Complementary Feeding Recipes for

Ethiopian Children 6-23 Months Old

A Practical Cooking and Feeding Guide

AUGUST 2006

Contains daily recipes for

Staple Group 1: maize/enset

Staple Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

Staple Group 3: maize/sorghum

Federal Democratic Republic

of Ethiopia
Ministry of Health
 This publication is supported by

This publication was developed by LINKAGES: Breastfeeding, LAM, Related

Complementary Feeding, and Maternal Nutrition Program, and was made possible through
funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provided
to the Academy for Educational Development (AED) under the terms of Cooperative
Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00007-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID or AED.
 Table of Contents
Page
Section I: Ethiopian Infant & Young Child Feeding Recommendations
A. Feeding infants 0-5 months old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
B. Feeding children 6-23 months old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
C. Responsive feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Section II: Complementary Feeding of Infants 6-11 months of age

A. Ethiopian Feeding Guidelines: infants 6-11 months . . . . . . . . . . . 6
B. Recipes for Three Staple Groups:
Group 1: maize and enset
Recipe 1: Bulla porridge enriched with milk, carrots and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Recipe 2: Maize porridge enriched with kidney beans,
tomato and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Recipe 3: Bulla porridge enriched with milk, tomato and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Recipe4: Mashed potato enriched with kale, carrot milk and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Recipe 5: Bulla and pea porridge enriched with pumpkin and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Recipe 6: Maize porridge enriched with milk, tomato and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Recipe 7: Mashed beef heart with potato, carrot, kale, egg
and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Recipe 8: Enjera with shiro, onion and tomato . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Group 2: teff, wheat and barley
Recipe 9: Teff porridge enriched with milk, carrot, tomato
and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Recipe 10: Wheat porridge enriched with milk, pumpkin
and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Recipe 11: Mashed potato porridge enriched with tomato,
milk and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Recipe 12: Barley porridge enriched with milk, pea/bean
flour, carrots and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Recipe 13: Enjera with shiro, onion, carrot and tomato . . . . 19
Recipe 14: Enjera with meat, potato, kale and oil/butter. . . . 20
Group 3: maize and sorghum
Recipe 15: Sorghum porridge enriched with tomato, carrot,
milk and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
 Recipe 16: Maize porridge enriched with pumpkin, milk and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Recipe 17: Sorghum porridge enriched with Tomato, carrot
and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Recipe 18: Mashed potato enriched with carrot, milk and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Recipe 19: Sorghum porridge enriched with pea flour, kale
and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Recipe 20: Maize porridge enriched with pumpkin, tomato
and oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Recipe 21: Potato porridge enriched with carrot, egg and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Section III: Complementary Feeding of Children 12-23 months of age

A. Ethiopian Feeding Guidelines: children 12-23 months . . . . . . . . . 29
B. Recipes for Three Staple Groups:
Group 1: maize and enset
Recipe 22: Enjera with kale, potato, egg and oil/butter,
with milk to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Recipe 23: Enjera with potato, carrot, kale and egg, with
milk to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Recipe 24: Bulla porridge enriched with kale, milk and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Recipe 25: Enjera with meat and kale, with milk to drink. . . 33
Group 2: teff, wheat and barley
Recipe 26: Teff porridge enriched with pea flour, carrot
milk and oil/butter, with milk to drink . . . . . . . . . 34
Recipe 27: Barley porridge enriched with kale, egg, milk and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Recipe 28: Enjera with lentile and carrot sauce, with milk
to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Group 3: maize and sorghum
Recipe 29: Sorghum porridge enriched with pea flour,
carrot and oil/butter, and milk to drink . . . . . . . 37
Recipe 30: Enjera with potato and carrots, with milk to
drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Recipe 31: Sorghum porridge enriched with kale, milk and
oil/butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Recipe 32: Enjera with meat and kale sauce, with milk to
drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
References

Annex 1: Key ‘Essential Nutrition Action’ Messages for Feeding Infants 0-5 months
Annex 2: Key ‘Essential Nutrition Action’ Messages for Feeding Children
6-23 months
Annex 3: Food Composition Table
Annex 4: Different types of cups used to measure quantities in different
localities
 Acknowledgments

This book focuses on ‘how to’ adequately feed young children 6-23 months
and was adopted from materials originally developed by Ethiopian Health and
Nutrition Research Institute, all of which are listed in the reference
section. We are grateful to have had this valuable technical background on
which to develop this present document.

We would like to give special thanks to Dr. Victoria Quinn, Dr. Agnes B.
Guyon Dr.Hana NekaTebeb and Ms Mulu G/medhin for their encouragement
in the preparation and production of this book on how to feed children 6-23
months of age in Ethiopia. Special thanks are also given to Aster Mekonen
for her help in the LINKAGES/Ethiopia kitchen during the testing of the
recipes. Appreciation is also extended to other members of the LINKAGES
team and colleagues from other organizations, foremost the Federal
Ministry of Health, for their input and support.

LINKAGES/Ethiopia

August 2006
Introduction
Studies show that malnutrition is a significant health problem for infants
and young children in Ethiopia. Though poverty is the underlining cause of
malnutrition, inadequate food security, sup-optimal infant caring practice
and limited access to water and sanitation services are also important causes
of child malnutrition. Improved child care and infant feeding practices are
important interventions for reducing infant and young child malnutrition.

The purpose of this book is to provide service providers with information

necessary for counseling mothers and child caretakers on how to feed their
children 6-23 months, specifically on aspects of complementary feeding in
addition to continued breastfeeding. Complementary feeding means giving
other foods in addition to breast milk starting when an infant is 6 months
old since at this time breastmilk alone is not sufficient to meet a growing
infant’s nutritional needs. Complementary foods are needed to fill the
calorie, protein and micronutrient gap between the total nutritional needs of
the child and the amount provided by breast milk.

The book contains simple nutritious complementary feeding recipes that can
be prepared from locally available foods for three major staple eating areas
of the country, including (1) maize/enset/teff, (2) wheat/barley, and (3)
sorghum/maize. The recipes have been developed to meet the changing
nutritional needs of children in two age groups, 6-11 months and 12-23
months, in terms of calories, consistency and thickness. It is assumed that
children are still receiving breast milk, thus the amounts and types of foods
have been determined to provide the additional nutrients needed from
complementary foods1. These amounts conform to the recommendations
contained in the internationally accepted Guiding Principles on the
Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child (PAHO 2002) as well as well
as take into account the adaptation of these principles by the Federal
Ministry of Health in Ethiopia (see Annex 2 for Ethiopia’s Essential
Nutrition Action Messages). Techniques for mothers and child caretakers
to more effectively feed children using a ‘responsive feeding approach’ are
also presented.

1
The recipes contained also assume that there will be about food losses during cooking.
Thus ingredient amounts have been adjusted upwards to account for expected losses and
provide the calories needed by a breastfed child from complementary foods, roughly 300
calories at 6-11 months of age and 550 calories at 12-23 months of age.
For all the recipes contained in this book, a commonly found measuring unit, a
70 ml ‘bunna’ coffee cup, was used. Using this type and size coffee cup
allows for standardization of recipes, nutrition messages and IEC tools.
Annex 4 shows some other cups occasionally used in certain localities in the
country. The equivalent number of 70 ml coffee cups is shown for each of
these other types of measuring cups so that appropriate conversions can be
made by service providers working in these localities of the country.
 Section I

Ethiopian Infant & Young Child Feeding

Recommendations

0 to 23 months

1
A. Ethiopian Feeding Guidelines: birth to 6 months

1
B. Ethiopian Feeding Guidelines: 6 to 23 months

1
 C. ENCOURAGING YOUR CHILD TO EAT
COMPLEMENTARY FOODS
“RESPONSIVE FEEDING”

Definition: Responsive feeding is a method a mother or child caretaker can

use to encourage the child to eat and to finish his/her meals.

Importance of responsive feeding:

When feeding him/herself, a child may not eat enough. He/she is easily
distracted. Therefore he/she needs help. When a child does not eat
enough, he/she will become malnourished.

• Let the child eat from his/her own plate (caregiver

then knows how much the child is eating)
• Sit down with the child and encourage him/her if
needed.
• Offer food the child can take and hold; the young
child often wants to feed him/herself. Encourage him/her to, but make
sure most of the food goes into his/her mouth.
• Mother/caregiver can use her fingers (after washing) to feed child.
• Feed the child as soon as he/she starts to get
hungry.
• The child should eat in his/her usual setting.
• As much as possible, the child should eat with
the family in order to create an atmosphere
promoting his/her psycho-affective
development.
• Do not insist if the child does not want to eat.
• If the child refuses to eat, wait or put it off
until later.
• Play with the child while he/she eats.
• Make sure the child is not thirsty (but do not give
him/her too much drink before or during meals).
• Congratulate the child when he/she eats.
• Parents, family members (older children), child caretakers can
participate in active feeding.

1
 Section II

Complementary Feeding

of Infants 6-11 months of age

The first part of this section presents a “field tool” for field workers to use with mothers to
counsel on the feeding of infants 6 to 11 months of age. This field tool emphasizes i.) continued
breastfeeding, ii.) types and amounts of complementary foods to give, as well as iii.) key practices
for the nutritional care of sick children. A complete list of all messages related to the
complementary feeding of infants 6-11 months of age is contained in Annex 2.

The second part of the section contains practical recipes based on locally available foods that
mothers can use to prepare nutritious meals for their infants. These recipes are based on the
assumption that infants are still being breastfed, and thus aim to provide the additional nutritional
requirements from complementary foods needed by breastfed infants in this age group. Recipes
are presented for each of the three major staple food eating groups. It is recognized that the
iron content of local foods and its bioavailability is limited, thus, iron supplements or foods
fortified with iron should be used whenever available.

** Encourage families to add meat each day to the following recipes when possible **

2
RECIPE 1: BULLA PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH MILK, CARROTS
AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of enriched bulla porridge fed over 2-3 feedings

• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Bulla flour just over 1/2 coffee cup 53 gram 104 0.5 5.3
Milk 1 full coffee cup 70 ml 52 2.4 0.7
Carrot 1 carrot 30 gram 9 0.2 0.2
Butter/oil 3 teaspoons 15 gram 134 0 0
Water 4 1/2 coffee cups 315 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0 0
salt
Lemon 1 medium size 15ml 7 0.1 0.
Banana 1 small size 35 gram 31 0.3 0.2
Total Amount 337 3.5 6.4
1. Mix the bulla flour with water and milk, add iodized salt and put on the fire.
2. Peel, boil and mash carrot.
3. To porridge, add mashed carrot and butter/oil and continue to cook well with
continuous stirring
4. Cool porridge, squeeze the lemon into it and mix
5. Feed the baby with spoon, using patience and encouragement.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Total preparation and cooking time: 25 minutes.

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel the banana.
2. Mash with spoon into clean cup.
3. Feed the baby with spoon.
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 2: MAIZE PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH KIDNEY BEANS,

TOMATO AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of enriched maize porridge fed over 2-3 feedings

• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Maize flour just over half a coffee 53 gram 198 4.8 3.8
cup

Butter/oil 1 ½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Kidney 1 ½ teaspoon 7 gram 19 0.7 0.3
beans
Tomato 1 tomato 30 gram 6 0.5 0.3
Water 5 ½ coffee cups 385 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0 0
salt
Ripe ½ medium sized 50 gram 55 0.8 0.8
avocado
Total Amount 341 6.8 5.2
1. Soak kidney beans overnight in water.
2. Boil beans in water, remove skin and mash.
3. Boil, peel off skin and chop tomato.
4. Mix maize flour into water, bring to boil and add iodized salt
5. Mix in tomato, butter/oil and mashed beans & stir until cooked properly.
6. Cool porridge and feed the baby with spoon using patience and encouragement.

Note: Whenever available use teff, barley, wheat or sorghum flour instead of
maize flour.

Cooked amount: 3 Coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 25 minutes.

Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash and peel the avocado.
2. Mashed it by clean spoon & cup.
3. Feed the baby with spoon.
5
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 3: BULLA PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH MILK, TOMATO AND

OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of bulla porridge enriched with milk, tomato and

oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe mango as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Bulla More than half coffee 53 gram 104 0.5 5.3
cup
Tomato 1 tomato 30 gram 9 0.5 0.3
Butter/oil 2 teaspoon 10 ml 90 0 0
Milk 1½ coffee cup 105ml 78 3.6 1.1
Lemon 1 medium size 15ml 7 0.1 0.1
Water 4 ½ coffee cups 315ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe mango ½ medium sized 50 gram 22 0.2 0.3
Total Amount 310 4.9 7.1

1. Mix bulla flour with water and milk, add iodized salt and put on the fire.
2. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
3 Add the tomato, butter/oil and stir it till properly cooked.
4. Allow to cool and squeeze the lemon on it & mix.
5. Feed baby with spoon using patience and encouragement.

Cooked amount: 3 Coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes.

Ripe mango for mekses

1. Wash and peel mango
2. Mashed it by clean spoon & cup.
3. Feed the baby with spoon

6
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 4: MASHED POTATO ENRICHED WITH KALE, CARROT,

MILK AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of mashed potato with kale, carrot, milk and oil/butter
fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 medium size potato 80 159 1.5 1.4
grams
Carrot 1 carrot 30 gram 9 0.2 0.2
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Milk (boiled More than one coffee cup 75ml 56 2.6 0.8
and cooled)
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Banana ½ medium sized 25 gram 22 0.2 0.1
Total Amount 327 5.6 4.1
1. Wash, chop and boil the kale.
2. Peel carrot and potato, wash, chop and boil.
3. When properly cooked, take the kale, carrot and potato off the fire and mash.
4. Mix the milk into the mashed potato, kale and carrot.
5. Add butter/oil and iodized salt and put the cooking pan on the fire.
6. Stir the mixed ingredients till properly heated.
7. Cool mashed mixture and feed baby with spoon using patience and
encouragement.

Cooked amount: 3 Coffee Cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 1 hour.

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel banana
2. Mashed in clean cup with spoon.
3. Feed the baby with spoon.

7
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 5: BULLA AND PEA PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH PUMPKIN

AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of bulla and pea porridge enriched with pumpkin and
oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Bulla flour More than half a coffee 55 gram 108 0.5 5.5
cup
Pea or 3 teaspoons 15 gram 53 3.0 2.1
beans flour
Pumpkin 1 slice 10 gram 4 0.1 0.2
Butter/oil 2 teaspoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Lemon 1 medium size 15ml 7 0.1 0.1
Water 5 coffee cups 350ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Avocado ½ medium sized 50 gram 55 0.8 0.9
Total Amount 317 4.5 8.8
1. Mix the bulla with the beans or pea flour.
2. Pour water into the mixed flour, add iodized salt and put on the fire.
3. Peel pumpkin, remove the seed and chop; then boil in water.
4. Once cooked, mash pumpkin well.
5. Add oil/butter to pumpkin, and cook with stirring.
6. Allow to cool and squeeze the lemon into mixture
7. Feed the baby with spoon, using patience and encouragement.

Note: Whenever available use 45 gram finely minced meat instead of pea flour.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes.

Avocado for mekses

1. Wash and peel avocado
2. Mashed with spoon in a clean cup.
3. Feed baby with spoon
8
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 6: MAIZE PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH MILK, TOMATO AND

OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of maize porridge enriched with milk, tomato and

oil/butter over 2-3 feedings
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Maize flour More than half coffee 55 gram 208 4.9 3.9
cup
Tomato 1 small size 20 gram 6 0.3 0.2
Milk More than half coffee 50ml 37 1.7 0.5
cup
Butter/oil 1 teaspoon 5 ml 45 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0 0
salt
Water 4 coffee cups 280ml 0 0 0
Banana 1 medium sized 50 gram 44 0.4 0.3
Total Amount 340 7.3 4.9

1. Mix the maize flour with water and milk & put it on the heat
2. Add iodized salt.
3. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
4. Add the tomato, butter or oil & stir until cooked properly.
5. Allow the porridge to cool and feed the baby with spoon with encouragement
and patience.

Note: If maize flour not available, then use teff, barley, wheat or sorghum flour.

Cooked amount : 3 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel the Banana
2. Mashed it in clean cup with spoon.
3. Feed the baby with spoon.

9
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 7: MASHED BEEF HEART WITH POTATO, CARROT, KALE,

EGG AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of mashed beef heart with potato, carrot, kale and egg
fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 small sized potato 50 gram 100 1.0 0.9
Carrot 1 small sized carrot 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Egg 1 small egg 35 gram 54 4.0 1.5
Heart of 2 teaspoons 10 gram 22 2.9 0.8
beef
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Butter/oil 2 teaspoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe papaya ¼ small size 60 gram 21 0.4 0.3
Total Amount 311 9.5 5.2

1. Chop beef heart into very small pieces and fry in oil.
2. Wash and chop the kale and add to heart.
3. Wash, peel, chop and boil carrots and potatoes in water.
4. Cook carrots and potatoes thoroughly, take off the fire and mash..
5. Add to beef heart mixture, mashing together well.
6. Beat egg and add to the mashed mixture.
7. Add iodized salt and continue to cook and stir.
8. Cool and feed baby with patience and encouragement using a spoon.

Cooked amount: = 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time = 1 hour and 15 minutes.

Ripe papaya for mekses

1. Wash papaya,, cut open and remove seeds.
2. Mash and feed baby with spoon.

10
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 8: ENJERA WITH SHIRO, ONION AND TOMATO

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of finely chopped enjera with shiro, onion and tomato
fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 orange as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the chopped enjera and shiro:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Roasted 1medium size table spoon 10 gram 35 2.0 1.4
pea flour
Onion ¼ onion 10 gram 7 0.1 0.1
Tomato 1 medium size 30 gram 9 0.4 0.3
Butter/oil 3 teaspoons 15 ml 134 0 0
Water 4 coffee cups 280 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
enjera 1/5 of one enjera 60 gram 95 2.6 5.9
Orange 1 big size 100gram 34 0.7 0.8
Total Amount 314 5.8 8.5
1 Chop and fry onion in oil.
2. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
3. Add the tomato to water and boil.
4. Add pea flour and iodized salt and cook by stirring.
5. When the shiro is properly cooked, add enjera and mix.
6. Allow to cool and feed with spoon using encouragement and patience.

Note: Whenever available, use 30 gram finely minced meat instead of pea flour.
Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time: 35 minutes.

Orange for mekses

1. Wash & peel off the orange.
2. Cut in to small pieces, remove the seeds & give to the child to eat.

11
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 9: TEFF PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH MILK, CARROT,

TOMATO AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of teff porridge enriched with milk, carrot, tomato

and oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
Gram kcal gram mg
Teff flour More half coffee cup 45 gram 161 4.1 67.5
Tomato 1 Tomato 30 gram 9 0.5 0.3
Carrot 1 small sized carrot 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Milk More one coffee cup 75 ml 56 2.6 0.8
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Water 4 ½ coffee cups 315 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe papaya ¼ Small size 50 gram 17 0.5 1.4
Total Amount 312 7.8 70.1
1. Mix the teff flour with milk and water, add iodized salt and put on the fire.
2. Peel, boil and mash carrot.
3. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
4. Add carrot, tomato, butter or oil to porridge and cook by continuously stirring.
5. Wait until mixture cools and feed the baby with spoon using encouragement
and patience

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 25 minutes

Ripe papaya for mekses

1. Wash, cut and remove the seeds of papaya.
2. Mash in a clean cup with spoon.
3. Feed the child with spoon.

15
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 10: WHEAT PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH MILK, PUMPKIN

AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of wheat porridge enriched with milk, pumpkin and

oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 orange as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Wheat More than half coffee 45 gram 164 5.0 1.8
flour cup
Pumpkin 1½ slice 15 gram 6 0.2 0.3
Milk Just over 1 coffee cup 75 ml 56 2.6 0.8
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Water 4 ½ coffee cups 315 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Orange 1 medium sized orange 50 gram 17 0.4 0.4

Total Amount 306 8.2 3.3

1. Mix the wheat flour with water and milk.
2. Heat and add iodized salt
3. Peel pumpkin, remove the seed, chop and boil in water.
4. When cooked, remove from heat, and mash pumpkin.
5. Add pumpkin and oil/butter to porridge and stir until cooked.
6. Allow the porridge to cool and feed the baby with spoon using encouragement
and patience.

Note: If wheat flour is not available use teff, barley, maize or sorghum flour
instead.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes

Orange for mekses

1. Wash and squeeze the orange
2. Feed the baby with spoon.
16
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 11: MASHED POTATO PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH TOMATO,

MILK AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of mashed potato enriched with tomato, milk and oil
fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 medium size 80 gram 159 1.5 1.4
Tomato 2 medium sized 100 30 1.4 1.0
gram
Carrot 1 small sized carrot 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Milk More than half coffee 50 ml 37 1.7 0.5
cup
Oil 1 ½ tea spoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Iodized For taste 0 0 0 0
salt
Ripe ½ medium sized 50 gram 55 0.8 0.9
avocado
Total Amount 350 5.5 3.9

1. Wash potato and carrots, peel, chop and boil.

2. When potato and carrots are cooked, remove from heat and mash.
3. Boil water and add tomato.
4. Remove tomato and chop into small pieces
5. Mix mashed potato, carrot and tomato with milk, add oil & iodized salt and
warm it.
6. Allow the preparation to cool and feed the baby with spoon, using
encouragement and patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 40 minutes.
Avocado for mekses
1. Wash and peel the avocado.
2. Mashed it by clean spoon & cup.
3. Feed the baby with spoon.

17
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 12: BARLEY PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH MILK, PEA/BEAN

FLOUR, CARROTS AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of barley porridge enriched with milk, pea/bean flour,

carrots and oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Barley More than half coffee 40 gram 147 3.4 2.5
flour cup
Pea or 1 teaspoon 5 gram 18 1.0 0.7
beans flour
Carrot 1 small size 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Milk ½ coffee cup 35ml 26 1.2 0.4
Butter/oil 2 teaspoon 10ml 90 0 0
Water 4 coffee cups 280 ml 0 0 0
Iodized For taste - 0 0 0
salt
Banana 1 medium size 50 gram 44 0.4 0.3
Total Amount 331 6.1 4

1. Mix the barley with the pea flour.

2 Add water, milk and iodized salt into the mixed flour and put on the fire.
3. Wash, peel, chop, and boil carrot in water.
4. Take off fire and mash
5. Add the mashed carrot and butter/oil to porridge, and cook by stirring.
6. Allow to cool and feed with spoon, using encouragement and patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cup

Preparation and cooking time: 35 minutes.

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel banana

2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat

18
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 13: ENJERA WITH SHIRO, ONION, CARROT AND

TOMATO

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of finely chopped enjera with shiro, onion, carrot, and
tomato fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Roasted 1 medium table spoon 10gram 35 2.0 1.4
pea flour
Tomato 1 small size 20 gram 6 0.3 0.2
Onion ½ onion 20 gram 14 0.2 0.2
Carrot 1 small sized carrot 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Butter/oil 3 teaspoons 15 ml 134 0 0
Water 5 coffee cups 350ml 0 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
enjera 1/5 of one enjera 60 gram 100 2.9 33.6
Ripe papaya ¼ small size 60 gram 21 0.4 0.3
Total Amount 316 5.9 35.8

1. Roast the onion with oil.

2. Wash, peel, boil and mash carrot.
3. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
4. Add the tomato to water and boil.
5. Add pea flour and iodized salt and cook by stirring.
6. When the shiro is cooked, add the enjera and chop.
7. Also add mashed carrot to mixture.
8. Allow to cool and feed with spoon using encouragement and patience.

Cooked Amount: 3 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes

Ripe papaya for mekses

1. Wash, cut the papaya & remove the seeds.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give the child to eat

19
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 14: ENJERA WITH MEAT, POTATO, KALE AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of finely chopped enjera with meat, potato and kale
fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 orange as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enjera dish:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Meat 3 tea spoons 15 gram 17 2.9 0.5
Potato ½ small size 25 gram 50 0.5 0.4
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Onion ½ onion 20 gram 14 0.2 0.2
Oil 2 tea spoons 10 gram 90 0
enjera 1/5 enjera 60 gram 100 2.9 33.6
Water 6 coffee cups 420 ml 0 0 0
Iodized For taste - 0 0 0
salt
Orange 1 big size 100gram 34 0.7 0.8
Total Amount 323 8.3 34.4

1. Clean, chop and boil potato in water.

2. In separate pan, fry onion in oil and add finely minced meat.
3. Wash, chop and add kale to the fried onion and meat mixture
4. Add small quantity of water and cook.
5. Add boiled potato to onion and meat mixture.
6. Add iodized salt and the remaining water and cook properly.
7. Take the pan off the fire and add enjera.
8. Allow to cool
9. Finely chop mixture and feed to child with spoon, using encouragement and
patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 1 hour

Orange for mekses

1. Wash & peel off the orange.
2. Cut in to small pieces, remove the seeds.
3. Give to the child to eat.

20
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 15: SORGHUM PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH TOMATO,

CARROT, MILK AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of sorghum porridge enriched with tomato, carrot, milk

and oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 orange as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Sorghum Almost one coffee cup 60gram 225 4.9 5.3
flour
Tomato 1 Tomato 30 gram 9 0.5 0.3
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Carrot 1 small sized carrot 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Water 4 coffee cups 240 ml 0 0 0
Milk Just over 1/2 coffee cup 35 ml 28 1.3 .4
Iodized for the taste - 0 0 0
salt
Orange 1 medium size 50 gram 17 0.4 0.4
Total Amount 348 7.2 6.5
1. Mix sorghum flour with water, milk and iodized salt and put on the fire.
2. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
3. Clean, peel, boil and mash carrot.
4. To the porridge, add tomato, mashed carrot, oil/butter and cook well by
continuously stirring.
5. Wait until it gets cool and feed baby with spoon, using encouragement and
patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes.

Orange for mekses

1. Wash and peel orange.

2. Cut in to very small pieces & give to child to eat.

21
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 16: MAIZE PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH PUMPKIN, MILK

AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of maize porridge enriched with pumpkin, milk and

oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 orange as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Maize flour Almost one coffee cup 60 gram 227 0.6 4.2

Pumpkin 1½ slice 15 gram 6 0.2 0.3

Milk More than half coffee 50 ml 37 1.7 0.5
cup
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 15 ml 63 0 0
Water 4 ½ coffee cups 315 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Orange 1medium size 50gram 17 0.4 0.4
Total Amount 350 2.9 5.4

1. Mix maize flour with milk and water.

2. Put it on fire, add iodized salt, and heat.
3. Peel, remove seed, chop and boil the pumpkin in water.
4. Take off heat and mash pumpkin.
5. To the pumpkin mixture, add the oil/butter and stir until cooked.
6. Allow to cool and feed the baby with spoon, using encouragement and patience.

Note: If maize flour is not available, use teff, barley, and wheat or sorghum
flour instead.

Cooked amount: 3 Coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes.

Orange for mekses

1. Wash & peel orange.

2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

22
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 17: SORGHUM PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH TOMATO,

CARROT AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of sorghum porridge enriched with tomato, carrot and

oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Sorghum Almost one coffee cup 60 gram 225 4.8 5.4
flour
Tomato 1 Tomato 30 gram 9 0.5 0.3
Carrot 1 small sized carrot 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Water 4 ½ coffee cups 315ml 0 0 0
Lemon 1 medium sized 15ml 7 0.1 0.1
Ripe papaya ¼ small size 50gram 17 0.5 1.5
Total Amount 327 6 7.4

1. Pour water into the flour, add iodized salt and put on the fire.
2. Boil, peel and chop the tomato.
3. Clean, peel, boil and mash carrot
4. To the porridge add the tomato, carrot and butter/oil and stir it till properly
cooked
5. Allow to cool and wash, squeeze the lemon into porridge and mix.
6. Feed the baby with spoon, using encouragement and patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 30 minutes.

Ripe papaya for mekses

1. Wash papaya, cut and remove seeds.
2. Cut in to small pieces give to the child to eat.

23
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 18: MASHED POTATO ENRICHED WITH CARROT, MILK

AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of mashed potato enriched with carrot, milk and

oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe mango as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 medium size potato 80 159 1.5 1.4
grams
Carrot 3 small carrots 60 gram 17 0.3 0.3
Milk (boiled 1½ coffee cup 105 ml 78 3.6 1.1
and cooled)
Butter/oil 1½ teaspoon 7 ml 63 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe mango ½ medium size 50 gram 22 0.2 0.3
Total Amount 339 5.6 3.1

1. Peel carrot and potato, wash, chop and boil

2. When cooked well take potatoes and carrots off the fire, and mash well
3. Add the milk into the potato and carrot mixture
4. Add butter/oil and iodized salt and warm on the fire, stirring mixture
together.
5. Take pan off fire, allow to cool and feed with spoon, using encouragement and
patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 45 minutes.

Mango for mekses:

1. Wash and peel the Mango
2. Mashed it by clean spoon & cup.
3. Feed the baby with spoon

24
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 19: SORGHUM PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH PEA FLOUR,

KALE AND OIL/BUTTER:

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of sorghum porridge enriched with pea flour, kale and
oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Sorghum Almost one coffee cup 60 gram 225 4.9 5.3
flour
Pea or bean 1 teaspoon 5 gram 18 1.0 0.7
flour
Butter/oil 1 teaspoon 5 ml 45 0 0
Kale 3 leaves 40 16 1.0 1.6
gram
Water 4 coffee cups 280 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe papaya ¼ small sized 60 gram 21 0.4 0.3
Total Amount 325 7.3 7.9

1. Wash, chop and boil the kale.

2. Mix sorghum flour with bean (or pea) flour.
3. Pour water into the mixed flour add iodized salt and put on fire.
4. Add butter/oil and kale & cook by stirring.
5. Allow to cool and feed with spoon, using encouragement and patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 50 minutes.

Ripe papaya for mekses

1. Wash, cut the papaya & remove the seeds.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

25
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 20: MAIZE PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH PUMPKIN, TOMATO

AND OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of sorghum porridge enriched with pumpkin, tomato

and oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Maize flour Almost one coffee cup 60 gram 227 5.4 4.2
Pumpkin 1 slice 10 gram 4 0.1 0.2
Butter/oil 1 teaspoon 5 ml 45 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Water 4 coffee cups 280 ml 0 0 0
Ripe ½ medium size 50 gram 55 0.8 0.9
avocado
Total Amount 331 6.3 5.3

1. Pour water into maize flour, add iodized salt and put it on the fire.
2. Peel, remove the seed, chop and boil pumpkin.
3. Take off the fire and mash it.
4. Add the pumpkin and oil/butter to maize porridge, and cook by stirring.
5. Allow to cool and feed with spoon, using encouragement and patience.

Note: Whenever available you can use teff, barely, wheat or sorghum flour
instead of maize flour.
Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups
Preparation and cooking time: 40 minutes

Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash and peel avocado.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

26
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 21: POTATO PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH CARROT, EGG AND

OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 6-11 month old baby can eat:

• 3 coffee cups of potato porridge enriched with carrot, egg and

oil/butter fed over 2-3 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if baby wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 big size potato 100 199 1.9 1.7
gram
Carrot 2 small carrots 40 gram 11 0.2 0.2
Egg 1 small egg 35 gram 54 4.1 1.5
Butter/oil 1 teaspoon 5 ml 45 0 0
Iodized for taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe papaya ¼ small size 50 gram 17 0.5 1.4
Total Amount 326 6.7 4.8

1. Wash, peel, chop and boil the potato and carrot

2. When cooked, take the carrot and potato off the fire, mash and mix them up
3. Beat the egg and add to the mashed carrot and potato mixture
4. Add butter/oil and iodized salt and warm by stirring.
5. Allow to cool and feed with spoon, using encouragement and patience.

Cooked amount: 3 coffee cups.

Preparation and cooking time: 55 minutes.

Papaya for mekses

1. Wash and cut papaya & remove the seeds.
2. Cut into small pieces and give to child to eat.

27
 Section III

Complementary Feeding of
Children 12-23 months of age

The first part of this section presents a “field tool” for field workers to use with mothers to
counsel on the feeding of children 12 to 23 months of age. This field tood emphasizes i.)
continued breastfeeding, ii.) types and amounts of complementary foods to give, as well as iii.) key
practices for the nutritional care of sick children. A complete list of all messages related to the
complementary feeding of children 12 to 23 months of age is contained in Annex 2.

The second part of the section contains practical recipes using locally available foods that
mothers can use to prepare nutritious meals for their children. These recipes are based on the
assumption that children are still being breastfed, and thus aim to provide the additional
nutritional requirements from complementary foods needed by breastfed children in this age
group. Recipes are presented for each of the three major staple food eating groups. It is
recognized that the iron content of local foods and its bioavailability is limited, thus, iron
supplements or foods fortified with iron should be used whenever available.

** Encourage families to add meat each day to the following recipes when possible **

28
28
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 22: ENJERA WITH KALE, POTATO, EGG AND OIL/BUTTER,

WITH MILK TO DRINK

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of enjera with kale, potato, egg and oil/butter fed
over 3-4 feedings, with milk to drink
• 1 ripe avocadoe as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched meals:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Potato 1 medium sized potato 80 159 1.5 1.4
grams
Egg 1 small egg 35 gram 53 4.1 1.5
Butter/oil 2 teaspoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
Iodized
salt
enjera of 1/4 of enjera 75 gram 119 3.3 7.4
maize
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Ripe 1 medium sized 100 110 1.6 1.7
avocado gram
Total Amount 601 13.4 14.3
1. Wash, chop and boil the kale.
2. Peel, wash, chop and add in potato.
3. When cooked properly take the kale & potato off the fire and mash.
4. Add the beaten egg to the mashed kale & potato.
5. Add butter/oil and iodized salt and cook while stirring.
6. Allow to cool and feed with enjera, assisting child to eat.
Note: Whenever available you can use 65 gram bulla bread instead of enjera.
Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time: 1hour and 10 minutes.

Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash avocado and peel off skin.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

30
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 23: ENJERA WITH POTATO, CARROT, KALE AND EGG,

WITH MILK TO DRINK
In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of enjera with potato, carrot, kale and egg fed over 3-
4 feedings, with milk to drink
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enjera meal:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 medium size potato 80 159 1.5 1.4
grams
Carrot 2 small size carrots 40 gram 11 0.2 0.2
Onion ½ onion 20 gram 14 0.2 0.2
Butter/oil 2 teaspoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Egg 1 small egg 35 gram 53 4.6 1.5
Water 7 coffee cups 490ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
enjera of ¼ of enjera 75 gram 119 3.3 7.4
maize
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Banana 1 big size 100 87.8 0.8 0.5
gram
Total Amount 603.8 13.5 13.5
1. Chop & fry onion in oil.
2. Wash, chop and add the kale
3. Wash, peel, chop & boil carrots and potatos in same pan.
4. Mash carrots and potatoes together and add beaten egg.
5. Add remaining water, iodized salt and boil further.
6. When cooked take off fire and mix with enjera.
7. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience.
Note: Whenever available use 135 gram finely minced meat instead of potato.
Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time: 1hour and 20 minutes.
Banana for mekses
1. Wash & peel banana
2. Cut up in small pieces and feed child
31
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 24: BULLA PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH KALE, MILK AND

OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of bulla porridge enriched with kale, milk and
oil/butter fed over 3-4 feedings
• 1 ripe papaya as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Maize flour 1 coffee cups 70 gram 265 6.3 4.9

Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6

Butter/oil 3 teaspoons 15 gram 134 0 0
Milk 2 coffee cups 140ml 103 4.7 2.8
Water 4 coffee cups 280ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe papaya ½ small sized 100 35 0.7 0.5
gram
Total Amount 555 12.8 9.8
1. Wash, chop and boil the kale
2. When it is cooked take it off fire and mash it.
3. Mix the bulla with milk and put it on the fire
4. Add butter/oil and iodized salt & cook while stirring.
5. Add the kale and stir adding a little water for further cooking
6. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience

Cooked amount = 4 coffee cups

Prepation and cooking time = 40 minutes.

Papaya for mekses

1. Wash & cut the papaya & remove the seeds.

2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

32
 Staple Food Group 1: maize/enset

RECIPE 25: ENJERA WITH MEAT AND KALE, WITH MILK TO

DRINK
In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of enjera with meat and kale fed over 3-4 feedings,
with milk to drink
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enjera meal:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Finely 4 teaspoons 20 gram 23 4.0 0.7
minced
meat
Kale 4 ½ leaves 60 gram 27 1.7 2.5
Onion ½ of one onion 20 gram 14 0.2 0.2
Butter/oil 2 teaspoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Water 7 coffee cups 490ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste - 0 0 0
salt
'Enjera' of A quarter of one 'Enjera' 75 gram 119 3.3 7.4
Maize
Milk to 2 coffee cups 140ml 103 4.7 1.4
drink
Banana 2 big bananas 200 174 1.6 1.0
gram
Total Amount 550 15.5 13.2
1. Chop and fry onion in oil
2. Add the minced meat to the roasted onion and cook by adding small quantity
of water
3. Wash and chop kale and add to meat mixture.
4. Add iodized salt and keep on cooking adding small quantity of water frequently
5. Take the preparation off the fire and mix it with the enjera.
6. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience.
Cooked Amount= 4 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time= 1hour and 10 minutes.

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel banana
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

33
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 26: TEFF PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH PEA FLOUR, CARROT,

MILK AND OIL/BUTTER, WITH MILK TO DRINK

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of teff porridge enriched with pea flour, carrot, milk
and oil/butter fed over 3-4 feedings, with milk to drink
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

1. Sieve the flours and mix in a pot.

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Teff Flour More than one coffee 80 gram 284 7.2 120.0
cups
Peas flour 1 tea spoons 5 gram 18 1.0 0.7
Carrot 1 small size 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Milk 1 coffee cup 70 ml 56 2.3 0.7
Oil 2 tea spoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Water 6 coffee cups 420ml 0 0 0
Iodized For the test 0 0 0
salt
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Ripe 1 medium size 100gram 110 1.6 1.7
avocado
Total Amount 616 14 123.9
2. Pour water & milk into the mixed flour and put it on the fire.
3. Peel, wash and boil the carrot.
4. Take off the fire and mash it.
5. Add the mashed carrot, iodized salt & butter/oil to porridge and cook while
stirring.
6. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience
Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups
Preparation and cooking time: 35 minutes.
Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash & peel off the Avocado.

2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

34
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 27: BARLEY PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH KALE, EGG, MILK

AND OIL/BUTTER:

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of barley porridge enriched with kale, egg, milk and
oil/butter fed over 3-4 feedings
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Barley More than one coffee 80 gram 294 6.8 5.0
flour cups
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Milk 1 ½ coffee cups 100ml 74 3.4 1.0
Egg 1 small egg 35 gram 53 4.6 1.5
Oil 2 tea spoons 10 ml 90 0 0
Lemon 1 medium size 15ml 7 0.1 0.1
Water 5 coffee cups 350ml 0 0 0
Iodized For the test 0 0 0
salt
Banana 1 big size bananas 100gram 88 0.8 0.5
Total Amount 571 12.2 8.2

1. Mix the flour with water & milk.

2. Add iodized salt & put it on the fire.
3. Wash and boil the kale.
4. Take off the fire and chop.
5. Add the kale & butter/oil to porridge and cook while stirring.
6. Allow to cool and squeeze lemon on it.
7. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience

Cooked Amount: 4 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 35 minutes

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel the Banana
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.

35
 Staple Food Group 2: teff/wheat/barley

RECIPE 28: ENJERA WITH LENTIL AND CARROT SAUCE, WITH MILK
TO DRINK

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of enjera with lentil and carrot sauce fed over 3-4
feedings, and milk to drink
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched meals:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Lentil split 2 1/2 medium sized table 30 gram 107 6.9 12.9
spoons
Carrot 1 small size 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Oil 5 teaspoons 25 ml 224 0 0
Onion ¼ onion 10 gram 7 0.1 0.1
Enjera ¼ Enjera 75 gram 124 3.7 42.0
Water 8 coffee cups 560ml 0 0 0
Iodized For the test - 0 0 0
salt
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Ripe 1 medium size 100 110 1.6 1.7
avocado gram
Total Amount 630 14.2 57.5
1. Chop roasted the onion with the oil.
2. Wash, chop and add the carrot in to the roasted onion
3. Cook by adding small quantity of water.
4. Add the lentil split and.
5. Add iodized salt and the remaining water and cook properly.
6. Take the preparation off the fire and mix it with enjera.
7. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience

Cooked Amount: 4 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 1 hour

Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash & peel off the Avocado.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat

36
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 29: SORGHUM PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH PEA FLOUR,

CARROT AND OIL/BUTTER, AND MILK TO DRINK

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of sorghum porridge enriched with pea flour, carrots
and oil/butter fed over 3-4 feedings, with milk to drink
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Sorghum More than one coffee 80 gram 300 6.5 7.1
flour cups
Pea or bean 1 tea spoon 5 gram 18 1.0 0.7
flour
Carrot 1 small size 20 gram 6 0.1 0.1
Butter/oil 3 teaspoons 15 ml 134 0 0
Water 7 coffee cups 490 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Ripe 1 medium size 100 110 1.6 1.7
avocado gram
Total Amount 620 11 10.3
1. Clean the flour by sieving into a pot
2. Mix the flour with water and milk..
3. Add iodized salt and put it on the fire
4. Peel, wash and boil the carrot.
5. Take off the fire and mash it.
6. Add the carrot & butter/oil and cook by stirring.
7. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience

Note: When available use barley, wheat or teff flour instead of sorghum flour.
Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time: 35 minutes.

Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash & peel off the Avocado.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.
37
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 30: ENJERA WITH POTATO AND CARROTS, WITH MILK TO

DRINK
In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of enjera with potato and carrots fed over 3-4
feedings, with milk to drink
• 1 banana as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Potato 1 medium size potato 80 159 1.5 1.4
grams
Carrot 2 small size carrots 40 gram 17 0.7 0.2
Onion A quarter of one onion 10 gram 7 0.1 0.1
Butter/oil 3 teaspoons 15 ml 134 0 0
Water 7 big coffee cups 490 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
enjera A quarter of one enjera 75 gram 168 4.4 5.6
from
Sorghum
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Banana 1 big size 100 88 0.8 0.5
gram
Total Amount 625 9.3 8.5
1. Chop and fry the onion in oil.
2. Peel, cop & wash the carrot and potato.
3. Put little water and add the carrot. Cook for a while and then add the potato.
4. Add the remaining water and iodized salt and keep on the fire for further
boiling.
5. When it is cooked takes it off the fire and mix with enjera.
6. Assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience
Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time: 1 hour

Banana for mekses

1. Wash and peel banana
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat.
38
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 31: SORGHUM PORRIDGE ENRICHED WITH KALE, MILK AND

OIL/BUTTER

In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of sorghum porridge enriched with kale, milk and
oil/butter fed over 3-4 feedings
• 1 ripe avocado as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:

Weight Calories Protein Iron

Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Sorghum More than one coffee 80 gram 300 6.5 7.1
flour cups
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Butter/oil 2 teaspoons 10 gram 90 0 0
Milk 1 coffee cup 70 ml 52 2.4 0.7
Water 6 coffee cups 420ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
Ripe 1 medium size 100 110 1.6 1.7
avocado gram
Total Amount 570 11.6 11.1

1. Wash, chop and boil the kale in a pot

2. When it is cooked take off the fire and mash it.
3. Mix the sorghum flour with milk and water & put it on the fire
4. Add butter/oil and iodized salt & cook by stirring.
5. Add the kale and stir adding little water for further cooking
6. Allow to cool and assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience

Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups

Preparation and cooking time: 1 hours and 20 minutes.

Ripe avocado for mekses

1. Wash & peel off the Avocado.
2. Cut in to small pieces & give to the child to eat

39
 Staple Food Group 3: maize/sorghum

RECIPE 32: ENJERA WITH MEAT & KALE SAUCE, WITH MILK TO DRINK
In one day, along with breast milk, your 12-23 month old child can
eat:
• 4 coffee cups of enjera with meat and kale sauce fed over 3-4
feedings, with milk to drink
• 1 ripe mango as mekses

Feed even more food if child wants to eat more!

How to prepare the enriched porridge:
Weight Calories Protein Iron
Ingredients Amount
gram kcal gram mg
Finely 3 teaspoons 15 gram 17 3.0 0.5
minced
meat
Kale 3 leaves 40 gram 18 1.1 1.6
Potato ½ big size 50 gram 100 0.9 0.9
Carrot 2 small size 40 gram 11 0.2 0.2
Onion ½ onion 20 gram 14 0.2 0.2
Butter/oil 4 teaspoons 20 ml 179 0 0
Water 6 coffee cups 420 ml 0 0 0
Iodized for the taste 0 0 0
salt
‘Enjera of A quarter of one ‘Enjera’ 75 gram 168 4.4 5.6
Sorghum
Milk to 1 coffee cup 70ml 52 1.8 0.7
drink
Ripe mango 1 medium size 100 44 0.3 0.6
gram
Total Amount 603 11.9 10.3
1. Chop and fry onion in oil
2. Add minced meat to fried onion and cook in small quantity of water
3. Wash and chop kale, and add to the meat mixture.
4. Add iodized salt and keep on cooking adding small quantity of water frequently
5. Take off the fire and mix with enjera.
6. Assist child to eat, using encouragement and patience
Cooked amount: 4 coffee cups.
Preparation and cooking time: 1hour and 35 minutes.

Ripe mango for mekses

1. Wash, peel and cut up mango
2. Give to the child to eat.

40
References

1. Complementary Food for Children Prepared for Communities where their

Staple Food is Maize & Enset [Amharic; Prepared By EHNRI]
2. Complementary Food for Children Prepared for Communities where their
Staple Food is Teff, Wheat & Barley [Amharic; Prepared By EHNRI]
3. Complementary Food for Children Prepared for Communities where their
Staple Food is Maize & Sorghum [Amharic; Prepared By EHNRI]
4. Key Messages on the Essential Nutrition Action to Improve the Nutrition of
Women & Young Children in Ethiopia, January, 2005.
5. Food Composition Table for Use in Ethiopia Part III
6. Food Composition Table for Use In Ethiopia Part IV
7. Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child. Pan
American Health organization, World Health Origination, Division of Health
Promotion and protection, Food and Nutrition Program. 2002

41
 Annex 1: Key Messages for Ethiopia on
Optimal Breastfeeding 0 to 6 months
WHO? ACTION
1. Mother Give the first yellow milk made especially
for the new born as it will protect your
baby from illness.
2. Mother Put your baby on the breast immediately
after birth, even before the placenta is
expelled, to stimulate your production of
milk.
3. Mother Feed your baby only breast milk for the
first six months, not even giving water,
for it to grow healthy and strong.
WHY?
This first yellow milk (colostrum) is
the mother’s natural butter and will
help to expel your baby’s first dark
stool.
Colostrum contains many important
factors which will protect your new
baby from disease.
Immediate breastfeeding within one
hour of birth will help to expel the
placenta and reduce post-partum
bleeding.
Pre-lacteal feeds (such as sugar
water, water, butter, ersho) are not
necessary and may interfere with
establishing good breastfeeding
practices during the first days of the
baby’s life.
Feeding the baby only breastmilk
provides the best nourishment
possible for the baby and will protect
it from diseases such as diarrhea and
respiratory infections.
Giving the baby water or other liquids
may make your baby sick with
diarrhea.
If the baby takes water or other
liquids, its appetite for breastmilk
may decrease meaning it sucks less on
the breast leading to poor growth.
Even during very hot weather,
breastmilk will satisfy all your baby’s
thirst for liquids during the first six
months.
42
 WHO? ACTION
4. Mother Breast feed your baby on demand, at
least 10 times day and night, to produce
enough milk and provide your baby enough
food to grow healthy.
5. Mother Empty one breast first before switching
to the second for your baby to get the
most nutritious hind milk to grow strong
and healthy.
6. Husband Ensure that your wife who is
breastfeeding has two extra meals a day
to maintain her health and the health of
the baby.
7. Mother During illness, increase the frequency of
breastfeeding for your baby to recover
faster.
WHY?
Frequent breastfeeding helps the milk
to flow.
Increases bonding between mother
and child.
Ensure proper positioning and
attachment of the baby on the breast
to ensure it gets enough breastmilk
and also to avoid breast problems such
as sore and cracked nipples.
Advise mothers with nipple and breast
problems to seek immediate care from
a Health Worker.
Foremilk quenches thirst because it is
more watery.
Hind milk is richer and satisfies the
baby’s hunger so that it will not cry as
much.
To maintain their health,
breastfeeding women need to eat a
wide variety of foods, particularly
animal products (meat, milk, eggs, etc),
fruits and vegetables.
Ripe papaya, orange, carrot, pumpkin,
mango and liver are especially good for
the mother.
Continue to breastfeed during
diarrhea, even increasing the
frequency, to replace the liquid lost.
Breastfeeding more during illness will
help your baby to fight the sickness
and not loose weight.
Breastfeeding also provides comfort
to a sick baby.
Sick mothers can continue to
breastfeed their baby.
43
 WHO? ACTION WHY?

8. Mother After each illness increase the frequency of
breast feeding for the baby to regain health
and weight.
9. Mother Take Vitamin A supplementation within 45
days of delivery for the baby’s health and
strength.
Each time a baby is sick, it will
loose weight so it is important to
breastfeed as often as possible.
Your breast milk is the safest and
most important food you can offer
your baby to regain its health and
weight.
Ask a Health Worker for Vitamin
A supplementation after the birth
of the baby.
Taking a Vitamin A capsule will
enrich the mother’s breastmilk
with important nutrients to keep
the baby healthy and strong.

10.All family Sleep under an insecticide treated net
(INT), especially pregnant women and
members
children, to prevent getting malaria.
Malaria causes anemia which will
make members of your family
unwell and very tired.
Family members with fever need to
be taken to a health facility for
immediate treatment.

11. Mother Use LAM as a family planning method: LAM is a modern family planning
1. if the mother does not have her menses, method, effective to 98% if the 3
and
2. if the baby is exclusively breastfeed, and conditions are met
father
3. if the baby is less than 6 months

12. Mother When your baby is older than 6 months, or if Don’t wait until the baby is 6
and one of the conditions of LAM does not exist, months to decide on which family
visit the health facility or Community Based planning method you want to have.
father
Reproductive Health Agent to obtain
another Family Planning method

Additional nutrition message for infants 0 to 6 months on Vitamin D

WHO? ACTION WHY?

Mother Expose your baby to sunlight for 20 to 30 Exposure to sunshine will help
and minutes daily to ensure it grows well ensure your baby has adequate
Vitamin D which is important for
father
bone growth and good health.

44
 Annex 2: Key Messages for Ethiopia on
Complementary Feeding with Breastfeeding 6 to 24 months
WHO? ACTION WHY?

1. Mother Introduce complementary foods at
six months of age, such as soft
and
porridge 2-3 times a day, for your
father
baby to grow healthy and strong.
Porridge can be made from many different
types of cereals and tubers (e.g. potatoes,
enset).
The consistency of the porridge should be
thick enough to be fed by hand.
Thicken the porridge as the baby grows
older, making sure that it is still able to
easily swallow without choking.
Thin gruels made with water are not
healthy for your baby as they do not
provide enough of the nutrients it needs
to grow strong and healthy.
When possible use milk instead of water
to prepare the porridge.
Foods given to the child must be stored in
hygienic conditions to avoid diarrhea and
illness.
First types of complementary foods, such
as porridges, found in different regions
that can be used to feed babies 6 to 12
months of age include:

SNNPR:
- husifa (Sidama)
- bulla, genfo (Gurage/Cheha)
- uncha shandra (N. Omo/Konta)
- boru-de-libajun (Bench and
Majil/Menit)
- boru-de-wedida (Bench and
Majil/Menit)
Oromia:
- shura (E. Marage/Kersa Jurso)
- merqa (E. Wellega)
Amhara:
- genfo

45
 WHO? ACTION WHY?

2. Mother Continue to breast feed your child on During the first and second year,
demand, at least 8 times, day and night breastmilk is still an important source
until two years and beyond to maintain of nutrients for your baby.
its strength.

3. Mother Enrich your baby’s porridge with 2 to 3
different types of foods at each meal
and
(such as butter, oil, peanuts, meat, eggs,
father
lentils, vegetables and fruits) for it to
grow and get strong.
From 6 months onwards, feed your
child 2-3 types of different
enrichment foods with the porridge at
each meal, in addition to breastmilk.
Try to feed different foods each time.
Mash and soften the enrichment foods
so the baby can easily chew and swallow
without choking.
Cow’s milk can be offered to your child
in addition to the enrichment foods
given, however, not to replace the
enrichment foods.
Add butter and oil every time.
Animal foods (meat, liver, fish, eggs)
are especially good for your baby and
will keep it healthy and strong.
Ripe orange/yellow fruits (papaya,
mangos) and vegetables (carrots) are
good sources of Vitamin A.
Dark green leaves (kale, chard,
shiferaw) and legumes contain
important nutrients such as iron and
will help your baby grow strong.
Types of enrichment foods that can be
given with the porridge include:
Oil and butter
Meat and fish
Eggs
Peanuts, beans, peas or lentils
Ripe papaya or mangoes
Carrots
Avocados
Dark green leafy vegetables

46
 WHO? ACTION WHY?

4. Mother From 6 to 12 months of age, in addition
to the 2-3 servings of enriched porridge,
and
also feed your baby 1-2 other solid
father
foods (mekses) each day to ensure
healthy growth.
5. Mother From 12 to 24 months of age, feed your
child at least 3-4 times a day using
and
family foods, along with 1-2 other solid
father
foods (mekses) each day to ensure
healthy growth.
Babies have small stomachs and can
only eat small amounts at each meal so
it important to feed them frequently
throughout the day.
By 8 months the baby should be able to
begin eating finger foods such as
pieces of ripe mango & papaya, avocado,
banana, other fruits & vegetables,
fresh & fried bread products, boiled
potato, sweet potato, kita (unleavened
bread), etc.
Feed these finger foods as snacks
(mekses) at least 1-2 times each day
Foods given to the child must be stored
in hygienic conditions to avoid diarrhea
and illness.
It is very important that the family’s
meals are also enriched with a variety
of foods and that the child eats a
variety of foods.
Young children have small stomachs and
can only eat small amounts at each meal
so it important to feed them
frequently throughout the day.
Other solid foods (mekses) can be
given as many times as possible each
day and can include ripe mango &
papaya, avocado, banana, other fruits &
vegetables, fresh & fried bread
products, boiled potato, sweet potato,
kita (unleavened bread), etc.
Foods given to the child must be stored
in hygienic conditions to avoid diarrhea
and illness.

47
 WHO? ACTION WHY?

6. Mothers As your baby grows older, feed more Change recipes each day using a variety
food at each meal in order to ensure of different foods remembering to
and
that they are eating enough to maintain encourage your child to eat more at
fathers each meal as they get older
healthy growth.

7. Mother Be patient and actively encourage your At first the baby may need time to get
baby to eat all its food in order to grow used to eating foods other than
healthy. breastmilk so have patience and take
enough time to feed them, even using
play to help them eat. Make the time
for eating special.
Use a separate plate to feed the child
to make sure it eats all the food given.
Forced feeding will discourage babies
and young children from eating.
As they are too little to feed
themselves, babies need to be fed
directly to make sure they eat all the
food given to them.
Even when older, young children should
be supervised during mealtime to make
sure they eat all the food put on their
plate.
8. Mother During illness, increase the frequency of Fluid and food requirements are higher
and breastfeeding and offer additional food during illness.
to your child to help it recover faster. Take time to patiently encourage your
father sick child to eat as their appetite may
be decreased because of the illness.
It is easier for a sick child to eat small
frequent meals so feed the child foods
it likes in small quantities throughout
the day.
It is important to keep breastfeeding
and feeding complementary foods to
your child during illness to maintain its
strength and reduce the weight loss.
9. Mother When your child has recovered from an Children who have been sick need extra
illness, give one additional meal of solid food and should be breastfed more
and
food each day during the two weeks frequently to regain the strength and
father weight lost during the illness.
that follow to help it recover quickly.

48
 Take enough time to actively encourage
your child to eat this extra food as
they still may not appear hungry due to
the illness.
10. Mother Feed your baby using a clean cup and Nutritious porridges for children
spoon, never a bottle as this may cause should be thick enough to be fed by
and
your baby to get diarrhea. hand. Porridge that is too watery and
father can be fed with a bottle will not help
your baby to grow.
Bottles are very difficult to keep clean
and can make your baby sick with
diarrhea.
Cups can be used to feed your baby,
are easy to keep clean and are cheaper
to buy than a bottle.
11. Mother Wash your hands with soap and water Touching food with unclean hands can
before preparing food, before eating, cause diarrhea.
and
and before feeding young children to
all family
avoid diarrhea.
members
Utensils for feeding the baby also have
to be clean.
Use a cup to feed a baby or a young
child never a bottle which can cause
diarrhea.
Foods given to the child must be stored
in hygienic conditions to avoid diarrhea
and illness.
12. Mother When your baby is 6 months old, make Ask a Health Worker to give Vitamin A
sure it receives Vitamin A supplementation two times a year to
and
supplementation every six months to your child between 6 to 59 months of
father age.
make it strong.
Vitamin A is important for your child’s
eyesight as well as will help your child
fight illness.
Be sure to bring your child to Vitamin A
supplementation sessions during Child
Health Days.
13. Mother Find ripe orange/yellow fruits and These foods are good sources of
vegetables or liver to feed your child to Vitamin A and other nutrients that will
and
keep it healthy. help your child grow strong and
father healthy.

49
 Children should eat these foods as
often as possible.
14. Mother When your child is two years old, it has Ask a Health Worker for de-worming
to receive de-worming medicine every medicine to be given two times a year
and
six months to maintain healthy growth. to your child between the ages of 2 to
father 5 years.
Intestinal parasites cause young
children to become anemic which will
make your child unwell and tired.
15. All family Sleep under a insecticide treated net Malaria causes anemia which will make
(INT), especially pregnant women and members of your family unwell and very
members
children, to prevent getting sick with tired.
malaria.
Family members with fever need to be
taken to a health facility for immediate
treatment.
16. Mother Ensure that all family food is cooked Iodized iodized salt is not available
using iodized iodized salt so that family everywhere, but should be used when
and
members remain healthy. available.
father
Pregnant women need to use iodized
iodized salt to ensure the health of
their new baby.

Additional nutrition message for children 6 to 12 months on Vitamin D

WHO? ACTION WHY?

Mother Expose your child to sunlight for 20 to Exposure to sunshine will help ensure
30 minutes daily to ensure it grows well your child has adequate Vitamin D
and
which is important for bone growth and
father good health.

50
 ANNEX 3
Foods used to prepare these recipes and their nutrient composition
per 100 gram edible portion.

Protein in Iron in
Food items Calories grams milligrams
1 Bulla 196.0 0.9 10.1
2 Maize flour 378.2 9.0 7.0
3 Pea flour [shiro] 352.2 20.1 13.9
4 Enjera of maize 159.0 4.4 9.8
5 Meat 114.8 19.8 3.3
6 Milk 73.7 3.4 1.0
7 Egg 152.9 11.6 4.3
8 Kale 46.0 2.8 4.1
9 Potato 199.0 1.9 1.7
10 Carrot 27.8 0.40 0.50
11 Onion 71.3 1.06 0.80
12 Papaya 34.9 0.70 0.50
13 Lemon 48.5 0.40 0.50
14 Orange 33.9 0.70 0.80
15 Banana 87.8 0.80 0.50
16 Oil 896.4 0 0
17 Heart, beef 219.7 28.8 8.2
18 Kidney beans 170.3 9.1 3.3
19 Sugar 385.0 0 0
20 Human breast milk 70.0 1.0 0.006[absorbed]
21 Avocado 110.1 1.6 1.7
22 Mango 43.8 0.3 0.6
23 Bread of bulla 186.1 0.3 4.6
24 Tomato 30.7 1.3 0.9
25 Pumpkin 42.6 1.2 1.8
26 Wheat Flour 362.9 10.9 5.7
27 Barley Flour 368.0 8.5 6.3
28 Teff Flour 355.1 9.0 150
29 Enjera of teff 166.0 4.9 56
30 Bread of Wheat 251 7.8 7.1
31 Lentil Spilt 355.1 23 43.1
32 Sorghum Flour 374.8 8.1 8.9
33 Enjera of sorghum 224 5.8 7.4

51
 ANNEX 4

Different Types of Coffee Cups Observed During Community

Assessment
[

Coffee cup commonly used in almost all communities and we used as

standard (70 ml)

Coffee cup used in few house holds

52
Coffee cup in some parts of Oromia

Coffee cup in some parts of Oromia

Coffee cup of konso

53