4/11/2017 Should I Be Setting Static IP Addresses On My Router?

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Should I Be Setting Static IP Addresses On My
Router?
By Jason Fitzpatrick on March 12th, 2014

Routers both modern and antiquated allow users to set static IP addresses for devices on the network, but what’s
the practical use of static IP addresses for a home user? Read on as we explore when you should, and shouldn’t,
assign a static IP.

Dear How‐To Geek,

After reading over your five things to do with a new router article, I
was poking around in the control panel of my router. One of the things
I found among all the settings is a table to set static IP addresses.
I’m pretty sure that section is self explanatory in as much as I get
that it allows you to give a computer a permanent IP address, but I
don’t really understand why? I’ve never used that section before and
everything on my home network seems to work fine. Should I be using
it? It’s obviously there for some reason, even if I’m not sure what
that reason is!

Sincerely,

IP Curious

DHCP versus Static IP Assignment

To help you understand the application of static IP addresses, let’s start with the setup you (and most readers for
that matter) have. The vasty majority of modern computer networks, including the little network in your home
controlled by your router, use DHCP (Dynamic Host Conᅔguration Protocol). DHCP is a protocol that automatically
assigns a new device an IP address from the pool of available IP addresses without any interaction from the user
or a system administrator. Let’s use an example to illustrate just how wonderful DHCP is and how easy it makes
all of our lives.

Imagine that a friend visits with their iPad. They want to get on your network and update some apps on the iPad.
Without DHCP, you would need to hop on a computer, log into your router’s admin panel, and manually assign an

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available address to your friend’s device, say 10.0.0.99. That address would be permanently assigned to your
friend’s iPad unless you went in later and manually released the address.

With DHCP, however, life is so much easier. Your friend visits, they want to jump on your network, so you give
them the Wi-Fi password to login and you’re done. As soon as the iPad connected to the router, the router’s DHCP
server checks the available list of IP addresses, and assigns an address with an expiration date built in. Your
friend’s iPad is given an address, connected to the network, and then when your friend leaves and is no longer
using the network that address will return to the pool for available addresses ready to be assigned to another
device.

All that happens behind the scenes and, assuming there isn’t a critical error in the router’s software, you’ll never
even need to pay attention to the DHCP process as it will be completely invisible to you. For most applications, like
adding mobile devices to your network, general computer use, video game consoles, etc., this is a more than
satisfactory arrangement and we should all be happy to have DHCP and not be burdened with the hassle of
manually managing our IP assignment tables.

When To Use Static IP Addresses

Although DHCP is really great and makes our lives easier, there are situations where using a manually assigned
static IP address is quite handy. Let’s look at a few situations where you would want to assign a static IP address in
order to illustrate the beneᅔts of doing so.

You need reliable name resolution on your network for computers that need to be consistently and
accurately found. Although networking protocols have advanced over the years, and the majority of the time
using a more abstract protocol like SMB (Server Message Block) to visit computers and shared folders on your
network using the familiar //oᅔcecomputer/shared_music/ style address works just ᅔne, for some applications it
falls apart. For example, when setting up media syncing on XBMC it’s necessary to use the IP address of your
media source instead of the SMB name.

Any time you rely on a computer or a piece of software to accurately and immediately locate another computer
on your network (as is the case with our XBMC example – the client devices need to ᅔnd the media server hosting
the material) with the least chance of error, assigning a static IP address is the way to go. Direct IP-based
resolution remains the most stable and error free method of communicating on a network.

You want to impose a human-friendly numbering scheme onto your network devices. For network
assignments like giving an address to your friend’s iPad or your laptop, you probably don’t care where in the
available address block the IP comes from because you don’t really need to know (or care). If you have devices on
your network that you regularly access using command line tools or other IP-oriented applications, it can be really
useful to assignment permanent addresses to those devices in a scheme that is friendly to the human memory.

For example, if left to its own devices our router would assign any available address to our three Raspberry Pi
XBMC units. Because we frequently tinker with those units and access them by their IP addresses, it made sense
to permanently assign addresses to them that would be logical and easy to remember:

The .90 unit is in the basement, the .91 unit is on the ᅔrst ᅔoor, and the .92 unit is on the second ᅔoor.

You have an application the expressly relies on IP addresses. Some applications will only allow you to supple an
IP address to refer to other computers on the network. In such cases it would be extremely annoying to have to
change the IP address in the application every time the IP address of the remote computer was changed in the
DHCP table. Assigning a permanent address to the remote computer prevents you from the hassle of frequently

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updating your applications. This is why it’s quite useful to assign any computer that functions as a server of any
sort to a permanent address.

Assigning Static IP Addresses the Smart Way

Before you just start assigning static IP addresses left and right, let’s go over some basic network hygiene tips that
will save you from a headache down the road.

First, check what the IP pool available on your router is. Your router will have a total pool and a pool speciᅔcally
reserved for DHCP assignments. The total pool available to home routers is typically 10.0.0.0 through
10.255.255.255 or 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 . Then, within those ranges a smaller pool is reserved for
the DHCP server, typically around 252 addresses in a range like 10.0.0.2 through 10.0.0.254. Once you know the
general pool, you should use the following rules to assign static IP addresses:

1. Never assign an address that ends in .0 or .255 as these addresses are typically reserved for network
protocols. This is the reason the example IP address pool above ends at .254.

2. Never assign an address to the very start of the IP pool, e.g. 10.0.0.1 as the start address is always reserved
for the router. Even if you’ve changed the IP address of your router for security purposes, we’d still suggest
against assigning a computer.

3. Never assign an address outside of the total available pool of private IP addresses. This means if your router’s
pool is 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 every IP you assign (keeping in mind the prior two rules) should fall
within that range. Given that there are nearly 17 million addresses in that pool, we’re sure you can ᅔnd one
you like.

Some people prefer to only use addresses outside of the DHCP range (e.g. they leave the 10.0.0.2 through
10.0.0.254 block completely untouched) but we don’t feel strongly enough about that to consider it an outright
rule. Given the improbability of a home user needing 252 device addresses simultaneously, it’s perfectly ᅔne to
assign a device to one of those addresses if you’d prefer to keep everything in, say, the 10.0.0.x block.

Have a pressing tech question? Shoot us an email at ask@howtogeek.com and we’ll do our best to answer it.

JOIN THE DISCUSSION (29 REPLIES)

Jason Fitzpatrick is a warranty-voiding DIYer who spends his days cracking Published 03/12/14
opening cases and wrestling with code so you don't have to. If it can be modded,
optimized, repurposed, or torn apart for fun he's interested (and probably
already at the workbench taking it apart). You can follow him on Twitter if you'd
like.

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