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1. Report Introduction
The data below was compiled from 23 students in the Statistics class who
each bought a 2.17 oz. bag of Skittles and recorded the number of each color from
the individual Skittle bags. We then used the recorded data of the Skittles bags and
applied it to various equations and concepts that have been taught throughout the
semester. Throughout the class we have learned to summarize data, calculate
probabilities and conduct confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. The goal of
this project is to demonstrate our knowledge of these key concepts.
Color # Proportion
Total 1360 1
According to the pie chart, there is very little variation with the number of skittles
per color. However, the Pareto chart shows that green skittles occur more frequently
than any other color, and orange occurs less often. The graphs do reflect what we
expected to see, because a single bag of skittles usually has around the same number
of colors, and these graphs show that the numbers are consistent throughout. There is
not a significant variation between the colors. The graph below shows a single bag, (in
red) compared to the entire sample (in orange). This is a great reflection of how each
bag of skittles varies on the number of colors within.
Mean: 59.1
Min: 53
Q1: 58
Median: 59
Q3: 61
Max: 64
4. Reflection
A confidence interval is a range of values that you can be (95,99% ect.) certain
contains the true mean or true proportion of the population.
Construct a 99% confidence interval estimate for the true proportion of yellow
candies.
p ̂=x/n=265/1360=0.195
p ̂±z_(α/2)*√((p ̂(1-p ̂ ))/n)=0.195±2.575*√(0.195(1-0.195)/1360)=0.195±0.028
(0.167,0.223)
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate for the true mean number of
candies per bag.
x ̅±z_(α/2)*σ/√n=59.1±1.96*2.53/√1360=59.1±0.134=(58.97,59.23)
Construct a 98% confidence interval estimate for the standard deviation of the
number of candies per bag.
Discuss and interpret the results of each of your three interval estimates. Include
neatly written and scanned copies of your work.
6. Hypothesis Tests
Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that 20% of all Skittles candies
are red.
Claim: p = 0.20
Null: p = 0.20
Alternative: p ≠ 0.20
P-value: 0.3897
Fail to reject null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that the
proportion of candies is not equal to 0.20.
Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the mean number of candies
in a bag of Skittles is 55.
Claim: μ = 55
Null: μ = 55
Alternative: μ ≠ 55
Reject null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that the mean number
of candies is not equal to 55.
We failed to reject the claim that 20% of the candies are red because there was
insufficient evidence suggesting that the proportion of red candies is not equal to
20%.
We rejected the hypothesis claiming that the mean number of candies in the bag is
55 because there is sufficient evidence suggesting the mean number of candies is
55.
7. Reflection
In conclusion, our data shows that the number of Skittles per bag is roughly
proportionate, as is the number of colors found in each bag. The mean number of
candies per bag was found to be 59.1, with the lowest number of candies per bag as
53 and the highest number of candies per bag as 64. The number of each color
varied greatly by bag, but when the data is compiled we see that the variation of
colors for sample size is proportionate, with green showing slightly higher numbers
than the rest.