A REPORT ON

STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Client: Mrs. Gita Joshi

Project: Residential Building
Site Location:
Project: Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building
Introduction:
Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a source of
disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic
activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.
In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there are number of
active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and hazardous. Also it lies in the
boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of the world i.e. Indian plate and Tibetan Plate. It is
also said that the Indian plate is moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which cause the slippage of the faults
causing the big earthquake. Thus Nepal is very vulnerable with respect to seismic activities.
Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes very severe
damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences about such destructive
earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S, 2045 B.S and the most recent on 2072 B.S are the recently known
ones.
Thus the seismic structural design of structures id found to be very essential for countries like Nepal. The
structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract, the internal forces induced due to the
earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should ensure the structure against stability,
strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.
However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they remain
elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes is low say one 75 years. Thus
it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure but not-collapsible
structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should ensure the structure against
stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.
Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.
Project Statement:
Building is Two and Half storied building developed having ground coverage of 575.87 Sq.Ft.
The site is located in seismic zone V on a site with medium soil and is designed for seismic loads as per
IS 1893(Part-I): 2002. The design loads other than earthquake loads are considered as IS 875 (part 1) –
1987 for unit weight of the building material and IS 875 (part 2) – 1987 for Imposed load.
1.General
1.1 Type of the Building is Residential Building
1.2 230 mm thick external brick wall and 110mm (4”) thick partition wall with 15 mm plaster on both sides
are considered for all floor.
1.3 All the slabs are supported by floor beams and behave as flanged beam section.
1.4 The main beam rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
1.5 The following Concrete Grades are used for the structural members
M20 – Column
M20 – Footing, Beam, slab and other structural elements
1.6 Steel Grades of Fe – 500 and Fe – 415 are used for longitudinal reinforcement and Shear
reinforcement respectively.
1.7 Columns and Beam of different sizes are used as follows,
1.8 The floors diaphragms are assumed to be semi-rigid.
1.9 Centre-line dimensions are assumed for analysis and design.
1.10Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
1.11 For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly larger
moment in columns. In practice a beam that fulfills requirement of flanged section in design, behaves in
between a rectangular and a flanged section for moment distribution.
1.12 Seismic loads are considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two principal
directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant.
2. Data of the Building
The Design data are as follow.
Live Load : 2 KN/m2 at all typical floor
: 1.5 KN/m2 at roof
Floor Finish : 1.2 KN/m2 at all typical floors
: 1.0 KN/m2 at roof
Location :
Earthquake Load : As per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002
Type of soil : Type II, Medium as per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002
Allowable bearing pressure : 150 KN/m2 (Assumed)
Type of Footing : Mat and Isolated Footing and Strap beam
Depth of Footing : 5’-0” (Concrete Grade-M20)
Story Height : All floor=9’-4”
Floors : two and Half
Walls : 230mm thick (1:6) brick masonry as external
wall
and 110 mm thick (1:4) brick masonry as
partition wall
Material Properties
Concrete
>M20 Grade: for footing, beam, slab, shear wall and other structural elements
Ec= 5000 √fck N/mm2 = 22360 N/mm2 = 22360 MN/m2
Steel
HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415 and Fe 500 and confirming to IS: 1786 is used throughout.
3. Geometry of the Building
The shape of the building is a rectangular
3.1 Story Number
Story numbers are given to the portion of the building between two successive grids of beams in Z-
direction. For the building, the story numbers and ID are defined as follow.
3.1.1 Story Data

Table 1.1 - Story Data

Height Elevation Master Splice
Name Similar To
mm mm Story Story
Story4 1016 6934.2 Yes None No
Story3 1041.4 5918.2 Yes None No
Story2 2438.4 4876.8 No Story3 No
Story1 2438.4 2438.4 No Story3 No
Base 0 0 No None No

1.2 Grid Data

Table 1.2 - Grid Lines

Grid Grid Bubble Ordinate
Grid ID Visible
System Direction Location m
G1 X A Yes End 0
G1 X B Yes End 2.921
G1 X C Yes End 6.0198
G1 X D Yes End 8.001
G1 Y 1 Yes Start 0
G1 Y 2 Yes Start 4.191
G1 Y 3 Yes Start 8.2296
3.2 Modeling
Since this is normal moment resisting frame structure, main components are to be modeled are: Beams,
Columns and Slab.
Figure 1: A three dimentional extended view of the building in ETABS 2016
4. Gravity load calculations
4.1 Unit Load Calculation
Sizes of structural member sections are:
Columns:
• Type-A (1’-0” X 1’-0”)
Main Beam:
• (0’-9” X 1’-2”)
Floor Slab Thickness: 5”
Staircase Slab Thickness: 5”
Self-weights of all structural members will be calculated and add by the analysis software itself. And, the
other dead weights (ie Wall Load, Partition wall Load, Finishing Loads) are calculated as per following;
Wall Load
Brick wall (230 mm thick) for floor other than Ground floor and First floor
=0.23 x 19(wall) + 2 x 0.015 x 20 (plaster)
= 4.97 KN/m2
=12.5 KN/m (opening sections are deducted while assigning wall load)
= 9.00 KN/m (deducting 30% opening sections)

Brick partition wall (110 mm thick)

=1 KN/m2

Finishing Load
on floors (50mm screeding and punning)
= (50/1000) x 24
= 1.20 KN/m2
on stair and lobby (50mm screeding and punning+19mm marble)
= (50/1000) x 24 + (19/1000)*27
= 1.71 KN/m2
Note: average finishing load of 1.5 kN/m2 is assigned on all floor slab and 1.0 kN/m2 extra load is
considered for staircase slab.
4.2 Slab Load Calculations
As self-weight of all structural members are calculated and add by analysis software itself, the live load,
floor finishing load and partition load is assigned as per following
Component
First FL. (ST#-01)
Second FL (ST#-02)
Loads (DL+LL) (DL+LL)
Live Load (0.0+2.0) (0.0+2.0)
Finishing Load
(1.5+0.0) (1.5+0.0)
Partition Load
(1.0+0.0) (1.0+0.0)
Total: (2.0+2.5) (2.0+2.5)
Seismic Analysis
The building model has been analyzed as per IS 1893(part-I): 2002 in the analysis software which will
automatically calculate the seismic forces.

4 Load Patterns
Table 4.1 - Load Patterns
Self
Name Type Weight Auto Load
Multiplier
Dead Dead 1
Live Live 0
Superimpose
WL 0
d Dead
Superimpose
PWL 0
d Dead
Superimpose
FF 0
d Dead
IS1893
EQx Seismic 0
2002
IS1893
EQy Seismic 0
2002

4.1 Table 2.1 - Material Properties - Summary

Unit
E
Name Type ν Weight Design Strengths
MPa
kN/m³
Fy=415 MPa, Fu=485
Fe 415 Rebar 200000 0 76.9729
MPa
Fy=500 MPa, Fu=545
Fe 500 Rebar 200000 0 76.9729
MPa
M20 Concrete 22360.68 0.2 24.9926 Fc=20 MPa

Table 2.2 - Frame Sections - Summary

Name Material Shape
Beam Concrete
M20
225*350 Rectangular
Column Concrete
M20
300*300 Rectangular
4.2 Auto Seismic Loading

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQX according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = X

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
X 0.267 1849.6286 199.7599
Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story4 6.9342 52.6502 0
Story3 5.9182 42.8595 0
Story2 4.8768 75.234 0
Story1 2.4384 29.0162 0
Base 0 0 0
IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQY according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Y

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
Y 0.217 1849.6286 199.7599
Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story4 6.9342 0 52.6502
Story3 5.9182 0 42.8595
Story2 4.8768 0 75.234
Story1 2.4384 0 29.0162
Base 0 0 0
5. Analysis By Space Frame
The space frame is modeled using standard structure analysis software. The gravity loads are taken as
per above calculations and design data considered, and the earthquake loads are taken in figure (as
shown above) as calculated by the analysis software. The basic load cases are shown in below, where X
and Y are lateral orthogonal directions.
6. Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the static analysis of the building as per IS 875-1987
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (+EQX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (-EQX)
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (+EQy)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (-EQy)
Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X, +Y and –y directions. Thus ±E above implies 4 cases,
and in all, 13 cases (as shown below) must be considered. Since large amount of data is difficult to
handle manually, all load combinations are analyzed using software. For design of various building
elements (beams or columns), the design data may be collected from computer output. For above load
combinations, analysis is performed and results of deflections in each story and forces in various
elements are obtained.
6.1Load combinations used for design
Various Load Combinations are done for critical conditions.
Load Combination Load Factor

1. Dead Load + Live Load 1.5

2. Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Static Load + X direction 1.2
3. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load - X direction 1.2
4. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load + Y direction 1.2
5. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load - Y direction 1.2
6. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load + X direction 1.5
7. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load - X direction 1.5
8. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load + Y direction 1.5
9. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load - Y direction 1.5
10. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load + X direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively
11. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load - X direction 0.9& 1.5 respectively
12.Dead Load +E/Q Static Load + Y direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively
13. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load - Y direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively
7. Design of Structural Elements with ETABS 2016 output.
The End moments and Shears at different location of selected structural elements for above mentioned
Load combination and load cases are obtained from computer analysis (ETABS 2016).
BEAMS
For the design of beams shear force and bending moments at three locations of each beams are
considered; at mid sections and at end of the member and both max +ve and –ve BM are considered for
each section. Hence we have six design BM and three SF values for each beam.
COLUMNS
Columns are designed for axial load and Bi-axial Bending Moments. Hence columns forces are sorted for
Max axial force and Moments in direction X and Y.
FOUNDATION
Isolated footing is designed at each of the ground floor column base using the reaction (output file of
ETABS 2016analysis) obtained from the 3-D structural modeling of the building.

Table :Story Drift

Load
X Y Z
Story Case/Comb Direction Drift Label
m m m
o
Story4 EQX X 0.000749 7 6.0198 0 6.9342
Story4 EQY Y 0.000754 5 8.001 4.191 6.9342
Story3 EQX X 0.000807 6 8.001 0 5.9182
Story3 EQY Y 0.000754 6 8.001 0 5.9182
Story2 EQX X 0.00089 2 2.921 8.2296 4.8768
Story2 EQY Y 0.000783 2 2.921 8.2296 4.8768
Story1 EQX X 0.000501 8 2.921 0 2.4384
Story1 EQY X 5.5E-05 5 8.001 4.191 2.4384
Story1 EQY Y 0.000156 6 8.001 0 2.4384
 Table :Joint Reaction

Load
Joint Unique FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
Story Case/Comb
Label Name kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
o
Story1 1 1 UDCon2 10.3533 -13.7135 188.3114 -18.3334 -5.7809 0.4424
Story1 2 2 UDCon2 4.9817 -7.7361 266.3681 -9.0006 4.2317 -0.0673
Story1 3 3 UDCon2 -5.6677 -5.2492 153.2055 -20.4831 14.5336 -0.6419
Base 4 12 UDCon2 -2.9628 -5.4331 435.3654 4.1777 -2.39 -0.0665
Base 5 13 UDCon2 -2.3479 -7.195 243.3825 5.7973 -1.7168 -0.1042
Base 6 16 UDCon2 -11.6077 29.4212 232.8824 -18.6737 -5.906 -0.4978
Base 7 15 UDCon2 0.6038 27.4739 300.8888 -18.3354 -1.197 0.3342
Base 8 14 UDCon2 -9.0354 17.241 375.5472 -13.8893 -7.2649 0.024
Base 9 11 UDCon2 -2.1791 -11.5141 522.2074 8.9904 -1.6939 0.0233
Base 10 55 UDCon2 6.999 2.4506 276.395 -1.9903 5.6488 -0.0722
Base 25 24 UDCon2 15.9745 -13.8872 16.0666 -2.244 -0.3332 1.0609
Base 26 39 UDCon2 0 0 0.4305 0.082 0.0297 0
Base 27 25 UDCon2 -5.1117 -11.8585 16.9533 -1.7735 0.1444 0.8267
FIGURES
 Beam Design
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B2 38 Beam 225*350 UDCon8 88.9 3098.8 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 15 25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-38.4828 3.1136 53.8968 2.9133

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-38.4828 4.6806 0 -43.1634

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
 Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -43.1634 310 0 310 174
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 155 0 0 155

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
74.7956 33.1819 60.5703 34.1072 492.79

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
3.1136 53.8968 198.6 325.6 356.3
 Column Design
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 C8 26 Column 300*300 UDCon8 0 2438.4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
122.4012 21.2852 -48.2857 2.448 2.448 1235 1.33

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.695363 2082.8 -19.3143 0 2.448
Minor Bend(M2) 0.715794 2082.8 -9.2399 0 2.448

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 38.9896 52.2569 30.3333 38.9896 337.85
Minor, Vu3 35.9733 52.2569 30.3333 35.9733 337.85
 Joint Shear Check/Design
Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 12.3 1299.1621 311.203 122.4012 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.854 304.8 4.752 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.854 304.8 4.891 12 No 0
 Moment 3-3

`
Shear force 2-2
Reaction
Footing Details:
12 dia bar both way 5” c/c
 Slab Sections

Slab Thickness 127 mm

Main bars (bottom): 8@150mm c/c
Main bars (top): 8@150mm c/c (x-dir)
8@150mm c/c (y-dir)
Dist. bars: 8@150mm c/c