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B
illions
of
dollars and
working
dayshave
been
expended
over the
past50 years
in the
cause
of the
 development
of countries
in Africa,
LatinAmerica,
Asia
and the Pacifi
c.
The alleviatio
nof poverty is
the primary
concern of
many,but not
all,
organisation
s working
in
 thedevelopm
ent sector.
Some,
notably
theinternatio
nal financial
institutions,
includingthe
IMF and the
World Bank,
have
focusedprima
rily on
promoting
economic
growthat
macro-level,
in the belief
that
increasingwe
alth at
national level
will, in the
medium-
term,
alleviate
poverty
throughout
entirepopulat
ions.
Grassroots
poverty
alleviationstr
ategies fit
into this
vision as
shorter-
termactivitie
s,
to
 complemen
t appropria
t e macro-
economic
policies. In
contrast,
somedevelop
ment
organisations
-
often NGOs
-
disbelieve
that wealth
will ever
trickledown
to women or
men in
poverty;
theysee
community
development
initiativesse
eking to
support
people in
poverty
as
part
of an
 alternative
development
approach.The
writers of the
articles here
examinethe
complex
links
between
poverty
andinequalit
y between
women and
men.
Theyshow
how gender
inequalities
impact
onmen,
women, and
children s
experiences
ofpoverty,
and
demonstrate
the
importanceof
integrating
gender
analysis into
everyaspect
of
 developmen
t initiatives.
Thearticles
cover
a
range
of
 issues includ
ingmacro-
level neo-
liberal
restructurin
g,poverty red
uction strateg
ies, gender
budgets,educ
ation,
HIV/AIDS,
and
globalisation
and poverty
in
 the North.
Together,
theygive new
insights into
the impacts
ofgender-
blind
development
policies
fromthe
macro-
to
the micro-
levels.
Genderequali
ty forms an
integral part
of develop-
ment, and
must be
mainstreame
d into
allpoverty
alleviation
programmes
and
development
initiatives.
Understan
ding
poverty
First,
how do w e
define pove
rty?Individu
als and
organisations
informed
bydifferent
understandin
gs
of
 development
have very
different
definitions
and under-
standings
of
 poverty.
Narrow defin
itionsfocus on
economic
want to a
greater
extentthan
broader
definitions,
and lead
to a
programme
of
action whic
h focuses
on
wealth
creation
without much
emphasis
onsocial
context.
Broader
definitions
emphasisethe
connections
between
economic
wantand
social
-
 and
sometimes
political
-
marginalisati
on or
exclusion.
This
exclusionis
seen as both
a
symptom
and
a
cause
ofeconomic
want.The
Oxford
Dictionary
of
Current Engl
ish (1995)
gives a broad
definition
verysimply:
poverty is
described as
want of
thenecessities
of life .
What the nece
ssities of
life
are actually
deemed to be
is obviously