
2.3 Setting time certificate or site lab
2.4 Compressive strength test & Third party
2.5 Soundness
3 Water Third party Every 6 months IS 456

once
4
Reinforcement steel

4.1 Rolling margin Site lab 3 sample for

each lot
4.2 Tensile test, Elongation, Bend Manufacturer test Third party test IS
& Rebend test Certificate or test for every 50MT 1786:2008
report from third
party
4.3 Chemical analysis Third party While change of

source
5 Concrete
5.1 Mix design Outside lab/Site lab Third party for IS

all grades 10262:2009
(initially).
In site lab-
change in brand
of cement
5.2 Slump/flow test Site First 5 transit IS: 1199&

mixer initially
after randomly
IS 516
5.3 Compressive strength Site lab Qty of concrete

m³ & no of
sample
1-5 m³ =3, 6-15 m³ = 6, 16-30 m³ = 9, 31-50 m³ = 12 & 51 & above = 12 + 6 sample for each
50m³ concrete

2.6.3TESTS CONDUCTED
CEMENT
 Consistency Test
Table 2.3 consistency test
NAME RANGE ACCURACY
Vicat apparatus Should be made as per _

IS:5513
Balance 1000g 1g
Measuring cylinder 100ml 1ml
Standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which will permit a Vicat
plunger having 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length to penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm from top of
the mould.
 Initial Setting time:Initial setting time is that time period between the time water is added
to cement and time at which 1 mm square section needle fails to penetrate the cement paste,
placed in the Vicat’s mould 5 mm to 7 mm from the bottom of the mould.
 Final setting time:Final setting time is that time period between the time water is added to
cement and the time at which 1 mm needle makes an impression on the paste in the mould
but 5 mm attachment does not make any impression.
Table 2.4 Initial And Final setting Test
NAME RANGE ACCURACY
Vicat apparatus Should be made as per _

IS:5513
Balance 1000 g 1g
Measuring cylinder 100 ml 1 ml
Stop watch 30 min 0.2 Sec

 Fineness test:Fineness of cement is measured by sieving it on standard sieve. The

proportion of cement of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified mesh size is thus
determined.
Table 2.5 Fineness Test
NAME RANGE ACCURACY
Sieve 90 micron mesh _
Balance 10g (max) 10 G
 Compressive strength test: Compressive strength of cement is determined by compressive

strength test on mortar cubes compacted by means of a standard vibration machine.
Standard sand (IS: 650) is used for the preparation of cement mortar. The specimen is in
the form of cubes 70.6mm*70.6mm*70.6mm.
Table 2.6 compressive strength test
NAME RANGE ACCURACY
Cube mould 70.6*70.6*70.6mm3 _

(IS:10080)
Vibration Should be as per IS:10080 _
Balance 1000 g 1g
Measuring 200 ml 1 ml
cylinder
AGGREGATES
 Sieve Analysis
Sieve analysis helps to determine the particle size distribution of the coarse and fine
aggregates. This is done by sieving the aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963.
 Moisture content test

Determination of water quantity contained within the material.

 Water absorption test
This test helps to determine the water absorption of coarse aggregates as per IS:
2386 (Part III) – 1963.
 Elongation index
Elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose
greatest dimension (length) is greater than one and four-fifth times their mean
dimension. It is measured on particles passing through mesh size of 63mm and
retained on mesh size of 6.3mm.
 Impact value test
This test is done to determine the aggregate impact value of coarse aggregates as
per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963.
 Flakiness index test
For determination of flakiness index of coarse aggregate, where the size of the
coarse aggregate are larger than 6.3mm. IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963 – Method of test
for aggregates for concrete (Part I) Particle size and shape.
 Crushing value test
This test helps to determine the aggregate crushing value of coarse aggregates as
per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963. The apparatus used is Cylindrical measure and
plunger, Compression testing machine, IS Sieves of sizes – 12.5mm, 10mm and
2.36mm
 Bulk density test
Bulk density of aggregates is the mass of aggregates required to fill the container of
a unit volume after aggregates are batched based on volume.
CONCRETE
 Slump cone test

The concrete slump test is an empirical test that measures the workability of fresh
concrete. More specifically, it measures the consistency of the concrete in that
specific batch. This test is performed to check the consistency of freshly made
concrete.
 Concrete cube test

 By this single test one judge that whether Concreting has been done properly or not.
For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15 cm X 15 cm X 15 cm or
10cm X 10 cm x 10 cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used
 This concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly so as not to have any
voids. After 24 hours these moulds are removed and test specimens are put in water
for curing.
 These specimens are tested by compression testing machine after 7 days [4 sets]
curing or 28 [4 sets] days curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of
140 kg/cm2 per minute till the Specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area
of specimen gives the compressive strength of concrete.
GGBFS [GRAVELED GRANULAR BALLAST FURNACE SLAG]
 Fineness test
Fineness of GGBFS is measured by sieving it on standard sieve. The proportion of
GGBFS of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified mesh size is thus
determined.
COMPRESSION TEST RESULTS OF M30 GRADE CONCRETE MOULD
Table 2.7 compressive test results

No. of Weight(kg) Peak load(KN) Peak stress (M Pa)
Days
3 8.380 748 33.25
7 8.32 744.3 33.08
28 8.230 1068.2 47.47

2.7 PLANT AND MACHINERY (P&M) DEPARTMENT

The Plant and Machinery (P&M) department at Site is associated for performance and
maintenance of various construction equipment’s – heavy / medium or light, supply of temporary
power connections at required locations, etc.
It is common that we find a wide variety of construction equipments on every construction sites,
which make the construction jobs easy, safe and quicker.
The few equipments which are used in construction sites are
 Batching Plant (CP-30) -1
 Wheel Loader (L&T-9000) -1
 Concrete Pump (SP-1800) -2
 Air Compressor (DT 300-100) -1
 Truck Mounted Crane (HYVA) -1
 250 KVA DG (CUMMINS) -1
 Tower Crane (MCI-175 B) -3
 Skid Steer Loader (HEMAN) -2
 250 KVA DG (Cater Aller) -1
 Truck Mounted Crane - 1
 Roller (L&T Case) -1
2.7.1 BATCHING PLANT

A batching plant, also known as a batch plant or concrete plant or a concrete batching plant,
is equipment that combines various ingredients to form concrete. Some of these inputs include
water, air, admixtures, sand, aggregate (rocks, gravel, etc.), fly ash, silica fume, slag, and cement.
BATCHING PLANT DETAILS
 Batching plant type/ No. : CP30

 Batching plant make : Schwing Stetter
 Brand / Type / Grade of cement :Ultra tech , Zuari , Dalmia , Bharathi Cement / OPC / 53
Grade
 Source of GGBFS : JSW

 Type / Source of Fine aggregate : Crushed sand [±4.75mm] / Soolivara Quarry

 Type / Source of Coarse aggregate : Crushed rock [±12.5mm- ±20mm] / Soolivara Quarry
 Number / Capacity of Silos : 3 [ #1: Cement , #2: GGBFS , #3: Cement]/ 100 Tonne
capacity
 Computer Aided control Assist provided by : Siemens
 Batching Plant Capacity :
• Ideal Conditions : 30m3 per hour
• Precast Concrete : 21m3 per hour[M30 M60 ] [due to Higher cement content
resulting to increased mixing time]
• Screed Concrete : 28m3 per hour[M20-M30]
• The plant prepares 0.5m3 per Batch in 1-1.5 minutes
• Produces about 400m3 of Concrete per day.
 RMC from the batching plant must be placed within 3 Hours of Manufacture.
 Transit Mixer:
Number of Transit mixers: 6 Nos. Capacity : 6m3
Fig 2.6 Batching Plant

2.7.2TOWER CRANES
Tower cranes are a form of balance that consists of some basic parts fixed to the ground on the
concrete slab. The crane gives best combination of height, lifting capacity and is used in
construction of tall buildings.
 Principle: balancing of masses
 Operation: hoisting, trolley, swinging.
 Number of tower cranes: 3
 Time required for erection: 3 days
 Types of tower crane: Traveler track [Travelling type], Fixed track [Counter Ballast type] –
Italian and German design
PARTS OF TOWER CRANE
 Support tower [ Mast]
 Slewing unit – Engine that helps to rotate
 Operator’s cabin – Operating controls
 Jib – Operating arm – 2 Types : Longer Horizontal Jib : Shorter Counter Jib – Total length
: 70m - @ Site 40-50m
 Hook – Connecting material
 Radius of tower crane : 45m
 Assembled using Telescopic Crane – Mantling / dis mantling
 Foundation details are provided by manufacture of tower crane
 Capacity: Tower crane has a capacity of - 10T for minimum radius – 2.5T for maximum
radius.
 Efficiency of Tower crane is 80% of total design capacity.
 Distance between hook and jib -1.5m
 Distance between ground & hook -1.5m (To prevent twisting of rope)
 Synchronizing motor is used for erection: 14-40 rpm
2.7.3 CONCRETE BOOM PLACERS
The concrete pump is attached to the truck also known as trailer mounted boom concrete pump
because it uses a remote control articulating robotic arm called as boom placer to place the
concrete accurately. It is used in large construction projects because they are capable of pumping
at very high volumes and labour saving nature of placing boom.

 Number of concrete boom placers : 1

 Used to place the concrete in Higher elevation
 Capacity : 90cm3 per hour
 Efficiency : 70% - 80%
 Transit mixers load the boom placers with fresh concrete from the batching plant.
2.7.4 EXCAVATORS
Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, Stick, bucket and cab on a
rotating platform known as house. All the movements and functions of hydraulic excavator are
accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motors.
They are commonly known as diggers.
 Excavators are used in digging of trenches, holes and foundations.
 Excavator used at site : PC200
 Capacity : 0.93m3 per bucket
 Using pc 200, 8-9 buckets/ trip can be dumped in a earth movers/dumpers/tripper
o Depends on condition of road and tripper
o If road condition is good : 7-9 buckets/trip
o Road condition is bad : 6 buckets/trip
 At site: 4 trippers [capacity 3 trips/hour].
2.7.5 TRANSIT MIXER
They are designed to transport and mix the concrete up to the construction site. It maintains the
concreting material in plastic state through agitation until delivery. The drum interior is fitted with
a spiral blade, in one rotational direction the concrete is pushed deeper into the drum. This is the
direction the drum is rotated while the concrete is being transported to the building site. When the
drum rotates in the opposite direction, Archimedes screw-type arrangement it discharges the
concrete out of the drum.
 Number of Transit mixers: 6 Nos.
Capacity : 6m3
2.8 Formwork
Formwork is a die or a mould including all supporting structures, used to shape and support the
concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight. It should be capable of carrying

all imposed dead and live loads apart from its own weight.
INTRODUCTION TO FORMWORK
 Formwork has been in use since the beginning of concrete construction.
 New materials such as steel, plastics and fiberglass are used in formwork.
 greater attention is being given to the design, fabrication, erection and dismantling of
formwork
DEFENITION:
 As a structure,
 Temporary which is designed to contain fresh fluid concrete
 Form it into the required shape and dimensions.
 Support it until it cures sufficiently to become self-supporting.
 The term ‘formwork’ includes the actual material contact with the concrete, known as form
face, and all the necessary associated supporting structure.
REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD FORMWORK SYSTEM
 How formwork can be erected and de-shuttered fast.
 How good concrete quality and surface finish can be achieved.
 What is the optimum stock of formwork required for the size of work force, the specified
time schedule and flow of materials.
 What is the overall cost savings that can be achieved using the right type of formwork.
 How SAFETY can be improved for the site personnel
In order to successfully carry out its function, formwork must achieve a

balance of following requirements:
 Containment: formwork must be capable of shaping and supporting the fluid concrete
until it cures.
 Strength: formwork must be capable of safely withstanding without distortion or danger
the dead weight of the fluid concrete is placed on it, labour weight, equipment weight and
any environmental loadings.
 Resistance To Leakage: all joints in form work must be either close fitting of covered
with form tape to make them grout tight. If grout leakage occurs the concrete Will leak at
that point. Leakages cause honeycombing of the surface.

 Accuracy: formwork must be accurately set out so that the resulting concrete product is in
a right place and is of correct shape and dimensions.
 Ease of handling: form panels and units should be designed so that their maximum size
does not exceed that which can be easily handled by hand or mechanical means. In addition
all formwork must also be designed and constructed to include facilities for adjustments,
leveling, easing and striking without damage to the form work or concrete.
 Finish and reuse potential: the form face material must be selected to be capable of
consistently imparting the desired concrete finish (smooth, textured, featured or exposed
aggregate etc.) At the same time it should also achieve the required number of reuse.
 Access for concrete: any formwork arrangement must be provide access for placing of the
concrete. The extent of this provision will be dependent on the ease of carrying out the
concrete operations.
 Economy: all the formwork is very expensive. On average about 35% of the total cost of
any finished concrete unit or element can be attributed to its formwork; of this just over
40% can be taken for material for formwork and 60% for labour. The formwork designer
must therefore not only consider the maximum number of times that any form can be
reused, but also produce a design that will minimize the time taken for erection and
striking.
FORMWORK BASED ON MATERIAL
Formwork can be made out of a large variety of materials.

 The material most commonly being used to date is timber. However, due to the depleting
forest reserves and increasing cost of timber the use of alternate materials such as plywood
and steel has become prominent.
 More recently, materials such as plastics and fiberglass are also being used for pre-
fabricating formwork.
 The type of material to be used depends on the nature of construction as well
as availability and cost of material.
 The constraints on the project such as overall cost, time of completion also play a major
role in the use of a particular material for formwork.

2.8.1TIMBER FORMS
Timber is required for practically all jobs of formwork. The timber bring used for
formwork must satisfy the following requirements:
 It should be durable and treatable
 It should have sufficient strength characteristics
 It should be light weight and well-seasoned without warping,
 It should hold nails well.
Advantages of using timber forms:
 It is economical for small construction jobs
 It is design flexible and easy to erect
 It has good thermal insulation which makes it useful to be used in colder Regions
 It can easily be made into any shape or size
Plywood forms (in combination with timber)
 Concrete shuttering plywood is bwp grade plywood, preservative treated and specially
suited for use in concrete shuttering and formwork.
 The plywood is built up of odd number of layers with grain of adjacent layers
perpendicular to each other.
 Plywood is used extensively for formwork for concrete, especially for sheathing, decking
and form linings.
 There are two types of plywood - internal and exterior.
 The interior type is bonded with water resistant glue and exterior type is bonded with water
proof glue.
Hardboard forms
 Hardboard is a board material manufactured of wood fiber, which is then refined or partly
refined to form a panel having a density range of approximately 50 to 80 pounds per cubic
foot.
 Hardboards are standard / non-tempered or tempered.
 The tempered one being used for formwork. Tempered hardboard is solid or perforated
hardboard panels impregnated with resin under high pressure to make them stronger and
more resistant to moisture and abrasion.

 The boards available in large sheets have a hard, smooth surface that produces a concrete
whose surface is relatively free of blemishes and joint marks.
 The thin sheets can be bent to small radii, which is an advantage when casting concrete
members with curved surfaces.
2.8.2 ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
 Forms made from aluminum are in many respects similar to those made of steel.
 However, because of their lower density, aluminum forms are lighter than steel forms, and
this is their primary advantage when compared to steel.
 As the strength of aluminum in handling, tension and compression is less than the strength
of steel, it is necessary to use large sections.
 The formwork turns out to be economical if large numbers of reuses are made in
construction.
 The major disadvantage of aluminum forms is that no changes can be made once the
formwork is fabricated.
Advantage:
 Speed - Can achieve floor to floor cycle time as minimum as 4 -5 days.
 Durability - Long life being non corrosive in nature, can perform upto 250 repetitions max.
With proper maintenance & refurbishment.
 High Labor Productivity - Very light weight, easy manual handling, basically single type of
panel joints, no tower crane dependency.
 Quality - Excellent concrete surface finish, enables elimination of plastering thereby saving
project duration and cost.
 High salvage value.
Disadvantages:
 Initial high investment.
 Compares very poorly on modifications, against brick work constructions.
 Fear of theft of valuable Aluminum Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not being complete at
critical stages of construction.
 Mass Housing projects are not as high for investing in large number of Aluminum
Formwork

2.8.3 STEEL FORMWORK:

Mostly used in large construction projects or in situations where large number of re-uses of
the same shuttering is possible. Suitable for circular or curved shaped structures such as tanks,
columns, chimneys etc for structures like sewer tunnel and retaining wall.
Advantages of steel formwork over timber form:
 Strong, durable & have longer life
 Reuses can be assumed to vary from 100 to 120 wares timber varies from 10 to 12.
 Steel can be installed & dismantled with greater ease & speed resulting in saving in labour
cost.
 Excellent quality of exposed concrete surface obtained. Thus saving in the cost of finishing
the conc. surface.
 No danger of formwork absorbing water from the conc. & hence minimizing
honeycombing
CONSTRUCTION OF FORMWORK:
 Propping and centering: The props used for centering may be of steel, timber post or
bellies. Pillars made up of brick masonry in mud mortar are also sometimes used as
props.
 Shuttering: can be made up of timber planks or it may be in the form of panel unit made
either by fixing ply wood to timber frames or by welding steel plates to angle
framing
 Provision of camber: Certain amount of deflection in structure is unavoidable. It is
therefore desirable to give an upward camber in the horizontal member of conc. Structure
to counteract the effect of deflection.
 Surface treatment: Before laying concrete. The formwork should be cleaned of all rubbish
particularly the sawdust savings & chippings etc. Before laying conc. the face of formwork
in contact with conc. shall be cleaned & treated with release agent like raw linseed oil or
soft soap solution as to prevent the conc. getting struck to the formwork.
 Order and method of removing formwork: Shuttering forming vertical faces of walls,
beams & column sides should be removed first. Shuttering forming sofit to slab should be

removed next. Shuttering forming soffit to beams, girders or other heavily loaded member
should be removed in the end.
DURATION TAKEN FOR REMOVAL OF FORMWORK
 WALLS COLUMNS & VERTICAL SIDES
OF BEAMS 1-2 DAYS
 SLABS 3 DAYS
 BEAM SOFFIT 7 DAYS
 REMOVAL OF PROPS TO SLABS
A) SLAB SPANNINIG UPTO 4.5M 7 DAYS
B) SLAB SPANNINIG OVER 4.5M 14 DAYS
 REMOVAL OF PROPS TO BEAMS
AND ARCHES
A) SPANNING UPTO 6 MTS 14 DAYS
B) SPANNING OVER 6 MTS 21 DAYS
2.8.4 TYPES OF FORMWORK
There are different types of formwork available for different purposes. Generally, the formworks
for vertical concreting are called wall forms and those for horizontal concreting are called slab or
floor forms. The various types of formwork available today in the market are discussed in detail.
 TRADITIONAL FORMWORK
 CLIMBING FORMWORK
 SLIDING FORMWORK OR SLIPFORMWORK
 PERMANENT FORMWORK
 SPECIAL FORMWORK
 TABLE FORMWORK
 GANGED PANEL FORMWORK
 TUNNEL FORMWORK

2.9 Planning Department

Management is the science and art of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of
organization members and of using all available organization resources to reach stated
organizational goals.
Construction management deals with economical consumption of the resources available in the
least possible time for successful completion of construction project. ‘Men’, ‘materials’,
‘machinery’ and ‘money’ are termed as resources in construction Management.
Objectives of Construction Management:
The main objectives of construction management are,
 Completing the work within estimated budget and specified time.
 Maintaining a reputation for high quality workmanship
 Taking sound decisions and delegation of authority
 Developing an organization that works as a team.
Functions of Construction Management:
The functions of construction Management are
(a) Planning
(b) Scheduling
(c) Organizing
(d) Staffing
(e) Directing
(f) Controlling
(g) Coordinating
(a) Planning in Construction Management:
It is the process of selecting a particular method and the order of work to be adopted for a project
from all the possible ways and sequences in which it could be done. It essentially covers the
aspects of ‘What to do’ and ‘How to do it’.

Fig2.7 Project Planning
Definition of Planning
Deciding the unique time duration to complete the project within the cost (Budget) and with
quality. Listing out the activities which is involving in the project and finding the best sequence for
those activities. Fixing the mile stones. Finding the likely dates for the activities.
Process of Planning:
 Studying the Project Scope Lines clearly
 Understanding the Project Scope and basic requirements
 Listing out the Scopes & individual Activities with Proper sequence
 Calculating the Time duration for activities
 Finding out the project requirement sources & availabilities
 Making the Project Schedule Program with Planning Tool (Software)
2.9.1 Importance of construction project planning:
 Planning helps to minimize the cost by optimum utilization of available resources.
 Planning reduces irrational approaches, duplication of works and inter
departmental conflicts.
 Planning encourages innovation and creativity among the construction managers.
 Planning imparts competitive strength to the enterprise.
 Scheduling in Construction Management:
Scheduling is the fitting of the final work plan to a time scale. It shows the duration and order of
various construction activities. It deals with the aspect of ‘when to do it’. Importance of

construction project scheduling:

Scheduling of the programming, planning and construction process is a vital tool in both the daily
management and reporting of the project progress.
 Organizing:
Organizing is concerned with decision of the total construction work into manageable
departments/sections and systematically managing various operations by delegating specific
tasks to individuals.
 Staffing:
Staffing is the provision of right people to each section / department created for successful
completion of a construction project.
 Directing:
It is concerned with training sub ordinates to carryout assigned tasks, supervising their work
and guiding their efforts. It also involves motivating staff to achieve desired results.
 Controlling:
It involves a constant review of the work plan to check on actual achievements and to
discover and rectify deviation through appropriate corrective measures.
 Coordinating:
It involves bringing together and coordinating the work of various departments and sections
so as to have good communication. It is necessary for each section to aware of its role and the
assistance to be expected from others.
Importance of construction management
 Construction management practices invariably lead to “maximum production at least
cost”. A good construction management, results in completion of a construction project
within the stipulated budget.
 Construction management provides importance for optimum utilization of resources. In
other words, it results in completion of a construction project with judicious use of
available resources.
 Construction management provides necessary leadership, motivates employees to
complete the difficult tasks well in time and extracts potential talents of its employees.
 Construction management is beneficial to society as the effective and efficient management
of construction projects will avoid, escalation of costs, time overrun, wastage of resources,

unlawful exploitation of labor and pollution of environment.

 Significant roles of planning department is in making
 Daily Progress Report
 Monthly Target
 Cost Budgeting
Managing a project typically includes
 Identifying requirement.
 Addressing the various needs, concerns, and expectations of the
stakeholders as the project is planned and carried out,
 Balancing the competing project constraints including, but not limited to:
 Scope,
 Quality,
 Schedule,
 Budget,
 Resource, and
 Risk
Fig 2.8 Project management triangle
 The project management triangle is used by managers to analyze or understand the

difficulties that may arise due to implementing and executing a project. All projects
irrespective of their size will have many constraints.

 Although there are many such project constraints, these should not be barriers for
successful project execution and for the effective decision making.
 Time
A project's activities can either take shorter or longer amount of time to complete.
Completion of tasks depends on a number of factors such as the number of people working on
the project, experience, skills etc.
Time is a crucial factor which is uncontrollable. On the other hand, failure to meet the
deadlines in a project can create adverse effects. Most often, the main reason for
organizations to fail in terms of time is due to lack of resources & poor coordination.
 Cost
It's imperative for both the project manager and the organization to have an estimated
cost when undertaking a project. Budgets will ensure that project is developed or
implemented below a certain cost.
Sometimes, project managers have to allocate additional resources in order to meet
the deadlines with a penalty of additional project costs.
 Scope
Scope looks at the outcome of the project undertaken. This consists of a list of
deliverables which need to be addressed by the project team.
A successful project manager will know to manage both the scope of the project and
any change in scope which impacts time and cost.
 Quality
Quality is not a part of the project management triangle, but it is the ultimate
objective of every delivery. Hence, the project management triangle represents implies
quality.
Many project managers are under the notion that 'high quality comes with high cost', which to
some extent is true. By using low quality resources to accomplish project deadlines does not
ensure success of the overall project.
Like with the scope, quality will also be an important deliverable for the project

Fig 2.9 Sequence of work in execution of aluminum form work
The sequence of work in execution of aluminum formwork is shown in the Fig 3.03
1. Survey coordinates marking- Survey coordinates are the points at the edges of rooms where
panels are perpendicular to each other, thus survey coordinates are marked with offset distance
including wall thickness from external edge.
2. Red oxide line - Red oxide line indicates the internal wall panel’s alignment, thus marked for
reference while fixing internal wall panels
3. Ply Sheet Fixing- Ply wood pieces are fixed adjacent to red oxide line for maintaining perfect
wall thickness between the aluminium panels ,thus used for arresting panel movement while
pouring of concrete.
Fig2.10 Applying of De shuttering Oil

4. Wall reinforcement, beam reinforcement - According to reinforcement details provided in

plan reinforcement is placed using steel gauge wires.
Fig 2.11 Tying of Wall Reinforcement
Fig 2.12 Tying of Slab Reinforcement
5. Electrical conducting - An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical
wiring in a building or structure. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or
fired clay. Most conduits is rigid, but flexible conduit is used for some purposes. Electrical
conduits are done according to MEP drawings and the below Fig 3.07 shows the laying of
electrical conduits.
Fig2.12a Electrical Conduits

6.Reinforcement & Conduit Checking

7.Internal wall panel fixing
8.External wall panel fixing
9.Slab shuttering
10.Slab reinforcement
11.Slab checking - Slab checking involves
I. Line and level checking, wall verticality and horizontal line
II. Internal room dimensions
III. Door and windows opening
IV. Rebar- (spacing, no of bars, cover)
13.Cleaning & Concreting Involves
V. Vibrator- Using Needle vibrator
VI. Malting- (Rubber hammer)
VII. External wall water jet cleaning
VIII. Slab level finishing
Fig 2.13 Aluminum Wall and Slab Concreting

Slab leveling:
The slab leveling is most needed in construction works. Slab leveling should be done properly if
not the ups and downs on slab forms which makes tiling process. The first required level of the
ground should be known with respective to the sea level (required level of ground Is different for
different cities and it is fixed). The required level of the floor can be known by adding 3.050mts.
through we get RL of the required floor. The slab leveling can be done by taking some points and
checking their levels according to RL. It should be same all over the slab and change in levels of
5mm to 10 mm is not taken into account.
Reinforcement check
The reinforcement bar is also known as Rebar. These are used because concrete is very strong in
compression and weak in tension to balance the tension rebar is used because they have high
strength in tension.
14.CONCRETING:
Fig 2.14 Concreting

The concreting or placing concrete, the main objective in placing is to deposit the concrete as close
as possible its final position as quickly and efficiently as you can, so that segregation is avoided
and it can be fully compacted.
15.Curing
Fig2.15Water Curing
2.10 Yards
2.10.1 Reinforcement yard:
The cost reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures will contribute 15% to 25% of cost of
contract value of a project; hence there is a need to control on all activities related to reinforcement
of steel. Thus the activities that are to be controlled are the planning, indenting, ordering,
procurement, inventory management, storage, utilization, measurement, reconciliation etc.
Fig 2.16 reinforcement yard

Infrastructure:
 Location the reinforcement yard at suitable location keeping logistics in view.

 Provide centralized reinforcement yard.
 Provide separate yards for storage and for cutting and bending.
 Provide separate yard for scrap storage.
 Fence all yards.
 Keep only one entry and exit with security in each yard.
 Plan the internal roads in the yard with proper drainage facility.
 Plan and locate cutting and bending machine suitably.
 Maintain documents either in soft/hard from for entry and exit for vehicles with registration
number of vehicle.
 Install electronic weigh bridge of required capacity inside the yard.
 Put Out tags/ identification boards with diameter, weight, batch etc.
Storage and issue:
 Stock reinforcement on elevated pedestals of minimum 150 mm above ground level cover
with PVC sheets.
 Issue reinforcement on FISRT-IN-FIRST-OUT BASIS to minimize oxidation loss.
 Keep record of all steel issued from storage yard to cutting and bending yard.
 In case of theft lodge FIR and register claim with insurance company.
Preparation of BBS and the cutting of steal accordingly:
• Prepare bar bending schedule from approved, latest revised drawings and check for
error/inconsistencies and take approval from consultant/client.
• Plan and check for fix ability and sequence of fixing.
• Plan intelligent cutting from full length bars by preparing cutting length.
• Cutting length shall be worked out after considering bend effect.
• Check the bent shapes for dimensional accuracy against full scale template and get approval from
client.
• Keep painted specimen bars for comparison with production.
• Use cut pieces for ancillary works and record consumption.

Fig 2.17 Bar Bending Schedule

2.10.2Form work yard:
Fig 2.18 Formwork Yard
On every construction site there is provision for storing and maintaining the formwork
components.
In the form work yard, the components are kept separately such that the distinction can be done in
a much efficient way.
The form boards which have nails pointing outwards should be kept facing the ground.
The tags should be put up regarding the component.

2.10.3 Carpentry yard:
Fig 2.19 Carpentry Yard
In the carpentry yard all the carpentry works are carried out which includes the cutting of wooden
planks, door frames and window frames, etc.
The identity information of the workers has to be put up in the carpentry yard.
Fig 2.20 Identification of carpentry work man

CHAPTER 3
FINISHING WORKS
3.1 WATER-PROOFING
3.1.1 TERRACE AREA
TOOLS:
 Drilling machine
 Angle grinder
 Wire brush
 Coating brush
 Nose mask
 Hand gloves
 Safety glasses
MATERIAL:
 Brush bond RFX
 Nito bond SBR
 Conplast X421
 Cebex 100
 Cement motor (1:4)
 GP2
PROCEDURE:
 Surface preparation using wire brush is done.
 Coving of 150mmX150mm all around between panels to the terrace area.
 Rain water pipes are provided as per drawing, proper packing of area around the pipes.
 Roof is ponded for 50mm depth of water- 48 hrs.
 Major porosity is found, pressure grouting is done with Cebex 100 using grouting grill at
10 psi(pound-force per sq. inch)
 Surface is dampened thoroughly, it is ensured that there is no free water.
 The slopes of ridge lines are made towards the down take pipes.
 Two Coats of Brush bond RFX is applied up to 300mm in the parapet wall from floor.

 Leakages are to be checked and verified.
 CM 1:4 at min 25mm protective layer is provided to floor to receive brick bat coba.
 Brick bat coba are laid as per specification in a staggered manner with proper gradient as
per GFC drawing and surface finish is done, curing is carried out
 Protective screed of 18-20mm thick with CM 1:4 admixed with conplast X421 is provided.
Surface finish is done & ponding water test for water proofed surface for stipulated period
3.1.2 TOILET
 Surface to be water proofed is properly cleaned.
 Silicone sealant (Winsil 20/Thioflex 600/Equivalent approved) is given around PVC pipe
embedded in POD slab.
 Junctions of the walls-Slab in POD are coved up to 75mm depth.
 Water ponding test of 50mm depth for 24 hrs.
 Leakages are deducted, if leakage is found- pressure grouting is done with Cebex 100.
 Using brush bond, 45 GSM Geo-fabric in wall-Slab junction & around PVC is given.
 Two coats of Brush bond RFX up to 300mm above FFL is provided.
 CLSM(controlled low strength material) filling is done as per approved mix design.
3.1.3 KITCHEN
 Surface to be water proofed is properly cleaned.
 Junctions of the walls-Slab in sunken slab are coved up to 75mm depth.
 Leakages are deducted, if leakage is found- pressure grouting is done with Cebex 100.
 Using brush bond, 45 GSM Geo-fabric in wall-Slab junction & around PVC is given.
 Two coats of Brush bond RFX up to 300mm above FFL is provided.
 CLSM filling is done as per approved mix design.

3.2 PAINTING – INTERNAL WALLS

 Clearance for door and windows fixing, Electrical conduits is checked.
 First coat of putty is applied evenly, followed by second coat after specific time duration.
 Waviness is checked.
 The following is the sequence of painting :
 Surface preparation- Grinding operation
 Putty application – 2mm thick
 Surface evenness
 Primer application
 Paint [ 1st Coat]
 Paint [2nd Coat]
PAINTING – EXTERNAL WALLS

 External wall joint water tightness is checked.
 External joint grooves is checked for uniformity.
 Surface preparation.
 Putty application
 1st coat -Putty applied evenly as per specifications
 Followed by a 2nd coat of putty after specific duration
 Surface evenness is checked.
 Primer coating is applied followed by application of paint.
3.3TILING
STAGE 1
 Visual inspection- Free from cracks, Crazing spots, Chipped edge, Corners and shade.
 Thickness of 2mm spaces maintained.
 MEP clearance.
 Surface preparation [ Cleaning / Wetting / Mopping / Level pad]
 Base surface to be levelled / sloped as per drawing.
 Tiles are laid out as per drawing

STAGE 2
 Level button marks are provided.
 Cement mortar 1:6 is spread to required thickness, proper levelling / Slope as per drawing.
 Neat cement slurry of honey-like consistency over the cement mortar is spread.
 Tiles are fixed on mortar surface one after the other by gently tapping each.
 Joints are made with equal widths and straight with proper direction of arrows.
 If spaces are provided, Equal thickness and straightness are checked.
 Joints are cleaned to a depth of 2-3mm with wire brush or trowel before cement is set.
 Curing is done for 2-3 days at joints.
 Joints are filled with approved cementious grout, matching to the tiles.
STAGE 3
1. Slope / Level is checked.
2. Surface cleaning.
3. If hollowness is detected, based on depth of hollowness – Appropriate grouting is done or
tile is replaced.
4. Protective layer is laid over the tiles.
3.4 IPS FLOORING
 MATERIAL
 OPC cement
 M sand
 Stone aggregates of 10mm and down size
 Water
 TOOLS
 Mason trowel
 Wire brush
 Straight edge
 Power floater
 Power troweller
 MS channel / angle

 PROCEDURE
 Clean the surface and remove all lose material, debris and foreign matters.
 IPS or granolithic flooring top level with reference to permanent benchmark are marked in
the working area, column / wall with some reference point.
 Levels are transferred to MS channel or angle top level
 MS channel or angle are fixed at 3m as per floor specifications to line and level.
 The gap between floor and channel are to be sealed by using cement.
 IPS flooring of thickness 50mm and M30 screed concrete is poured, concrete are laid in
panels.
 Concrete is poured between already laid MS channel or angle, Concrete is poured to the top
level of MS channel or angle to ensure the thickness of 50mm.
 Concrete placement is done at staring end and continued in horizontal manner.
 Initially concrete is vibrated using 50mm needle vibrator especially in panel edges.
 Finishing is done after the concrete achieves initial setting time.
 Concrete is level manually by straight edge, float and top level is approved as per GFC
drawings.
 Floating operation is done with floating disc over the levelled concrete surface which will
generate skid free finish, after floating operation trowelling is done.
 Trowelling blades are used to do trowelling operation in order to further improve the wear
resistance, minimize dusting and obtain smooth finish.
 Wear resistance is improved by repetitive operation of trowelling over the concrete surface.
 Concrete floor surface is cured continuously at least for 3 days.
GYPSUM BOARD FALSE CEILING
 MATERIALS
 Gypsum board [ 1219 X 1829 X 12.5 mm size]
 Self-tapping screws
 Jointing tape
 Rawl plug

 Jointing compound
 G.I Channels
 TOOLS
 Drilling machine
 Hammer driller
 Thread line
 Scaffolding system
 Measuring tape
 Tube level
 PROCEDURE
 Plaster / Painting for ceiling and walls is check before the commence of false ceiling work.
 Ceiling layout / level is checked for conflicts with related services
 False ceiling level and line is marked on the wall
 G.I perimeter channel of size 0.35mm thick , 27mm wide having two flanges of 20mm and
30mm respectively is fixed along with perimeter of ceiling using the screws 1200mm c/c.
 Suspending G.I intermediate channels of size 0.5mm thick , 45mm wide having two
flanges of 15mm each from the soffit at 600mm C/c with ceiling angle of 0.35mm thick ,
having two flanges 10mm and 25mm , G.I cleat to be fixed using fasteners , the height as
per the making.
 Fix the ceiling channel at 600mm c/c of size 0.5mm thick, 45mm wide having two flanges
of 15mm each.
 The location of service light fixtures, smoke detectors, Etc. is marked clearly on the
gypsum board before installation.
 Gypsum boards are placed and screwed in scattered manner gently into the grids and
line/level is checked.
 Tape fiber is provided between two boards.
 Joint filler compound is used to fill all joints to fill the gaps.
 Putty or paint is applied as per specifications.

CONCLUSIONS
 RAINTREE BOULEVARD is the project in India to employ the use of Aluminum formwork
at a large scale which is carried out by LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED.
 Using, Aluminum formwork there is an overall saving in cost, Labor employed and duration of
construction compared to the conventional method.
 Aluminum formwork concrete products arrive at the job site ready to install, which cuts down
the construction time and voids the need for Curing.
 Due the Monolithic design of the buildings effective utilization of formwork is achieved. The
formwork employed for preparing the shear walls are of aluminum with exact dimension in all
directions. These formwork are more durable and they can be used several times.
 The labor required in the sequencing, arranging and numbering formwork can easily be trained.
 Unique methodology is being adopted right from foundation (raft foundation), conventional
construction (basement and silt floor) and aluminum formwork methodology (15 typical floors
in every tower).
 Aluminum formwork reduces maintenance costs since it is exceptionally resistant to corrosion,
weathering and general wear and tear.
 Safety measures were adopted with strict and appropriate way with EHS measures.
 This Internship training has enhanced our practical knowledge, most importantly we are
oriented to construction scenario and its many challenges subtitles, the smooth functioning of
an organization depends to large extent on mutual cooperation among its different wings. we
are very sure that this training will be very use full in our future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Detailed project plan provided at L&T (Raintree Boulevard).
 BOCW act 27 of 1996.
 EHS plan.
 Official websites of L&T.
 Concrete Technology by M S Shetty.
 Google maps.
 IS 456:2000.
 IS 10262 :2009 concrete mix proportion and other code books.

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RAINTREE BOULEVARD 2018

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 1

Fig 1.1 vision of the company

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 2

1.3 Quality policy

Fig 1.2 Quality policy of the company

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 3

1.4 Projects in Bangalore

Whitefield Hospital Bangalore International Airport UB Towers

RMZ Galleria Cyber Park at Electronic City Taj,Bangalore

Fig 1.3 Projects in Bangalore

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 4

2.1 Project details

2.2 Project Overview

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 5

Raintree Boulevard, Hebbal at a glance

Typical Site Plan

Fig 2.1 Master Layout plan

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 6

Fig2.2 Site logistic plan

2.3 PHASE DETAILS

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 7

Fig2.3 Organization structure

2.4 Departments at project site Raintree Boulevard

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 8

2.5 EHS Department

Fig 2.4 EHS flow chart

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 9

2.5.2 BOCW Act (1996&1998)

 To regulate employment and conditions of service

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 10

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 11

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 12

 Facilitate to comply with all applicable legal legislations.

 Morning pet talks by Engineers at assembly points.

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 13

o Issued with fitness certificate.

9. PPE – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT’S

GREEN EHS Dept

BLUE Sub-Contractors and their supervisors/

ORANGE New workmen

ORANGE ( With ‘L’ sticker) Fresh construction worker (learner)

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 14

2.5.5 SAFETY MAN HOURS:

Fig 2.5 Safe Man Hours

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 15

2.6 Quality Department

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 16

The mentioned tests are done as per the frequency-

Table 2.2 Testing frequency of construction materials

Sl Title Test location Frequency of test IS Codes

1 Coarse aggregate(CA) /Fine aggregate(FA)

1.1 Specific Gravity (CA/FA) Site lab

1.3 Aggregate crushing value & Site lab Every fortnight

1.5 Test for organic Third party Selection of

2.1 Fineness of cement

3 Water Third party Every 6 months IS 456

CIVIL DEPT, NMIT Page 17

4.1 Rolling margin Site lab 3 sample for

4.3 Chemical analysis Third party While change of

5.1 Mix design Outside lab/Site lab Third party for IS

5.2 Slump/flow test Site First 5 transit IS: 1199&

5.3 Compressive strength Site lab Qty of concrete

Cube mould 70.670.670.6mm3 _