CHINA-AFRICA RELATIONS

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Updated as of 1 August 2018)

By David H. Shinn
Elliott School of International Affairs
George Washington University

I began this bibliography in 2006 and update it regularly. It now contains 265
pages. Most of the entries are in English. Names of mainland Chinese and Ethiopian
authors are alphabetized in accordance with the custom used in their countries. The URL
citations for those entries that have them may no longer be valid as the URLs tend to
migrate or disappear with annoying frequency. Typing the title of the item in quotes in a
Google search will usually locate it.

Aarsether, Aslaug. (2011) Chinese Colonialism or South-South Cooperation? The Case of

Chinese Resources for Infrastructure Contracts in Angola. MA thesis, University of
Bergen. See at http://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/4930/84870016.pdf?sequence=1.

Abdelghaffar, Nadia, et al. (2016) Leverging Chinese FDI for Diversified Growth in
Zambia. Princeton University Woodrow Wilson School Graduate Policy Workshop paper
(April). See at https://wws.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/content/Zambia%20Final
%20Final%20Report_27Apr2016.pdf.

Abdenur, Adriana Erthal. (2015) “China in Africa, Viewed from Brazil,” The Journal of
Asian Studies, 74 (2), 257-267.

Abdulai, David N. (2017) Chinese Investment in Africa: How African Countries Can
Position Themselves. New York: Routledge.

Abdulrahman, Abdulrahman Suleiman and Wang Bin. (2016) “A Comparative Study on

Rural Governance Development between Tanzania and China,” International Journal of
Management Sciences 7 (2), pp. 62-74. See at
http://www.rassweb.org/admin/pages/ResearchPapers/Paper%203_1497444590.pdf.

Abegunrin, Layi. (1983-1984) “Soviet and Chinese Military Involvement in Southern

Africa,” Current Bibliography in African Affairs, 16 (3), pp. 195-206.

Aberg, John. (2010) Chinese Financial Assistance to Angola: Promise, Curse or an

Uncertain Venture? MA thesis, Lund University. See at
 2

http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=1666736&fileOId=1666737.

Abraham, Saji. (2015) China’s Role in the Indian Ocean: Its Implications on India’s
National Security. New Delhi: Vij Books.

Abu Akoh, Ibrahim. (2014) “The Place of Commercial Diplomacy in Nigeria-China

Relations,” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19 (7) July, pp. 63-69. See at
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19-issue7/Version-1/J019716369.pdf.

Abu Hatab, Assem Reda, Nada Abdelhamed Shoumann, and Huo Xuexi. (2012)
“Exploring Egypt-China Bilateral Trade: Dynamics and Prospects,” Journal of Economic
Studies 39 (3), pp. 314-326. See at
https://www.scribd.com/document/332521973/Exploring-Egypt-China-Bilateral-Trade.

Abu Taleb, Hassan. (2008) “China and the Middle East: The Primacy of Economic
Objectives,” El-Syassa El-Dawliya, issue 174 (October). See at
www.siyassa.org.eg/esiyassa/Index.asp?CurFN=malf2.htm&DID=9722.

Académie Européenne de Géopolitique. (2011) “Chinafrique, Avez-Vous Dit?” Outre-

Terre: Revue Européenne de Géopolitique, no. 30 (full issue devoted to China-Africa
issues).

Achacoso, Ralph. (2015) Is China the Answer? The Effect of Chinese Engagement on
Economic and Human Development in Africa. MA thesis, City University of New York.
See at https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1346&context=cc_etds_theses.

Achberger, Jessica Lynn. (2012) “Forward with the Nation”: Zambia, China, and the
West, 1960-1970, PhD dissertation, University of Texas. See at
https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/39258?show=full.

ACP Observatory on Migration. (2012) “South-South Extraregional Migration: An

Overview of Emerging Trends,” Background Note. See at www.acpmigration-
obs.org/sites/default/files/EN-BN%2008%20extrag.pdf.

Adams, Carlton Jama. (2015) “Structure and Agency: Africana Immigrants in China,”
The Journal of Pan African Studies, 7 (10), May, pp. 85-108.

Adebayo, Kudus. (2015) “Tokunbo and Chinco Economies in Nigeria: Rethinking

Encounters and Continuities in Local Economic Transformations,” African East-Asian
Affairs, issue 2/3 (December), pp. 80-101.

Adekola, Oluwole Gabriel. (2013) “New Perspectives to Nigeria’s Foreign Policy

towards China,” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 6 (5), January-February,
 3

pp. 1-6. See at http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol6-issue5/A0650106.pdf?

id=5940.

Adekunle, Bamidele and Monika Korzun. (2017) “Trading with China: How Can Africa
Benefit?” in Negotiating South-South Trade Agreements: Economic Opportunities and
Policy Directions for Africa, Gbadebo Odularu and Bamidele Adekunle (eds.). New York:
Springer, pp. 35-47.

Adel, Abderrezak, Thierry Pairault, and Fatiha Talahite (eds.). (2017) La Chine en
Algérie: Approches Socio-économiques. Paris: MA Éditrions-ESKA.

Ademola, Oyejide Titiloye, Abiodun-S. Bankole and Adeolu O. Adewuyi. (2009) “China-
Africa Trade Relations: Insights from AERC Scoping Studies,” The European Journal of
Development Research, 21 (4), pp. 485-505.

Adeniran, Adebusuyi Isaac. (2017) “Repository Africa in the Evolving ‘Chinese

Century’: The Uneven Sino—Nigerian Water Conservation Partnership,” Journal of
Current Chinese Affairs, 46 (3), pp. 33-52.

Adie, W.A.C. (1962) “China, Russia, and the Third World,” The China Quarterly, no. 11
(July-September), pp. 200-213.

__________. (1964) “China and Africa Today,” Race and Class, 5 (4), pp. 3-25.

__________. (1964) “Chou En-lai on Safari,” The China Quarterly, no. 18 (April-June),
pp. 174-194.

__________. (1970-1971) “The Communist Powers in Africa,” Conflict Studies, no. 10

(December-January), pp. 1-20.

__________. (1972) “China Returns to Africa,” Current Scene, 10 (8), pp. 1-12.

__________. (1973) “China’s West Asian Strategies,” in China and the World
Community by Ian Wilson (ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson, pp. 179-199.

Ado, Abdoulkadre and Zhan Su. (2016) “China in Africa: A Critical Literature Review,”
Critical Perspectives on International Business, 12 (1), pp. 40-60. See at
https://www.cepci.hei.ulaval.ca/sites/cepci.hei.ulaval.ca/files/china_in_africa_-
_a_critical_literature_review.pdf.

Afolayan, Adeshina. (2012) “Challenging the Leviathan? China and the Imperative of
Empire in Africa,” Turkish Journal of Politics, 3 (2) (Winter), pp. 67-85.

Africa Research Institute. (2012) “Between Extremes: China and Africa,” Briefing Note
1202 (October). See at www.africaresearchinstitute.org/files/briefing-
notes/docs/Between-extremes-China-and-Africa-P2E56236DQ.pdf.
 4

African Agricultural Technology Foundation. (2010) A Study on the Relevance of

Chinese Agricultural Technologies to Smallholder Farmers in Africa. See at http://aatf-
africa.org/userfiles/AATF-Chinese-technologies-report.pdf.

African Centre for Biodiversity. (2017) GM Cotton in Africa: Battleground between

Chinese and US Capital (October). See at https://acbio.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/GM-Cotton-US-Chinese-WEB.pdf.

African Center for Economic Transformation. (2009) “Looking East: A Policy Brief on
Engaging China for African Policy-Makers,” Vol. I: Positive Impacts and Key Challenges
—with Recommendations (October). See at http://acetforafrica.org/site/wp-
content/uploads/2009/10/lookingeastv.1.pdf.

__________. (2009) “Looking East: A Guide to Engaging China for Africa’s Policy-
Makers,” Vol. II: Key Dimensions of Chinese Engagements in African Countries
(November). See at http://acetforafrica.org/site/wp-
content/uploads/2009/05/lookingeastv2.pdf.

African Development Bank. (2010) “Chinese Trade and Investment Activities in Africa,”
Policy Brief, vol. 1, issue 4 (29 July). See at
www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/8-Chinese%20Trade
%20%20Investment%20Activities%20in%20Africa%2029July.pdf.

__________. (2012) “Chinese Investments and Employment Creation in Algeria and

Egypt,” Economic Brief. See at
www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Brochure%20China
%20Anglais.pdf.

African Forum and Network on Debt and Development. (2008) Mapping Chinese
Development Assistance in Africa: A Synthesis Analysis of Angola, Mozambique, Zambia
and Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe: AFRODAD. See at
www.afrodad.org/downloads/publications/China%20in%20Africa%20Draft.pdf.

__________. (2011) Mapping Chinese Development Assistance in Africa: An Analysis of

the Experiences of Cameroon. Harare, Zimbabwe: AFRODAD. See at
http://afrodad.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/mapping-chinese-development-assistance-in-
africa_analysis-of cameroon1.pdf.

__________. (2011) Mapping Chinese Development Assistance in Africa: An Analysis of

the Experiences of Ethiopia. Harare, Zimbabwe: AFRODAD. See at
http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=cosmas_ochieng.

African Union Commission. (2006) Meeting of the Task Force on Africa’s Strategic
Partnership with Emerging Powers: China, India and Brazil, Report of 11-13 September
meeting.
 5

Agbebi, Motolani and Petri Virtanen. (2017) “Dependency Theory – A Conceptual Lens
to Understand China’s Presence in Africa?” Forum for Development Studies 44 (3), pp.
429-451.

Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development. (2016) Chinese, Brazilian and
Indian Investments in African Agriculture: Impacts, Opportunities and Concerns. See at
http://curtisresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/chinese-brazilian-and-indian-investment-in-
african-agriculture-1-1.pdf.

Agnihorti, Kamlesh Kumar. (2011) “Modernisation of the Chinese Navy, Its Strategic
Expansion into the Indian Ocean Region and Likely Impact on Regional Stability,”
Maritime Affairs, 7 (1), pp. 48-64.

Agubamah, Edgar. (2014) “Bilateral Relations: Periscoping Nigeria and China

Relations,” European Scientific Journal, 10 (14), pp. 63-70. See at
http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/3392/3156.

__________. (2014) “China and Peacekeeping in Africa,” International Journal of

Humanities and Social Science, 4 (11), September, pp. 193-197. See at
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_11_September_2014/20.pdf.

__________. (2014) “China’s Relations with West African Countries,” Scottish Journal
of Arts, Social Sciences and Scientific Studies, 19 (2), pp. 90-99. See at
http://scottishjournal.co.uk/paper/SJASS_Vol.19_No.2.pdf.

__________. (2014) “The Darfur and China’s African Policy,” International Journal of
Humanities and Social Science, 4 (11), September, pp. 225-230. See at
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_11_September_2014/24.pdf.

Aguilar, Renato and Andrea Goldstein. (2009) “The Chinisation of Africa: The Case of
Angola,” The World Economy, 32 (11), pp. 1543-1562.

Ahmed, Gaafar K. (2005) “China Relations with the Middle East and North Africa,”
International Review (Shanghai), (autumn). See at www.siis-org-
cn/Sh_Yj_Cms/Mgz/2008724233116XBG4.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Chinese Stance on the Darfur Conflict,” SAIIA Occasional
Paper no. 67 (September). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_67_ahmed_20100930.
pdf.

Ai Ching-Chu. (1964) “China’s Economic and Technical Aid to Other Countries,” Peking
Review, 7 (34), pp. 14-18.
 6

Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. (2004) “La Chine et l’Afrique,” Mondes et Cultures, 1 (4),
pp. 342-355.

__________. (2004) “La Chine et l’Afrique – Entre Engagement et Intérêt,”

Géopolitique Africaine. See at www.afriquechine.com/2004/la-chine-et-l’afrique-entre-
engagement-et-interet.html.

Aidoo, Richard. (2016) “The Political Economy of Galamsey and Anti-Chinese

Sentiment in Ghana,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4), December, pp. 55-72.

Aidoo, Richard and Steve Hess. (2015) “Non-Interference 2.0: China’s Evolving Foreign
Policy towards a Changing Africa,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 1, pp. 107-138.

Aidoo, Richard, Pamela Martin, Min Ye, and Diego Quiroga. (2017) “Footprints of the
Dragon: China’s Oil Diplomacy and Its Impacts on Sustainable Development Policy in
Ecuador and Ghana,” International Development Policy, 8 (1). See at
https://journals.openedition.org/poldev/2408.

Ajakaiye, Olusanya. (2006) “China and Africa – Opportunities and Challenges,”

presentation before African Union Task Force on Strategic Partnership between Africa
and the Emerging Countries of the South (11-13 September). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Opportunities_and_Challenges
%20_Olu.pdf.

__________et al. (2009) “China-Africa Economic Relations: Insights from AERC

Scoping Studies,” power point presentation at the African Economic Conference,
UNECA, Addis Ababa, November 11-14. See at www.afdb.org/en/2010-african-
economic-conference-tunis-tunisia-november-10-12-2010/past-aeca/aec-
2009/papers/opportunities-and-challenges-of-china-africa-economic-relations-insights-
from-aerc-scoping-studies/.

__________ and Raphael Kaplinsky. (2009) “China in Africa: A Relationship in

Transition,” European Journal of Development Research, 21 (4), pp. 479-484.

__________, Raphael Kaplinsky, Mike Morris and Felix F. N’Zue. (2009) “Seizing
Opportunities and Confronting the Challenges of China—Africa Investment Relations:
Insights from AERC Scoping Studies,” African Economic Research Consortium Policy
Issues Paper no. 2 (January), pp. 1-12.

Akhidenor, Anthonia Eboseremen. (2013) “Code-switching in the Conservations of the

Chinese Trading Community in Africa: The Case of Botswana,” English Today, 29 (4),
pp. 30-36.
 7

Akhtar, Nadeem, Cornelius B. Pratt, and Shan Bo. (2015) “Factors in the Cross-cultural
Adaptation of African Students in Chinese Universities,” Journal of Research in
International Education 14 (2), pp. 98-113.

Akhtaruzzaman, Muhammad, Nathan Berg, and Donald Lien. (2017) “Confucius

Institutes and FDI Flows from China to Africa,” China Economic Review 44 (July), pp.
241-252.

Akindele, R.A. (1985) “Africa and the Great Powers, with Particular Reference to the
United States, the Soviet Union and China,” Afrika Spectrum, 20 (2), pp. 125-151.

Akinrinade, Sola and Olukoya Ogen. (2008) “Globalization and De-Industrialization:

South-South Neo-Liberalism and the Collapse of the Nigerian Textile Industry.” The
Global South, 2 (2), pp. 159-170.

Akurang-Parry, Kwabena O. (2001) “‘We Cast About for a Remedy’: Chinese Labor and
African Opposition in the Gold Coast, 1874-1914,” International Journal of African
Historical Studies, 34 (2), pp. 365-384.

Akyeampong, Emmanuel. (2015) “China in West Africa’s Regional Development and

Security Plans,” Africa Development 40 (4), pp. 1-19. See at
https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/34216393/67732526.pdf?sequence=2.

Alao, Abiodun. (2010) “Banking in Nigeria and Chinese Economic Diplomacy in

Africa,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 65 (July), pp. 1-12. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_65_alao_20100730.pd
f.

__________. (2010) “Chinese Business Interests and Banking in Nigeria,” SAIIA Policy
Briefing no. 20 (July), pp. 1-4. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_20_alao_20100730.pdf.

__________. (2011) “Nigeria and the BRICs: Diplomatic, Trade, Cultural and Military
Relations,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 101 (November), pp. 1-31. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_101_alao_
20111129.pdf.

__________. (2014) “China and Zimbabwe: The Context and Contents of a Complex
Relationship,” SAIIA Occasional Paper 202 (October), pp. 1-26.

Albright, David Edward. (1975) “The Soviet Union, Communist China, and Ghana,
1955-1966.” PhD diss., Columbia University.

Alcorn, Ted. (2015) “New Orientation for China’s Health Assistance to Africa,” The
Lancet, 386 (10011), pp. 2379-2380.
 8

Alden, Chris. (2001) “Solving South Africa’s Chinese Puzzle: Democratic Foreign
Policy-Making and the ‘Two Chinas’ Question,” in South Africa’s Foreign Policy:
Dilemmas of a New Democracy by Jim Broderick, Gary Burford, and Gordon Freer
(eds.). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave.

__________. (2005) “China in Africa,” Survival, 47 (3), pp. 147-163.

__________. (2005) “Red Star, Black Gold,” Review of African Political Economy, 32
(104/5), pp. 415-419.

__________. (2006) “China and Africa: Special Report,” CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets
(September), pp. 1-27.

__________. (2006) “Through African Eyes: Representations of China on the African

Continent,” paper presented at SciPo/Fudan/LSE Conference (October). See at
www.cctr.ust.hk/materials/conference/china-
africa/Chris_Alden_Through_African_Eyes.pdf.

__________. (2007) China in Africa. London: Zed Books.

__________. (2007) “Emerging Countries as New ODA Players in LDCs: The Case of
China and Africa,” Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales,
Gouvernance Mondiale paper no.1, pp. 1-14. See at www.iddri.org.

__________. (2008) “South Africa and China: Forging Africa’s Strategic Partnership,”
China Brief, 8 (13), pp. 9-11.

__________. (2011) “The Changing Dynamics of China’s Engagement in Africa,”

Journal of African Development, 13 (1 & 2), pp. 177-196.

__________. (2012) “China and Africa: A Distant Mirror of Latin America.” Columbia
Internacional, no. 75 (June), pp. 19-47.

__________. (2013) “China and the Long March into African Agriculture,” Cahiers
Agricultures, 22 (1), pp. 16-21. See at
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/56404/1/Alden_China_long_march.pdf.

__________. (2009) “China and Africa’s Natural Resources: The Challenges and
Implications for Development and Governance,” Occasional Paper no. 41 (September),
South African Institute of International Affairs, pp. 1-26.

__________. (2009) “Paving the Way for the Next Stage in China-Africa Relations,”
Pambazuka News (26 November). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/60521.
 9

__________. (2014) “Seeking Security in Africa: China’s Evolving Approach to the

African Peace and Security Architecture,” Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre
Report (March), pp. 1-9.

__________. (2017) New Actors, New Models, New Outcomes? African Countries’
Engagement with China and Other Development Partners in Achieving the SDGs and
Agenda 2063. Oxfam Research Report (July). See at
https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620319/rr-africa-china-
development-sdgs-260717-
en.pdf;jsessionid=5AD780F3829A0ECF9003C8D421920C82?sequence=1.

Alden, Chris and Ana Cristina Alves. (2008) “History and Identity in the Construction of
China’s Africa Policy,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 43-58.

Alden, Chris and Ana Cristina Alves. (2017) “China’s Regional Forum Diplomacy in the
Developing World: Socialisation and the ‘Sinosphere’,” Journal of Contemporary China,
26 (103), pp. 151-165.

__________ and Ana Ying Chen. (2009) SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 30 (April),
“Chinese Development Co-operation in Africa: The Case of Tembisa’s Friendship Town,”
pp. 1-14. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_30_alden_chen_20090
430_en.pdf.

__________ and Christopher R. Hughes. (2009) “Harmony and Discord in China’s Africa
Strategy: Some Implications for Foreign Policy,” The China Quarterly, no. 199
(September), pp. 563-584.

__________ and Daniel Large. (2011) “China’s Exceptionalism and the Challenges of
Delivering Difference in Africa,” Journal of Contemporary China, 20 (68), January, pp.
21-38.

__________ and Daniel Large. (2015) “On Becoming a Norms Maker: Chinese Foreign
Policy, Norms Evolution and the Challenges of Security in Africa,” The China Quarterly,
221 (March), pp. 123-142.

__________ and Daniel Large (eds). (2019) New Directions in Africa-China Studies.
New York: Routledge.

__________ and Faten Aggad-Clerx. (2012) “Chinese Investments and Employment

Creation in Algeria and Egypt,” African Development Bank Economic Brief. See at
www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Brochures%20China
%20Anglais.pdf.
 10

__________ and Garth Shelton. (1999) “Camarades, Parias et Homme d’Affaires: Mise
en Perspective des Relations entre l’Afrique du Sud et la Chine,” Politique Africaine, no
76 (December), pp. 18-29.

__________ and Martyn Davies. (2006) “Chinese Multinational Corporations in Africa,”

unpublished paper presented at China-Africa workshop in Hong Kong on 11-12
November, pp. 1-11. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-
africa/papers/Chris_Alden_Chinese_Multinational_Corporations.pdf.

__________. (2006) “A Profile of the Operations of Chinese Multinationals in Africa,”

South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 83-96.

__________ and Riaan Meyer. (2010) “Unveiling the Diversity of Chinese Finance in
Africa,” Pambazuka News (11 February). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/62202.

__________ and Sérgio Chichava (eds). (2014) China and Mozambique: From
Comrades to Capitalists. Auckland Park, South Africa: Fanele.

__________, Daniel Large, and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira. (2008) China Returns to
Africa: A Rising Power and a Continent Embrace. London: Hurst and Company.

__________, Daniel Large, and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira. (2008) China Returns to
Africa: Anatomy of an Expansive Engagement. Documento de Trabajo Working Paper
51, Real Instituto Elcano, pp. 1-19.

__________ and Yu-Shan Wu. (2014) “South Africa and China: The Making of a
Partnership,” SAIIA Occasional Paper 199 (August), pp. 1-39.

__________ and Yu-Shan Wu. (2016) “South African Foreign Policy and China:
Converging Visions, Competing Interests, Contested Identities,” Commonwealth and
Comparative Politics, 54 (2), pp. 203-231.

__________ Abiodun Alao, Zhang Chun and Laura Barber (eds.). (2018) China and
Africa: Building Peace and Security Cooperation on the Continent. Cham, Switzerland:
Palgrave Macmillan.

Alemayehu Geda. (2006) “The Impact of China and India on Africa: Trade, FDI and the
African Manufacturing Sector Issues and Challenges,” African Economic Research
Consortium, paper no. ADWP-03 (September), pp. 1-15. See at
www.aercafrica.org/publications/item.asp?itemid=337.

__________. (2008) “Scoping Study on the Chinese Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa:
The Case of Ethiopia,” AERC Scoping Study. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Ethiopia-China.pdf.
 11

__________ and Atnafu G. Meskel. (2008) “China and India’s Growth Surge: Is It a
Curse or Blessing for Africa? The Case of Manufactured Exports,” African Development
Review, 20 (2), pp. 247-272.

__________ and Atnafu G. Meskel. (2009) “Impact of China-Africa Investment

Relations: Case Study of Ethiopia,” AERC Study (January), pp. 1-31. See at
www.ohaddc.com/PDF/Ethiopia-China_Eth_Invest_Fina.pdf.

__________, Solomon Mosisa, and Matias Assefa. (2013) “To Be or Not to Be: Dilemma
of Africa’s Economic Engagement with China and Other Emerging Economies,” Africa
Review, 5 (2), pp. 118-138.

Alemayehu Mekonnen. (2015) The West and China in Africa: Civilization without
Justice. Eugene, OR: WIPF & Stock.

Alessi, Christopher and Stephanie Hanson. (2012) “Expanding China-Africa Oil Ties,”
Council on Foreign Relations (8 February). See at www.cfr.org/china/expanding-china-
africa-oil-ties/p9775.

Alexeeva, Olga V. (2013) “Un aspect méconnu de la coopération Chine-Afrique: la

communauté africaine en RPC,” Monde Chinois, no. 33, pp. 67-76.

Ali, Ali Abdalla. (2006) The Sudanese-Chinese Relations before and after Oil. Khartoum:
National Centre for Scientific Research.

Ali, Shimelse and Nida Jafrani. (2012) “China’s Growing Role in Africa: Myths and
Facts,” International Economics Bulletin (9 February). See at
http://carnegieendowment.org/ieb/2012/02/09/china-s-growing-role-in-africa-myths-and-
facts/9j55.

Allawi, Ssemanda and Zhao Changfeng. (2018) “A Critical Analysis of China’s

Infrastructure Assistance To Uganda,” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science,
23 (2) ver. 7 (FebruaryL, pp. 1-19. See at http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-
jhss/papers/Vol.%2023%20Issue2/Version-7/A2302070119.pdf.

Allen, Kenneth. (2005) “China’s Foreign Military Relations: 2003-2004,” Chinese

Military Update, 2 (5), pp. 3-7.

__________ and Eric A. McVadon. (1999) China’s Foreign Military Relations. The
Henry L. Stimson Center. See at www.stimson.org/china/pdf/chinmil.pdf.

__________ and Eva Baguma. (2012) “China-Uganda Relations: Closer Is Not

Necessarily Better,” China Brief, 12 (24) 14 December, pp. 12-16.

__________, Phillip C.Saunders, and John Chen. (2017) Chinese Military Diplomacy,
2003-2016: Trends and Implications. Washington: National Defense University Press.
 12

See at
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/stratperspective/china/ChinaPerspectives-
11.pdf?ver=2017-07-17-153301-093.

Alterman, Jon B. and John W. Garver. (2008) The Vital Triangle: China, the United
States, and the Middle East. Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Altorfer-Ong, Alicia. (2009) “Tanzanian ‘Freedom’ and Chinese ‘Friendship’ in 1965:

Laying the Tracks for the TanZam Rail Link,” Cold War Studies Program, London School
of Economics.

___________. (2010) “They Came as Brothers, Not Masters: Chinese Experts in

Tanzania in the 1960s and 1970s,” Journal Für Entwicklungspolitik, 26 (3), pp. 73-94.
See at http://www.mattersburgerkreis.at/dl/MrukJMJklKJqx4KooJK/JEP-3-
2010_05_ALTORFER-ONG_They-came-as-brothers-not-as-masters-Chinese-experts-in-
Tanzania-in-the-1960s-and-1970.pdf.

__________. (2014) Old Comrades and New Brothers: A Historical Re-Examination of

the Sino-Zanzibari and Sino-Tanzanian Bilateral Relationships in the 1960s. PhD thesis.
London School of Economics and Political Science. See at
http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/811/1/Altorfer-Ong_historical_re-examination_Sino-
Zanzibari_Sino-Tanzanian_1960s_%28public%29.pdf.

Aluko, Olajide (ed.). (1977) The Foreign Policies of African States. London: Hodder and
Stoughton.

Alvarenga, Daniel, Johanna Jansson, and Sanusha Naidu. (2007) “China and India in
Africa: An Analysis of Unfolding Relations,” in Southern Africa and Challenges for
Mozambique: Papers Presented at the Inaugural Conference of the Institute for Social
and Economic Studies, Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos. See at
http://www.iese.ac.mz/lib/publication/livros/South/IESE_South_5.ChiInd.pdf.

Alves, Ana Cristina. (2006) “Emerging Postcolonial Solidarities: China’s New Economic
Diplomacy towards Subsaharan Africa,” unpublished paper presented to the 16th Biennial
Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia on 26-29 June. See at
http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASAA/biennial-conference/2006/Alves-Ana-
Cristina-ASAA2006.pdf.

__________. (2008) “China and Gabon: A Growing Resource Partnership,” SAIIA

China in Africa Policy Report no. 4. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_04_alves_200805.pdf.

__________. (2008) “China’s Lusophone Connection,” SAIIA China in Africa Policy

Report no. 2. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_02_alves_200803.pdf.
 13

__________. (2010) “A Brief Analysis of China’s Oil Interests in Angola,” The China
Monitor (August), 4-10.

__________. (2010) “The Oil Factor in Sino-Angolan Relations at the Start of the 21st
Century,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 55. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_55_alves_20100225.p
df.

__________. (2011) “Chinese Banking Interests in Mozambique,” SAIIA Policy Briefing

no. 37 (November). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_37_alves_20111111.pdf.

__________. (2011) “Chinese Economic and Trade Co-operation Zones in Africa: The
Case of Mauritius,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 74 (January). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_74_alves_20110131.p
df.

__________. (2012) “Chinese Economic and Trade Co-operation Zones in Africa: Facing
the Challenges,” SAIIA Policy Briefing no. 51 (June). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_51_alves_20120716.pdf.

__________. (2013) “China’s Economic Statecraft and African Mineral Resources:

Changing Modes of Engagement,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 131 (January). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_131_alves
_20130201.pdf.

__________. (2013) “China’s ‘Win-win’ Cooperation: Unpacking the Impact of

Infrastructure-for-resources Deals in Africa,” South African Journal of International
Affairs, 20 (2), pp. 207-226.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Economic Statecraft: A Comparative Study of China’s Oil-

backed Loans in Angola and Brazil,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 42 (1), pp. 99-
130.

__________ and António Vasconcelos de Saldanha. (2007) “The Growing Relevance of

Africa in Chinese Foreign Policy: The Case of Portuguese Speaking Countries,” in A
Portrait of State-of-the-Art Research at the Technical University of Lisbon by Manuel
Seabra Pereira (ed.). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, pp. 183-196.

Alves, Philip. (2006) Engaging Asia’s Biggest Tiger: Exploring the Contours of a SACU-
China Trade Deal. South African Institute of International Affairs Trade Policy Report
No. 14, pp. 1- 55. See at http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/TPR_14.pdf.

Amadhila, Nelago. (2012) “Grassroots Perceptions of China in Namibia: Effects on

Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy,” The China Monitor, Issue 2 (November), pp. 17-
45.
 14

__________. (2012) Perspectives on China’s Rise in Namibia: The Effects on Foreign

Policy and Domestic Politics. MA thesis, Rhodes University. See at
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11984674.pdf.

Amanor, Kojo Sebastian. (2013) “Chinese and Brazilian Cooperation with African
Agriculture: The Case of Ghana,” China and Brazil in African Agriculture Working Paper
052, Future Agricultures. See at www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/7817-china-
and-brazil-in-africa-new-papers.

__________. (2013) “Expanding Agri-business” China and Brazil in Ghanaian

Agriculture,” IDS Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 80-90.

__________ and Sérgio Chichava. (2016) “South-South Cooperation, Agribusiness, and African
Agricultural Development: Brazil and China in Ghana and Mozambique,” World Development,
81, pp. 13-23.

Amin, Julius. (2013) A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism: Cameroon’s Relations with China.
Social Science Research Network. Dayton, Ohio: University of Dayton.

__________. (2015) “Sino-Cameroon Relations: A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism,”

African Studies Review, 58 (3), December, pp. 171-189.

Amnesty International. (2006) “People’s Republic of China: Sustaining Conflict and

Human Rights Abuses. The Flow of Arms Accelerates.” See at
www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/030/2006/en/roozfI-zFwI].

__________. (2006) “Sudan/China: Appeal by Amnesty International to the Chinese

Government on the Occasion of the China-Africa Summit for Development and
Cooperation,” (1 November). See at www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR54/072/2006.

__________. (2007) “Sudan: Arms Continuing To Fuel Serious Human Rights Violations
in Darfur,” (8 May). See at www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR54/019/2007.

__________. (2014) “China’s Trade in Tools of Torture and Repression,” Omega

Research Foundation. See at www.amnesty.org.

__________. (2018) “‘Our Lives Mean Nothing’: The Human Cost of Chinese Mining in
Nagonha, Mozambique.” See at
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR4178512018ENGLISH.PDF.

Amoah, Lloyd G. Adu. (2016) “China, Architecture and Ghana’s Spaces: Concrete Signs
of a Soft Chinese Imperium?” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 51 (2), pp. 238-255.

Amosu, Akwe. (2007) “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid.” Foreign
Policy in Focus, 9 March Discussion Paper. See at www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068.
 15

Ampiah, Kweku. (2007) “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? China and Africa: Engaging
the World’s Next Superpower,” concept paper for conference hosted by the Centre for
Conflict Resolution in Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 1-10. See at
www.ccr.uct.ac.za/fileadmin/template/ccr/concept_papers/china_africa_sep2007.pdf.

__________ and Sanusha Naidu (eds.). (2008) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? Africa
and China. Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

Amupanda, Job Shipululo. (2016) “Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Developmental State:
Lessons for Namibia,” Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 38 (2), pp. 53-76. See at
http://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/85/Strategic%20Review/Vol%2038(2)/amupanda-
pp53-76.zp104536.pdf.

Amusa, Kafayat, Nara Monkam, and Nicola Viegi. (2016) “The Political and Economic
Dynamics of Foreign Aid: A Case Study of United States and Chinese Aid to Sub-Sahara
Africa,” Economic Research Southern Africa working paper 595 (April). See at
http://www.econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/working_paper_594.pd
f.

An Chunying. (2010) “A Comparative Study of the Idea of Development Through

Poverty Reduction in China and Africa,” Journal of Shanghai Normal University
(Philosophy & Social Sciences) issue 5, pp. 90-96.

An Yanjun and Zhang Yue. (2006) “An Inventory of Current China-African Relations,”
International Strategic Studies (Beijing), 4 (82), pp. 54-60.

An Yongyu. (2002) “China-Africa Political and Economic Cooperation: Retrospect and

Prospect,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 66 (December), pp. 7-22.

__________. (2007) “Common Effort Should Be Made for Africa,” unpublished paper
delivered 13 March in Beijing at Third Dialogue on US-China Relations in a Global
Context sponsored by China Institute of International Affairs and George Washington
University.

Ancharaz, Vinaye Dey. (2008) “David V. Goliath: Mauritius Facing Up to China,” report
prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Mauritius.pdf.

__________. (2009) “Mauritius: Benefiting from China’s Rise,” The China Monitor
(April), pp. 4-9.

__________. (2011) “China’s Challenge to India’s Economic Hegemony over Mauritius:

A Tale of Two Giants and a Pigmy,” Journal of African Development, 13 (1 & 2), pp.
197-222.
 16

__________. (2013) “Can Chinese SEZs Spur Industrial Development in Africa?”

Bridges Africa, 2 (6), pp. 4-8.

__________and Baboo M. Nowbutsing. (2010) “Impact of China-Africa Investment

Relations: An In-Depth Case Study of Mauritius,” AERC study (May), pp. 1-53. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-
cases/MauritiusInvestmentRelations.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Investment Relations: The Case of

Mauritius,” Policy Brief, issue 6 (November), pp. 1-4. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-policybriefs/mauritiusPB6.pdf.

__________ and Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur. (2010) “Impact of China-Africa Trade

Relations: An In-Depth Case Study of Mauritius,” AERC study (February), pp. 1-61. See
at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Mauritius-
Chinatradestudy.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Trade Relations: The Case of

Mauritius,” Policy Brief, issue 7 (November), pp. 1-5. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-policybriefs/mauritiusPB7.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Red Dagon China and Small Mauritius’ Trade Links: An In-depth
Analysis,” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 6 (3) pp. 119-144.

Andreff, Wladimir. (2016) Outward Foreign Direct Investment from BRIC Countries:
Comparing Strategies of Brazilian, Russian, Indian and Chinese Multinational
Companies. HAL Archives-Ouvertes. See at https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-
01342391/document.

Angomoko, Bella Benjamin. (2017) The Effect of Chinese Economic Growth on South
Africa’s Exports to China. MA thesis, University of South Africa. See at
http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/22596/dissertation_angomoko_bb.pdf?
sequence=1.

Ani, Emmanuel C. (2015) “China-Africa and the Global Political Economy: A Tool for
Political Economic Diplomacy and Investment,” Indian Journal of International
Business and Finance 5 (1), pp. 29-43. See at
http://serialsjournals.com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1343304380.pdf.

Aning, Kwesi and Delphine Lecoutre. (2008) “China’s Ventures in Africa,” African
Security Review, 17 (1), pp. 39-50.

Anonymous. (1964) “China, the Arab World and Africa: A Factual Survey 1959-1964,”
special China issue of The Mizan Newsletter, 6 (5), pp. 1-56.
 17

__________. (1974) “At Banquet Welcoming President Boumediene and Joint

Communique,” Peking Review, 17 (10), pp. 6-11.

__________. (2006) “Afrique: Que Veut la Chine?” Jeune Afrique, 47 (2392), pp. 43-69.

__________. (2009) “Taming the Dragon? Defining Africa’s Interests at the Forum on
China-Africa Co-operation (FOCAC),” Policy Advisory Group Seminar Report of the
Centre for Conflict Resolution and Institute for Global Dialogue, Pretoria, South Africa
(July 13-14). See at
www.ccr.uct.ac.za/fileadmin/template/ccr/pdf/Vol_32_taming_the_dragon.pdf.

Anseeuw, Ward, Jean-Jacques Gabas, and Bruno Losch. (2014) Africa’s Employment
Challenge and the Role of Agriculture: Is China a Player? A Review of Chinese
Initiatives in Rural Africa, Development Policy Research Unit policy brief, December.
See at
http://www.dpru.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/36/Publications/Policy_B
riefs/DPRU%20PB%2014-38.pdf.

Anthony, Ross. (2013) “Infrastructure and Influence: China’s Presence on the Coast of
East Africa,” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 9 (2), pp. 134-149.

Anthony, Ross and Sven Grimm. (2013) “Chinese Engagement in African Security –
Pragmatism and Shifts under the Surface,” Centre for Chinese Studies Policy Briefing
(September). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Security-policy-
brief_RASG.pdf.

Anthony, Ross, Sven Grimm and Yejoo Kim. (2013) “South Africa’s Relations with
China and Taiwan: Economic Realism and the ‘One China’ Doctrine,” Centre for Chinese
Studies Policy Briefing (November). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2013/12/CCS-policy-brief_One-China_RA_SG_YK.pdf.

Anthony, Ross and Jiang Hengkun. (2014) “Forum: Security and Engagement: The Case
of China and South Sudan,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, issue 4
(December), pp. 78-96.

Anthony, Ross, Harriet Esterhuyse and Meryl Burgess. (2015) “Shifting Security
Challenges in the China-Africa Relationship,” SAIIA Policy Insights no. 23 (September),
pp. 1-8.

Anti-Taylor, William. (1964) “China through African Eyes,” Race and Class, 5 (4), pp.
48-51.

Anton, Mariana. (2012) The U.S. Economic, Political and Geostrategic Response to
China’s Presence in Africa. MA thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. See at
https://www.iseg.ulisboa.pt/aquila/getFile.do?fileId=323300&method=getFile.
 18

António, Nelson Santos and Shaozhuang Ma. (2015) “China’s Special Economic Zone in
Africa: Context, Motivations and Progress,” Euro Asia Journal of Management, 44 (25)
December, pp. 79-103.

Anyu, J. Ndumbe and J.-P. Afam Ifedi. (2008) “China’s Ventures in Africa: Patterns,
Prospects, and Implications for Africa’s Development,” Mediterranean Quarterly, 19 (4),
pp. 91-110.

April, Yazini Funeka. (2009) “South Africa’s Governance Challenges: Assessing the
South Africa-China Mineral Case,” Contemporary Politics, 15 (4), pp. 461-477.

__________. (2014) “A Comparative Analysis of Local Governance between South

Africa and China,” Africa Insight, 43 (4), pp. 38-56.

__________ and Garth Shelton (eds.). (2014) Perspectives on South Africa-China

Relations. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.

__________ and Mokoko Sebola. (2016) “A Comparative Analysis of Corruption in

South Africa and China: Evidence from the Application of Governance Theory,” Africa
Insight, 46 (3), pp. 67-82.

Arbab, Farah. (2007) “China-Africa Interaction: Prospects for a Strategic Partnership,”

Strategic Studies, vol. 27, no. 3. See at
www.issi.org.pk/journal/2007_files/no_3/article/a4.htm.

Arewa, Olufunmilayo B. (2016) “Constructing Africa: Chinese Investment, Infrastructure

Deficits, and Development,” Cornell International Law Journal, 49 (1) (winter), pp. 101-
139.

Armstrong, J.D. (1977) Revolutionary Diplomacy: Chinese Foreign Policy and the
United Front Doctrine. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Arsene, Codrin. (2014) “Chinese Employers and Their Ugandan Workers: Tensions,
Frictions and Cooperation in an African City,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43 (1),
pp. 139-176.

Asanzi, Joseph, L. Putzel, D. Gumbo, and M. Mupeta. (2014) “Rural Livelihoods and the
Chinese Timber Trade in Zambia’s Western Province,” International Forestry Review, 16
(4), 447-458.

Asanzi, Phillippe. (2010) “China and Angola: Assessing the Impact of Chinese
Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Largest Oil-producing Country,” The China
Monitor (November), pp. 9-14.

__________. (2012) “Chinese Agricultural Investments in Africa – Interests and

Challenges,” The China Monitor (March), issue 69, pp. 4-9.
 19

__________. (2014) “Understanding the Challenges of Chinese Agricultural Investments

in Africa: An Institutional Analysis,” Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science
and Research, 2 (5), pp. 76-87.

Asare, Sarah Opokua. (2-15) An Assessment of China’s Foreign Aid to the Infrastructural
Development of Ghana: From 2003-2013. MA thesis, University of Ghana. See at
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/handle/123456789/21492/An%20Assessment%20of
%20China%20s%20Foreign%20Aid%20to%20the%20Infrastructural%20Development
%20of%20Ghana%20From
%202003%20%20%202013_2015.pdf;jsessionid=D5A0C92C0923B6C96275371CC13D
7CC4?sequence=1.

Asayehgn Desta. (2009) “China’s South-South Cooperative Investments and Co-

development Modalities in Africa,” International Journal of Business Research, 9 (6), pp.
19-33.

_________. (2009) “Chinese Investment in Ethiopia: Developmental Opportunity or

Deepening China’s New Mercantilism?” International Journal of Business Strategy, 9
(2). See at www.tigraionline.com/chinese_investment_desta.html.

Asche, Helmut. (2008) “Contours of China’s ‘Africa Mode’ and Who May Benefit,”
China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 165-180.

__________ and Margot Schüller. (2008) “China’s Engagement in Africa – Opportunities

and Risks for Development,” report prepared for GTZ (September). See at
www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2008-en-china-engagement-africa.pdf.

Askouri, Ali. (2006) “China’s Investment in Sudan: Destroying Communities,”

Pambazuka News, (14 December), pp. 4-9. See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/38848.

Asongu, Simplice A. (2016) “Sino-Africa Relations: A Review and Reconciliation of

Dominant Schools of Thought,” Politics and Policy, 44 (2), pp. 351-383.

Asongu, Simplice A. and John Ssozi. (2015) “Sino-African Relations: Some Solutions
and Strategies to the Policy Syndromes,” AGDI Working Paper 15/013 (March). See at
http://www.afridev.org/RePEc/agd/agd-wpaper/Sino-African-relations.some-solutions-
and-strategies-to-the-policy-syndromes.pdf.

Asongu, Simplice A. and Gilbert A.A. Aminkeng. (2013) “The Economic Consequences
of China-Africa Relations: Debunking Myths in the Debate,” Journal of Chinese
Economic and Business Studies, 11 (4), pp. 261-277.
 20

Asongu, Simplice A. and Jacinta C. Nwachukwu (2016) “Reconciliation of the

Washington Consensus with the Beijing Model in Africa,” AGDI Working Paper 16/011
(March). See at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2786244.

Aston, David Thomas. (2013) Enhancing Solidarity and Cooperation Social Identity
Theory and China’s Involvement in Africa. MA thesis, Utah State University. See at
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1280&context=gradreports.

Attwood, William. (1967) The Reds and the Blacks. New York: Harper and Row,
Publishers.

Aubyn, Festus. (2013) “China’s Foray into African Security and the Question of Non-
Interference,” The China Monitor, no. 3, pp. 9-30.

Aurégan, Xavier. (2013) “La Chine, d’un État Honni Incontournable en Côte d’Ivoire,”
Croisements 3, pp. 86-111.

__________. (2013) “Représentations, ‘intégrations’ et organisations: les enjeux des

dynamiques migratoires chinoises à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire),” Monde Chinois, no. 33, pp.
55-66.

__________. (2016) Géopolitique de la Chine en Côte d’Ivoire. Paris: Riveneuve

éditions.

__________. (2016) “Temps et non-temps de la Chine en Afrique,” Géoéconomie, 81, pp.

177-195.

__________. (2017) “Les investissements publics chinois dans les filières agricoles
ivoiriennes,” Cahiers Agricultures, 26 (1), January/February, pp. 1-9.

__________. (2017) “The Millennium Development Goals and Chinese Involvement in

French-speaking West Africa: Which Contributions for Which Issues?” African
Geographical Review, 36 (2), pp. 200-215.

Austin, Angelica, Danila Bochkarev, and Willem van der Geest. (2008) Energy Interests
and Alliances: China, America and Africa. Policy Paper no. 7 (August), EastWest
Institute.

Australia India Institute. (2015) China and India at Sea: A Contest of Status and
Legitimacy in the Indian Ocean. See at http://www.aii.unimelb.edu.au/publications/china-
and-india-sea-contest-status-and-legitimacy-indian-ocean.

Awadzi, Winston. (2013) “New Perspectives in Economic Development: The Role of

China in African Development,” Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 14 (4), pp.
52-62.
 21

Axelsson, Linn. (2012) Making Borders: Engaging the Threat of Chinese Textiles in
Ghana. Stockholm University, PhD dissertation. See at www.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:551083/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Ayangbah, Shirley and Liu Sun. (2017) “Comparative Study of Foreign Investment Laws:
The Case of China and Ghana,” Cogent Social Sciences 3. See at
https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23311886.2017.1355631.pdf.

Ayabei, Constance. (2017) “The Rise of China and Conflicts in Africa: The Case of
Sudan,” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 11 (2),
February, pp. 29-35. See at http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-
full-text-pdf/8919AC662372.

Ayenagbo, Kossi. (2015) “Sino-Africa Economic and Chinese Foreign Direct Investment
in Africa on Bilateral Trade Relations,” Journal of African Studies and Development, 7
(7), pp. 172-182.

Ayenagbo, Kossi, Tommie Njobvu, James V. Sossou and Biossey K. Tozoun. (2012)
“China’s Peacekeeping Operations in Africa: From Unwilling Participation to
Responsible Contribution,” African Journal of Political Science and International
Relations, 6 (2), pp. 22-32.

Ayenagbo, Kossi, Wang Rongcheng, Chen Xueting, Ajibike Omolola Lawani, Tommie
Njobvu, and Désiré Bessan. (2012) “Sino-Africa Economic and Trade Relations: Its
Impact and Implications on the African Continent,” African Journal of Business
Management, 6 (21), pp. 6420-6427. See at
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJBM/article-full-text-pdf/69022C529990.

Ayittey, George B.N. (1992) “Africa in the Postcommunist World,” Problems of

Communism, 41 (1-2), pp. 207-217.

Ayodele, Thompson and Olusegun Sotola. (2014) “China in Africa: An Evaluation of

Chinese Investment,” Initiative for Public Policy Analysis working paper, pp. 1-20. See
at http://www.ippanigeria.org/articles/China%20-Africa
%20relation_Workingpaper_final.pdf.

Ayogu, Melvin. (2007) “Impact of China and India on Politics and Governance in SSA:
Issues and Challenges,” AERC Study (February), pp. 1-23. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Ayogu_PoliticsGovernanc
e.pdf.

Ayoola, Tajudeen J. (2013) “Nigeria-China Trade Relations: Implication on the Nigerian

Domestic Economy,” Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4 (17), pp. 98-104.

Azikiwe, Emeka Ayo. (1966) “Chinese Communism in Africa,” SAIS Review (spring), pp.
18-24.
 22

Bailard, Catie Snow. (2016) “China in Africa: An Analysis of the Effect of Chinese
Media Expansion on African Public Opinion,” The International Journal of
Press/Politics, 21 (4), pp. 446-471. See at
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1940161216646733.

Bailey, Martin. (1975) “Tanzania and China,” African Affairs, 74 (294), pp. 39-50.

__________. (1976) Freedom Railway: China and the Tanzania-Zambia Link. London:
Rex Collings.

Bajpaee, Chietigj. (2005) “Sino-U.S. Energy Competition in Africa,” Power and Interest
News Report (7 October). See at www.pinr.com/report.php?
ac=view_report&report_id=378&language_id=1.

Baliamoune-Lutz, Mina. (2011). “Growth by Destination (Where You Export Matters):

Trade with China and Growth in African Countries,” African Development Review, 23
(2), pp. 202-218.

Balint-Kurti, Daniel. (2010) “Guinea: Bought by Beijing,” The World Today, 66 (3), pp.
15-17.

Bamou, Ernest and Adeola Adenikinju. (2006) “Evaluating Asian Drivers Impacts on
Sub-Saharan Africa Oil and Gas Industries: A Methodological Framework,” unpublished
paper presented to a conference hosted by the African Economic Research Consortium in
Addis Ababa on 9-10 October, pp. 1-26.

Banda, Fackson. (2009) “China in the African Mediascape: A Critical Injection,” Journal
of African Media Studies, 1 (3), August, pp. 343-361.

Bang, Peter. (2015) The Case of Sudan: How the West Lost, and China Gained Influence.
MA thesis, Copenhagen Business School. See at
http://studenttheses.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10417/5265/peter_christian_bang.pdf?
sequence=1.

Bang Quan Zheng. (2006) “A Rising China: Catalysts for Chinese Military
Modernization” in China’s ‘Peaceful Rise’ in the 21st Century by Sujian Guo (ed.).
Hampshire, UK: Ashgate, pp. 183-209.

Banik, Dan. (2013) “China’s Aid and Poverty Reduction in Africa,” in Rethinking Law
and Development: The Chinese Experience, Guanghua Yu, ed. London: Routledge. See
at https://folk.uio.no/danbanik/documents/China_Aid_poverty_Banik.pdf.

Banyongen, Serge. (2013) “La diplomatie publique de la Chine en Afrique ou la

métaphore du dragon sans griffes,” Monde Chinois, no. 33, pp. 26-39.
 23

Barber, Laura. (2014) Chinese Foreign Policy in the ‘Going Out’ Era: Confronting
Challenges and ‘Adaptive Learning’ in the Case of China-Sudan and South Sudan
Relations, London School of Economics PhD Thesis. See at
http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3129/1/Barber_Chinese_Foreign_Policy_in_the_Going_Out_Era.
pdf.

Barber, Nathaniel, Kieran Coe, Victoria Steffes, and Jennifer Winter. (2011) China in the
Indian Ocean: Impacts, Prospects, Opportunities. Paper prepared at Robert M. LaFollette
School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Barbosa, Ailton Jose F. (2014) “The Challenges and Difficulties of Sino-US Military
Diplomacy in the African Continent,” European Scientific Journal (May), pp. 404-411.

Bark, Dennis L. (ed.). (1988) The Red Orchestra: The Case of Africa. Stanford: Hoover
Institution Press.

Barnouin, Barbara and Yu Changgen. (1998) Chinese Foreign Policy During the Cultural
Revolution. London: Kegan Paul International.

Barrows, Walter L. (2007) “China’s New Activism in Africa,” Defense Intelligence

Journal, 16 (2), pp. 9-27.

Bart, François. (2011) “Chine et Afrique, Une Longue Histoire, Une Nouvelle Donne
Géographique,” Les Cahiers d’Outre-Mer, no 253/254, pp. 193-208.

Bartke, Wolfgang. (1975) China’s Economic Aid. London: C. Hurst & Co.

__________. (1992) The Agreements of the People’s Republic of China with Foreign
Countries 1949-1990. Munich: K.G. Saur.

Barton, Benjamin. (2009) “EU-China-Africa Trichotomy: The EU, China and the
Normative Power Concept on the African Continent,” EU-China Observer, issue 3, pp.
12-17.

__________. (2018) Political Trust and the Politics of Security Engagement – China and
the European Union in Africa. New York: Routledge.

Bashir, Sajitha. (2016) “China’s Contribution to Skills Development in Sub-Saharan

Africa,” The African Technopolitan, 5 (January), pp. 44-55. See at
https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/publications/The_African_Technopolitan_Ja
nuary_2016_Issue_Vol4.pdf.

Bassou, Abdelhak. (2016) “China Faced with the Proliferation of the Terrorist
Phenomenon in Africa,” OCP Policy Center (16 March). See at
http://www.ocppc.ma/publications/china-faced-proliferation-terrorist-phenomenon-
africa#.V2BxBj_2aM-.
 24

Batchelor, Kathryn and Xiaoling Zhang (eds.). (2017) China-Africa Relations: Building
Images through Cultural Cooperation, Media Representation and Communication.
London: Routledge.

Bayer, A.E. (1968) “Is the East Wind Abating?” Insight and Opinion, 3 (4), pp. 49-56.

Bednarz, Lukasz. (2013) “Chinese CSR in Africa,” Carter Center website. See at
www.sinoafrica.org/en/node/2275.

Behar, Richard. (2008) “Special Report Imbalance of Power: China Africa,” Fast
Company (June), pp. 100-123.

Behbehani, Hashim S.H. (1981) China’s Foreign Policy in the Arab World. London: KPI
Ltd.

Beibei Yang. (2016) “Understanding Mobility: Motivation, Recruitment, and Migration

of Chinese Foremen to Zambia,” Cambridge Journal of China Studies, 11 (1), pp. 129-
140.

Belhabib, Dyhia, et al. (2015) “Euros vs. Yuan: Comparing European and Chinese
Fishing Access in West Africa,” PLOS One 10 (3). See at
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC4368511/pdf/pone.0118351.pdf.

Belligoli, Serena. (2010) “EU, China and the Environmental Challenge in Africa: A Case
Study from Timber Industry in Gabon,” Studia Diplomatica, 63 (3-4), pp. 5-22.

__________. (2011) “The EU and the US: Visions of China’s Rise and of China’s
Growing Presence in Africa,” Note d’Analyse no. 14 (February). See at
https://www.uclouvain.be/cps/ucl/doc/pols/documents/NA14-INBEV-COUV.pdf.

__________. (2012) “Chinese Investments on the African Continent and Political Risk:
The Ongoing Debate in China,” Journal of Cambridge Studies, 7 (3), pp. 85-92.

Bello, Walden. (2007) “China Eyes Africa: The New Imperialism?” Multinational
Monitor, 26 (1), pp. 23-26.

__________. (2007) “China Provokes Debate in Africa,” Foreign Policy in Focus (9

March). See at www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4065.

Benabdallah, Lina. (2015) “AU-China Peace and Security Co-operation: RECs, CSOs,
and Think Tanks for the Win,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, issue 1
(June), pp. 50-74.

__________. (2016) “China’s Peace and Security Strategies in Africa: Building Capacity
Is Building Peace?” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4), December, pp. 17-34.
 25

__________. (2016) “Towards a Post-Western Global Governance? How Africa-China

Relations In(form) China’s Practices,” Rising Powers Quarterly, 1 (1), pp. 135-145. See
at http://risingpowersproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/vol1.1.Lina-
Benabdallah.pdf.

Bénazéraf, David. (2014) “The Construction by Chinese Players of Roads and Housing in
Nairobi,” China Perspectives, no. 1, pp. 51-59.

Ben-Dak, Joseph D. (1970) “China in the Arab World,” Current History, 59 (349), pp.
147-152, 174.

Benis, Asongne Ngufor. (2017) “Impact of Chinese Investment in Cameroon,”

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,” 7 (2), February, pp. 104-107.
See at https://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_7_No_2_February_2017/12.pdf.

Benite, Zvi Ben-Dor. (2008) “‘Nine Years in Egypt:’ Al-Azhar University and the
Arabization of Chinese Islam,” HAGAR: Studies in Cultures, Polity and Identities, 8 (1),
pp. 105-128.

Benjelloun, Wail. (2015) “China-Africa Co-operation: Capacity Building and Social

Responsibility of Investments,” South African Institute of African Affairs policy insights
24 (August), pp. 1-9.

Berger, Bernt. (2006) “China’s Engagement in Africa: Can the EU Sit Back?” South
African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 115-127.

__________. (2007) “Rethinking China’s Engagement in Africa,” Sicherheit und

Frieden, 25 (3), pp. 147-152.

__________ and Uwe Wissenbach. (2007) “EU-China-Africa Trilateral Development

Cooperation: Common Challenges and New Directions,” German Development Institute
Discussion Paper 21, pp. 1-27. See at www.die-gdi.de/die_homepage.nsf/FSepub?
OpenFrameset.

Bergsten, C. Fred, Charles Freeman, Nicholas R. Lardy, and Derek J. Mitchell. (2008)
China’s Rise: Challenges and Opportunities. Washington: Peterson Institute for
International Economics.

Beri, Ruchita. (2007) “China’s Rising Profile in Africa,” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 297-
308.

Bermingham, Jack and Edwin G. Clausen. (1981) “Revolution and Foreign Policy: Sino-
African Relations 1949-1976,” Munger Africana Library Notes, issue 59/60, pp. 1-40.

Berthelemy, Jean Claude. (2011) “China’s Engagement and Aid Effectiveness in Africa,”
African Development Bank Working Paper Series, no. 129 (May).
 26

Bertollo, Massimiliano, et al. (2009) “China and the Different Regional Approaches in
Africa,” Transition Studies Review, 16 (2), 404-420.

Bertoncello, Brigitte and Sylvie Bredeloup. (2007) “The Emergence of New African
‘Trading Posts’ in Hong Kong and Guangzhou,” China Perspectives, no. 2007/1, pp. 94-
105.

__________. (2009) “Chine-Afrique Ou la Valse des Entrepreneurs-migrants,” Revue

Européenne des Migrations Internationales,” 25 (1), pp. 45-70.

__________ and Olivier Pliez. (2009) ”Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Yiwu: De Nouveaux
Comptoirs Africains en Chine.” See at www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-
2009-3-page-105.htm.

Besada, Hany, Yang Wang and John Whalley. (2008) “China’s Growing Economic
Presence in Africa,” Policy Brief, The Centre for International Governance Innovation,
no. 6 (October), pp. 1-6.

Besada, Hany and Ben O’Bright. (2017) “Maturing Sino-African Relations,” Third World
Quarterly, 38 (3), pp. 655-677.

Bhattacharya, Sanjukta Banerji. (2011-2012) “The Other Powers in the Continent,”

Indian Journal of African Affairs, 51 (3/4), pp. 28-41.

Bhattacherjee, Aparupa (ed). (no date) The Maritime Great Game: India, China, US and
the Indian Ocean. Institute of Peace of Conflict Studies special report. See at
https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/177823/SR150-IPCSSpecialFocus-MaritimeGreatGame.pdf.

Biggeri, Mario and Marco Sanfilippo. (2009) “Understanding China’s Move into Africa:
An Empirical Analysis,” Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 7 (1), pp.
31-54.

Biltagy, Marwa. (2017) “China-Egypt: Suez Economic & Trade Cooperation Zone
(SETC-Biltagy),” issue 1, pp. 19-28. See at http://www.sis.gov.eg/UP/
%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/6.pdf.

Bing, John H. and Stephen J. Ceccoli. (2013) “Contending Narratives in China’s African
Development,” Journal of Third World Studies, 30 (2) (Fall), pp. 107-136.

Birchmeier, Joseph F. (2010) “China in Africa: Implications for the United States,” paper
prepared for the U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA (12 March). See at
www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA521360.
 27

Bischof, Henrik. (1970) “China and Russia Clash in Africa,” Afrika-Heute (translated
from German), 1 October, pp. 285-288. JPRS Translations on Africa, 145 (51837) no.
967, pp. 1-9.

Bischoff, Paul-Henri. (2017) “African Transnationalism in China: At the Interface of

Local, Transnational, Bilateral and Multilateral Responses,” Journal of Asian and African
Studies 52 (7) November, pp. 897-914.

Bitzinger, Richard A. (1992) “Arms to Go: Chinese Arms Sales to the Third World,”
International Security, 17 (2), pp. 84-111.

__________. (2009) “China’s Re-emergence as an Arms Dealer: The Return of the

King?” China Brief, 9 (14), 7-9.

Blair, Robert A. and Philip Roessler. (2016) “China and the African State: Evidence from
Surveys, Survey Experiments, and Behavioral Games in Liberia,” USAID paper (1
November). See at https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2496/China
%20and%20the%20African%20State--Evidence%20from%20Surveys%20Survey
%20Experiements%20and%20Behavioral%20Games%20in%20Liberia.pdf.

__________. (2018) “The Effects of Chinese Development Finance on State Legitimacy

in Africa: Cross-National and Sub-National Evidence from Surveys, Survey Experiments,
and Behavioral Games,” Institute of International Education (1 February). See at
http://cess.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Blair.pdf.

Blake, Alex. (1967) “Peking’s African Adventures,” Current Scene, 5 (15), pp. 1-9.

Blazevic, Jason J. (2009) “Defensive Realism in the Indian Ocean: Oil, Sea Lanes and the
Security Dilemma,” China Security, 5 (3), pp. 59-71.

Bloom, Kevin and Richard Poplak. (2015) “China’s Involvement with Africa,” in The
Rise and Decline and Rise of China: Searching for an Organising Philosophy ed. by
Hester du Plessis. Johannesburg: Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection, pp.
305-342.

Boakye-Gyasi, Kwasi and Yao Li. (2015) “The Impact of Chinese FDI on Employment
Generation in the Building and Construction Sector of Ghana,” Eurasian Journal of
Social Sciences, 3 (2), pp. 1-15.

Boc, Anny. (2015) “The Power of Language: Globalising the ‘Chinese Dream’,” African
East-Asian Affairs, issue 3/4 (December), pp. 102-122.

Bodomo, Adams. (2009) “Africa-China Relations: Strengthening Symmetry with Soft

Power,” Pambazuka News (2 July). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/57385.
 28

__________. (2009) “Africa China Relations: Symmetry, Soft Power and South Africa,”
The China Review, 9 (2), 169-178.

__________. (2009) “The African Presence in Contemporary China,” The China Monitor
(January), pp. 4-6.

__________. (2011) “China Takes Steps to Comprehend African Complexities: A Report

on the First China-Africa Think Tank Forum,” Perspectives on Emerging Powers in
Africa, issue 15 (November), pp. 7-10.

__________. (2012) Africans in China: A Sociocultural Study and Its Implications on

Africa-China Relations. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.

__________. (2014) Africans in China: The Experiences from Education and Training,
paper presented at the international conference on China and Africa Media,
Communications and Public Diplomacy in Beijing. See at
https://www.cmi.no/file/2911-.pdf.

__________. (2015) “African Soft Power in China,” African East-Asian Affairs: The
China Monitor, issue 2 (June), pp. 76-96.

__________. (2015) “Africans in China: Guangzhou and Beyond – Issues and Reviews,”
The Journal of Pan African Studies, 7 (10), May, pp. 1-9.

__________. (2018) “The Bridge Is Not Burning Down: Transformation and Resilience
within China’s African Diaspora Communities,” African Studies Quarterly, 17 (4), pp.
63-84.

__________ and Grace Ma. (2010) “Africans in Yiwu, China’s Largest Commodities
City,” Pambazuka News (3 June). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/64915. Accessed 26 June 2010.

__________ and Roberval Teixeira-E-Silva. (2012) “Language Matters: The Role of

Linguistic Identity in the Establishment of the Lusophone African Community in
Macau,” African Studies, 71 (1), April, pp. 71-90.

__________ and Caroline Pajancic. (2015) “Counting Beans: Some Empirical and
Methodological Problems for Calibrating the African Presence in Greater China,” The
Journal of Pan African Studies, 7 (10), May, pp. 126-143.

Bokilo, Julien. (2011) Chine-Afrique: La Concurrence entre la Chine, les Anciens

Partenaires de l’Afrique et les Autre Pays Brics. Paris, Harmattan.

__________. (2012) La Chine au Congo Brazzaville: Stratégie de l’Enracinement et

Conséquences sur le Développement en Afrique. Paris, Harmattan.
 29

Booyse, Wim J. (1988) “The People’s Republic of China’s Role in Africa 1955-1988,”
Southern African Freedom Review, 1 (4), pp. 20-28.

Bork-Hüffer, Tabea. (2015) “Healthcare-Seeking Practices of African and Rural-to-Urban

Migrants in Guangzhou,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44 (4), pp. 49-81.

Borovska, Henrieta. (2011) The China-Africa Marriage. MA thesis, Copenhagen

Business School. See at
http://studenttheses.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10417/2667/henrieta_borovska.pdf?
sequence=1.

Bosshard, Peter. (2006) “Export Credit Agencies and Environmental Standards: An

Invitation to Join the Dialogue,” paper prepared by policy director of International Rivers
Network (December), pp. 1-6. See at www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1265.

__________. (2007) “China’s Role in Financing African Infrastructure,” International

Rivers Network (May). See at
http://internationalrivers.org/files/ChinaEximBankAfrica.pdf.

__________. (2008) “China’s Environmental Footprint in Africa,” SAIIA China in Africa

Policy Briefing, no. 3 (April), pp. 1-12. See at www.internationalrivers.org/files/SAIIA
%20policy%20briefing%20508.pdf.

__________. (2009) “China Dams the World,” World Policy Journal, 26 (4), pp. 43-51.

Bosten, Emmy. (2006) China’s Engagement in the Construction Industry of Southern

Africa: The Case of Mozambique. Paper delivered at workshop on Asian and Other
Drivers of Global Change in St. Petersburg 19-21 January. See at
http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0708/DOC22157.pdf.

Botha, Ilana. (2006) China in Africa: Friend or Foe? MA thesis, University of

Stellenbosch. See at http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/3405.

Bothwell, Ellie. (2016) “What Chinese Investment Means for African Higher Education,”
Times Higher Education (21 April). See at
www.timeshighereducation.com/features/what-chinese-investment-means-for-african-
higher-education.

Botma, Gabriël J. (2013) “Cultural Flows in the Chinese Empire: The Case of Africa,”
Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 34 (3), pp. 6-24.

Boulton, Philip. (2013) China in Africa: Competing with China. FTI Consulting (March).
See at http://www.fticonsulting.com/~/media/Files/us-files/insights/white-papers/china-
in-africa-competing-with-china.pdf.
 30

Boungou Bazika, Jean-Christophe. (2008) “Les Relations Économiques de la Chine avec

la République du Congo,” report prepared for the African Economic Research
Consortium (February). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Congo.pdf.

__________. (2009) “The Impact of China’s Trade Relations in Africa: The Case of the
Republic of Congo,” AERC Study (July), pp. 1-36. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Congo-Chine.pdf.

Bourdarias, Françoise. (2009) “Migrants Chinois au Mali: Une Pluralité de Mondes

Sociaux,” Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 25 (1), pp. 7-24.

__________. (2010) “Chinese Migrants and Society in Mali: Local Constructions of

Globalization,” African and Asian Studies, 9 (3), pp. 269-285.

__________, Jean-Pierre Dozon, and Frédéric Obringer. (2014) “La Médecine Chinoise
au Mali. Les Économies d’Un Patrimoine Culturel,” Fondation Maison des Sciences de
l’Homme, no. 64 (February), pp. 1-22.

Boynton, Xiaoqung Lu (ed.). (2011) China’s Emerging Global Health and Foreign Aid
Engagement in Africa, Center for Strategic and International Studies (November).

Bracken, Andrew, Christina Hajj, Kristine Hartman, and Shivan Sivalingam. (2013)
“China’s Quest for Energy Security: Redefining and Driving Foreign Aid,” The Michigan
Journal of Public Affairs 10, Spring, pp. 4-29. See at
http://mjpa.umich.edu/files/2014/08/2013-BrackenHajjHartmanSivalingam-
ChinaEnergySecurity.pdf.

Bradbury, Rose. (2012/2013) “Sudan, the Hollow State: What Challenges to Chinese
Policy?” Journal of Politics and International Studies, 8 (Winter), pp. 362-410.

Bradley, Alison. (2016) “China and South Africa: Emerging Powers in an Uncomfortable
Embrace,” Journal of Contemporary China, 25 (102), pp. 881-892.

Bradley, Matthew Todd. (2010) “Chinese-Built Dams, Africa and Economic Growth: Is
There a Role for African NGOs?” Journal of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences
14 (1), pp. 88-96. See at http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1097&context=jiass.

Braeckman, Colette. (2008) “Manoeuvres Spéculatives dans an Katanga en

Reconstruction,” Le Monde Diplomatique (July), pp. 12-13.

Brandtzæg, Bjørn, He Wenping, Chibuzo Nwoke, Anna Eriksson, and Osita Agbu. (2008)
“Common Cause Different Approaches: China and Norway in Nigeria,” Research Report
2008-014, pp. 1-49. See at http://eitransparency.org/files/publication_file/RR-2008-
014%20BJB%20Common%20cause%20different%20approaches.pdf.
 31

Bräutigam, Deborah. (1998) Chinese Aid and African Development: Exporting Green
Revolution. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc.

__________. (2003) “Close Encounters: Chinese Business Networks as Industrial

Catalysts in Sub-Saharan Africa,” African Affairs, 102 (408), pp. 447-467.

__________. (2007) “‘Flying Geese’ or ‘Hidden Dragon’? Chinese Business and African
Industrial Development,” presentation at UCLA workshop, April 27, pp. 1-4. See at
www.globalization-africa.org/papers/79.pdf.

__________. (2008) China’s African Aid: Transatlantic Challenges. Washington:

German Marshall Fund of the United States, pp. 1-32. See at
www.gmfus.org/publications/article.cfm?parent_type=P&id=406.

__________. (2009) The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

__________. (2010) “China, Africa and the International Aid Architecture,” African
Development Bank Working Paper Series, no. 107 (April).

__________. (2011) “Aid ‘with Chinese Characteristics’: Chinese Foreign Aid and
Development Finance Meet the OECD-DAC Aid Regime,” Journal of International
Development, 23 (5), pp. 752-764.

__________. (2011) “Chinese Development Aid in Africa,” in Rising China: Global

Challenges and Opportunities by Jane Golley and Ligang Song (eds.). Canberra: ANU E
Press, pp. 203-222.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Engagement in African Agriculture: Fiction and Fact,” in

Handbook of Land and Water Grabs in Africa: Foreign Direct Investment and Food and
Water Security by John Anthony Allan, Martin Keulertz, Suvi Sojamo and Jeroen Warner
(eds.). London: Routledge.

__________. (2015) Will Africa Feed China? Oxford: Oxford University Press.

__________. (2017) Chinese Investment and Knowledge Transfer in Africa. China Africa
Research Initiative, School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins
University (27 September). See at
http://degrp.squarespace.com/reflections/2017/9/27/chinese-investment-knowledge-
transfer.

__________ and Adama Gaye. (2007) “Is Chinese Investment Good for Africa?” Council
on Foreign Relations online debate (February 20). See at
www.cfr.org/publication/12622/is_chinese_investment_good_for_africa.html.
 32

__________ and Haisen Zhang (2013) “Green Dreams: Myth and Reality in China’s
Agricultural Investment in Africa,” Third World Quarterly, 34 (9), pp. 1676-1696.

__________ and Tang Xiaoyang. (2009) “China’s Engagement in African Agriculture:

‘Down to the Countryside’,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 686-706.

__________. (2011) “African Shenzhen: China’s Special Economic Zones in Africa,”

Journal of Modern African Studies, 49 (1), 27-54.

__________. (2012) “Economic Statecraft in China’s New Overseas Special Economic

Zones: Soft Power, Business or Resource Security?” International Affairs, 88 (4), pp.
799-816.

__________. (2012) “An Overview of Chinese Agricultural and Rural Engagement in

Tanzania,” International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion Paper 01214
(October).

__________, Thomas Farole and Tang Xiaoyang. (2010) “China’s Investment in African
Special Economic Zones: Prospects, Challenges, and Opportunities,” Economic Premise
(World Bank), March, no. 5. See at
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPREMNET/Resources/EP5.pdf.

__________ and Sigrid-Marianella Stensrud Ekman. (2012) “Briefing: Rumours and

Realities of Chinese Agricultural Engagement in Mozambique,” African Affairs, 111
(444), pp. 483-492.

__________, Jyhjong Hwang and Lu Wang. (2015) “Chinese-financed Hydropower

Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa,” SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative Policy Brief no.
8 (April), pp. 1-8.

__________, Toni Weis, and Xiaoyang Tang. (2016) “Latent Advantage, Complex
Challenges: Industrial Policy and Chinese Linkages in Ethiopia’s Leather Sector,” China
Economic Review. See at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/aip/1043951X.

Brea, Jennifer. (2008) “Lessons Learned from China in Africa,” Ebony, 63 (3), pp. 68-71.

Bredeloup, Sylvie and Brigitte Bertoncello. (2006) “La Migration Chinoise en Afrique:
Accélérateur du Développement ou ‘Sanglot de l’Homme Noir’?” Afrique
Contemporaine, no. 218 (2), pp. 199-224.

Brenner, David. (2012) “Are Chinese NGOs ‘Going Out?’ The Role of Chinese NGOs
and GONGOs in Sino-African Relations,” Journal of Public and International Affairs,
22, pp. 131-152. See at
https://www.academia.edu/8960262/Are_Chinese_NGOs_Going_Out_The_Role_of_Chi
nese_NGOs_and_GONGOs_in_Sino-African_Relations.
 33

Brenthurst Foundation. (2006) “Africa-China-US Dialogue: Report of the First Meeting

of the Trilateral Dialogue,” Brenthurst Discussion Papers, no. 6, pp. 1-10. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commissioned_Reports/BD0606_Af
UsCh.pdf.

__________. (2007) “Competition or Partnership? China, United States and Africa – An

African View,” Brenthurst Discussion Papers, no. 2, pp. 1-5. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commissioned_Reports/BD0702_Chi
na_US_Africa.pdf.

__________. (2007) Africa-China-U.S. Trilateral Dialogue: Summary Report.

__________. (2012) Fuelling the Dragon: Natural Resources and China’s Development.
Special Report of The Brenthurst Foundation and Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
See at www.aspi.org.au/publications/publication_details.aspx?ContentID=349.

Brenton, Paul and Peter Walkenhorst. (2010) “Impacts of the Rise of China on
Developing Country Trade: Evidence from North Africa,” African Development Review
22 (December supplement), pp. 577-586.

Breslin, Shaun and Ian Taylor. (2008) “Explaining the Rise of ‘Human Rights’ in
Analyses of Sino-African Relations,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp.
59-71.

Breuer, Julia. (2017) “Two Belts, One Road? The Role of Africa in China’s Belt & Road
Initiative,” China-Blickwechsel, July, pp. 1-8. See at
https://www.asienhaus.de/uploads/tx_news/Blickwechsel_OBOR-Afrika_02.pdf.

Brewer, Nicole. (2008) “The New Great Walls: A Guide to China’s Overseas Dam
Industry.” International Rivers (July). See at www.internationalrivers.org/files/New
%20Great%20Walls%20low%20res.pdf.

Brewster, David. (2015) “An Indian Ocean Dilemma: Sino-Indian Rivalry and China’s
Strategic Vulnerability in the Indian Ocean,” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 11 (1),
pp. 48-59.

Brewster, David. (2015) “Murky Waters, Dangerous Currents: India, Pakistan, China and
the Coming Nuclearisation of the Indian Ocean,” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 11
(2), pp. E-1-E-4.

Brewster, David. (2016) Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security
Review Commission Hearing on China and South Asia. 10 March. See at
http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/BREWSTER_Remarks%20031016.pdf.

Brewster, David. (2017) “Silk Roads and Strings of Pearls: The Strategic Geography of
China’s New Pathways in the Indian Ocean,” Geopolitics 22 (2), pp. 269-291.
 34

Brewster, David, et al. (2016) “India and China at Sea: A Contest of Status and
Legitimacy in the Indian Ocean.” Special edition of Asia Policy (22), (July), pp. 1-67.
See at http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=899.

Bright, Rachel. (2013) Chinese Labour in South Africa, 1902-10: Race, Violence, and
Global Spectacle. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Brindley, Kathleen, et al. (2016) How African Leaders View US and PRC Engagements
on the Continent. American University (Spring). See at
http://www.american.edu/sis/practica/upload/How-African-Leaders-View-US-and-PRC-
Engagements-on-the-Continent-FINAL.pdf.

Brink, Gustav. (2006) “The Memorandum of Understanding and Quotas on Clothing and
Textile Imports from China: Who Wins?” TRALAC Working Paper, no. 17 (October), pp.
1-30. See at www.tralac.org/pdf/20061024_Brink_SouthAfrica-
Chinaclothing_quotas.pdf.

Briscoe, Theodore W. III. (2013) “To Believe in Black Stars or Red Dragons?:
Comparing the Foreign Direct Investment Climates of Ghana and China,” William and
Mary Business Law Review, 4 (2), pp. 717-743.

Broadbent, Kieran. (1970) “Chinese Aid and Trade in African Countries,” Contemporary
Review, 216 (1248), pp. 19-22.

Broadman, Harry G. (2007) Africa’s Silk Road: China and India’s New Economic
Frontier. Washington: The World Bank.

__________. (2008) “China and India Go to Africa: New Deals in the Developing
World,” Foreign Affairs, 87 (2), pp. 95-109.

Brioch, Tobias. (2017) “Do Authoritarian Regimes Receive More Chinese Development
Finance Than Democratic Ones? Empirical Evidence for Africa,” China Economic
Review 46 (December), pp. 180-207.

Bromley, Mark, Mathieu Duchâtel and Paul Holtom. (2013) China’s Exports of Small
Arms and Light Weapons. SIPRI Policy Paper No. 38 (October), pp. 1-56.

Brookes, Peter. (2006) “The Global Dragon—China’s New Strategy: Making Friends,
Creating Enemies,” Armed Forces Journal (July), pp. 32-35 & 49.

__________. (2007) “Into Africa: China’s Grab for Influence and Oil,” Heritage
Foundation Lecture (9 February). See at www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/hl1006.cfm.
 35

__________ and Ji Hye Shin. (2006) “China’s Influence in Africa: Implications for the
United States,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, no. 1916 (February 22), pp. 1-9.
See at www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/bg1916.cfm.

Brookings. (2013) “A Trilateral Dialogue on the United States, Africa and China,”
Conference Papers and Responses (13 May). See at
www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2013/08/us%20africa%20china
%20trilateral%20dialogue/all%20trilateral%20compiliation.

Brooks, Andrew. (2010) “Spinning and Weaving Discontent: Labour Relations and the
Production of Meaning at Zambia-China Mulungushi Textiles,” Journal of Southern
African Studies, vol. 36, no. 1 (March 2010), pp. 113-132.

Brooks, Sarah M. (2011) “A New ‘Southern Tour’: Chinese Investment Enters a New
Decade,” Consultancy Africa Intelligence (2 February).

Brook-Shepard, Gordon. (1962) “Red Rivalry in the Black Continent,” The Reporter, 26
(2), pp. 23-25.

Brown, David E. (2012) Hidden Dragon, Crouching Lion: How China’s Advance in
Africa Is Underestimated and Africa’s Potential Underappreciated. Monograph published
by the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College. See at
www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1120.

Brown, Kerry and Zhang Chun. (2009) “China in Africa – Preparing for the Next Forum
for China Africa Cooperation,” Chatham House Asia Programme (June). See at
www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/14269_0609ch_af.pdf.

Bruce, Guenther. (2008) “The Asian Drivers and the Resource Curse in Sub-Saharan
Africa: The Potential Impacts of Rising Commodity Prices for Conflict and Governance
in the DRC,” European Journal of Development Research, 20 (2), pp. 347-363.

Brugess, Meryl and Harrie Esterhuyse. (2012) “FOCAC: Addressing Joint Environmental
Challenges?” Centre for Chinese Studies Policy Briefing, (May), pp. 1-4. See at
www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/FOCAC_Policy-Briefing_Enviro_final.pdf.

Brunson, James. (1985) “African Presence in Early China,” Journal of African

Civilizations, 7 (1), pp. 120-137.

Buckens, Marie-Martine. (2007) “EU-Africa-China, A New Triangular Relationship?”

The Courier, no. 3 (November/December). See at www.acp-eucourier.info/EU-Africa-
China-a-ne.174.0.html.

Buckley, Lila. (2013) “Narratives of China-Africa Cooperation for Agricultural

Development: New Paradigms? China and Brazil in African Agriculture Working Paper
 36

053, Future Agricultures. See at www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/7817-china-

and-brazil-in-africa-new-papers.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Agriculture Development Cooperation in Africa:

Narratives and Politics,” IDS Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 42-52.

__________, Chen Ruijian, Yin Yanfei, and Zhu Zidong. (2017) Chinese Agriculture in
Africa: Perspectives of Chinese Agronomists on Agricultural Aid. UK International
Institute for Environment and Development discussion paper (January). See at
http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17603IIED.pdf.

Bukarambe, Bukar. (2002) “Nigeria-China Relations: The Unacknowledged Sino-

Dynamics,” African Journal of International Affairs and Development, 7 (2), pp. 27-49.

Bulzomi, Anna. (2013) Practice What You Preach: Theory and Practice of China National
Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)’s Stakeholder Engagement Plan in Chad. Antwerp:
International Peace Information Service. See at http://ipisresearch.be/wp-
content/uploads/2013/12/20131231_E_OIL_Chad.pdf.

Burgess, Meryl. (2012) “The Challenge in Conservation of Biodiversity: Regulation of

National Parks in China and South Africa in Comparison,” Center for Chinese Studies
Discussion Paper (May), pp. 1-39. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/Discussion-Paper-2-2012.pdf.

Burgess, Meryl and Harrie Esterhuyse. (2015) “Preparing for FOCAC VI: China-South
Africa Co-operation in Conservation and Renewable Energy,” Centre for Chinese Studies
policy brief, Stellenbosch University (August), pp. 1-4.

Burgis, Tom. (2014) “China in Africa: How Sam Pa Became the Middleman,” Financial
Times (8 August).

Burke, Christopher. (2007) “China’s Entry into Construction Industries in Africa:

Tanzania and Zambia as Case Studies,” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 323-336.

__________, Sanusha Naidu and Arno Nepgen. (2008) “Scoping Study on China’s
Relations with South Africa,” report prepared for the African Economic Research
Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/SouthAfrica.pdf.

Burrack, Dieter. (1972) “Peking’s Influence in Black Africa,” Aussenpolitik (English

edition), 23 (2), pp. 216-224.

Busse, Matthias, Ceran Erdogan, and Henning Mühlen. (2014) “China’s Impact on
Africa: The Role of Trade and FDI,” See at www.etsg.org/ETSG2014/Papers/319.pdf.
 37

Butler, Tina. (2005) “Growing Pains and Growing Alliances: China, Timber and Africa,”
African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 42-46.

Butts, Kent Hughes and Brent Bankus. (2009) “China’s Pursuit of Africa’s Natural
Resources,” U.S. Army War College Collins Center Study, 1 (9) (June). See at
http://www.csl.army.mil/usacsl/publications/CCS1_09_ChinasPursuitofAfricasNaturalRe
sources.pdf.

Byman, Daniel L. and Roger Cliff. (1999) China’s Arms Sales: Motivations and
Implications. Santa Monica: RAND.

Byusa, Vincent. (2010) “Chinese External Assistance to Rwanda,” NUR: Rwanda

Journal, 19 (B), pp. 66-83. See at
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/rj/article/viewFile/61852/49926.

Cabestan, Jean-Pierre. (2006) “Relations between France and China: Towards a Paris-
Beijing Axis?” China: An International Journal, 4 (2), pp. 327-340.

__________. (2012) “China and Ethiopia: Authoritarian Affinities and Economic

Cooperation,” China Perspectives, no. 4, pp. 53-62.

__________. (2014) “Gabon-China Relations: Towards a More Cautious Partnership?”

African East-Asian Affairs, issue 2 (June), pp. 4-37. See at
https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=7166&context=hkbu_staff_publication.

__________. (2015) “China-Cameroon Relations: Fortunes and Limits of an Old Political

Complicity,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 22 (1), pp. 67-91.

__________. (2016) “Burkina Faso: Between Taiwan’s Active Public Diplomacy and
China’s Business Attractiveness,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 23 (4),
pp. 495-519. See at
http://gis.hkbu.edu.hk/files/BurkinaFasoBetweenTaiwansActivePublicDiplomacyAndChi
nasBusinessAttractiveness.pdf

__________. (2016) “France-China Cooperation in Africa: The Emergence and the

Limits of a New Initiative,” paper delivered at the Lagos Business School, 6-7 March.
See at http://www.pairault.fr/sinaf/doc_importes/jpclagos.pdf.

__________ and Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière. (2016) “Tanzania-China All-weather

Friendship from Socialism to Globalization: A Case of Relative Decline,” Stellenbosch
University Centre of Chinese Studies discussion paper 1/2016. See at
http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CCS_DP_1_2016_TANZANIA-
 38

CHINA-ALL-WEATHER-FRIENDSHIP-FROM-SOCIALISM-TO-
GLOBALIZATION.pdf.

__________. (2016) “Tanzania’s All-weather Friendship with China in the Era of

Multipolarity and Globalisation: Towards a Mild Hedging Strategy,” The China Monitor,
issue 3 (December), pp. 34-61. See at http://gis.hkbu.edu.hk/files/China%20Tanzania
%20JPC%20JRC%20African%20East%20Asian%20Affairs%20No.%203%20Dec
%202016.pdf.

Cain, Allan. (2017) “Alternatives to African Commodity-backed Urbanisation: The Case

of China in Angola.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 33 (3), pp. 478-495. See at
https://watermark.silverchair.com/grx037.pdf?
token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAacwggG
jBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggGUMIIBkAIBADCCAYkGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZ
QMEAS4wEQQMW_W0wSPYk04DN0P_AgEQgIIBWmjZfFr5ITY9nYcDgkA8222Sy
bwjNntVaOSBYDtm3g9-
qBgT4VdU16E27eqrzpjzGPUrmQ2c7EXqDidIyiAPGCMb1CfxpTzsUu9FUK1XLU1T-
0u5ogZ1mJ16GpZZCH6tUN_FPbmKuvvnoUcpf1HRaPX-
xXzWAXlxZvjjMOa4k0s3cLBraCH5S3foruerNdYZvbLKF5QqHtcL6UWLptQhAJf1Fn
0suxoxnXtwsq0Xg_2yYqhmNsv02lzw1I5RItaaHNwlAdVMdq4_7Sbh_7xhfoGVIxlksJE
jlxERh8b_e3djat9rFFrX353HDV4-xW_dlbcifY2lkvRxxBi-
IGyF0sMyriJAmRntu1HDs5sHCdnXvvo985befm318d-
daa7mfqJe_pRIySgYVAu2JrX8sj_1DhqvLF42zgNqz76RTXb9VUBGOydZUuKyZOPS
ZaXGzy1gmiMWhy3fJFg.

Calabrese, Linda (ed). (2016) China-Africa: A Maturing Relationship? Growth, Change

and Resilience. Growth Research Programme Policy Essays. See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5167f6a2e4b0f1cbdee8d1c0/t/573f1c2df699bb30df
21f38b/1463753783145/DEGRP+China-Africa+essays+May+2016.pdf.

Camilleri, Joseph. (1980) Chinese Foreign Policy: The Maoist Era and its Aftermath.
Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Campayo, Maria Barbal and Changfeng. (2016) “The Portrayal of Sino-African Relations
in the Western Media: Who Is Actually Neo-colonializing Africa?” African Journal of
Political Science and International Relations, 10 (5), pp. 66-73. See at
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/2C80A0458614.

Campbell, Horace. (2008) “China in Africa: Challenging US Global Hegemony,” Third

World Quarterly, 29 (1), pp. 89-105.

Campbell, Horace and Sreeram Chaulia. (2009) “Unequal Equals: Angola and China,”
World Affairs, 13 (1), Spring, pp. 44-83. See at http://www.mimts.org/World%20Affairs
%20-%20The%20Journal%20of%20International%20Issues/38-Unequal%20Equals%20-
%20Angola%20and%20China.pdf.
 39

Campbell, Ivan, Thomas Wheeler, Larry Attree, Dell Marie Butler and Bernardo Mariani.
(2012) China and Conflict-affected States: Between Principle and Pragmatism,
Saferworld (January). See at www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/612.

Campos, Indira and Alex Vines. (2008) “Angola and China: A Pragmatic Partnership,”
working paper presented at Center for Strategic and International Studies Conference on
5 December 2007, pp. 1-26. See at
www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/papers/view/-/id/603/.

Canby, Kerstin, James Hewitt, Luke Bailey, Eugenia Katsigris, and Sun Xiufang. (2008)
“Forest Products Trade between China and Africa: An Analysis of Imports and Exports,”
Forest Trends report (February), pp. 1-36. See at www.forest-
trends.org/documents/publications/ChinaAfricaTrade.pdf.

Caniglia, Laura. (2011) “Western Ostracism and China’s Presence in Africa,” China
Information, 25 (2), July, pp. 165-184.

Carayannis and Nathaniel Olin. (2012) A Preliminary Mapping of China-Africa

Knowledge Networks, The Social Science Research Council (January). See at
www.ssrc.org/workspace/images/crm/new_publication_3/%7B392ea92d-ff5e-elll-bZa8-
001cc477ec84%7D.pdf.

Carbone, Maurizio. (2011) “The European Union and China’s Role in Africa: Competing
Visions, External Coherence and Trilateral Cooperation,” Journal of Contemporary
African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 203-221.

Carey, Kevin, Sanjeev Gupta, and Ulrich Jacoby. (2007) Sub-Saharan Africa: Forging
New Trade Links with Asia. Washington: International Monetary Fund, pp. 1-55.

Carmody, Pádraig. (2010) “Chinese and US Interests in Africa,” in Globalization in

Africa: Recolonization or Renaissance? by Pádraig Carmody. Boulder, CO: Lynne
Rienner Publishers, pp. 11-32.

Carmody, Pádraig and Francis Y. Owusu. (2007) “Competing Hegemons? Chinese

versus American Geo-economic Strategies in Africa,” Political Geography, 26 (5), pp.
504-524.

Carmody, Pádraig and Godfrey Hampwaye. (2010) “Inclusive or Exclusive

Globalization?: Zambia’s Economy and Asian Investment,” Africa Today, 56 (3), pp. 84-
102.

Carmody, Pádraig and Ian Taylor. (2010) Flexigemony and Force in China’s Resource
Diplomacy in Africa: Sudan and Zambia Compared,” Geopolitics, 15 (3), pp. 496-515.
 40

Carmody, Pádraig, Godfrey Hampwaye and Enock Sakala. (2012) “Globalisation and the
Rise of the State? Chinese Geogovernance in Zambia” New Political Economy, 17 (2),
pp. 209-229.

Carmody, Pádraig and Peter Kragelund. (2016) “Who is in Charge? State Power and
Agency in Sino-African Relations,” Cornell International Law Journal, 49 (1) (winter),
pp. 1-23.

Carneiro de Sousa, Ivo, Ansoumane Douty Diakite, and Ojo Olukayode Iwaloye (eds.).
(2011) China-Africa: New Types of Exchange, Cultural Identity and Emerging Relations
in a Globalized Word. Saint Joseph Academic Press. See at http://www.usj.edu.mo/wp-
content/uploads/2015/05/BookAfricanConference-FinalPrint2.pdf.

Carvalho, Pedro Miguel Amakasu Raposo de Medeiros. (2015) “China’s and Japan’s
Foreign Aid Policies vis-à-vis Lusophone Africa,” Africa Spectrum, 50 (3), pp. 49-79.

Casanova, Carlos and Alicia Garcia-Herrero. (2016) “Africa’s Rising Commodity Export
Dependency on China,” BBVA working paper no. 16/09 (May). See at
http://www.iberchina.org/files/2016/China-Africa_bbva.pdf.

Casanova, Carlos and Ruben Nizard. (2017) China-Africa: Will the Marriage of
Convenience Last? Coface Economic Publications (November). See at
https://www.tralac.org/news/article/12395-china-s-ambitions-in-sub-saharan-africa-
efforts-to-rebalance-bilateral-relations-still-needed.html.

Cassell, Donald L. (2013) “China’s Role in African Agriculture,” Bridges Africa, 2 (6),
pp. 18-20.

Castellani, Luca, Pang Zhongying, and Ian Taylor (eds.). (2007) China outside China:
China in Africa. Torino, Italy: Centro di Alti Studi Sulla Cina Contemporanea.

Castillo, Roberto. (2014) “Feeling at Home in the ‘Chocolate City’: An Exploration of

Place-making Practices and Structures of Belonging amongst Africans in Guangzhou,”
Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 15 (2), pp. 235-257.

__________. (2015) “Landscapes of Aspiration in Guangzhou’s African Music Scene:

Beyond the Trading Narrative,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44 (4), pp. 83-115.

__________. (2016) “‘Homing’ Guangzhou: Emplacement, Belonging and Precarity

among Africans in China,” International Journal of Cultural Studies, 19 (May), pp. 287-
306.

Ceccagno, Antonella and Sofia Graziani. (2016) “Chinese Volunteering in Africa:

Drivers, Issues and Future Prospects,” Annali di Ca’ Foscari, 52, pp. 297-333.
 41

Centre for Chinese Studies. Stellenbosch University. (2006) “China’s Interest and
Activity in Africa’s Construction and Infrastructure Sectors,” study prepared for DFID
China, pp. 1-110. See at www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/chinese-investment-
africa-full.pdf.

__________. (2007) “China’s Engagement of Africa: Preliminary Scoping of African

Case Studies Angola, Ethiopia, Gabon, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia,” study prepared
for the Rockefeller Foundation, pp. 1-208. See at www.ccs.org.za/research.html.

__________. (2010) “Evaluating China’s FOCAC Commitments to Africa and Mapping

the Way Ahead,” study prepared for the Rockefeller Foundation, pp. 1-225. See at
www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ENGLISH-Evaluating-Chinas-FOCAC-
commitments-to-Africa-2010.pdf.

__________ and The Development Bank of Southern Africa. (2008) “China as a Driver
of Regional Integration in Africa: Prospects for the Future,” 31 March – 1 April
Conference Report. See at www.ccs.org.za/downloads/DBSA%20Conference
%20Report.pdf.

Cha, Victor D. (2008) “Beijing’s Olympic-Sized Catch-22,” The Washington Quarterly,

31 (3), pp. 105-123.

Chai, Winberg (ed). (1972) The Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China.
New York: Capricorn Books.

Chakrabarti, Sukalpa and Ishita Ghosh. (2014) “FDI in Africa: A Comparison of the
Indian and Chinese Experience,” Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 157, pp.
340-352. See at http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042814058583/1-s2.0-S1877042814058583-
main.pdf?_tid=5968bd6e-d8dd-11e6-bd67-
00000aacb362&acdnat=1484235768_8a2f9215410ddd3b60bd8c371913967a.

Chakrabarty, Malancha. (2016) “Ethiopia-China Economic Relations: A Classic Win-Win

Situation?” World Review of Political Economy, 7 (2), pp. 226-248.

Chakrabarty, Malancha. (2016) “Growth of Chinese Trade and Investment Flows in DR

Congo – Blessing or Curse?” Review of African Political Economy, 43 (147), pp. 116-
130.

Chakravarti, Raghubir. (1964) “Chou En-Lai in Africa,” Foreign Affairs Reports (March),
pp. 33-36.

Chaliand, Gérard. (1982) The Struggle for Africa: Conflict of the Great Powers. New
York: St. Martin’s Press.

Challa, Nathanael. (2015) Assessment of Freight Transport and Transportation

Infrastructures Along International Trade Route: The Case of China – Djibouti –
 42

Ethiopia,” MS thesis in the Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa University

(April). See at http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/8004/1/Nathanael
%20Challa.pdf.

Chama, Brian. (2010) “Economic Development at the Cost of Human Rights: China
Nonferrous Metal Industry in Zambia,” Human Rights Brief 17 (2), pp. 2-7. See at
http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1113&context=hrbrief.

Chan, Cheryl. (2007) “China in Africa-Spreading the Wealth,” Canada Asia

Commentary, no. 44 (March), pp. 1-8. See at
www.asiapacific.ca/analysis/pubs/pdfs/commentary/cac44.pdf.

Chan, Lai-Ha and Pak K. Lee. (2017) Power, Ideas and Institutions: China’s Emergent
Footprints in Global Governance of Development Aid. Centre for the Study of
Globalisation and Regionalisation working paper 281/17. See at
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres/csgr/papers/281-17.pdf.

Chan, Stephen. (1985) “China’s Foreign Policy and Africa: The Rise and Fall of China’s
Three World’s Theory,” The Round Table, no. 296, pp. 376-384.

__________. (2010) “African and Chinese Relations: A Future View,” Focus, issue 58
(September), pp. 52-54.

__________(ed). (2013) The Morality of China in Africa: The Middle Kingdom and the
Dark Continent. London: Zed Books.

Chandra, Kevin. (2017) “Epistemology in the Study of China-Africa Relations,” SSRN

paper. See at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3089801.

Chan-Fishel, Michelle. (2007) “Time to Go Green: Environmental Responsibility in the

Chinese Banking Sector,” study sponsored by Friends of the Earth US and Bank Track
(May), pp. 1-102. See at www.foe.org/pdf/Chinese_Bank_Report_5-9-07.pdf.

__________ and Roxanne Lawson. (2007) “Quid pro Quo? China’s Investment-for-
Resource Swaps in Africa,” Development, 50 (3), pp. 63-68.

Chang, Andrei. (2009) “China Expanding African Arms Sales,” UPI Asia Online (26
January). See at
www.upiasia.com/Security/2009/01/26/china_expanding_african_arms_sales/1148/?
view=print.

Chang, Janny. (2014) A Matter of Trust: Three Case Studies of Chinese and Zambian
Relationships at the Workplace. PhD dissertation, Columbia University.
 43

Chang, Kuei-Sheng. (1970) “Africa and the Indian Ocean Maps of the Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Centuries,” Imago Mundi, 24, pp. 21-30.

Chang Qing. (1989) “Chinese Foreign Minister Tours Africa,” Beijing Review, 32 (35),
pp. 10-11.

Chang, Sen-dou. (1968) “The Distribution and Occupations of Overseas Chinese,”

Geographical Review, 58 (1), 89-107.

Changsong Niu. (2013) “China’s Educational Cooperation with Africa: Toward New
Strategic Partnerships,” Asian Education and Development Studies 3 (1), pp. 31-45.

Changsong Niu and Jing Liu. (2016) “Positioning China’s Aid to Educational
Development in Africa: Past, Present, and Post-2015,” in Shoko Yamada (ed.). Post-
Education-Forall and Sustainable Development Paragigm: Structural Changes with
Diversifying Actors and Norms (International Perspectives on Education and Society),
vol 29, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 269-299.

Chappatte, André. (2014) “Chinese Products, Social Mobility and Material Modernity in
Bougouni, a Small but Fast-growing Administrative Town of Southwest Mali,” African
Studies, 73 (1), pp. 22-40.

Chatelard, Solange Guo and Jessica M. Chu. (2015) “Chinese Agricultural Engagements
in Zambia: A Grassroots Analysis,” The SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative policy
brief no. 4 (January), pp. 1-6.

Chau, Donovan C. (2007) “Assistance of a Different Kind: Chinese Political Warfare in

Ghana, 1958-1966,” Comparative Strategy, 26 (2), pp. 141-161.

__________. (2007) “Political Warfare in Sub-Saharan Africa: U.S. Capabilities and

Chinese Operations in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa,” (March), pp. 1-75.
See at www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub766.pdf.

__________. (2014) Exploiting Africa: The Influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana,
and Tanzania. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.

Chaziza, Mordechai. (2016) “Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: A New State in

China-Egypt Relations,” Middle East Review of International Affairs, 20 (3), Winter, pp.
41-50. See at http://www.rubincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/04_Chaziza.pdf.

__________. (2018) “China’s Mediation Efforts in the Middle East and North Africa:
Constructive Conflict Management,” Strategic Analysis, 42 (1), pp. 29-41.

Cheelo, Caesar, Pamela Nakamba-Kabaso, and Zhun Che. (2016) China-Africa Trade
Developments and Impacts: Case of China-Zambia Relations. Zambia Institute for Policy
Analysis and Research (November). See at http://www.zipar.org.zm/resource-
 44

centre/publications/file/38-china-africa-trade-and-investment-relations-case-of-china-
zambia.

Chemingui, Mohamed A. and Mohamed H. Bchir. (2010) “The Future of African Trade
with China under Alternative Trade Liberalization Schemes,” African Development
Review, 22 (December supplement), pp. 562-576.

Chen, Anna Ying. (2009) China’s Role in Infrastructure Development in Botswana.

SAIIA occasional paper no. 44 (September). See at
http://dspace.africaportal.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/29572/1/SAIIA%20Occasional
%20Paper%2044.pdf?1.

Chen, Chien-Kai. (2016) “China in Africa: A Threat to African Countries?” Strategic

Review for Southern Africa, 38 (2), pp. 100-122.

Chen, Chuan and Ryan Orr. (2009) “Chinese Contractors in Africa: Home Government
Support, Coordination Mechanisms, and Market Entry Strategies,” Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, 135 (11), pp. 1201-1210.

Chen, Chuan, Pi-Chu Chiu, Ryan J. Orr, and Andrea Goldstein. (2007) “An Empirical
Analysis of Chinese Construction Firms’ Entry into Africa,” paper presented at the
Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 8-13 August,
Sydney, Australia. See at
www.cepil.fr/anglaisgraph/communications/pdf/2007/190907/goldsteinS4.pdf.

Chen, Chuan, Andrea Goldstein, and Ryan J. Orr. (2009) “Local Operations of Chinese
Construction Firms in Africa: An Empirical Survey,” The International Journal of
Construction Management, pp. 75-89. See at
https://gpc.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/j014_0.pdf.

Chen-ch’ang, Chiang. (1989) “Anti-African Student Incidents in Mainland China,”

Issues and Studies, 25 (2), pp. 9-11.

Chen Dongxiao. (2008) “Contemporary Challenges to China’s Multilateral Diplomacy

and Global Governance—A Chinese Perspective,” International Review. See at
http://www.siis.org.cn/Sh_Yj_Cms/Mgz/200804/200932615537BJZ8.PDF.

Chen Huiping. (2013) “Recent Approaches in China’ BITs and Impact on African
Countries,” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law),
107, pp. 228-230.

Chen Huiping. (2016) “China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative and Its Implcations for
Sino-African Investment Relations,” Transnational Corporations Review, 8 (3), pp. 178-
182.
 45

Chen, Kevin Z., Claire Hsu and Shenggen Fan. (2014) “Steadying the Ladder: China’s
Agricultural and Rural Development Engagement in Africa,” China Agricultural
Economic Review, 6 (1), pp. 2-20.

Chen, Wenjie, David Dollar, and Heiwai Tang. (2015) “Why Is China Investing in
Africa? Evidence from the Firm Level,” (August), pp. 1-30. See at
www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2015/08/why-is-china-investing-in-africa.

Chen, Wenjie and Roger Nord. (2017) “A Rebalancing Act for China and Africa: The
Effects of China’s Rebalancing on Sub-Saharan Africa’s Trade and Growth,” IMF (7
April). See at https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-
Papers/Issues/2017/04/07/A-Rebalancing-Act-for-China-and-Africa-The-Effects-of-
Chinas-Rebalancing-on-Sub-Saharan-44711.

Chen, Yu-Wen and Niall Duggan. (2016) “Soft Power and Tourism: A Study on Chinese
Outbound Tourism to Africa,” Journal of China and International Relations, 4 (1), pp.
45-66. See at https://journals.aau.dk/index.php/jcir/article/view/1514.

Chen Zhimin and Jian Junbo. (2009) “Chinese Provinces as Foreign Policy Actors in
Africa,” Occasional Paper No. 22, South African Institute of International Affairs
(January), pp. 1-26.

Chen Zhimin, Jian Junbo and Chen Diyu. (2010) “The Provinces and China’s Multi-
layered Diplomacy: The Cases of GMS and Africa,” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 5,
pp. 331-356.

Cheng, J. Chester (ed.). (1966) The Politics of the Chinese Red Army. Stanford: The
Hoover Institution.

Cheng, Joseph Yu-shek and Huangao Shi. (2015) “China’s African Policy – Increasing
Importance and Active Adjustments,” Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and
Strategic Relations: An International Journal, 1 (3), December, pp 551-608. See at
http://icaps.nsysu.edu.tw/ezfiles/122/1122/img/2375/CCPS1(3)-Cheng-Shi.pdf.

__________. (2018) “China’s African Policy: Increasing Importance and Active

Adjustments,” in Multilateral Approach in China’s Foreign Policy by Joseph Yu-Shek
Cheng. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 587-645.

Cheng, Leonard K. (2007) “China’s Outward FDI: Past and Future,” unpublished paper.
See at: www.nber.org/books_in_progress/china07/cwt07/cheng.pdf.

Cheng Tao. (2012) “New Circumstances and New Challenges for Sino-African
Relations,” Foreign Affairs Journal, issue 106 (Winter), pp. 68-80.
 46

Cheru, Fantu. (2007) “Love at First Sight! Or Confused Priorities? Decoding the
Evolving China-Africa Relations,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3.
See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/83.pdf.

__________. (2016) “Emerging Southern Powers and New Forms of South-South

Cooperation: Ethiopia’s Strategic Engagement with China and India,” Third World
Quarterly, 37 (4), pp. 592-610.

__________ and Cyril Obi, eds. (2010) The Rise of China and India in Africa. London:
Zed Books.

__________. (2011) “Chinese and Indian Engagement in Africa: Competitive or

Mutually Reinforcing Strategies,” Journal of International Affairs, 64 (2), pp. 91-110.

Cheru, Fantu and Renu Modi. (2013) Agricultural Development and Food Security in
Africa: The Impact of Chinese, Indian and Brazilian Investments. London: Zed
Books.

Cheung, Yin-Wong, Jakob de Haan, Xingwang Qian, and Shu Yu. (2012) “China’s
Outward Direct Investment in Africa,” Review of International Economics 20 (2) May,
pp. 201-220.

Cheung, Yin-Wong, Jakob de Haan, Xingwang Qian, and Shu Yu. (2013) “China’s
Investments in Africa,” in The Evolving Role of China in the Global Economy ed. by Yin-
Wong Cheung and Jakob de Haan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 419-444.

Cheung, Yin-Wong, Jakob de Haan, Xingwang Qian, and Shu Yu. (2014) “The Missing
Link: China’s Contracted Engineering Projects in Africa,” Review of Development
Economics,18 (3) August, pp. 564-580.

Chew, Emrys. (2007) “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: The Indian Ocean and the
Maritime Balance of Power in Historical Perspective,” unpublished paper (25 October),
pp. 1-21. See at www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/workingpapers/wp144.pdf.

Chibundu, Victor Nwaozichi. (2000) Nigeria-China Foreign Relations (1960-1999).

Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.

__________. (2003) Foreign Policy: With Particular Reference to Nigeria (1961-2002).

Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.

Chichava, Sérgio. (2014) “Chinese Agricultural Investment in Mozambique: The Case of

the Wanbao Rice Farm,” SAIS-CARI Policy Brief, no. 2 (November), pp. 1-6.

__________. (2015) “Mozambican Elite in a Chinese Rice ‘Friendship’: An

Ethnographic Study of the Xai-Xai Irrigation Scheme,” Future Agricultures working
paper no. 111 (February).
 47

Chichava, Sérgio and Chris Alden. (2012) A Mamba e o Dragão: Relações Moçambique-
China em Perspectiva. IESE/SAIIA monograph. See at
www.iese.ac.mz/lib/publication/livros/MozChin/IESE_MozaChi_web.pdf.

Chichava, Sérgio, Lara Côrtes, and Aslak Orre. (2014) The Coverage of China in the
Mozambican Press: Implications for Chinese Soft-Power. Paper presented at the
international conference on China and Africa Media, Communications and Public
Diplomacy in Beijing on 10-11 September. See at https://www.cmi.no/file/2954-.pdf.

Chichava, Sérgio and Natalia N. Fingermann. (2015) “Chinese and Brazilian Agricultural
Models in Mozambique. The Case of the Chinese Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centre
and of the Brazilian ProALIMENTOS Programme,” Future Agricultures working paper no. 112
(February).

Chichava, Sérgio et al. (2013) “Chinese and Brazilian Cooperation with African Agriculture:
The Case of Mozambique,” China and Brazil in African Agriculture Working Paper 049, Future
Agricultures. See at www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/7817-china-and-brazil-in-africa-
new-papers.

__________. (2013) “Brazil and China in Mozambican Agriculture: Emerging Insights from the
Field,” IDS Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 101-115.

Chien-Kai, Chen. (2016) “China in Africa: A Threat to African Countries?” Strategic Review for
Southern Africa, 38 (2), pp. 100-122. See at http://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/85/Strategic
%20Review/Vol%2038(2)/chen-pp100-122.zp104540.pdf.

Chileshe, Chilufya. (2010) “Chinese Debt, Aid and Trade: Opportunity or Threat for
Zambia,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 72 (December). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_72_chileshe_2010121
4.pdf.

China Daily. (2015) Chinese Enterprises in Africa 2015. Beijing: China Intercontinental
Press.

China. Ministry of Commerce. (2007) “The Economic and Trade Relations between
China and African Countries in 2006,” in China Commerce Yearbook 2007. Beijing:
China Commerce and Trade Press, pp. 614-616.

China. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2000) “Programme for China-Africa Co-operation in

Economic and Social Development” (November 17). See at
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/2649/t15777.htm.

__________. (2006) “China’s African Policy,” white paper dated January 12. See at
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t230615.htm.
 48

__________. (2008) “Implementation of Follow-up Actions of the Beijing Summit of the

Forum on China-Africa Cooperation,” (May). See at
www.focac.org/eng/zxxx/t459449.htm.

__________. (2008) Reports on relations with individual countries in sub-Saharan Africa

and North Africa. See at www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq/2913/default.htm and
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq/2797/default.htm.

__________. (2009) “Implementation of the Follow-up Actions of the Beijing Summit of

the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation,” (November). See at
www.focac.org/eng/dsjbzjhy/hywj/t627504.htm.

__________. (2015) “China’s Second Africa Policy Paper,” white paper dated 4
December 2015. See at http://news.xinhuanet.com/enclish/2015-
12/04/c_134886545.htm.

__________. (2015) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Johannesburg Action Plan

(2016-2018),” 10 December 2015. See at http://www.chinese-
embassy.org.za/eng/znjl/t1323229.htm.

China. Ministry of Land and Resources. (2017) China-Arab States Cooperation on

Geological Survey (2017). China Geological Survey (31 August). See at
http://www.cgs.gov.cn/ddztt/jqthd/alabo/cgzs/201709/P020170908626481654822.pdf.

China. State Council. (2005) “China’s Peaceful Development Road,” white paper dated
12 December. See at www.china.org.cn/english/features/book/152684.htm.

China. State Council. (2009) China’s National Defense in 2008. January white paper
released in Beijing. See at http://merln.ndu.edu/whitepapers/China_English2008.pdf.

__________. (2013) The Diversified Employment of China’s Armed Forces. April white
paper released in Beijing. See at www.eng.mod.gov.cn/Database/WhitePapers/index.htm.

China-Africa Business Council. (2006) “China Africa Business Council Annual Progress
Report 2006.” See at www.undp.org.cn/monitordocs/43576.pdf.

China-Africa Think Tanks Forum. (2012) The 2nd Meeting of the China-Africa Think
Tanks Forum. Bishoftu, Ethiopia: 12-13 October. See at www.ipss-
addis.org/sites/default/files/IPSS_China-Africa_Think_Tanks_Forum_Final%20(2).pdf. .

China. State Council Information Office (2004) “China’s National Defense in 2004.” See
at http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/whitepaper/defense2004/defense2004.html.

__________. (2007) “White Paper on Energy.” See at

www.china.org.cn/english/environment/236955.htm.
 49

__________. (2010) “China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation,” (December). See

at http://english1.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/7240530.html.

__________. (2011) “China’s Foreign Aid.” (April). See at

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-04/21/c_13839683.htm.

__________. (2013) “China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation,” (August). See at

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LzjTPOnfH4Mzriq4FthXPDcIYT8F01ioh_E0ozY
cSHE/edit?pli=1.

Chinese-African People’s Friendship Association. (1961) The Chinese People Resolutely

Support the Just Struggle of the African People. Peking: Foreign Languages Press.

Chingono, Heather. (2010) “Zimbabwe’s ‘Look East’ Policy,” The China Monitor, pp. 4-
8.

Chinguwo, Paliani. (2008) Study on Chinese Investments in Africa: The Case of Malawi.
Report for the Africa Labour Research Network (August). See at
https://rebeccachimjeka.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/study-on-chinese-investments-in-
africa-the-case-of-malawi.pdf.

Chintu, Namukale and Peter J. Williamson. (2013) “Chinese State-owned Enterprises in

Africa: Myths and Realities,” Ivey Business Journal (March/April). See at
www.iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/global-business/chinese-state-owned-enterprises-in-
africa-myths-and-realities#.UgUmEvrD85g.

Chirambo, Dumisani. (2016) “Moving Past the Rhetoric: Policy Considerations that Can
Make Sino-African Relations To Improve Africa’s Climate Change Resilience and the
Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals,” Science Direct 7, pp. 253-263. See
at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674927816300259.

Chisoni, Godfrey. (2015) “The Influence of Chinese Culture on Learning Chinese as a

Second Language: A Case Study of Zimbabwean Students Learning Chinese as a Second
Language,” International Journal of Language and Linguistics 3 (2), pp. 33-39. See at
http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20150302.11.pdf.

Chitando, Ezra, Amanda Madzokere, and Charity Manyeruke. (2014) “The Concept of
Reciprocity in Zimbabwean and Chinese Cultures: Laying a Solid Foundation for
International Relations,” Global Review (winter). See at
http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1723.

Choedon, Yeshi. (2015) “Chinese Combat Troops Join UN Peacekeeping Operations in

South Sudan: A New Beginning?” Institute of Chinese Studies Analysis, no. 25 (January).
See at
http://www.icsin.org/uploads/2015/04/12/b5d84f4fb39433e918fcaca5dac51e31.pdf.
 50

Christensen, Benedicte Vibe. (2010) “China in Africa: A Macroeconomic Perspective,”

Center for Global Development Working Paper 230 (November), pp. 1-28. See at
www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424567/.

Christensen, Thomas J. and James Swan. (2008) “China in Africa: Implications for U.S.
Policy,” Statement before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee (4 June). See at www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2008/06/105556.htm.

Christoffersen, Gaye. (2010) “China and Maritime Cooperation: Piracy in the Gulf of
Aden,” in Comprehensive Security in the Asia-Pacific Region ed. by Hari Singh and
Colin Dürkop, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, pp. 140-184. See at
http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_23030-1522-2-30.pdf?110608102615.

Christopher, A.J. (1992) “Ethnicity, Community and the Census in Mauritius, 1830-
1930,” The Geographical Journal, 158 (1), pp. 57-64.

Christy, Bryan. (2012) “Ivory Worship,” National Geographic, 222 (4), pp. 28-61.

Chu Jung-fu. (1954) “Foreign Relations of New China during the Past Five Years,” World
Culture (5 October). Translated by American Consulate General Hong Kong and
transmitted as airgram no. 307 dated 6 December 1954.

Chung, Kuan. (1977) A Case Study of Chinese Communist Subversive Activity in Africa—
Relations between Red China and Ghana (11964-1966). Taipei: World Anti-Communist
League.

Chunhao Lou. (2012) “US-India-China Relations in the Indian Ocean: A Chinese

Perspective,” Strategic Analysis, 36 (4), pp. 624-639.

Cissé, Daouda. (2012) “Chinese Telecom Companies Foray into Africa,” The China
Monitor (March), issue 69, pp. 16-23.

__________. (2012) “FOCAC: Trade, Investments and Aid in China-Africa Relations,”

Centre for Chinese Studies Policy Briefing, (May), pp. 1-4. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/FOCAC_Policy-Briefing_tradeinvest_final.pdf.

__________. (2012) “‘Going Global’ in Growth Markets – Chinese Investments in

Telecommunications in Africa,” Center for Chinese Study Policy Briefing, Stellenbosch
University (April), pp. 1-4. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2012/04/Telecom_Policy_Briefing_final.pdf.

__________. (2013) A Portrait of Chinese Traders in Dakar, Senegal. Migration

Information Source (18 July). See at https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/portrait-
chinese-traders-dakar-senegal.
 51

__________. (2013) “China’s Engagement in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges for

Africa,” The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 72-90.

__________. (2013) “Establishing China-Africa Linkages: Knowledge Networks and

Research Agendas,” SSRC, paper presented at Yale University. See at http://china-
africa.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Ciss%C3%A9-Final.pdf.

__________. (2013) “South-South Migration and Sino-African Small Traders: A

Comparative Study of Chinese in Senegal and Africans in China,” African Review of
Economics and Finance, 5 (1), pp.17-28.

__________. (2015) “African Traders in Yiwu: Their Trade Networks and Their Role in
the Distribution of ‘Made in China’ Products in Africa,” The Journal of Pan African
Studies, 7 (10), May, pp. 44-64.

__________. (2015) “China’s Economic Transformation – What Lessons Can Africa

Learn?” in The Rise and Decline and Rise of China: Searching for an Organising
Philosophy ed. by Hester du Plessis. Johannesburg: Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic
Reflection, pp. 205-251.

__________. (2015) “Developing Global Partnership for Development: Chinese

Investments in Africa and Impacts on Sustainable Development” in Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) in Retrospect: Africa’s Development Beyond 2015, ed. by
Nathan Andrews, Nene Ernest Khalema, and N’Dri T. Assié-Lumumba. Cham,
Switzerland: Springer, pp. 209-227.

__________. (2015) Globalisation and Sustainable Africa-China Trade: What Role Play
the African Regional Organisations? Nordiska Afrikainstitutet occasional paper. See at
http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:782298/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

__________, Ross Anthony, Meryl Burgess, and Harrie Esterhuyse. (2014) “African
Regional Economic Communities’ Engagement with China,” Centre for Chinese Studies,
Stellenbosch University policy briefing (September), pp. 1-4.

__________ and Sven Grimm. (2015) “Chinese Investments in Africa: Corporate

Responsibility and Sustainability Norms,” International Journal of Business Governance
and Ethics, 10 (3/4), pp. 285-304.

Cissé, Mbaye. (2007) “L’affirmation d’une Stratégie de Puissance: La Politique Africaine

de la Chine.” See at www.diploweb.com/forum/chine07102.htm.

Claassen, Carike. (2011) The State of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Africa.
Master of Commerce, North-West University. See at
https://repository.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/6281/Claassen_C.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
 52

Clapham, Christopher. (2006) “Fitting China In,” Brenthurst Discussion Papers, no. 8,
pp. 1-6. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commissioned_Reports/BD0608_Fitt
ing_China_in_Africa.pdf.

Clemens, Morgan. (2015) The Maritime Silk Road and the PLA, paper delivered at a
CNA conference in Arlington, Virginia on 28-29 July. See at
https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/maritime-silk-road.pdf.

Clemens, Walter C., Jr. (1968) The Arms Race and Sino-Soviet Relations. Stanford:
Stanford University.

Clifford, Edward. (2015) “An Export to Arms: Is China’s Weapons Trade as Menacing as
It Seems?” Brown Political Review (6 November). See at
www.brownpoliticalreview.org/2015/11/export-to-arm-is-chinas-weapons-trade-as-
menacing-as-it-seems/.

Clifford-Vaughan, F. McA. (1978) “The Communist Powers and Africa,” International

Affairs Bulletin (South Africa), 2 (3), pp. 16-23.

Clos, Max. (1965) “The Chinese Role in the Congo: Fact or Fiction?” Africa Report, 10
(1), pp. 18-19.

Close, Alexandra. (1965) “Aid from the Aidless,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 49 (5),
pp. 214-216 & 221.

Coebergh, Lara. (2014) The Fine Line of Chinese Recognition: A Case Study on
Somaliland and South Sudan. MA thesis, University of Amsterdam. See at
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43496496.pdf.

Cohn, Daniel J. (2008) “Sino-Senegalese Relations: Implications for American Policy,”

senior thesis, George Washington University, pp. 1-35.

Collins, Gabe and Andrew S. Erickson. (2011) “Implications of China’s Military

Evacuation of Citizens from Libya,” China Brief, 11 (4), pp. 8-10.

Compagnon, Daniel and Audrey Alejandro. (2013) “China’s External Environmental

Policy: Understanding China’s Environmental Impact in Africa and How It Is
Addressed,” Environmental Practice, 15 (3), pp. 220-227.

Comte, Gilbert. (1971) “Peking Shows its New African Look,” Africa Report, 16 (3), pp.
19-21.

Condon, Madison. (2012) “China in Africa: What the Policy of Nonintervention Adds to
the Western Development Dilemma,” PRAXIS: The Fletcher Journal of Human Security,
27, pp. 5-25.
 53

Congo (Democratic Republic). (2007) French language text of “Protocole d’Accord”

between the DRC’s Ministry of Infrastructure, Public Works and Reconstruction and a
consortium of Chinese enterprises, including the Export Import Bank of China, China
Railway Engineering Corporation and SINOHYDRO. Signed 17 September in Kinshasa.
See at www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.GRALACE&n=65909.

__________. (2008) French and Chinese language text of “Convention de Collaboration”

between the DRC’s Ministry of Infrastructure, Public Works and Reconstruction and a
consortium of Chinese enterprises, including the China Railway Group Limited and
SINOHYDRO. Signed 22 April 2008. See at www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?
c=.GRALACE&n=65909.

Coniglio, Sergio. (2004) “China’s Aviation – A Military and Industrial Perspective,”

Military Technology, 28 (11), pp. 14-21.

Conrad, Björn, Mercedes Fernandez and Bamshad Houshyani. (2011) Towards an

Energizing Partnership? Exploring China’s Role as Catalyst of Renewable Energy
Development in Africa, Global Public Policy Institute, 10 March. See at
www.gppi.net/fileadmin/media/pub/2011/conrad-et-al_2011_sino-african-energy-
relations.pdf.

Conteh-Morgan, Earl. (2015) “China’s Worldview and Representations of Its Engagement

with Africa,” ASPJ Africa & Francophonie, 3rd Quarter, pp. 16-34. See at
http://www.au.af.mil/au/afri/aspj/apjinternational/aspj_f/digital/pdf/articles/2015_3/conte
hmorgan_e.pdf.

__________. (2017) “China’s Arms Sales in Africa,” Sustainable Security (19 April).
See at https://sustainablesecurity.org/2017/04/19/chinas-arms-sales-in-africa/.

Conteh-Morgan, Earl and Patti Weeks. (2016) “Is China Playing a Contradictory Role in
Africa? Security Implications of Its Arms Sales and Peacekeeping,” Global Security and
Intelligence Studies, 2 (1), Fall, pp. 81-102. See at
http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=gsis.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. (2007) “Monitoring of Illegal

Trade in Ivory and Other Elephant Specimens,” Fourteenth meeting of the Conference of
the Parties in The Hague, 3-15 June, pp. 1-60. See at www.cites.org/cop/14/E14-53-
2.pdf.

Cook, Sarah and Wing Lam. (2009) “The Financial Crisis and China: What Are the
Implications for Low Income Countries?” unpublished paper prepared for the Institute of
Development Studies at the University of Sussex (22 May). See at
www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/0320_china_financial_crisis/0320_china_
financial_crisis_remarks.pdf.
 54

Cook, Seth and Dawit Alemu. (2015) “Jumping into the Sea: Chinese Migrants’
Engagement in Non-Traditional Agricultural Commodities in Ethiopia,” Future
Agricultures working paper 121 (July).

Cook, Seth, Jixia Lu, Henry Tugendhat, and Dawit Alemu. (2016) “Chinese Migrants in
Africa: Facts and Fictions from the Agri-Food Sector in Ethiopia and Ghana,” World
Development, 81, pp. 61-70.

Cooke, Jennifer (ed.). (2008) U.S. and Chinese Engagement in Africa: Prospects for
Improving U.S.-China-Africa Cooperation. Washington: Center for Strategic and
International Studies, pp. 1-61.

__________. (2009) “China’s Soft Power in Africa,” in Chinese Soft Power and Its
Implications for the United States, Carola McGiffert, ed. (Washington: Center for
Strategic and International Studies), pp. 27-44.

Cooley, John K. (1965) East Wind over Africa: Red China’s African Offensive. New York:
Walker and Company.

Cooper, Andrew F. and Thomas Fues. (2008) “Do the Asian Drivers Pull Their
Diplomatic Weight? China, India, and the United Nations,” World Development, 36 (2),
pp. 293-307.

Copper, John F. (1976) China’s Foreign Aid: An Instrument of Peking’s Foreign Policy.
Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

__________. (1977) “China’s Foreign Aid in 1976,” Current Scene, 15 (6-7), pp. 12-23.

__________. (1981) China’s Foreign Aid in 1979-80. Baltimore: School of Law

University of Maryland.

__________. (1983) “China’s Military Assistance,” in Communist Nations’ Military

Assistance ed. by John F. Copper and Daniel S. Papp. Boulder: Westview Press Inc., pp.
96-134.

__________. (1986) “The PRC and the Third World: Rhetoric versus Reality,” Issues and
Studies, 22 (3), pp. 107-125.

Copson, Raymond W. (2006) “China’s Growing Role in Africa,” Washington Journal of

Modern China, 8 (1), pp. 14-23.

__________, Kerry Dumbaugh and Michelle Lau. (2005) “China and Sub-Saharan
Africa,” CRS Report for Congress, RL33055 (29 August), pp. 1-18.

Cordano, Diego. (2014) “China’s Role in Africa’s Conflicts: Military Cooperation, Arms
Transfers and Involvement in Peacekeeping Operations.” Polity (14 April). See at
 55

http://www.polity.org.za/article/chinas-role-in-africas-conflicts-military-cooperation-
arms-transfers-and-involvement-in-peacekeeping-operations-2014-04-14.

Corkin, Lucy. (2006) “Chinese Multinational Corporations in Africa,” Inside AISA, nos. 3
and 4 (October/December), pp. 10-13.

__________. (2007) “China’s Contribution to the Development of African Infrastructure

through Investment in the Extractive Industries,” AFRODAD Occasional Papers, no. 8
(December). See at www.ccs.org.za/downloads/China%20Occasional%20Paper.pdf.

__________. (2007) “The Strategic Entry of China’s Emerging Multinationals into

Africa,” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 309-322.

__________. (2008) “AERC Scoping Exercise on China-Africa Relations: The Case of

Angola,” report prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium (January). See
at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Angola.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Competition or Collaboration? Chinese and South African

Transnational Companies in Africa,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp.
128-134.

__________. (2009). “China, Africa and the Environment: A Briefing Paper on the
Forum on China-Africa Co-operation,” International Rivers (5 November). See at
www.internationalrivers.org/files/FOCAC%20Background%20paper.pdf.

__________. (2009) “China and the Macau Forum,” Pambazuka News (May 7). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/56116.

__________. (2009) “Unpacking Angola’s Beijing Connection,” Pambazuka News (31

January). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53758.

__________. (2011) “China and Angola: Strategic Partnership or Marriage of

Convenience?” Angola Brief, 1 (1), pp. 1-4.

__________. (2011) “Redefining Foreign Policy Impulses toward Africa: The Roles of
the MFA, the MOFCOM and China Exim Bank,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 40
(4), pp. 61-90.

__________. (2011) “Uneasy Allies: China’s Evolving Relations with Angola,” Journal
of Contemporary African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 169-180.

__________. (2012) Chinese Construction Companies in Angola: A Social Responsibility

Perspective. Heinrich Böll Foundation (March). See at
https://za.boell.org/sites/default/files/downloads/HBF_Research_Report_China_and_Ang
ola.pdf.
 56

__________. (2013) Uncovering African Agency: Angola’s Management of China’s

Credit Lines. Surrey, England: Ashgate.

__________. (2014) “China’s Rising Soft Power: The Role of Rhetoric in Constructing
China-Africa Relations,” Rev. Bras. Polit. Int., 57 (special edition), pp. 49-72. See at
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbpi/v57nspe/0034-7329-rbpi-57-spe-00049.pdf.

__________. (2015) “African Agency in the Context of China-Africa Relations,” African

East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, issue 1 & 2 (June), pp. 162-173.

__________, Christopher Burke and Martyn Davies. (2008) “China’s Role in the
Development of Africa’s Infrastructure,” SAIS Working Papers in African Studies, pp. 1-
20. See at www.sais-jhu.edu/bin/e/j/CorkinetalWorkingPaper.pdf.

Cornelissen, Scarlett and Ian Taylor. (2000) “The Political Economy of China and Japan’s
Relationship with Africa: A Comparative Perspective,” The Pacific Review, 13 (4), pp.
615-633.

Cotterrell and Adele Harmer. (2005) “Diversity in Donorship: The Changing Landscape
of Official Humanitarian Aid. Aid Donorship in Asia,” Humanitarian Policy Group
Background Paper (September). See at www.odi.org.uk/resource/download/304.pdf.

Cotula, Lorenzo, Sonja Vermeulen, Rebeca Leonard and James Keeley. (2009) “Land
Grab or Development Opportunity? Agricultural Investment and International Land Deals
in Africa,” Food and Agriculture Organization. See at
www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/KHII-7SE4R4/$File/full_report.pdf.

Cotula, Lorenzo, Xiaoxue Weng, Qianru Ma, and Peng Ren. (2016) China-Africa
Investment Treaties: Do They Work? International Institute for Environment and
Development, UK. See at http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17588IIED.pdf.

Counts, Robert. (1961) “Chinese Footprints in Somalia,” The Reporter, 24 (3), pp. 32-34.

Courmont, Barthélémy and Irving Lewis. (2007) “Chine-Afrique: Une Stratégie

Donnant-Donnant?” Défense Nationale et Sécurité Collective, 63 (1), pp. 103-110.

Cowaloosur, Honita. (2012) “Land Grab in New Garb: Chinese Special Economic Zones
in Africa,” African Identities, 12 (1), pp. 94-109.

Cowaloosur, Honita. (2015) Re-Inscribing Dependency: The Political Economy of

Mauritius Jinfei Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone Co. Ltd. Phd thesis, University
of St. Andrews. See at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30318698.pdf.

Cowaloosur, Honita. (2016) “Chinese Presence in Real Estate in South Africa and
Mauritius,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University (February), pp. 1-48.
 57

See at http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/CCS_Research-
Report_Chinese_Presence_South-Africa_Mauritius_Honita_Cowaloosur_2016.pdf.

Crawford, Gordon and Gabriel Botchwey. (2016) “Conflict, Collusion and Corruption in
Small-scale Gold Mining in Ghana: Chinese Miners and the State,” colloquium paper no.
48 (February). See at
http://www.iss.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/iss/Research_and_projects/Research_networks/ICA
S/48-ICAS_CP_Crawford_and_Botchwey.pdf.

Croll, Peter J., Andreas Lebzien and Wolf-Christian Paes. (2008) “‘Yellow Imperialism’
or ‘Successful Wealth Creation Formula’?” Bonn International Centre for Conversion
Focus, no. 7 (May), pp. 1-8.

Curtis, Devon. (2013) “China and the Insecurity of Development in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (DRC),” International Peacekeeping, pp. 1-19. See at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2013.853950.

Daddi, Ketema Meskela. (2009) Towards a Sustainable Counterbalanced Development:

Educational Cooperation between China and African Countries. Unpublished paper at
Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China (May). See at
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505350.pdf.

Dadvar, Beriwan. (2016) China’s Role in African Infrastructure Development –

Cooperation or Exploitation? MA thesis, Lund University. See at
http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=8891061&fileOId=8891062.

Dahle-Huse, Martine and Stephen L. Muyakwa. (2008) “China in Africa: Lending, Policy
Space and Governance,” report published by the Norwegian Campaign for Debt
Cancellation and the Norwegian Council for Africa, pp. 1-54. See at
www.eurodad.org/uploadedfiles/what’s_new/reports/china_in_africa.pdf.

Dai, Shen-Yu. (1974) China, the Superpowers and the Third World. Hong Kong: The
Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Daly, John C.K. (2008) “Feeding the Dragon: China’s Quest for African Minerals,”
China Brief, 8 (3), pp. 7-11.

Damak, Donia. (2018) “The Research to Remove Barriers between China and Tunisia in
the Shipping Field,” International Business Research, 11 (5), pp. 28-41. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323758665_The_Research_to_Remove_Barrier
s_Between_China_and_Tunisia_in_the_Shipping_Field.

Daniel, Gubak Happy and Samuel Maiwada. (2015) “Chinese Trade and Investment in
Nigeria’s Agricultural Sector: A Critical Analysis,” American International Journal of
 58

Social Science, 4 (2), April, pp. 277-287. See at

http://www.aijssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_2_April_2015/25.pdf.

Dannenberg, Peter, Yejoo Kim and Daniel Schiller. (2013) “Chinese Special Economic
Zones in Africa: A New Species of Globalisation?” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 2
(June), pp. 4-14.

Darracq, Vincent (2013) “L’un Plus Égal que l’Autre? Les Relations Économiques entre
l’Afrique du Sud et la Chine depuis 1994,” Note de l’IFRI (June). See at www.ifri.org/?
page=contribution-detail&id=7741.

Dart, Raymond A. (1939) “A Chinese Character as a Wall Motive in Rhodesia,” South

African Journal of Science, 36 (December), pp. 474-476.

Dash, Michael E. (1976) “Inroads into East Africa: The People’s Republic of China and
Tanzania,” Military Review, vol. 56 (April), pp. 58-64.

Datzberger, Simone. (2013) “China’s Silent Storm in Sierra Leone,” SAIIA Policy
Briefing 71 (August). See at www.saiia.org.za/policy-briefings/chinas-silent-storm-in-
sierra-leone.

Davidson, Basil. (1961) “China and Africa,” in Old Africa Rediscovered by Basil
Davidson. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., pp. 155-163.

Davies, Joanne E. (2011) “Washington’s Growth and Opportunity Act or Beijing’s

‘Overarching Brilliance’: Will African Governments Choose Neither?” Third World
Quarterly, 32 (6), pp. 1147-1163.

Davies, Ken. (2012) “Outward FDI from China and Its Policy Context, 2012,” Vale
Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment. See at
www.vcc.columbia.edu/files/vale/documents/China_OFDI_-_FINAL_-
_7_June_2012_3.pdf.

Davies, Martyn. (2007) “Special Economic Zones and Infrastructure Corridors: China’s
Development Model Comes to Africa,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch
University, internal paper (May), pp. 1-4.

__________. (2008) “China’s Developmental Model Comes to Africa,” Review of

African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 134-137.

__________. (2010) “How China Is Influencing Africa’s Development,” Background

Paper, OECD Development Centre (April). See at
www1.oecd.org/development/pgd/45068325.pdf.

__________. (2015) “China’s Special Economic Zone Model – The Fire-Starter of

Industrialisation in Africa?” in The Rise and Decline and Rise of China: Searching for an
 59

Organising Philosophy ed. by Hester du Plessis. Johannesburg: Mapungubwe Institute for

Strategic Reflection, pp. 385-399.

__________. (2015) “What China’s Economic Shift Means for Africa,” World Economic
Forum (11 March). See at https://agenda.weforum.org/2015/03/what-the-shift-in-chinas-
economy-means-for-africa/.

__________, Hannah Edinger, Nastasya Tay and Sanusha Naidu. (2008) “How China
Delivers Development Assistance to Africa,” monograph prepared by the Centre for
Chinese Studies, University of Stellenbosch, February, pp. 1-68. See at
www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/china-dev-africa.pdf.

__________, Peter Draper and Hannah Edinger. (2014) “Changing China, Changing
Africa: Future Contours of an Emerging Relationship,” Asian Economic Policy Review,
9, pp. 180-197.

Davies, Penny. (2007) “China and the End of Poverty in Africa – Towards Mutual
Benefit?” report produced by the Swedish Development Aid Organization Dikonia in
collaboration with European Network on Debt and Development, pp. 1-114. See at
www.diakonia.se/documents/public/NEWS/China_and_the_end_of_poverty_in_Africa_2
.pdf.

Davis, Carmel. (2009) “AFRICOM’s Relationship to Oil, Terrorism and China,” Orbis,
53 (1), January, pp. 122-136.

Davis, Jonathan E. (2011) “From Ideology to Pragmatism: China’s Position on

Humanitarian Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era,” Vanderbilt Journal of
Transnational Law, 44 (2), pp. 217-283.

Davis, Steve and Jonathan Woetzel. (2010) “Making the Most of Chinese Aid to Africa,”
McKinsey Quarterly (June), 1-6. See at www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Africa/Making-the-
most-of-Chinese-aid-to-Africa_2609.

Dawit Alemu. (2013) “Chinese and Brazilian Cooperation with African Agriculture: The
Case of Ethiopia,” China and Brazil in African Agriculture Working Paper 050, Future
Agricultures. See at www.future-agricultures.org/reseach/cbaa/7817-china-and-brazil-in-
africa-new-papers.

Dawit Alemu and Ian Scoones. (2013) “Negotiating New Relationships: How the
Ethiopian State is Involving China and Brazil in Agriculture and Rural Development,”
IDS Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 91-100.

Dawit Alemu, Seth Cook and Qi Gubo. (2015) “Chinese Agricultural Expertise Support
in Ethiopia: Approaches, Motives and Perspectives,” Future Agricultures working paper
no. 114 (February).
 60

Dawit Mezgebe Tsegaye. (2015) “The Africa-China Trade Relations: The Role of African
Governments on Protecting Unfair Trade Practices,” International Research Journal of
Social Sciences, 4 (1), pp. 59-67. See at http://www.isca.in/IJSS/Archive/v4/i1/10.ISCA-
IRJSS-2014-233.pdf.

Deacon, Richard. (1974) The Chinese Secret Service. New York: Taplinger Publishing
Co., Inc.

Debay Tadesse Woldemichael. (2012) “Sino-African Union Cooperation in Peace and

Security in Africa,” Institute for Security Studies Conference Report, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia (22 May). See at www.issafrica.org/uploads/2012MaySinoAUCoopReport.pdf.

DeBoom, Meredith J. (2017) “Nuclear (Geo)Political Ecologies: A Hybrid Geography of

Chinese Investment in Namibia’s Uranium Sector,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs,
46 (3), pp. 53-83.

Deepak, B.R. (2014) “China in Africa: A Close Friend or a Neo Colonialist?” South Asia
Analysis Group, paper no. 5699 (12 May).

Defraigne, Jean-Christophe and Serena Belligoli. (2010) “Ties between Business and Aid
Programs in Africa: A Comparative Analysis between the European and the Chinese
Cases,” EBHA Conference paper, Glasgow (26-28 August). See at
http://www.pairault.fr/sinaf/doc_importes/detb.pdf.

Degang Sun and Yahia H. Zoubir. (2015) “China’s Economic Diplomacy towards the
Arab Countries: Challenges Ahead?” Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (95), pp. 903-
921.

De Guttry, Andrea, Emanuele Sommario, and Lijiang Zhu, eds. (2014) China’s and
Italy’s Participation in Peacekeeping Operations: Existing Models, Emerging
Challenges. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

De Grauwe, Paul, Romain Houssa, and Giulia Piccillo. (2012) “African Trade Dynamics:
Is China a Different Trading Partner?” Journal of Chinese Economic and Business
Affairs, 10 (1), pp. 15-45.

De Jonge, Alice. (2016) “Australia-China-Africa Investment Partnerships: A New

Frontier for Triangular Cooperation?” Critical Perspectives on International Business,
12 (1), pp. 61-82.

DeLisle, Jacques. (2007) “Assessing China’s Economic and Military Power,” Foreign
Policy Research Institute E-Note (19 October). See at
www.fpri.org/enotes/200710.delisle.chinarising.html.
 61

__________. (2007) “Into Africa: China’s Quest for Resources and Influence,” Foreign
Policy Research Institute E-Note (19 February). See at
www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2007/0103/deli/delisle_africa.html.

Delius, Anthony. (1971) “Communist China’s New Diplomatic Strategy in Africa,”

Optima (June), pp. 54-58.

De Lorenzo, Mauro. (2007) “China and Africa: A New Scramble?” China Brief, 7 (7), pp.
2-5.

__________. (2007) “African Perspectives on China,” China Brief, 7 (18), pp. 6-7.

Demissie, Alexander and Moritz Weigel. (2017) “New Opportunities for EU-China-
Africa Trilateral Cooperation on Combatting Climate Change,” German Development
Institute briefing paper (3). See at https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP_3.2017.pdf.

De Renzio, Paolo, João Moura, Manaífra Assunção, and Tyler Nickerson. (2013) China’s
Engagement in Africa: Responding to Growing Tensions and Contradictions, BRICS
Policy Center policy brief (June). See at
http://bricspolicycenter.org/homolog/uploads/trabalhos/6003/doc/106878267.pdf.

De Silva-Ranasinghe, Sergei. (2011) “China-Comoros Ties: ‘A Pragmatic Co-operation

of 36 Years’,” Future Directions International, 3 November. See at
http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/china-comoros-ties-a-pragmatic-co-
operation-of-36-years/.

De Soysa, Indra and Paul Midford. (2012) “Enter the Dragon! An Empirical Analysis of
Chinese versus US Arms Transfers to Autocrats and Violators of Human Rights, 1989-
2006,” International Studies Quarterly, 56 (4), pp. 853-856.

Deng, Yong. (2008) China’s Struggle for Status: The Realignment of International
Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Denghua Zhang. (2017) “Why Cooperate with Others? Demystifying China’s Trilateral
Aid Cooperation,” The Pacific Review 30 (5), pp. 750-768.

Denghua Zhang and Graeme Smith. (2017) “China’s Foreign Aid System: Structure,
Agencies and Identities,” Third World Quarterly 38 (10), pp. 2330-2346.

Dent, Christopher M. (ed.). (2011) China and Africa Development Relations. London:
Routledge.

Deshpande, G.P. (1967) “Recent Developments in Africa—II: China’s Policy

Objectives,” Africa Quarterly, 7 (1), pp. 12-16.

__________. (1975) “Chou En-lai’s African Safari,” China Report, 11 (5-6), pp. 77-105.
 62

__________ and B.E. Shinde. (1977) “China and the Liberation Movements in Africa,”
Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses Journal, 9 (4), pp. 421-426.

__________ and H.K. Gupta. (1986) United Front against Imperialism: China’s Foreign
Policy in Africa. Bombay: Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Deutsche Bank Research. (2006) “China’s Commodity Hunger: Implications for Africa
and Latin America,” Current Issues (13 June). See at
www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-
PROD/PROD0000000000199956.pdf.

Devadason, Evelyn Shyamala and Vgr Chandran Govindaraju. (2014) “China-Africa

Trade and Investment Relations: Whither South-South Cooperation?” Social Science
Research Network (25 February). See at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
abstract_id=2400907.

Deych, Tatiana. (2012) “BRICS in Africa: China and Russia Roles.” Paper delivered at 8th
Iberian Conference on African Studies in Madrid, Spain, 14-16 June. See at
www.ciea8.org/ocs/index.php?
conference=CIEA2012&schedConf=pan14&page=paper&op=view&path%5B%5D=257.

__________. (2014) “China’s Role in Africa in the 21st Century,” in Africa’s Growing
Role in World Politics ed. by Tatiana Deych et. al. Moscow: Institute for African Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences, 176-186..

d’Hooghe, Ingrid. (2007) “The Rise of China’s Public Diplomacy,” Netherlands Institute
of International Relations (July). See at
www.clingendael.nl/publications/2007/20070700_cdsp_paper_hooghe.pdf.

Diakon, Birama. (2017) “The Chinese Presence in the Malian Mediascape,” Journal of
African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 96-113.

Diaouari, Ismael. (2011) The Rising Influence of China in West Africa: Analysis of the
Effects of Economic Development, Governance and Security. MA thesis, US Command
and General Staff College. See at http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a547336.pdf.

Dickey, Lauren. (2011) “Weapons-for-Oil Exchanges in Contemporry Sino-African

Relations,” Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal, 1 (1), pp. 63-85. See at
http://journals.oregondigital.org/OURJ/article/viewFile/1541/1616.

Dieng, Moda. (2015) “L’Afrique du Sud et la Chine en Afrique: Une Cohabitation

Difficile?” European Journal of Development Research, 27 (5) (December), pp. 762-776.
 63

Ding Fei, Abdi Ismail Samatar and Chuan Liao. (2018) “Chinese-African Encounters in
High-tech Sectors: Comparative Investigation of Chinese Workplace regimes in
Ethiopia,” Development Policy Review, 36 (S1), pp. 455-475.

Ding, Sheng and Robert A. Saunders. (2006) “Talking up China: An Analysis of China’s
Rising Cultural Power and Global Promotion of the Chinese Language,” East Asia, 23
(2), pp. 3-33.

Ding Ying. (2011) “Out of Libya,” Beijing Review, 54 (10) (10 March), pp. 11-15.

Dinkneh Gebre Borojo and YHushi Jiang. (2016) “The Impact of Africa-China Trade
Openness on Technology Transfer and Economic Growth for Africa: A Dynamic Panel
Data Approach,” Annals of Economics and Finance, 17 (2), pp. 403-431. See at
http://aeconf.com/Articles/Nov2016/aef170207.pdf.

Dionisio, Pietro. (2015) “China-Africa Agricultural Cooperation: For the Sake of

Whom?” Policies for Equitable Access to Health. See at www.peah.it/2015/05/1263/.

Diop, Pape Aliouse. (2015) “Sino-Senegalese Cooperation: An Impulse to Innovative

Growth Strategies for Senegalese SMEs.” International Journal of Innovation and
Economic Development 1 (5), pp. 26-43.

Disenyana, Tsidiso. (2009) “China in Africa: Energy Sector Kenya Case Study,” South
African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 25 (February), pp. 1-14.

__________. (2009) “Harnessing Africa’s Sun: China and the Development of Solar
Energy in Kenya,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 16 (1), pp. 17-32.

Disney, Nigel. (1977) “China and the Middle East,” MERIP Reports, no. 63 (December),
pp. 3-18 and 22.

Dittgen, Romain. (2010) “From Isolation to Integration? A Study of Chinese Retailers in

Dakar,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 57. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_57_dittgen_20100326.
pdf.

__________. (2011) “New Development Cycle through Long-term Investment? China

and the Bélinga Project in Gabon,” EchoGéo, 17. See at
https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/12547.

__________. (2011) “To Bélinga or Not to Bélinga? China’s Evolving Engagement in

Gabon’s Mining Sector,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 98. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_98_dittgen_21001116.
pdf.
 64

__________. (2013) De Nouvelles Formes Spatiales Chinoises en Afrique: Une Analyse

Comparée (Tchad, Afrique du Sud). PhD dissertation, University of Paris.

__________. (2015) “Of Other Spaces? Hybrid Forms of Chinese Engagement in Sub-
Saharan Africa,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 1, pp. 43-73.

__________. (2017) “Features of Modernity, Development and ‘Orientalism’: Reading

Johannesburg through Its ‘Chinese’ Urban Spaces,” Journal of Southern African Studies
43 (5), pp. 979-996.

__________ and Daniel Large. (2012) “Refining Relations: Chad’s Growing Links with
China,” SAIIA Policy Briefing 48 (June), pp. 1-4. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_48_dittgen
%20%20large_20120614.pdf.

__________. (2012) “China’s Growing Involvement in Chad: Escaping Enclosure?”

SAIIA Occasional Paper No. 116 (May), pp. 1-26. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_116_dittg
en_large_20120608.pdf.

Dittgen, Romain, Aditi Lalbahadur, Elizabeth Sidiropoloulos, and Yu-Shan Wu. (2016)
On Becoming a Responsible Great Power: Contextualising China’s Foray into Human
Rights and Peace and Security in Africa. SAIIA policy insights 37 (September). See at
http://www.saiia.org.za/policy-insights/1111-on-becoming-a-responsible-great-power-
contextualising-china-s-foray-into-human-rights-and-peace-security-in-africa/file.

Dittgen, Romain and Abel Abate Demissie. (2017) Own Ways of Doing: National Pride,
Power and China’s Political Calculus in Ethiopia, SAIIA occasional paper 249 (January).
See at http://www.saiia.org.za/occasional-papers/1151-own-ways-of-doing-national-
pride-power-and-china-s-political-calculus-in-ethiopia/file.

Dixon, Jonathan. (2014) “From ‘Pearls’ to ‘Arrows’: Rethinking the ‘String of Pearls’
Theory of China’s Naval Ambitions,” Comparative Strategy, 33, pp. 389-400.

Djallo, Emmanuel. (2013) “Diffusion de la langue chinoise dans l’enseignement

secondaire en Afrique centrale: le cas du centre Confucius de Maroua,” Monde Chinois,
no. 33, pp. 48-54.

Djenouhat, Assia and Reda Djaouahdou. (2016) “Sino-Algerian B2B Relational

Exchange via E-Marketplace: Case Study of Algerian Import Companies,” Valahian
Journal of Economic Studies 7 (21) issue 2, pp. 31-36. See at
https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/vjes.2017.8.issue-1/vjes-2017-0004/vjes-
2017-0004.pdf.

Djoumessi, Didier T. (2009) The Political Impacts of the Sino-U.S. Oil Competition in
Africa. London: Adonis and Abbey.
 65

Dobler, Gregor. (2005) “South-South Business Relations in Practice: Chinese Merchants

in Oshikango, Namibia,” draft unpublished paper. See at
www.ids.ac.uk/UserFiles/File/globalisation_team/asian_driver_docs/Dobler_Chinese.pdf.

__________. (2007) “”Old Ties or New Shackles? China in Namibia” in Transitions in

Namibia by Henning Melber (ed.). Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, pp. 94-109.

__________. (2008) “Cheapness and Resentment: Chinese Traders and Local Society in
Oshikango, Namibia.” paper presented at ASC seminar in Leiden on March 27. See at
www.ascleiden.nl/GetPage.aspx?url=/events/event1204552016.

__________. (2008) “From Scotch Whisky to Chinese Sneakers: International

Commodity Flows and New Trade Networks in Oshikango, Namibia,” Africa: The
Journal of the International Africa Institute 78 (3), pp. 410-432.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Shops and the Formation of a Chinese Expatriate

Community in Namibia,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 707-727.

__________. (2017) “China and Namibia, 1990 to 2015: How a New Actor Changes the
Dnyamics of Political Economy,” Review of African Political Economy 44 (153), pp. 449-
465.

Dobo, Avital. (2009) Illegal Chinese Fishing in West African Waters: A Study on Chinese
IUU Activities and Its Consequences to Socio-Ecological Systems. MA thesis, Stockholm
University. See at http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:329241/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Dodo, Mahamat K. (2014) “The Securitization of China’s Engagement with Africa: EU

Energy Security Strategy,” Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences 5
(4), pp. 744-774. See at http://www.japss.org/upload/8.%20Dodo.pdf.

Dohler, Felix, François Menguelé, Zhang Guanzeng, and Gill Lawson. (2008) City
Development in Africa and China: Proceedings and Outcomes of the Sino-African
Orientation Exchange on Sustainable Urban Development. Shanghai: GTZ. See at
http://urban-africa-china.angonet.org/sites/default/files/resource_files/sino-
african_urban_development_-_tongji_univ_-_9_nov_2008.pdf.

Doku, Isaac, John Akuma, and John Owusu-Afriyie. (2017) “Effect of Chinese Foreign
Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Africa,” Journal of Chinese Economic and
Foreign Trade Studies, 19 (2), pp. 162-171. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317836767_Effect_of_Chinese_foreign_direct_
investment_on_economic_growth_in_Africa.

Dollar, David. (2008) “Lessons from China for Africa,” World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper 4531, pp. 1-30.
 66

__________. (2016) China’s Engagement with Africa: From Natural Resources to

Human Resources. Washington: Brookings.

Dollar, David, Akura Mugyenyi, and Nicole Ntungire. (2017) How Can Uganda Benefit
from China’s Economic Rise? International Growth Centre policy note (August). See at
http://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Dollar-et-al-2017-policy-note.pdf.

Dong Le. (2016) “Environmental and Social Risks of Chinese Official Development
Finance: The Case of the Lamu Port Project, Kenya,” African Review of Economics and
Finance, 8 (1), pp. 106-109.

Dong, Lili and David W. Chapman. (2008) “The Chinese Government Scholarship
Program: An Effective Form of Foreign Assistance,” International Review of Education,
54 (2), pp. 155-173.

Dong Niu. (2018) “Transient: A Descriptive Concept for Understanding Africans in

Guangzhou,” African Studies Quarterly, 17 (4), pp. 85-100.

Dopgima, Gadinga Amstrong. (2013) Impact of China’s Aid on Economic Development

in Africa: The Case of Cameroon. MA thesis, University of Gothenburg. See at
https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/34258/1/gupea_2077_34258_1.pdf.

Dorman, Steven. (2014) China’s Evolving Foreign Policy in Africa: A New Direction for
China’s Non-Intervention Strategy?. MA thesis, Naval Postgraduate School. See at
https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/43903/14Sep_Dorman_Steven.pdf;seque
nce=3.

Dorsey, James M. (2016) “China and the Middle East: Venturing into the Maelstrom,”
RSIS Working Paper No. 296 (18 March). See at https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-
content/uploads/2016/03/WP296.pdf.

Dos Santos, Gustavo Plácido. (2015) “São Tomé e Principe: A Key Piece in Beijing’s
Chessboard?—Analysis,” Eurasia Review (24 November). See at
https://www.eurasiareview.com/24112015-são-tome-e-principe-a-key-piece-in-beijings-
chessboard-analysis/.

Downs, Erica S. (2007) “The Fact and Fiction of Sino-African Energy Relations,” China
Security, 3 (3), pp. 42-68.

__________, Jeffrey Becker, and Patrick deGategno. (2017) China’s Military Support
Facility in Djibouti: The Economic and Security Dimensions of China’s First Overseas
Base. Arlington, VA: CNA. See at https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DIM-2017-U-
015308-Final2.pdf.
 67

Draper, Peter and Garth le Pere. (2005) Enter the Dragon: Towards a Free Trade
Agreement between China and the Southern African Customs Union. Midrand, South
Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue.

Dreher, Axel, et al. (2015) “Aid on Demand: African Leaders and the Geography of
China’s Foreign Assistance.” See at http://www.andreas-
fuchs.net/uploads/1/9/8/9/19897453/chinese_aid.pdf.

__________. (2016) “Apples and Dragon Fruits: The Determinants of Aid and Other
Forms of State Financing from China to Africa,” University of Heidelberg Discussion
Paper Series no. 620. See at http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/awi/forschung/dp620.pdf.

__________. (2017) “Aid, China, and Growth: Evidence from a New Global
Development Finance Dataset,” AIDDATA Working Paper 46 (October). See at
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3051044.

Dreyer, Edward L. (2007) Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty,
1405-1433. New York: Pearson Longman.

Dreyer, June Teufel. (2007) “China’s Power and Will: The PRC’s Military Strength and
Grand Strategy,” Orbis, 51 (4), pp. 647-660.

Driessen, Miriam. (2015) “The African Bill: Chinese Struggles with Development
Assistance,” Anthropology Today, 32 (1), pp. 3-7.

__________. (2015) “Migrating for the Bank: Housing and Chinese Labour Migration to
Ethiopia,” The China Quarterly, 221 (March), pp. 143-160.

__________. (2016) “Pushed to Africa: Emigration and Social Change in China,”

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42 (15), pp. 2491-2507.

Drummond, Paulo and Estelle Xue Liu. (2013) “Africa’s Rising Exposure to China: How
Large Are Spillovers through Trade?” IMF Working Paper 13/250 (November). See at
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13250.pdf.

Du Bois, W.E. Burghardt. (1965) “Asia in Africa,” in The World and Africa by W.E.B. du
Bois. New York: International Publishers, pp. 176-200.

Du Pisani, André. (2014) “Namibia and China: Profile and Appraisal of a Relationship”
in Namibia’s Foreign Relations, eds., Anton Bösi, André du Pisani, and Dennis Zaire.
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, pp. 111-134. www.kas.de/namibia/en/publications/36962/.

Du Pisani, Jacobus A. and Kwang Su Kim. (2007) “One-way Traffic or Highway to

Mutual Benefit? Part 1: China and Africa in the Era of Mao Zedong,” International Area
Studies Review, 10 (2), pp. 3-28.
 68

Du Plessis, Max. (2008) “Chinese Arms Destined for Zimbabwe over South African
Territory: The R2P Norm and the Role of Civil Society,” African Security Review, 17 (4),
pp. 17-29.

Du Plessis, Rudolf. (2016) “China’s African Infrastructure Projects: A Tool in Reshaping

Global Norms,” South African Institute of International Affairs policy insights 35
(September). See at http://www.saiia.org.za/policy-insights/1110-china-s-african-
infrastructure-projects-a-tool-in-reshaping-global-norms/file.

Du Toit, Cornel. (2015) “The Rise of China and the Time of Africa: Gauging Afro-Sino
Relations in the Light of Confucian Philosophy and African Ideal: Original Research,”
HTS: Theological Studies, 71 (1), January, pp. 1-10.

Du Toit, Gerda. (2013) “Political Risk Factors: What Chinese Companies Need to Assess
When Investing in Africa,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University,
Discussion Paper (September), pp. 1-24.

Duchâtel, Mathieu, Oliver Bräuner, and Zhou Hang. (2014) “Protecting China’s Overseas
Interests: The Slow Shift away from Non-interference,” Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute Policy Paper No. 41 (June). See at
http://books.sipri.org/files/PP/SIPRIPP41.pdf.

Duchâtel, Mathieu, Richard Gowan, and Lafont Rapnouil. (2016) “Into Africa: China’s
Global Security Shift,” European Council on Foreign Relations policy brief (June). See
at http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/Into_Africa_China
%E2%80%99s_global_security_shift_PDF_1135.pdf.

Duchâtel, Mathieu and Alexandre Sheldon Duplaix. (2018) “Blue China: Navigating the
Maritime Silk Road to Europe,” European Council on Foreign Relations policy brief (April). See
at
http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/blue_china_navigating_the_maritime_silk_road_to_eur
ope.

Duffey, Alexander E. (2008) “China’s Contact with Southern Africa: The Ceramic
Record,” Journal (Namibia Scientific Society), vol. 56, pp. 27-42.

Duggan Niall. (2014) “The Africa Policies of the European Union and the People’s
Republic of China,” R/evolutions: Global Trends and Regional Issues 2 (1), pp. 362-391.
See at http://revjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/REV2/REVOLUTIONS_VOL.2.pdf.

Duggan, Niall. (2017) The People’s Republic of China and European Union Security
Cooperation in Africa: Sino-EU Security Cooperation in Mali and the Gulf of Aden,”
International Journal of China Studies 8 (1), pp. 1-23.

Dukulé, Abdoulaye, W. (2006) “Africa between China and the West: The New War of
Influence,” The Perspective (24 November). See at
www.theperspective.org/articles/1124200601.html.
 69

Durovic, Luka. (2016) “Resource Curse and China’s Infrastructure for Resources Model:
Case Study of Angola,” Journal of China International Relations, 4 (1), pp. 67-86. See at
https://journals.aau.dk/index.php/jcir/article/view/1515/1240.

Dutt, Vidya Prakash. (1966) China and the World: An Analysis of Communist China’s
Foreign Policy. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.

Dutton, Peter A. and Ryan D. Martinson (eds.). (2015) Beyond the Wall: Chinese Far
Seas Operations. Newport, RI: U.S. Naval War College. See at
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1014494.pdf.

Duyvendak, J.J.L. (1949) China’s Discovery of Africa. London: Arthur Probsthain.

Dzaka-Kikouta, Théophile, Francis Kern and Chiara Gonella. (2013) “Chinese Economic
Co-operation with Central Africa and the Transfer of Knowledge and Know-how,”
African East-Asian Affairs, issue 2 (June), pp. 39-60.

Dzigbede. Komla D. (2014) “What Brings China to Africa? An Analysis of Market Size,
Natural Resource Availability and Macroeconomic Risk,” Journal of African
Development, 16 (2), Fall, pp. 103-120. See at http://www.jadafea.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/10/JAD_vol16-2_ch4.pdf.

Dzinesa, Gwinyayi A. and Lesley Masters. (2009) Taming the Dragon? Defining Africa’s
Interests at the Forum on China-Africa Co-operation (FOCAC). Policy Advisory Group
Seminar Report of the Centre for Conflict Resolution and Institute for Global Dialogue.
See at www.ccr.org.za/images/stories/Vol_32_taming_the_dragon.pdf.

Eadie, Gail A. and Denise M. Grizzell. (1979) “China’s Foreign Aid, 1975-78,” The
China Quarterly, no. 77 (March), pp. 217-234.

Ebinger, Charles K. (1976) “External Intervention in Internal War: The Politics and
Diplomacy of the Angolan Civil War,” Orbis, 20 (3), pp. 669-699.

Ecel, Aaron, Ronett Atukunda, Edwin Napakor, and Jimmy Otim. (2013) “Uganda-China
Trade Evaluated from an Export Readiness Perspective; Evidence from Oil-seed
Exports,” Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 2
(5), pp. 279-284.

Economic Commission of West African States, Sahel and West Africa Club and OECD.
(2006) “Atlas on Regional Integration in West Africa: Africa and China,” (December),
pp. 1-16. See at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/26/38409391.pdf.

Economist Intelligence Unit. (2014) Playing the Long Game: China’s Investment in
Africa, a Mayer Brown report.
 70

Edinger, Hannah and Christopher Burke. (2008) “AERC Scoping Studies on China-
Africa Relations: A Research Report on Zimbabwe,” AERC Study (March), pp. 1-26.
See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Zimbabwe-
China.pdf.

Edinger, Hannah and Johanna Jansson. (2008) “China’s ‘Angola Model’ Comes to the
DRC,” The China Monitor, issue 34 (October), pp. 4-6.

Edinger, Hannah, Hayley Herman and Johanna Jansson (eds.). (2008) New Impulses from
the South: China’s Engagement of Africa. Stellenbosch, SA: Centre for Chinese Studies.
See at www.ccs.org.za/downloads/CCS_-_Now_Impulses_from_the_South_-
_May_08.pdf.

Edinger, Hannah and C. Pistorius. (2011) “Aspects of Chinese Investment in the African
Resources Sector,” The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and
Metalurgy, 111 (July), pp. 501-510. See at
https://www.saimm.co.za/Journal/v111n07p501.pdf.

Edinger, Hannah and Ron Sandrey. (2013) “Is China Bad for Africa’s Industrialisation?
Bridges Africa, 2 (6), pp. 9-11.

Edoho, Felix M. (2011) “Globalization and Marginalization of Africa: Contextualization

of China-Africa Relations,” Africa Today, 58 (1), Fall, pp. 103-124.

Edwards, Lawrence and Rhys Jenkins. (2014) The Competitive Effects of China on the
South African Manufacturing Sector (December). World Bank. See at
http://www.dpru.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/36/Publications/Policy_B
riefs/DPRU%20PB%2014-40.pdf.

Egbula, Margaret and Qi Zheng. (2011) “China and Nigeria: A Powerful South-South
Alliance,” West African Challenges, no. 5 (November), pp. 3-19. See at
www.oecd.org/countries/nigeria/49814032.pdf.

Egom, Peter Alexander. (2007) “Africa and the Global Economy,” unpublished paper
presented at the international conference on “The New Scramble for Africa” at State
House in Abuja, Nigeria, 10-12 April.

Egypt. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2006) “China-Africa in the 21st Century,” power
point presentation prepared for conference in South Africa 16-17 October hosted by
NEPAD. See at www.saiia.org.za/modules.php?
op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=986.

Ehizuelen, Michael Mitchell Omoruyi. (2018) “China’s Rapid Economic Transformation

and the Active Changes of Its African Policy,” Journal of Business Management and
Economic Research, 2 (2), pp. 7-34. See at
http://www.jobmer.org/2018/Vol2_Issue2_article2_fulltext.pdf.
 71

Eidt, Vanessa. (2012) “Assessing the Strategic Alliance between Industrial and
Commercial Bank of China and Standard Bank,” The China Monitor (March), issue 69,
pp. 10-15.

Eisenman, Joshua. (2005) “Zimbabwe: China’s African Ally,” China Brief, 5 (15), pp. 9-
11.

__________. (2007) “China’s Post-Cold War Strategy in Africa” in China and the
Developing World by Joshua Eisenman, Eric Heginbotham, and Derek Mitchell (eds.).
Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 29-59.

__________. (2007) “The Communist Party of China’s Outreach to Political Parties in

Sub-Saharan Africa,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3. See at
www.globalization-africa.org/papers/76.pdf.

__________. (2012) “China-Africa Trade Patterns: Causes and Consequences,” Journal

of Contemporary China, 21 (77), pp. 793-810.

__________ and Joshua Kurlantzick. (2006) “China’s Africa Strategy,” Current History,
105 (691), pp. 219-224.

__________ and David H. Shinn (2018) “China’s Strategy in Africa,” in China Steps
Out: Beijing’s Major Power Engagement with the Developing World, by Joshua
Eisenman and Eric Heginbotham (eds.). New York, Routledge, pp. 134-169.

Ekman, Alice. (2018) China in the Mediterranean: An Emerging Presence. Notes de l’Ifri
(February). See at
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ekman_china_mediterranean_2018_v2.
pdf.

Ekman, Sigrid-Marianella Stensrud, Huang Wenbin and Ercilio Langa. (2013) “Chinese
Trade and Investment in the Mozambican Timber Industry: A Case Study from Cabo
Delgado Province,” Center for International Forestry Research Working Paper 122.

El-Husseiny, Nevine. (2013) “The Chinese Policy towards Sudan and South Sudan:
Drivers, Changes and Outcomes,” The Maghreb Review, 38 (1), pp. 21-50.

El-Khawas, Mohamed A. (1972) “Africa, China and the United Nations,” African
Review, 2 (2), pp. 277-287.

__________. (1973) “The Development of China’s Foreign Policy toward Africa, 1955-
1972,” A Current Bibliography on African Affairs, 6 (2), pp. 129-139.

__________. (1973) “China’s Changing Policies in Africa,” Issue: A Journal of Opinion,

3 (1), pp. 24-28.
 72

__________. (2009) “China’s Link to the Developing World: In Pursuit of Energy

Security,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 32 (2), pp. 60-75.

Elliott, Michael. (2007) “China Takes on the World,” Time Magazine (11 January). See at
www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1576831,00.html.

Ellis, Linden J. (2007) “China Exim Bank in Africa: Opportunities for Strengthening
Environmental Standards for Hydropower in Sudan,” Woodrow Wilson Center for
Scholars (March 22). See at www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?
fuseaction=events.print&event_id=224956&stoplayout=true.

Elmi, Mohamed Abokor. (2012) A New Approach? The Impact of China’s Development
Aid on Kenya. MA thesis, Saint Mary’s University. See at
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.1031.2759&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

Elochukwu, Anas. (2015) “China’s Peace Efforts in Africa since the End of the Cold
War,” Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs 3 (1), pp. 15-27.

Elshamy, Hany M. (2015) “The Economic Determinants of Chinese Foreign Direct

Investment in Egypt,” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 8 (1), pp.
20-26.

Elshehawy, Mohamed A., Shen Hongfang, and Rania A. Ahmed. (2014) “China’s
Relations with North Africa: Trade and Investment,” International Journal of Social
Science and Humanities Research, 2 (3), pp. 187-192.

Elu, Juliet U. and Gregory N. Price. (2010) “Does China Transfer Productivity Enhancing
Technology to Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Manufacturing Firms,” African
Development Review, 22 (December supplement), pp. 587-598.

Eneji, Mathias Agri, Iwayanwu J. Onyinye, Drenkat N. Kennedy and Shi Li Rong. (2012)
“Impact of Foreign Trade and Investment on Nigeria’s Textile Industry: The Case of
China,” Journal of African Studies and Development 4 (5), pp. 130-141. Se at
http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380034520_Eneji%20et%20al.pdf.

Engong, Floribert Patrick Calvain and Ndobo Eugenie Grace Essoh. (2015) “Is the
Chinese Cultural Policy in Africa a Threat to the Teaching and Learning of the Spanish
Language in Nigeria? International Journal of Art, Culture, Design and Language Works,
1 (1), June, pp. 14-18. See at
http://www.kwpublisher.com/ci/uploads/journal_data/papers/5583f3efa5bfcIs%20the
%20Chinese%20Cultural%20Policy%20in%20Africa%20a%20Threat%20to%20the
%20Teaching.pdf.
 73

Eno, Mohamed A. et al. (2014) “China-Africa Relations: How Tight Are the ‘Strings’
Attachecd?” The International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2 (9), pp. 196-
203.

Eno, Mohamed A. and Omar A. Eno. (2014) “US-China Competition for African
Resources: Looming Proxy Wars Amid Possible Alternatives,” Asian Journal of Social
Sciences, Arts and Humanities, 2 (1), pp. 20-35. See at
http://www.multidisciplinaryjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/US-CHINA-
COMPETITION-FOR-AFRICAN-RESOURCES-LOOMING-PROXY-WARS-AMID-
POSSIBLE-ALTERNATIVES.pdf.

Enuka, Chuka. (2011) “China’s Military Presence in Africa: Implications for Africa’s
Wobbling Peace,” Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 2 (1), pp. 97-117. See at
http://www.japss.org/upload/5.%20chinamilitary.pdf.

__________. (2011) “China’s Military Presence in Africa: Implications for Continental

Instability,” Sacha Journal of Policy and Strategic Studies, 1(1), April, pp. 68-81.

__________. (2011) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC): A Framework

for China’s Re-engagement with Africa in the 21st Century,” Jurnal e-Bangi 6 (2), pp..
220-231. See at http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/e-bangi/papers/2011/chuka011.pdf.

Environmental Investigation Agency. (2007) “Made in China: How China’s Illegal Ivory
Trade Is Causing a 21st Century African Elephant Disaster,” pp. 1-33. See at www.eia-
international.org/cgi/news/news.cgi?t=template&a=398.

__________. (2007) “No Questions Asked: The Impacts of U.S. Market Demand for
Illegal Timber – and the Potential for Change,” pp. 1-32. See at www.eia-
international.org/files/reports154-1.pdf.

__________. (2017) “The Rosewood Racket: China’s Billion Dollar Illegal Timber Trade
and the Devastation of Nigeria’s Forests,” (October). See at https://content.eia-
global.org/assets/2017/rosewood-racket/PDF/Rosewood+Racket+Report+
(Low+Res).pdf.

Erian, Stephanie. (2012) “China at the Libyan Endgame,” Policy, 28 (1), Autumn, pp. 49-
52B. See at https://www.cis.org.au/app/uploads/2015/04/images/stories/policy-
magazine/2012-autumn/28-1-12-stephanie-erian.pdf.

Erickson, Andrew S. and Justin D. Mikolay. (2009) “Welcome China to the Fight against
Pirates,” Proceedings U.S. Naval Institute, 135 (3), pp. 34-41.

Erickson, Andrew S. and Austin Strange. (2012) “‘Selfish Superpower’ No Longer?

China’s Anti-piracy Activities and 21st-Century Global Maritime Governance,” Harvard
Asia Quarterly, 14 (1/2), pp. 92-102.
 74

__________. (2013) “No Substitute for Experience: Chinese Anti-piracy Operations in

the Gulf of Aden,” U.S. Naval War College, China Maritime Studies, no. 10. See at
www.usnwc.edu/Research---Gaming/China-Maritime-Studies-
Institute/Publications/documents/CMS10_Web_2.aspx.

__________. (2013) “The Relevant Organs: Institutional Factors behind China’s Gulf of
Aden Deployment,” China Brief, 13 (20) 12 September, pp. 4-7.

__________. (2015) “China’s Blue Soft Power: Antipiracy, Engagement, and Image
Enhancement,” Naval War College Review, 68 (1) (Winter), pp. 71-91.

__________. (2015) Six Years at Sea . . . and Counting: Gulf of Aden Anti-Piracy and
China’s Maritime Commons Presence. Washington: Jamestown Foundation.

Ericsson, Magnus. (2011) “Mineral Supply from Africa: China’s Investment Inroads into
the African Mineral Resource Sector,” The Journal of the Southern African Institue of
Mining and Metallurgy,” 111 (July), pp 407-500. See at
https://www.saimm.co.za/Journal/v111n07p497.pdf.

__________. (2012) Chinese Investments in Africa’a Resource Sector. Polinares working

paper no.26 (March). See at http://pratclif.com/2015/mines-
ressources/polinares/chapter14.pdf.

Ermias Gegziabher, (2014) Post-Cold War China-Sudan Political and Economic

Relations: Challenges and Opportunities. MA thesis, Addis Ababa University. See at
http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/5913/1/3.%20ERMIAS
%20GEGZIABHER.pdf.

Esoh Elamé, Joseph. (2005) “L’Immigration en Afrique Noire dans le Contexte de la

Mondialisation,” Lestamp. See at
www.lestamp.com/publications_mondialisation/publication.esoh.htm.

Esteban, Mario. (2009) “The Chinese Amigo: Implications for the Development of
Equatorial Guinea,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 667-685.

__________. (2010) “A Silent Invasion? African Views on the Growing Chinese

Presence in Africa: The Case of Equatorial Guinea,” African and Asian Studies, 9 (3), pp.
232-251.

Esterhuyse, Harrie and Meryl Burgess. (2014) “Engaging the Environment in the China-
Africa Relationship,” The China Monitor, issue 1 (March), pp. 74-85.

Esterhuyse, Harrie and Moctar Kane. (2014) “China-Mali Relationship: Finding Mutual
Benefit between Unequal Partners,” Policy Briefing, Centre for Chinese Studies,
Stellenbosch University (January). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
 75

content/uploads/2014/02/CCS_Policy_Briefing_China_Mali_Relations_Kane_Esterhuyse
_2013_HE_MC1.pdf.

Eszter, Polyák. (2018) “Chinese Soft Power in the Developing Countries: Africa,”
PAGEO (8 February). See at http://www.geopolitika.hu/en/2018/02/08/chinese-soft-
power-in-the-developing-countries-africa/.

Ethics Institute of South Africa. (2014) “Africans’ Perception of Chinese Business in

Africa: A Survey,” (February), pp. 1-41. See at www.ethicsa.co.za/uploads/files/African
%20Perception%20Survey%20of%20Chinese%20Business%20in%20Africa.pdf.

__________. (2015) “Sustainable Business Relations between China and Africa: Report
on the Dialogue in South Africa 25-27 August 2014,” Focus, no. 26 (February), pp. 1-22.

Ethiopia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2006) “An Overview of the Bilateral Relations
between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the People’s Republic of
China,” unpublished paper presented at a conference in South Africa 16-17 October
hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-10. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Zemene_Ethiopia.pdf.

Ethiopian Economics Association. (2009) A Survey of the Economic and Trade

Relationships between China, India and Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, 15 December. See at
http://www.fes-
ethiopia.org/fileadmin/user_upload/programm_areas/economic_and_social_development/
China_and_India_and_Ethiopia_final_report.pdf.

Etian, Eleih-Elle. (2007) “Increasing Rapproachement,” Beijing Review, 50 (6), pp. 12-
13.

Etyang, Oita and Simon Oswan Panyako. (2016) “China and Africa’s Peace and Security
Agenda: The Burgeoning Appetite,” Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies, 3
(1), August, pp. 1-17. See at http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1085&context=jacaps.

European Parliament. (2007) “Draft Report on China’s Policy and Its Effects on Africa,”
PR697015EN.doc., pp. 1-12. See at
www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/pr/697/697015/697015en.pdf.

__________. (2008) “European Parliament Resolution of 23 April 2008 on China’s

Policy and Its Effects on Africa,” P6_TA-PROV(2008)0173 provisional edition, pp. 1-13.

Evans, Peter C. and Erica S. Downs. (2006) “Untangling China’s Quest for Oil through
State-backed Financial Deals,” The Brookings Institution Policy Brief, no. 154 (May), pp.
1-8. See at www.brookings.edu/papers/2006/05china_evans.aspx.
 76

Evron, Yoram. (2013) “Chinese Involvement in the Middle East: The Libyan and Syrian
Crises,” Strategic Assessment, 16 (3), October, pp. 79-91. See at
http://www.inss.org.il/uploadImages/systemFiles/adkan16_3ENG3.pdf_Evron.pdf.

Executive Research Associates. (2009) China in Africa: A Strategic Overview. October.

See at http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/pdf/china_all.pdf.

Fairbank, John K. (ed). (1968) The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s Foreign
Relations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Fan, Shenggen, Bella Nestorova and Tolulope Olofinbiyi. (2010) “China’s Agricultural
and Rural Development: Implications for Africa,” paper delivered in Bamako, Mali, for
the China-DAC Study Group on Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development. See
at www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/chinaafricadac.pdf.

Fantahun H. Michael. (2013) Africa-China Relations: Neocolonialism or Strategic

Partnership? Ethiopia as a Case Analysis. PhD dissertation, Atlantic International
University. See at
https://www.aiu.edu/applications/DocumentLibraryManager/upload/fantahun%20doc.pdf

Faqin Lin, Wenshou Yan, and Xiaosong Wang. (2017) “The Impact of Africa-China’s
Diplomatic Visits on Bilateral Trade,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 64 (3) July,
pp. 310-326. See at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sjpe.12128/epdf.

Farah, Douglas and Andy Mosher (2010) “Winds from the East: How the People’s
Republic of China Seeks to Influence the Media in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast
Asia,” A Report to the Center for International Media Assistance (8 September). See at
http://cima.ned.org/publications/research-reports/winds-east-how-peoples-republic-china-
seeks-influence-media-africa-lat.

Farah, Ibrahim, Valentine Opanga, Sekou Toure, and Sarah Ninga. (2015) “China in
Africa: A Call for Makumism in Africa’s Development,” Development, 58 (4), pp. 608-
613.

Farhaoui, Fouad. (2013) Mauritania & Newly Emerging Economies in Africa Turkey and
China. International Strategic Research Organization reports no. 13-02.

Farole, Thomas and Lotta Moberg. (2014) “It Worked in China, So Why Not in Africa?
The Political Economy Challenge of Special Economic Zones,” WIDER Working Paper
2014/152 (November). See at www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-
papers/2014/en_GB/wp2014-152/.

Farrag, Salwa al Said. (2015) “Egyptian-Chinese Relations: Opportunities and Risks for
Egypt,” unpublished conference paper. See at
https://www.psa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/conference/papers/2015/Egyptian-Chinese
%20relations%20Opportunities%20and%20Risks%20for%20Egypt_1.pdf.
 77

Farrell, Jamie. (2016) “How Do Chinese Contractors Perform in Africa? Evidence from
World Bank Projects,” SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative working paper 3
(February).

Fatime, Yougboko and Weihong Zhu. (2016) “Aid China for Development to Central
African Republic,” International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and
Humanities, 3 (1), pp. 224-233.

Fatime, Yougboko, et al. (2016) “Aid and Assistance China for Development Socio-
Economical and Cultural to Central African Republic,” American Journal of Engineering
Research 5 (4), pp. 63-70. See at http://www.ajer.org/papers/v5(04)/G0504063070.pdf.

Fawzy, Abdallah. (2016) “China’s Stance on Suez Crisis (1956),” Research Gate,
January. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308202363_China's_Stance_on_Suez_Crisis_1
956.

Fee, Florence C. (2006) “Asian Oils in Africa: A Challenge to the International

Community,” Petroleumworld.com. See at
www.petroleumworld.com/SunOPF050706.htm.

Fei Jiang, Shubo Li, Helge Rønning, and Elling Tjønneland. (2016) “The Voice of
China in Africa: Media, Communication Technologies and Image-Building,” Chinese
Journal of Communication, 9 (1), pp. 1-7. See at
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17544750.2016.1141615?
scroll=top&needAccess=true.

Fei, John. (2017) “China’s Overseas Military Base in Djibouti: Features, Motivations,
and Policy Implications,” China Brief 17 (7) 22 December, pp. 7-11. See at
https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-overseas-military-base-djibouti-features-
motivations-policy-implications/.

Ferdjani, Hannane. (2012) “African Students in China: An Exploration of Increasing

Numbers and Their Motivations in Beijing,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch
University (September). See at http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2012/10/Hannane-Research-Report_October-2012_FINAL.pdf.

Ferme, Mariane C. and Cheryl M. Schmitz. (2014) “Writings on the Wall: Chinese
Material Traces in an African Landscape,” Journal of Material Culture 19 (4) December,
pp. 375-399.

Fernández Jilberto, Alex E. and Barbara Hogenboom. (2007) “Developing Regions,

Africa and Indonesia Facing the Rise of China,” Journal of Developing Societies, 23 (3),
pp. 301-303.
 78

__________. (2007) “Developing Regions Facing China in a Neoliberalized World,”

Journal of Developing Societies, 23 (3), pp. 305-339.

Fernando, Sithara. (2007) “Chronology of China-Africa Relations,” China Report, 43 (3),

pp. 363-373.

__________. (2012) China’s Relations with the Indian Ocean Region: Combining Realist
and Constructvist Perspectives. Instiute of Chinese Studies occasional paper no. 2
(October). See at http://www.kdu.ac.lk/department-of-strategic-
studies/images/publications/sithara/ChinasRelationswiththeIOR-ICS-OP.pdf.

Fessehaie, Judith and Mike Morris. (2013) “Value Chain Dynamics of Chinese Copper
Mining in Zambia: Enclave or Linkage Development?” The European Journal of
Development Research 25 (4) September, pp. 537-556.

Fijalkowski, Lukasz. (2011) “China’s ‘Soft Power’ in Africa?” Journal of Contemporary

African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 223-232.

Filesi, Teobaldo. (1972) China and Africa in the Middle Ages. London: Frank Cass and
Company Ltd.

Fioramonti, Lorenzo and Patrick Kimunguyi. (2011) “Public and Elite Views on Europe
vs. China in Africa,” The International Spectator, 46 (1), pp. 69-82.

Fiott, Daniel. (2010) “The EU and China in Africa: The Case of Kenya,” Madariaga
Paper, 3 (5), July. See at http://www.atlantic-
community.org/app/webroot/files/articlepdf/3-5-Jul-2010-Fiott-%20The%20EU%20and
%20China%20in%20Africa%20-%20The%20Case%20of%20Kenya%20-%20Madariaga
%20Paper.pdf.

Firsing, Scott and Ogi Williams. (2013) “Increased Chinese and American Defence
Involvement in Africa,” Defense and Security Analysis, 29 (2), pp. 89-103.

Fisher, Richard D. (2006) “China’s Submarines Pose Regional, Strategic Challenges,”

Armed Forces Journal (March), pp. 32-35.

FitzGerald, C.P. (1964) “The Sino-Soviet Balance Sheet in the Underdeveloped Areas,”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 351 (January), pp. 40-
49.

Fletcher, Henry. (2010) “Development Aid for Infrastructure Investment in Africa:

Malian Relations with China, the European Commission and the World Bank,” SAIIA
Occasional Paper no. 58 (April), pp. 1-15. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_58_fletcher_20100428
.pdf.
 79

Flores-Macías, Gustavo A. and Sarah E. Kreps. (2013) “The Foreign Policy Consequences of
Trade: China’s Commercial Relations with Africa and Latin America, 1992-2006,” The Journal
of Politics, 75 (2), pp. 357-371.

Foerstel, Karen. (2008) “China in Africa: Is China Gaining Control of Africa’s

Resources?” CQ Global Researcher, 2 (1). See at http://library.cqpress.com.

Ford, Neil. (2006) “China and Africa Tie the Knot,” African Business, issue 326
(December), pp. 38-40.

__________. (2007) “Power Struggle: Boosting Competition for African Energy,” Jane’s
Intelligence Review, 19 (1), pp. 64-65.

Forest Trends. (2006) “Helping Liberia Escape Conflict Timber: The Role of the
International Community – China and Europe,” Information Bulletin: China and East
Asia, issue 5 (June), pp. 1-4. See at www.forest-trends.org/documents/misc/CHEAP/FT
%20Info%20Brief%20Liberia%20June%202006%20FINAL%20ENGLISH.pdf.

__________. (2017) China’s Forest Product Imports and Exports 2006-2016: Trade
Charts and Brief Analysis. (July). See at https://www.illegal-
logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/chinas_timber_import_export.pdf.

Forstater, Maya, Simon Zadek, Yang Guang, Kelly Yu, Chen Xiao Hong and Mark
George. (2010) Corporate Responsibility in African Development: Insights from an
Emerging Dialogue, Harvard University Working Paper no. 60, October. See at
www.iisd.org/pdf/2011/corporate_responsibility_in_african_development.pdf.

Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. (2004) “Addis Ababa Action Plan (2004-2006).”

See at www.focac.org/eng/zyzl/hywj/t157710.htm.

__________. (2006) “China-Africa Relations Board the Ship of a New Century: Review
of the Sixth Anniversary of China-Africa Cooperation Forum.” See at
http://english.focacsummit.org/2006-09/29/content_1938.htm.

__________. (2006) “Beijing Action Plan (2007-2009).” See at

www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zxxx/t280369.htm.

__________. (2006) “Declaration of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa

Cooperation.” See at www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zxxx/t280370.htm.

__________. (2009) “Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Sharm El Sheikh Action Plan

(2010-2012).” See at www.focac.org/eng/dsjbzjhy/hywj/t626387.htm.

__________. (2012) “The Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa

Cooperation Beijing Action Plan (2013-2015).” See at
www.focac.org/eng/zxxx/t954620.htm.
 80

__________. (2017) “China-Africa: High Time for a Common Integrated African Policy
on China,” proceedings of a symposium in Johannesburg on 20 July 2017. See at
https://www.fes-southafrica.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Africa-
China_symposium_report_20th_July.pdf.

Foster, Vivien, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen and Nataliya Pushak. (2008) Building
Bridges: China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-Saharan Africa.
Washington: The World Bank. See at
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Building_Bridges_Master_Ve
rsion_wo-Embg_with_cover.pdf.

Fourie, Elseje. (2015) “China’s Example for Meles’ Ethiopia: When Development
‘Models’ Land,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 53 (3), pp. 289-316.

Fournet-Guerin, Catherine. (2006) “New Chinese Immigration in Antananarivo,” China

Perspectives, no. 67 (September-October), pp. 45-57.

Fraser, Stewart E. (1969) “China’s International, Cultural, and Educational Relations:

With Selected Bibliography,” Comparative Education Review, 13 (1), pp. 60-87.

Freeberne, Michael. (1965) “Racial Issues and the Sino-Soviet Dispute,” Asian Survey, 5
(8), pp. 408-416.

Freeman, Chas. W. Jr. (2006) “The Arabs Take a Chinese Wife: Sino-Arab Relations in
the Decade to Come,” 7 May remarks to the World Affairs Council of Northern
California posted by Middle East Policy Council. See at
www.mepc.org/whats/SinoArabRelations.asp.

Freeman, Duncan, Jonathan Holslag, and Steffi Weil. (2008) “China’s Foreign Farming
Policy: Can Land Provide Security?” Brussels Institute of Contemporary China Studies
Asia Paper, 3 (9), 1-27.

Freeman, Sharon T. (2009) China, Africa, and the African Diaspora: Perspectives.
Washington: AASBEA Publishers.

Freemantle, Simon and Jeremy Stevens. (2011) “China and the US in Africa: Measuring
Washington’s Response to Beijing’s Commercial Advance,” Standard Bank Economic
Strategy paper (9 March). See at http://ws9.Standardbank.co.za/sbrp/LatestResearch.do.

__________. (2011) “China’s Food Security Challenge: What Role for Africa,” Standard
Bank Africa Macro paper (18 November). See at
https://m.research.standardbank.com/DocumentReader?docID=1671-
E1AFB8F7AF0747A98326A4419C169FE0&view=&pageNum=2.

French, Howard W. (2007) “Commentary: China and Africa,” African Affairs, 106 (422),
pp. 127-132.
 81

__________. (2010) “The Next Empire,” The Atlantic (May). See at

www.theatlantic.com/magazine/print/2010/04/the-next-empire/8018/.

__________. (2014) China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants Are Building a
New Empire in Africa. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Friedman, Edward. (2009) “How Economic Superpower China Could Transform Africa,”
Journal of Chinese Political Science, 14 (1), pp. 1-20.

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. (2004) “The ‘Look East Policy’ of Zimbabwe Now Focuses on

China,” Policy Briefing Paper (November). See at
www.nuso.org/upload/evento/Zimbabwe.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Sixth Shanghai Workshop on Global Governance ‘China-Europe-

Africa-Cooperation: Chances and Challenges’.” (14-15 March). See at
www.feschina.net/Files/080314-2.pdf.

Frimpong, Samuel Kwadwo. (2012) “Research on Relationship between China and

Ghana: Trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI),” Journal of Economics and
Sustainable Development 3 (7), pp. 51-61. See at
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1000.283&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Fritz, Nicole. (2009) “People Power: How Civil Society Blocked an Arms Shipment for
Zimbabwe,” South African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 36
(July), 1-12.

Frynas, Jedrzej George and Manuel Paulo. (2007) “A New Scramble for African Oil?
Historical, Political, and Business Perspectives,” African Affairs, 106 (423), pp. 229-251.

Fudan University. (2017) Development and Industrialization in Ethiopia: Reflections

from China’s Experience. Fudan SIRPA Think Tank Report Series (November). See at
http://www.sirpa.fudan.edu.cn/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Development-and-
Industrialization-in-Ethiopia-Reflections-from-China%E2%80%99s-Experience.pdf.

Fues, Thomas and Sven Grimm. (2006) “China’s Africa Policy: Opportunity and
Challenge for European Development Cooperation,” German Development Institute
Briefing Paper 4, pp. 1-4. See at www.die-gdi.de/die_homepage.nsf/FSepub?
OpenFrameset.

Fundira, Taku. (2007) “Update: South African Quotas on Chinese Clothing and Textiles:
Has There Been Sufficient Economic Justification?” TRALAC Trade Brief, no. 09
(December), pp. 1-8. See at www.tralac.org/scripts/content.php?id=7182.
 82

Fung, Courtney J. (2016) “Global South Solidarity? China, Regional Organisations and
Intervention in the Libyan and Syrian Civil Wars,” Third World Quarterly, 37 (2), pp. 33-
50.

Furman, James Housley, Jr. (2016) “A Comparative Analysis of United States and
Chinese Economic Engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Monterey, CA: Naval
Postgraduate School. See at
http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/48522/16Mar_Furman_James.pdf?
sequence=1.

Furukawa, Mitsuaki. (2014) “Management of the International Development Aid System

and the Creation of Political Space for China: The Case of Tanzania,” JICA-RI Working
Paper No. 82 (October).

Gabas, Jean-Jacques and Jean-Raphaël Chaponniere (eds.). (2012) Le Temps de la Chine

en Afrique: Enjeux et Réalités au Sud du Sahara. Paris: Karthala.

Gabas, Jean-Jacques and Frédéric Goulet. (2013) “South-South Cooperation and New
Agricultural Development Aid Actors in Western and Southern Africa: China and Brazil –
Case Studies,” Agence Française de Développement Working Paper no. 134 (May). See
at
www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PUBLICATIONS/RECHERCHE/Scientifiques/Docu
ments-de-travail/134-document-travail.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Les Coopérations Agricoles Chinoises et Brésiliennes en Afrique,”

Afrique Contemporaine, no. 243, pp. 111-131.

Gabas, Jean-Jacques, Frédéric Goulet, Clara Arnaud, and Jimena Duran. (2013)
Coopérations Sud-Sud et Nouveaux Acteurs de l’Aide au Développement Agricole en
Afrique de l’Ouest et Australe: Le Cas de la Chine et du Brésil. Paris: La Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement.

Gabas, Jean-Jacques and Xiaoyang Tang. (2014) “Chinese Agricultural Cooperation in

Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenging Preconceptions,” Perspective, no. 26 (February), pp. 1-
4.

Gadallah, Yasser M. (2017) “An Analysis of the Evolution of Sino-Egyptian Economic

Relations,” in Toward Well-Oiled Relations? China’s Presence in the Middle East
Following the Arab Spring ed. By Niv Horesh. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 94-114.

Gadio, Cheikh Tidiane and Seyni Diop. (2013) “De la nature des relations diplomatiques
entre le Sénégal et la Chine,” Monde Chinois, no. 33, pp. 77-79.

Gadzala, Alexsandra, (2009) “Survival of the Fittest? Kenya’s Jua Kali and Chinese
Businesses,” Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3 (2), pp. 202-220.
 83

__________. (2010) “From Formal to Informal-sector Employment: Examining the

Chinese Presence in Zambia,” Review of African Political Economy, 37 (123), pp. 41-59.

__________ (ed). (2015) Africa and China: How Africans and Their Governments Are
Shaping Relations with China. London: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Gagliardone, Iginio. (2013) “China as a Persuader: CCTV Africa’s First Steps in the
African Mediasphere,” Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 34 (3), pp. 25-40.

__________. (2014) “Media Development with Chinese Characteristics,” Global Media

Journal, 4 (2) (Autumn/Winter), pp. 1-16. See at https://www.db-
thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00031116/GMJ8_Gagliardone
_final.pdf.

Gagliardone, Iginio, Nicole Stremlau and Daniel Nkrumah. (2012) “Partner, Prototype or
Persuader? China’s Renewed Engagement with Ghana,” Communications, Politics and
Culture, 45, pp. 174-196.

Gagliardone, Iginio, Maria Repnikova and Nicole Stremlau. (2010) “China in Africa: A
New Approach to Media Development?” University of Oxford. See at
http://global.asc.upenn.edu/fileLibrary/PDFs/chinainafrica.pdf.

Gagliardone, Iginio and Sam Geall. (2014) China in Africa’s Media and
Telecommunications: Cooperation, Connectivity and Control, Norwegian Peacebuilding
Resource Centre (April). See at
http://noref.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/7880fd6b12b93bdd18eddcbd4
f4e207f.pdf.

Gagne, O’scawn. (2018) “Cultural Distance and FDI: China Africa Perspective,” Open
Journal of Business and Management, 6, pp. 382-399. See at
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJBM_2018042615103331.pdf.

Galadanchi, Bello. (2016) “A Critical Look into United States’ Reactions over China’s
Escalating Trade Influence in Africa,” American Journal of Economics, 6 (5), pp. 250-
261. See at http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.economics.20160605.02.html.

Galal, Mohamed Noman. (2006) “China-Arab Forum and Its Connotations to China-
Africa Forum,” unpublished paper delivered at conference in South Africa 16-17 October
hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-16. See at http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Galal_China-Arab
%20Forum.pdf.

Galchu, Jarso. (2018) “The Beijing Consensus versus the Washington Consensus: The
Dilemma of Chinese Engagement in Africa,” African Journal of Political Science and
International Relations 12 (1) January, pp. 1-9. See at
http://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/EA2069655609.
 84

Gallagher, Kevin P., Rohini Kamal, Yongzhong, and Yanning Chen. (2016) Fueling
Growth and Financing Risk: The Benefits and Risks of China’s Development Finance in
the Global Energy Sector,” Global Economic Governance Initiative working paper 002
(May). See at http://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/files/2016/05/Fueling-
Growth.FINAL_.July_.pdf.

Galtung, Johan. (1987) “The Chinese Path to Development” in Learning from China:
Development and Environment in Third World Countries by Bernhard Glaeser (ed.).
London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 32-55.

Gao Jinyuan. (1984) “China and Africa: The Development of Relations over Many
Centuries,” African Affairs, 83 (331), pp. 241-250.

Garratt, Colin. (1961) “China as a Foreign Aid Donor,” Far Eastern Economic Review,
31 (1), pp. 81, 84-87.

Garrett, Banning. (2006) “US-China Relations in the Era of Globalization and Terror: A
Framework for Analysis,” Journal of Contemporary China, 15 (48), pp. 389-415.

Garver, John W. (1993) Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Gathaiya, Robert Njagi, John Kinyua, Philip Machuki, and Victor Keraro. (2014) “The
Impact of Foreign Direct Investments by Chinese Companies in Kenya,” International
Journal of Management & Business Studies 4 (1) January-March, pp. 9-17. See at
http://www.ijmbs.com/41/robert.pdf.

Gathii, James T. (2013) “Beyond China’s Human Rights Exceptionalism in Africa:

Leveraging Science, Technology and Engineering for Long-Term Growth,” Columbia
Journal of Transnational Law, 64, pp. 664-695. See at
http://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1558&context=facpubs.

Gaudilliere, Pierre. (2014) From Pivot to Symmetry? Integrating Africa in the Rebalance
to Asia. Air War College thesis. See at
http://www.faoa.org/Resources/Documents/GAUDILLIERE.pdf.

Gaudreau, Matthew. (2016) “Plurality in China’s South-South Cooperation: The Case of

Rice Projects in Mali,” in Facing China as a New Global Superpower: Domestic and
International Dynamics ed. by Huhua Cao and Jeremy Paltiel, pp. 217-240. Singapore:
Springer.

Gaye, Adama. (2006) Chine-Afrique: Le Dragon et l’Autruche. Paris: L’Harmattan.

__________. (2007) “China’s Time is Right,” New African, issue 462 (May), pp. 144-
146.
 85

Gazibo, Mamoudou. (2014) “Can Africa Benefit from Its Booming Cooperation with
China? The State Capacity Factor in Comparative Perspective,” in Africa’s Growing Role
in World Politics ed. by Tatiana Deych et. al. Moscow: Institute for African Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 200-208.

__________ and Olivier Mbabia. (2012) “Reordering International Affairs: The Forum
on China-Africa Cooperation,” Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International
Relations 1 (1) January-June, pp. 51-74.

Gbadamosi, Ayantunji and Ayodele C. Oniku. (2009) “The Strategic Implications of

China’s Economic Pacts with Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Case of Nigeria,”
Conference of the International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 1 (18), pp. 115-130. See at
http://www.openaccesslibrary.org/images/AUS241_Ayantunji_Gbadamosi.pdf.

Gebre Selassie Araya Giday. (2012) Interdependence in China-Africa Aid Relations. MA

thesis, Lund University. See at http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=3049546&fileOId=3049549.

Gebregeorgis Abraha Kahissay. (2016) Ethio-China Economic Relations: Nature of

China’s Foreign Direct Investment. MA thesis, Addis Ababa University (June). See at
http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/10113/1/5.Gebregeorgis%20Abraha.pdf.

Gedalof, Irene, Steven Orlov and Herman Rosenfeld. (1977) “China and Angola:
Supporting Liberation, Opposing Intervention,” New China, 3 (1), pp. 31-35.

Geeraerts, Gustaaf and Jonathan Holslag. (2007) “The Pandragon: China’s Dual
Diplomatic Identity,” BICCS Asia Paper, 2 (1), pp. 1-15. See at
www.vub.ac.be/biccs/publications.htm.

Gehrold, Stefan and Lena Tietze. (2011) “Far from Altruistic: China’s Presence in
Senegal,” KAS International Reports, no. 11, pp. 90-118. See at
http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_29405-544-2-30.pdf?111114144406.

Gelb, Stephen. (2010) Foreign Direct Investment between South Africa and China.
Johannesburg: The Edge Institute. See at
http://www.tips.org.za/files/foreign_direct_investment_links_between_south_africa.pdf.

Geldenhuys, Deon. (1997) “The Politics of South Africa’s ‘China Switch’,” Issues and
Studies, 33 (7), pp. 93-131.

George, Antony. (2010) “Deployment of PLA Navy Ships in the Gulf of Aden for
Countering Piracy: Ramifications for India,” Naval Despatch, vol. 70 (September), 1-7.

George, Mark (2009) “China-Africa Two-way Trade – Recent Developments,” The

China Monitor (February), pp. 4-9.
 86

German, Laura A., George C. Schoneveld, Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff and Davison

Gumbo. (2011) “Chinese Trade and Investment and Its Impacts on Forests: A Scoping
Study in the Miombo Woodlands,” Center for International Forestry Research working
paper number 84, pp. 1-86. See at
www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP84German.pdf.

German, Laura A. and Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff. (2012) “Sino-Mozambican Relations

and Their Implications for Forests,” Center for International Forestry Research working
paper number 93, pp. 1-67. See at www.cifor.org/library/3796/sino-mozambican-
relations-and-their-implications-for-forests-a-preliminary-assessment-for-the-case-of-
mozambique/.

German Development Institute. (2017) “New Opportunities for EU-China-Africa

Trilateral Cooperation on Combatting Climate Change,” briefing paper # 3. See at
https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP_3.2017.pdf.

Getahun Zewde. (2017) “Post 2006 Ethio-China Trade Relations: Challenges and
Prospects,” Asian Research Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 3 (2), pp. 1-11. See at
http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/ARJASS_45/2017/May/Zewde322017A
RJASS33141.pdf.

Ggoobi, Ramathan and Julian Barungi. (2016) Socio-Economic Effects of Chinese

Agricultural Investments on the Environment and Local Livelihoods in Uganda. ACODE
Policy Research Paper no. 78. See at http://www.acode-
u.org/Files/Publications/PRS_78.pdf.

Ghana. Ministry of Information. (1972) Nkrumah’s Deception of Africa. Accra: State

Publishing Corporation.

__________. (1972) Nkrumah’s Subversion in Africa: Documentary Evidence of

Nkrumah’s Interference in the Affairs of Other African States. Accra: State Publishing
Corporation.

Ghazvinian, John. (2007) Untapped: The Scramble for Africa’s Oil. Orlando, FL:
Harcourt, Inc.

Ghiselli, Andrea. (2016) “China’s First Overseas Base in Djibouti, An Enabler of Its
Middle East Policy,” China Brief, 16 (2) (26 January), pp. 6-9.

Gholz, Eugene, Umul Awan, and Ehud Ronn. (2017) “Financial and Energy Security
Analysis of China’s Loan-for-oil Deals,” Energy Research & Social Science, 24
(February), pp. 42-50.

Giannecchini, Phillip. (2011) “Chinese Special Economic Zones in Africa,” The China
Monitor (September), pp. 10-14.
 87

Gibson, Richard. (1972) African Liberation Movements: Contemporary Struggles against

White Minority Rule. London: Oxford University Press.

Giese, Karsten. (2013) “Same—Same But Different: Chinese Traders’ Perspectives on

African Labor,” The China Journal, no. 69 (January), pp. 134-153.

__________. (2014) Perceptions, Practices and Adaptations: Understanding Chinese-

African Interactions in Africa,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43 (1), pp. 3-8.

__________. (2015) “Adaptation and Learning among Chinese Actors in Africa,”

Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44 (1), pp. 3-8.

__________ and Alena Thiel. (2014) “The Vulnerable Other – Distorted Equity in
Chinese-Ghanaian Employment Relations,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37 (6), pp. 1101-
1120.

__________. (2015) “Chinese Factor in the Space, Place and Agency of Female Head
Porters in Urban Ghana,” Social and Cultural Geography, 16 (4), pp. 444-464.

__________. (2015) “The Psychological Contract in Chinese-African Informal Labor

Relations,” The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26 (14), pp.
1807-1826.

__________. (2017) “Chinese Traders in Ghana: The Liminality Trap, and Challenges for
Ethnic Formation and Integration,” in Contemporary Chinese Diasporas by Min Zhou
(ed.). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 53-77.

__________ and Laurence Marfaing (eds.). (2016) Entrepreneurs Africains et Chinois.

Les Impacts Sociaux d’une Rencontre Particulière. Paris: Karthala.

Gieg, Philip. (2016) “Same Same but Different? India-Africa Relations and Chinese
Involvement in the Continent,” Insight on Africa, 8 (1), January, pp. 40-58. See at
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0975087815612291.

Gill, Bates. (2007) Rising Star: China’s New Security Diplomacy. Washington: The
Brookings Institution.

__________, Chin-hao Huang and Stephen Morrison. (2007) “Assessing China’s

Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, 3 (3), pp. 3-21.

__________. (2007) “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United
States: A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations
November 28-December 1, 2006.” Washington: Center for Strategic and International
Studies, pp. 1-40.
 88

__________ and James Reilly. (2007) “The Tenuous Hold of China Inc. in Africa,” The
Washington Quarterly, 30 (3), pp. 37-52.

__________ and Yanzhong Huang. (2006) “Sources of Limits of Chinese ‘Soft Power’,”
Survival, 48 (2), pp. 17-35.

__________ and Chin-hao Huang. (2009) “China’s Expanding Peacekeeping Role: Its
Significance and the Policy Implications,” SIPRI Policy Brief (February). See at
http://books.sipri.org/files/misc/SIPRIPB0902,pdf.

__________. (2009) “China’s Expanding Role in Peacekeeping: Prospects and Policy

Implications, SIPRI Policy Paper, no. 25 (November), pp. 1-36.

Gilles, Angelo. (2015) “The Social Construction of Guangzhou as a Translocal Trading

Place,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44 (4), pp. 17-47.

Gillespie, Sandra. (2001) South-South Transfer: A Study of Sino-African Exchanges. New

York: Routledge.

__________. (2006) “Voices of African Students in China,” unpublished paper presented

at China-Africa workshop in Hong Kong 11-12 November, pp.1-59. See at
www.cctr.ust.hk.china-africa/papers/Gillespie,Sandra.pdf.

Gilpin, Raymond. (2006) “China in Africa: An Analysis of Recent Developments,” The

Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University, Washington, D.C.
unpublished paper (October), pp. 1-12.

Ginsburgs, George. (1975) “The Soviet View of Chinese Influence in Africa and Latin
America” in Soviet and Chinese Influence in the Third World by Alvin Z. Rubinstein
(ed.). New York: Praeger, pp. 197-220.

Giovannetti, Giorgia and Marco Sanfilippo. (2009) “Do Chinese Exports Crowd-out
African Goods? An Econometric Analysis by Country and Sector,” European Journal of
Development Research, 21 (4), pp. 506-530.

__________. (2011) “China’s Economic Cooperation with Africa,” Journal of African

Development, 13 (1 & 2), pp. 143-176.

Giralt, Nuria. (2007) Chinese Aid to Africa: A Foreign Policy Tool for Political Support.
MA thesis, University of Witwatersrand.

Girouard, Étienne. (2008) China in Africa: Neo-colonialism or a New Avenue for South-
South Cooperation? (April). Canada’a Coalition to End Global Poverty. See at
http://www.ccic.ca/_files/en/working_groups/003_acf_2008-04_china_in_africa.pdf.
 89

Giry, Stéphanie. (2004) “China’s Africa Strategy: Out of Beijing,” The New Republic,
231 (20), pp. 19, 22-23.

Glans, Nazgol. (2014) “Chinese OFDI and Private Companies in Ethiopia:

Industrialization and Employment Opportunities,” Lund University. See at
http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=4457987&fileOId=4457988.

Glaser, Bonnie S. (2007) “Ensuring the ‘Go Abroad’ Policy Serves China’s Domestic
Priorities,” China Brief, 7 (5), pp. 2-5.

__________ and Evan S. Medeiros. (2007) “The Changing Ecology of Foreign Policy-
Making in China: The Ascension and Demise of the Theory of “‘Peaceful Rise,’” The
China Quarterly, no. 190 (June), pp. 291-310.

Glaubitz, Joachim. (1974) “China and International Organizations,” in China and the
Current Era of Détente by Centre d’Etude du Sud-Est Asiatique et de l’Extrême Orient
(ed.). Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles, pp. 167-182.

Gleijeses, Piero. (2002) Conflicting Missions Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-
1976. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Global Witness. (2011) “China and Congo: Friends in Need,” (March). See at
www.globalwitness.org/sites/default/files/library/friends_in_need_en_lr.pdf.

Global Witness. (2016) “River of Gold,” (5 July). See at

https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/democratic-republic-congo/river-of-gold-
drc/.

Globethics.net (2015) Sustainable Business Relations between China and Africa: Report
on the Dialogue in South Africa 25-27 August 2014. Geneva. See at
http://www.globethics.net/documents/4289936/13403252/GE_Focus_26_web.pdf/097d2
323-7d42-45da-ba83-15f21e08ee55.

Godement, François, Dragan Pavlicevic, Agatha Kratz, Abigaël Vasselier, and Moritz
Rudolf. (2017) China and the Mediterranean: Open for Business? European Council on
Foreign Relations (June). See at
http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/China_Analysis_June_2017.pdf.

Goethals, Samentha, Jean-Pierre Okenda and Raphael Mbaya. (2009) “Chinese Mining
Operations in Katanga Democratic Republic of the Congo,” executive summary
published by Rights and Accountability in Development (September), pp. 1-6. See at
http://raid-uk.org/docs/ChinaAfrica/EXSUM%20ENG%20LR.pdf.
 90

Gold, Kafilah and Evelyn S. Devadason. (2015) “Chinese Engagement in Nigeria’s Oil
and Mining: Positive Transformation?” SSRN. See at
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2649762.

Goldstein, Andrea, Nicolas Pinaud, Helmut Reisen and Xiabao Chen. (2006) The Rise of
China and India: What’s in it for Africa? Paris: OECD Publishing.

Goldstein, Lyle J. (2008) “Cold Wars at Sea,” Armed Forces Journal (April), pp. 14-17
and 43-44.

Golia, Maria. (2007) “Egypt’s China Fever,” The Middle East, Issue 376 (March), pp. 38-
40.

Gong, Sasha. (2007) “Chinese Workers in Africa,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27

April, pp. 1-3. See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/80.pdf.

Gonondo, Jean. (2017) “Africa and China Higher Education Cooperation: Establishing
Knowledge Sharing Partnership between Students,” Journal of Educdation and Practice,
8 (10), pp. 17-28. See at http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1139625.pdf.

Gonzalez-Vicente, Ruben. (2011) “China’s Engagement in South America and Africa’s

Extractive Sectors: New Perspectives for Resource Curse Theories,” The Pacific Review,
24 (1), pp. 65-87.

Goode, Richard. (2006) “Impact of China and India on Sub-Saharan African Metals, Ores
and Minerals – Issues and Challenges,” AERC Study (December 31), pages 1-22. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/GoodeR_MetalsOresMine
ral.pdf.

Gordon, Ruth. (2012) The Environmental Implications of China’s Engagement with Sub-
Saharan Africa. Villanova University School of Law working paper no. 175. See at
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1185&context=wps.

Gosier, Jonathan D. (2008) “The Next 2 Billion: SinoAfrica Rising,” Appfrica.net (27
August). See at http://appfrica.net/blog/archives/293.

Goud, R. Sidda and Manisha Mookherjee (eds.). (2015) China in Indian Ocean Region.
New Delhi, India: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Gountin, V. Maurice. (2006) “China’s Assistance to Africa, a Stone Bridge of Sino-

African Relations,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-13. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-
africa/papers/Gountin,Maurice.pdf.

__________. (2008) “What Do Chinese Scholars Know about Africa?” Pambazuka News
(20 November). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/52086.
 91

__________. (2009) “China’s Cultural Interest in Sino-African Cultural Exchanges,”

Pambazuka News (31 January). See at
www.pampazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53759.

Grassi, Sergio. (2014) Changing the Narrative: China’s Media Offensive in Africa.
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung paper (April). See at http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/10700.pdf.

Greenberg, Ilan. (2008) “Changing the Rules of the Game,” New York Times Magazine,
(30 March), pp. 52-57.

Greenpeace. (2015) Africa’s Fisheries’ Paradise at a Crossroads: Investigating Chinese

Companies’ Illegal Fishing Practices in West Africa, May. See at
http://www.greenpeace.org/africa/Global/africa/graphics/Scam%20on%20the%20African
%20Coast/AFRICA%E2%80%99S%20FISHERIES%E2%80%99%20PARADISE
%20AT%20A%20CROSSROADS_FULL%20REPORT.pdf.

__________. (2015) Scam on the African Coast: The Hidden Face of Chinese and Joint-
Venture Tonnage Fraud in Senegal, Guinea Bissau and Guinea, May, pp. 1-31. See at
https://www.greenpeace.ch/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Scam_African_Coast.pdf.

Greig, Ian. (1977) The Communist Challenge to Africa: An Analysis of Contemporary

Soviet, Cuban and Chinese Policies. London: Foreign Affairs Publishing Company.

Grépin, Karen A., et al. (2014) “China’s Role as a Global Health Donor in Africa: What
Can We Learn from Studying Under Reported Resource Flows?” Globalization and
Health, 10 (84). See at
https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-014-0084-6.

Griffith, William E. (1966) “Background on Communism in Africa,” in Sino-Soviet

Rivalry: Implications for U.S. Policy by Clement J. Zablocki (ed.). New York: Frederick
A. Praeger, pp. 119-124.

Grigg, Sarah. (2012) “Strategic Development vs Neocolonialism: Explaining China-

Africa Relations,” Journal of the Martin School: International Studies, 4 (1), pp. 12-21.
See at https://www.uidaho.edu/class/international-studies/journal/previous-issues.

Grimm, Sven. (2008) “The Triangle China-Africa-Europe – Why Co-operate and How?”
paper presented to EDC2020 (29 October). See at
www.edc2020.eu/fileadmin/Textdateien/EDC2020_brief_China-Africa-Europe.pdf.

__________ (2011) “Engaging with China in Africa-Trilateral Cooperation as an

Option?” European Development Cooperation Policy Brief, no. 9 (February), pp. 1-4.
See at www.edc2020.eu/112.0.html.

__________. (2011) “China as Africa’s Ambiguous Ally—Why China Has a

Responsibility for Africa’s Development,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch
 92

University, discussion paper no. 1. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-

content/uploads/2011/06/DS-1-2011.pdf.

__________. (2012) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) – Political

Rationale and Functioning,” Centre for Chinese Studies Policy Briefing (May), pp. 1-4.
See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/FOCAC_Policy-
Briefing_political_final.pdf.

__________. (2012) “Sustainability in China-Africa Relations – ‘Greening’ FOCAC,”

The China Monitor, issue 71 (May), pp. 4-11.

__________. (2014) “China-Africa Cooperation: Promises, Practice and Prospects,”

Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (90). pp. 993-1011.

__________. (2015) “Placing FOCAC in Its South-South Co-operation Narrative,” The

China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp. 32-41.

__________, et al. (2010) “Coordinating China and DAC Development Partners:

Challenges to the Aid Architecture in Rwanda,” German Development Institute Study.
See at www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3.nsf/
(ynDK_contentByKey)/ANES-8E5DSB/$FILE/Studies%2056.pdf.

__________, Yejoo Kim, and Ross Anthony. (2014) “South African Relations with China
and Taiwan: Economic Realism and the ‘One-China’ Doctrine,” Centre for Chinese
Studies Research Report, Stellenbosch University, pp. 1-43.

__________ and Christine Hackenesch. (2017) “China in Africa: What Challenges for a
Reforming European Union Development Policy? Illustrations from Country Cases,”
Development Policy Review 35 (4), pp. 549-566. See at
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dpr.12195/pdf.

Grimmett, Richard F. (2000) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations,

1992-1999,” CRS Report for Congress (18 August). See at
www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/crs/RL30640.pdf.

__________. (2002) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1993 to

2000,” Mediterranean Quarterly, 13 (2), pp. 36-55.

__________. (2007) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1999-2006,”

CRS Report for Congress (26 September). See at
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL34187.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2000-2007,”

CRS Report for Congress (23 October). See at
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL34723.pdf.
 93

__________ and Paul K. Kerr. (2012) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing

Nations, 2004-2011.” CRS Report for Congress (24 August). See at
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R42678.pdf.

Gros, Jean-Germain. (2008) “‘Big Think’, Disjointed Incrementalism: Chinese

Economic Success and Policy Lessons for Africa, or the Case for Pan-Africanism,”
African Journal of International Affairs, 11 (2), 55-87.

Grundy, Kenneth W. (1971) Guerrilla Struggle in Africa: An Analysis and Preview. New
York: Grossman Publishers.

Gu Jianxin. (2007) “The Emerging Education Sector in China’s Aid Policy to Africa,”
unpublished paper and power point presentation. See at www.jica.go.jp/jica-
ri/topics/archives/jica/2007/070129_01.html.

Gu, Jing. (2009) “China’s Private Enterprises in Africa and the Implications for African
Development,” European Journal of Development Research, 21 (4), pp. 570-587.

__________. (2009) “What the Global Financial Crisis Means for Chinese Business and
Africa?” power point prepared for the Institute of Development Studies at the University
of Sussex. See at
www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/0320_china_financial_crisis/0320_china_
financial_crisis_remarks.pdf.

__________. (2015) Is China’s Role in African Fragile States Exploitative or

Developmental? Institute of Development Studies issue 91 (March). See at
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08982e5274a27b20000f9/PB91_AGID
422_ChinaRole_online.pdf.

__________ and John Humphrey. (2006) “The Impact of Africa on China,” African
Economic Research Consortium, paper no. ADWP-05 (November), pp. 1-13. See at
www.aercafrica.org/publications/item.asp?itemid=335.

__________ and Dirk Messner. (2007) “Global Governance and Developing Countries:
The Implications of the Rise of China,” German Development Institute Discussion Paper
18, pp. 1-25. See at www.die-gdi.de/die_homepage.nsf/FSepub?OpenFrameset.

__________, John Humphrey and Dirk Messner. (2007) “Global Governance and
Developing Countries: The Implications of the Rise of China,” World Development, 36
(2), pp. 274-292.

__________ and Richard Schiere. (2011) “Post-crisis Prospects for China-Africa

Relations,” African Development Bank Working Paper, no. 124 (May).

__________ and Anthony Carty. (2014) “China and African Development: Partnership
not Mentoring,” IDS Bulletin, 45 (4), pp. 57-69.
 94

__________, Zhang Chuanhong, Alcides Vaz, and Langton Mukwereza. (2016) “Chinese
State Capitalism? Rethinking the Role of the State and Business in Chinese Development
Cooperation in Africa,” World Development, 81, pp. 24-34.

__________, Peter Holmes, Jim Rollo and Sabrina Snell. (2017) China-UK-Africa
Triblateral Cooperation on Trade and Investment: Prospects and Challenges for
Partnership for Africa’s Development. Institute of Development Studies evidence report
218 (January). See at
https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/12727/ER218_ChinaU
KAfricaTrilateralCooperationonTradeandInvestmentProspectsandChallengesforPartnersh
ipforAfricasDevelopment.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Guenther, Bruce. (2008) “The Asian Drivers and the Resource Curse in Sub-Saharan
Africa: The Potential Impacts of Rising Commodity Prices for Conflict and Governance
in the DRC,” The European Journal of Development Research, 20 (2), 347-363.

Guérin, Émmanuel. (2008) “Chinese Assistance to Africa: Characterization and Position

Regarding the Global Governance of Development Aid,” Global Governance, no. 3, pp.
1-10. See at www.iddri.org.

Gueriviere, Jean de la. (1973) “Sharp Increase Recorded in Chinese Economic Aid to
Africa,” Le Monde (translated from French), March, pp. 1, 5. JPRS Translations on
Africa, 213 (58625) no. 1289, pp. 6-11.

Guerrero, Dorothy-Grace and Firoze Manji (eds.). (2008) China’s New Role in Africa and
the South: A Search for a New Perspective. Nairobi: Fahamu Books.

Guillon, Marlène and Jacky Mathonnat. (2017) “Is There a Strategy in China’s Health
Official Development Assistance to African Countries?” Archives-ouvertes (May). See at
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01519715/document.

Guloba, Madina, Nicholas Kilimani and Winnie Nabiddo. (2010) “Impact of China-
Africa Aid Relations: A Case Study of Uganda,” AERC Study (May), pp. 1-41. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Uganda_Aid_Relations.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Aid Relations: The Case of Uganda,”
Policy Brief, issue 10 (November), pp. 1-3. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-
africa-policybriefs/UgandaPB10.pdf.

Guillaume-Gentil, Anne, et. al. (2005) “Dossier Chine-Afrique,” Marchés Tropicaux, 60

(3122), pp. 6-20.

Guillaumont Jeanneney, Sylviane and Ping Hua. (2015) “China’s African Financial
Engagement, Real Exchange Rates and Trade between China and Africa,” Journal of
African Economies, 24 (1), pp. 1-25.
 95

Gunasekera, Don, Yiyong Cai, and David Newth. (2015) “Effects of Foreign Direct
Investment in African Agriculture,” China Agricultural Economic Review, 7 (2), pp. 167-
184.

Gunness, Kristen. (2006) “China’s Military Diplomacy in an Era of Change,” paper

prepared for a National Defense University symposium on 20 June, pp. 1-8. See at
www.ndu.edu/inss/symposia/pacific2006/Gunnesspaper.pdf.

Gurtov, Melvin. (1965) “Communist China’s Foreign Aid Program,” Current History, 49
(289), pp. 150-154 and 181.

Hackenesch, Christine. (2011) “Competing for Development? The European Union and
China in Ethiopia,” Centre for Chinese Studies Discussion Paper, Stellenbosch University
(November). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2011/11/DP3_Hackenesch_China-and-EU-in-Ethiopia-for-
CCS_final1.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Aid Donor Meets Strategic Partner? The European Union’s and
China’s Relations with Ethiopia,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 42 (1), pp. 7-36.

__________. (2015) “Not As Bad As It Seems: EU and US Democracy Promotion Faces

China in Africa,” Democratization, 22 (3), pp. 419-437.

Haddad-Fonda, Kyle. (2014) “The Domestic Significance of China’s Policy toward

Egypt, 1955-1957,” The Chinese Historical Review, 21 (1) (May), pp. 45-64.

__________. (2014) “An Illusory Alliance: Revolutionary Legitimacy and Sino-Algerian

Relations, 1958-1962,” The Journal of North African Studies, 19 (3), pp. 338-357.

__________. (2018) The EU and China in African Authoritarian Regimes: Domestic

Politics Governance Reforms. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hagelin, Björn, Mark Bromley and Siemon T. Wezeman. (2006) “International Arms
Transfers,” SIPRI Yearbook 2006: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security,
pp. 449-476. See at www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/atpubs.html.

Haggai, Kanenga. (2016) “Understanding Sino-Zambia Trade Relations: Trends,

Determinants and Policy Implications,” World Journal of Social Sciences and
Humanities, 2 (2), pp. 52-77.

Haglund, Dan. (2008) “Regulating FDI in Weak African States: A Case Study of Chinese
Copper Mining in Zambia.” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 46 (4), pp. 547-575.
 96

__________. (2009) “In It for the Long Term? Governance and Learning among Chinese
Investors in Zambia’s Copper Sector,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp.
627-646.

__________. (2009) “Regulating Diversity: China and the Changing Composition of

Zambia’s Mining Sector,” The China Monitor (September), pp. 8-11.

__________. (2010) “Policy Effectiveness and China’s Investment in the Zambian

Mining Sector,” SAIIA Policy Briefing 19 (July). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_19_haglund_20100729.pdf.

Haibin Niu, (2011) “A Chinese Perspective on South Africa as an Emerging Power:

Global, Regional and Bilateral Implications,” Centre for Chinese Studies Discussion
Paper (December, 4/2011), Stellenbosch University, pp. 1-13. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2012/01/Discussion-Paper_NIUHaibin_final.pdf.

Haifang Liu. (2008) “China-Africa Relations through the Prism of Culture – The
Dynamics of China’s Cultural Diplomacy with Africa,” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 10-44.

Hairong, Yan and Barry Sautman. (2009) “Chinese Activities in Zambia: More than Just
Mining,” The China Monitor (September) pp. 4-7.

__________. (2010) “Chinese Farms in Zambia: From Socialist to ‘Agro-Imperialist’

Engagement?” African and Asian Studies, 9 (3), pp. 307-333.

__________. (2013) “‘The Beginning of a World Empire’? Contesting the Discourse of

Chinese Copper Mining in Zambia,” Modern China, 39 (2), pp. 131-164.

Hale, David. (2006) “China’s Economic Takeoff: Implications for Africa,” Brenthurst
Discussion Papers, no. 1, pp. 1-18. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/files/brenthurst_commissioned_reports/bd0601_chinas
_econ_takeoff.pdf.

Halff, Antoine. (2007) “Africa on My Mind: The Panda Menace,” The National Interest,
no. 90 (July/August), pp. 35-41.

Hall, Richard. (1969) “Chairman Mao and the Tan-Zam Railway,” in The High Price of
Principles: Kaunda and the White South by Richard Hall. New York: Africana Publishing
Corporation, pp. 209-223.

__________ and Hugh Peyman. (1976) The Great Uhuru Railway: China’s Showpiece in
Africa. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd.

Halper, Stefan. (2010) The Beijing Consensus: How China’s Authoritarian Model Will
Dominate the Twenty-First Century. New York: Basic Books.
 97

Halpern, A.M. (1961) “The Foreign Policy Uses of the Chinese Revolutionary Model,”
The China Quarterly, no. 7 (July-September), pp. 1-16.

Hamrell, Sven and Carl Gösta Widstrand (eds.). (1964) The Soviet Bloc, China and
Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: The Scandinavian Institute of African Affairs.

Han Yi and Zhang Quanui. (2018) Understand China’s Foreign Aid to Africa from a
Historical and Chinese Ethical Perspectives Since 1955. Pageo (8 February). See at
http://www.geopolitika.hu/en/2018/02/08/understand-chinas-foreign-aid-to-africa-from-a-
historical-and-chinese-ethical-perspectives-since-1955/.

Hanauer, Larry and Lyle J. Morris. (2014) Chinese Engagement in Africa: Drivers,
Reactions, and Implications for U.S. Policy. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

Hanisch, Sarah. (2013) “At the Margins of the Economy? Chinese Migrants in Lesotho’s
Wholesale and Retail Sector,” Africa Spectrum, 48 (3), pp. 85-97.

Hankings-Evans, Anna. (2016) “Power and Justice in International Investment Law:

China’s Rise and Its Extra-territorial Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis the African
Host State Population,” The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 6-53.

Hanson, Stephanie. (2008) “China, Africa, and Oil,” Council on Foreign Relations
Backgrounder (6 June). See at www.cfr.org/publication/9557/china_africa_and_oil.html?
breadcrumb=%2F.

Hanusch, Marek. (2012) “African Perspectives on China-Africa: Modelling Popular

Perceptions and Their Economic and Political Determinants,” Oxford Development
Studies, 40 (4), pp. 492-516.

Harding, Harry. (1978) Chinese Foreign Policy in the Post-Mao Era. New York: The
China Council of the Asia Society, pp. 1-36.

Hare, Paul. (2006) “China in Angola: An Emerging Energy Partnership,” China Brief, 6
(22), pp. 4-6.

__________. (2007) “China and Zambia: The All-Weather Friendship Hits Stormy
Weather,” China Brief, 7 (5), pp. 7-9.

Harneit-Sievers, Axel, Stephen Marks and Sanusha Naidu (eds.) (2010) Chinese and
African Perspectives on China in Africa. Kampala, Uganda: Pambazuka Press.

Haroz, David. (2011) “China in Africa: Symbiosis or Exploitation?” The Fletcher Forum
of World Affairs, 35 (2), pp. 65-88. See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/579fc2ad725e253a86230610/t/57ec8dfd44024301f
57ad24f/1475120638670/Haroz_FA.pdf.
 98

Harris, Karen L. (1999) “‘Accepting the Group, but Not the Area’: The South African
Chinese and the Group Area Act,” South African Historical Journal, no. 40 (May), pp.
179-201.

__________. (2004) “Private and Confidential: The Chinese Mine Labourers and
‘Unnatural Crime’,” South African Historical Journal, no. 50, pp. 115-133.

__________. (2006) “‘Not a Chinaman’s Chance’: Chinese Labour in South Africa and
the United States of America,” Historia, 52 (2), 177-197.

__________. (2010) “Anti-Sinicism: Roots in Pre-industrial Colonial Southern Africa,”

African and Asian Studies, 9 (3), pp. 213-231.

__________. (2014) “Paper Trail: Chasing the Chinese in the Cape (1904-1933),”
Kronos, 40 (1), pp. 133-153. See at http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/kronos/v40n1/06.pdf.

Harris, Lillian Craig. (1985) China’s Foreign Policy toward the Third World. New York:
Praeger.

__________. (1994) “Myth and Reality in China’s Relations with the Middle East” in
Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice by Thomas W. Robinson and David
Shambaugh (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 322-347.

__________ and Robert L. Worden (eds.). (1986) China and the Third World: Champion
or Challenger? Dover, MA: Auburn House Publishing Co.

Harrison, Philip, Khangelani Moyo and Yan Yang. (2012) “Strategy and Tactics: Chinese
Immigrants and Diasporic Spaces in Johannesburg, South Africa,” Journal of Southern
African Studies, 38 (4), pp. 899-925.

Harrison, Philip, Yan Yang, and Khangelani Moyo. (2017) “Visual Representations in
South Africa and the Chinese People,” Journal of African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp.
25-45.

Hartig, Falk. (2014) “The Globalization of Chinese Soft Power: Confucius Institutes in
South Africa,” in Confucius Institutes and the Globalization of China’s Soft Power. Los
Angeles: Figueroa Press, pp. 47-66.

Hartung, William D. (2008) “Deadly Traffic: China’s Arms Trade with the Sudan,” Arms
and Security Initiative Policy Brief, New America Foundation (August), pp. 1-4. See at
www.newamerica.net/files/080606PBChinaArmsTrade.pdf.

Harvey, Ross. (2014) “Nationalism with Chinese Characteristics: How Does it Affect the
Competitiveness of South Africa’s Mining Industry?” South African Institute of
International Affairs policy briefing 93 (May), pp. 1-4.
 99

Haslam, Thomas J., Huan Wang, and Tianyan Deng. (2015) “China-Africa Trade and
Investment: Moving Beyond the Neocolonial Debate,” Journal of Economics, Business
and Management, 3 (9), September, pp. 875-882. See at
http://www.joebm.com/papers/301-BM00025.pdf.

Hassid, Jonathan and Jennifer N. Brass. (2015) “Scandals, Media and Good Governance
in China and Kenya,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50 (3), pp. 325-342.

Hatch, John. (1970) “China and Africa,” New Statesman (28 August), p. 230.

Hatcher, Jaimie. (2013) “China’s Growing Indian Ocean Maritime Interests: Sowing the
Seed of Conflict?” Soundings, no. 2 (October) pp. 1-19. See at
http://navyvic.net/news/documents/Soundings_2.pdf.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø. (2011) “Chinese Exports to Africa: Competition, Complementarity

and Cooperation between Micro-Level Actors,” Forum for Development Studies, 38 (2),
June, pp. 157-176. See at https://www.sv.uio.no/iss/personer/vit/heidiha/Haugen
%202011%20(Chinese%20exports%20to%20Africa).pdf.

__________. (2012) “Nigerians in China: A Second State of Immobility,” International

Migration 50 (2) April, pp. 65-80.

__________. (2013) “African Pentecostal Migrants in China: Marginalization and the

Alternative Geography of a Mission Theology,” African Studies Review, 56 (1), pp. 81-
102.

__________. (2013) “China’s Recruitment of African University Students: Policy

Efficacy and Unintended Outcomes,” Globalisation, Societies and Education, 11 (2), pp.
315-334.

__________. (2018) “From Pioneers to Professionals: African Brokers in a Maturing

Marketplace,” African Studies Quarterly, 17 (4), pp. 45-62.

__________. (2018) “Petty Commodities, Serious Business: The Governance of Fashion

Jewellery Chains between China and Ghana,” Global Networks, 18 (2), pp. 307-325.

__________. (2019) “Residence Registration in China’s Immigration Control: Africans in

Guangzhou,” in Destination China: Immigration to China in the Post-Reform Era ed. by
Angela Lehmann and Pauline Leonard. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 45-64.

__________ and Jørgen Carling. (2005) “On the Edge of the Chinese Diaspora: The
Surge of Baihuo Business in an African City,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28 (4), pp. 639-
662.

Hawkins, Tony. (2006) “Design or Desperation: Trade and Investment in Post-Mugabe

Zimbabwe,” African Analyst, no. 1 (third quarter), pp. 60-68.
 100

He Qinglian. (2007) “The Sino-African Cooperation against Human Rights,” China

Rights Forum, no. 1, pp. 41-42. See at http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-
2007-1_complete.pdf.

He Wenping. (1998) “China-Africa Relations Facing the 21st Century,” in Africa Beyond
2000 by Institute of West Asian and African Studies (ed.). Beijing: Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences, pp. 393-411.

__________. (2006). “China-Africa Relations Moving into an Era of Rapid

Development,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 3-6.

__________. (2006) “Engaging with NEPAD: A View from China,” unpublished paper
presented at a conference in South Africa 16-17 October hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-4. See
at http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/HeWenping_Engaging%20with%20NEPAD.pdf.

__________. (2006) “Moving Forward with the Time: The Evolution of China’s African
Policy,” unpublished paper presented at a workshop on Africa-China in Hong Kong 11-12
November, pp. 1-14. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/.

__________. (2007) “The Balancing Act of China’s Africa Policy,” China Security, 3 (3),
p. 23-40.

__________. (2007) “Sino-US Cooperation Can Benefit Africa Even More,” China Daily
(April 10). See at www.china.org.cn/english/international/206672.htm.

__________. (2007) “Voyage to Africa,” Beijing Review, 50 (6), pp. 10-11.

__________. (2008) “How to Promote ‘All-round Cooperation’ between China and

Africa,” The African Executive. See at
www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/article_print.php?article=3157.

__________. (2008) “Promoting Political Development through Democratic Change in

Africa,” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), pp. 32-43.

__________. (2009) “China’s African Policy: Driving Forces, Features and Global
Impact,” Africa Review, 1 (1), pp. 35-53.

__________. (2010) “Overturning the Wall: Building China’s Soft Power in Africa,”
China Security, 6 (1), pp. 63-69.

__________. (2014) “People-Oriented” Pubic Diplomacy: The Key for China’s Soft
Power Building in Africa. Paper presented at the international conference on China and
Africa Media, Communications and Public Diplomacy in Beijing. See at
https://www.cmi.no/file/2912-.pdf.
 101

Heginbotham, Eric. (2007) “Evaluating China’s Strategy toward the Developing World”
in China and the Developing World by Joshua Eisenman, Eric Heginbotham and Derek
Mitchell (eds.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 189-216.

Hellendorff, Bruno. (2011) “China and DRC: Africa’s Next Top Models?” Université
Catholique de Louvain (February), pp. 1-53. See at
https://www.uclouvain.be/cps/ucl/doc/pols/documents/NA13-INBEV-ALL.pdf.

Hellström, Jerker. (2009) “China’s Emerging Role in Africa: A Strategic Overview,”

Swedish Defense Research Agency (May). See at
www.foi.se/upload/projects/Africa/China’s%20Emerging%20Role%20in%20Africa%20-
%20a%20Strategic%20Overview.pdf.

Henriksen, Thomas H. (1976) “People’s War in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-

Bissau,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 14 (3). pp. 377-399.

__________. (1981) “Communism, Communist States, and Africa” in Communist

Powers and Sub-Saharan Africa by Thomas H. Henriksen (ed.). Stanford: Hoover
Institution Press, pp. 111-130.

Henry, Jérôme. (2016) “China’s Militry Deployments in the Gulf of Aden: Anti-Piracy
and Beyond,” Asie.Visions, 89 (November). See at
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/chinas_military_deployments_in_the_g
ulf_of_aden_anti-piracy_and_beyond_0.pdf.

Hensengerth, Oliver. (2011) “Interaction of Chinese Institutions with Host Governments

in Dam Construction: The Bui Dam in Ghana,” German Development Institute
Discussion Paper no. 3. See at www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/DP_3.2001.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Hydropower Companies and Environmental Norms in

Countries of the Global South: The Involvement of Sinohydro in Ghana’s Bui Dam,”
Environment, Development and Sustainability 15 (2), pp. 285-300.

__________ and Waltina Scheumann (2011) “Interaction of Chinese Institutions with

Host Governments in Dam Construction: The Bui Dam in Ghana,” The China Monitor
(May), pp. 4-7.

Henson, Spencer and Fiona Yap (eds.). (2016) The Power of the Chinese Dragon:
Implications for African Development and Economic Growth. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.

Henze, Paul B. (1992) “Africa after Communism,” Problems of Communism, 41 (1-2),

pp. 218-222.

Herbst, Jeffrey and Greg Mills. (2009) “Commodity Flux and China’s Africa Strategy,”
China Brief, 9 (2), pp. 4-6.
 102

Herman, Fanie. (2015) China’s African Peacekeeping Decision-Making in the Hu Jintao

Era. Delhi: VIJ Books.

__________. (2015) “Credibility and Signaling as Strategic Drivers in China’s African

Security Engagement,” Chinese Studies, 4, pp. 25-31. See at
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/ChnStd_2015021116372358.pdf.

__________. (2015) “A theoretical Assessment of China’s Rational Choice Decision

Making in African Peacekeeping Operations,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research, 3 (2), pp. 11-20. See at http://www.multidisciplinaryjournals.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/05/A-THEORETICAL-ASSESSMENT-OF-CHINA
%E2%80%99S-RATIONAL-CHOICE-DECISION-MAKING-IN-AFRICAN-
PEACEKEEPING-OPERATIONS.pdf.

__________. (2018) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: Towards a Path of

Regime Formation in Environmental Conservation,” Africa Review, 10 (1), pp. 101-121.

__________ and Tsai Ming-Yen. (2011) “Preference Over Outcomes: Explaining US-
Sino Oil Diplomacy in Sub-Saharan Africa,” African Journal of Political Science and
International Relations, 5 (8), August, pp. 386-408. See at
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/C79491040733.

Herman, Hayley. (2009) “FOCAC 2009: A New Impetus for Sino-African Relations?”
Pambazuka News, issue 456 (5 November). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/60013.

Hess, Steve and Richard Aidoo. (2010) “Beyond the Rhetoric: Noninterference in China’s
African Policy,” African and Asian Studies, 9 (3), pp. 356-383.

__________. (2014) “Charting the Roots of Anti-Chinese Populism in Africa: A

Comparison of Zambia and Ghana,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49 (2), pp.
129-147.

__________. (2015) Charting the Roots of Anti-Chinese Populism in Africa. Springer:

Heidelberg.

__________. (2016) “Charting the Impact of Subnational Actors in China’s Foreign

Relations: The 2013 Galamsey Crisis in Ghana,” Asian Survey, 56 (2), pp. 301-324.

__________ and Abdoulaye Saine. (2011) “Taming the Dragon: Outlining an African
Response to Growing Chinese Engagement,” African Insight, 40 (4), pp. 53-67.

Hevi, Emmanuel John. (1963) An African Student in China. London: Butler & Tanner
Ltd.
 103

__________. (1966) The Dragon’s Embrace: The Chinese Communists and Africa. New
York: Frederick A. Praeger.

Hilal, Khalid. (2010) “China’s Relations with North Africa,” The China Monitor (May),
pp. 4-8.

Hill, John. (2006) “Beijing Displays Its Human Rights Diplomacy,” Jane’s Intelligence
Review, 18 (9), pp. 50-51.

__________. (2006) “China’s Ambiguity in Sudan,” Jane’s Intelligence Review, 18 (6),

pp. 46-47.

Hilmarsson, Hilmar Bjarni. (2016) “Neo-Colonization or Continental Realization: Sino-

African Interaction Examined and Analyzed,” Reykjavik: Sigillum Universitatis Islandae
(February). See at:
http://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/23551/53665/1/Hilmar_Bjarni_Hilmarsson_BA_Neo
Colonization_or_Continental_Realization.pdf.

Hilsum, Lindsey. (2005) “Re-enter the Dragon: China’s New Mission in Africa,” Review
of African Political Economy, 32 (104/105), pp. 419-425.

__________. (2006) “We Love China,” Granta Publications, (15 January). See at
www.granta.com/extracts/2616.

__________. (2008) “China Faces Reality in Africa,” Review of African Political

Economy, 35 (115), pp. 137-140.

Hinton, Harold C. (1973) China’s Turbulent Quest: An Analysis of China’s Foreign

Relations since 1949. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Hirono, Miwa. (2011) “China’s Charm Offensive and Peacekeeping: The Lessons of
Cambodia – What Now for Sudan?” International Peacekeeping, 18 (3), June, pp. 328-
343.

__________. (2018) Exploring the Links Between Chinese Foreign Policy and
Humanitarian Actiion: Multiple Interests, Processes and Actors. Humanitarian Policy
Group working paper (January). See at
https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12015.pdf.

__________ and Shogo Suzuki. (2014) “Why Do We Need ‘Myth-Busting’ in the Study
of Sino-African Relations?” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (87), pp. 443-461.

Hirth, Friedrich. (1909) “Early Chinese Notices of East African Territories,” Journal of
the American Oriental Society, 30 (1), pp. 46-57.
 104

Ho, Conal Guan-Yow. (2008) “The ‘Doing’ and ‘Undoing’ of Community: Chinese
Networks in Ghana,” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 45-76.

Ho, Elaine L.E. (2017) “The Geo-Social and Global Geographies of Power: Urban
Aspirations of ‘Worlding’ African Students in China,” Geopolitics, 22 (1), pp. 15-33.

Ho, Virginia Harper. (2017) China’s Soft Power in Africa or Real Corporate
Accountability? USIP Peacebrief 232 (September). See at
https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PB232-China-s-Soft-Power-in-Africa-or-Real-
Corporate-Accountability.pdf.

Hodzi, Obert. (2017) “Strategy of ‘Parallels’: China in the South Sudanese Armed
Conflict,” Asia Centre Note no. 14/16. See at
http://www.centreasia.eu/sites/default/files/publications_pdf/14-hodzi-
chinesudsoudan_janv.2017-web.pdf.

Hodzi, Obert, Leon Hartwell, and Nicola de Jager. (2012) “‘Unconditional Aid’:
Assessing the Impact of China’s Development Assistance to Zimbabwe,” South African
Journal of International Affairs, 19 (1), pp. 79-103.

Hofman, Irna and Peter Ho. (2012) “China’s ‘Development Outsourcing’: A Critical
Examination of Chinese Global ‘Land Grabs’ Discourse,” The Journal of Peasant
Studies, 39 (1), January, pp. 1-48.

Hofmann, Katharina. (2006) “Challenges for International Development Cooperation:

The Case of China,” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Briefing Paper, pp. 1-10. See at
http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/04663.pdf.

__________, Jürgen Kretz, Michael Roll and Sebastian Sperling. (2007) “Contrasting
Perceptions: Chinese, African, and European Perspectives on the China-Africa Summit,”
Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft, no. 2, pp. 75-90.

Hofstedt, Todd A. (2009) “China in Africa: An AFRICOM Response,” Naval War

College Review, vol. 62, no. 3 (Summer), 79-100.

Hogwe, Fortune and Handson Banda. (2017) “The Nature of China’s Role in
Development of Africa: The Case of Zimbabwe,” Problems and Perspectives in
Management, 15 (1), pp. 237-247. See at
https://businessperspectives.org/images/pdf/applications/publishing/templates/article/asse
ts/8707/PPM_2017_01cont_Hogwe.pdf.

Holland, Christopher. (2012) “Chinese Attitudes to International Law: China, the Security
Council, Sovereignty, and Intervention,” New York University Journal of International
Law and Politics Online Forum (July). See at http://nyujilp.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/07/Christopher-Holland-China-the-Security-Council-and-
Intervention.pdf.
 105

Holmes, James R. (2007) “China’s Energy Consumption and Opportunities for U.S.-
China Cooperation,” Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review
Commission on 14 June. See at
www.uscc.gov/hearings/2007hearings/hr07_06_14_15.php.

__________ and Toshi Yoshihara. (2006) “Soft Power at Sea: Zheng He and Chinese
Maritime Strategy,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 132 (10), pp. 34-38.

__________. (2008) “China and the United States in the Indian Ocean,” Naval War
College Review, 61 (3), pp. 41-60.

Holslag, Jonathan. (2006) “China’s New Mercantilism in Central Africa,” Asian and
African Studies, 5 (2), pp. 133-169.

__________. (2007) “China’s Diplomatic Victory in Darfur,” Brussels Institute of

Contemporary China Studies Background Paper, pp. 1-11. See at www.ec-
an.eu/files/China’s%20Diplomatic%20Victory%20in%20Darfur.pdf.

__________. (2007) “Friendly Giant? China’s Evolving Africa Policy,” Brussels Institute
of Contemporary China Studies Paper, Asia Paper, 2 (5), pp. 1-19. See at
http://documents.scribd.com/docs/1t5fepao04rjhcrz0wpq.pdf.

__________. (2008) “China’s Diplomatic Manoeuvring on the Question of Darfur,”

Journal of Contemporary China, 17 (54), pp. 71-84.

__________. (2008) “China’s Next Security Strategy for Africa,” Brussels Institute of
Contemporary China Studies Asia Paper, pp. 1-26. See at
www.vub.ac.be/biccs/documents/Holslag,%20Jonathan%202008,%20China%27s
%20New%20Security%20Policy%20for%20Africa,%20BICCS%20Asia%20Paper,
%20vol.%203%20(6).PDF.

__________. (2008) “Chinese Boots on African Soil,” Online Africa Policy Forum, (12
May). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=111.

__________. (2008) “Commerce and Prudence: Revising China’s Evolving Africa

Policy,” International Relations of the Asia Pacific, 8 (3), pp. 325-352.

__________. (2009) “China’s New Security Strategy for Africa,” Parameters, 39 (2), pp.
23-37. See at
http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/articles/09summer/holslag.pdf.

__________. (2009) “Embracing Chinese Global Security Ambitions,” The Washington

Quarterly, vol. 32, no 3 (July 2009), 105-118.
 106

__________. (2011) “China and the Coups: Coping with Political Instability in Africa,”
African Affairs, vol. 110, no. 440 (July), pp. 367-386.

__________. (2013) “The Reluctant Pretender: China’s Evolving Presence in the Indian
Ocean,” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 9 (1), pp. 42-52.

__________ and Gustaaf Geeraerts, Jan Gorus, and Stefaan Smis. (2007) “China’s
Resources and Energy Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Report for the Development
Committee of the European Parliament (19 March), pp. 1-73. See at www.ec-
an.eu/files/Report%20-%202007%20-%20China%20and%20Africa%20-%20with
%20country%20fact%20files.pdf.

__________ and Sara Van Hoeymissen. (2010) “The Search for EU-China Cooperation
towards Security Challenges in Africa,” BICCS Study Report (30 May). See at
www.vub.ac.be/biccs/site/assets/files/apapers/Policy%20papers/EU-China-Africa
%20(fin).pdf.

Holte, Ane Tosterud. (2013) Chinese Intervention in the Second Sudanese Civil War: A
Case Study of China’s Role as a Third Part and Its Effects on the Second Civil War in
Sudan, 1989-2005. MA thesis, University of Oslo. See at
https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/36940/MASTER_Holte.pdf?sequence=1

Hong Kong Liaison Office. (2006) “China’s Exportation of Labour Practices to Africa,”
summary prepared by the international trade union movement. See at
www.ihlo.org/CINTW/ArticleLabourPracticeExport.html.

Hong Yonghong. (2004) “African Studies in China,” Tinabantu: Journal of African

National Affairs, 2 (1), pp. 51-60.

__________. (2006) “Legal Cooperation of China and Africa States: Past, Present and
Future,” unpublished paper presented at workshop on China-Africa in Hong Kong 11-12
November, pp. 1-3. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/.

Hong Zhao. (2007) “China’s Oil Venture in Africa,” East Asia, 24 (4), pp. 399-415.

__________. (2009) “Sino-African Relations: Going Beyond Energy Resources,” EAI

Background Brief No. 435 (March 5). See at www.eai.nus.edu.sg/BB435.pdf.

Hooijmaaijers, Bas. (2018) “China’s Rise in Africa and the Response of the EU: A
Theoretical Analysis of the EU-China-Africa Trilateral Cooperation Policy Initiative,”
Journal of European Integration, 40 (4), pp. 443-460.

Horn Economic and Social Policy Institute. (2017) Macroeconomic Performance of

IGAD and the Implications of China’s Economic Slowdown (April). See at
http://www.hespi.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Macroeconomic-Performance-of-
IGAD.pdf.
 107

Horta, Loro. (2006) “China and Angola Strengthen Bilateral Relationship,” Power and
Interest News Report (23 June). See at www.pinr.com/report.php?
ac=view_printable&report_id=516&language_id=1.

__________. (2006) “Dragon in the Savanna: China’s Rising Influence over Angola,”
Strategic Analysis, 30 (2), pp. 493-495.

__________. (2007) “Guinea-Bissau: China Sees a Risk Worth Taking,” Online Africa
Policy Forum (5 October). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=63.

__________. (2008) “China in Cape Verde: The Dragon’s African Paradise,” Online
Africa Policy Forum (2 January). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=80.

__________. (2008) “China’s Relations with Mozambique: A Mixed Blessing,” Online

Africa Policy Forum (2 January). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=97.

__________. (2008) “The Changing Nature of Chinese Business in Africa: The Case of
Cape Verde,” RSIS Commentaries (17 January). See at
www.edu.sg/publications/Perspectives/RSIS0082008.pdf.

__________. (2008) “The Zambezi Valley: China’s First Agricultural Colony?” Online
Africa Policy Forum (9 June). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=120.

__________. (2009) “Food Security in Africa: China’s New Rice Bowl,” China Brief, 9
(11), pp. 10-12.

__________. (2010) “China Building Africa’s Economic Infrastructure: SEZs and

Railroads,” China Brief, 10 (15), pp. 9-12.

__________. (2011) “The Dragon and the Mamba: China’s Growing Presence in
Mozambique,” China Brief, 11 (9), pp. 10-12.

Horvath, Janos. (1976) Chinese Technology Transfer to the Third World: A Grants
Economy Analysis. New York: Praeger.

Houanye, Paulin and Sibao Shen. (2012) “Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Securing
Chinese Investment for Lasting Development, The Case of West Africa,” Review of
Business & Finance Studies, 3 (2), pp. 103-117. See at
ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/ibf/rbfstu/rbfs-v3n2-2012/RBFS-V3N2-2012-
10.pdf.

Hough, Gys. (2010) “Libya, China and Oil – Why Large Supply and Demand Do Not
Necessarily Seal the Deal,” The China Monitor (May), pp. 9-12.
 108

Houser, Trevor. (2008) “The Roots of Chinese Oil Investment Abroad,” Asia Policy, no. 5
(January), pp. 141-166. See at
http://nbr.org/publications/asia_policy/AP5/AP5_Houser.pdf.

Howe, Russell Warren. (1971) “A Suitor Amid Chaperons: China Bids for Africa,” New
Leader, 54 (23), pp. 9-11.

Hruby, Aubrey. (2017) Escaping China’s Shadow: Finding America’s Competitive Edge
in Africa. Atlantic Council issue brief (September). See at
http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/Escaping_Chinas_Shadow_web_0907.pdf.

Hsiao, L.C. Russell. (2008) “Chinese Soldiers and Arms Exports Embroiled in
Zimbabwe’s Electoral Impasse,” China Brief, 8 (9), pp. 1-2.

Hsiaopong Liu. (2006) “The Making of an Artificial Power: American Money and
‘Chinese’ Technicians on African Soil, 1961-1971.” PhD diss., The University of
Chicago.

Hsu, Elisabeth. (2002) “‘The Medicine from China Has Rapid Effects’: Chinese
Medicine Patients in Tanzania,” Anthropology & Medicine, 9 (3), pp. 291-313.

__________. (2007) “Zanzibar and Its Chinese Communities,” Population, Space and
Place, 13 (2), pp. 113-124.

Hsu, Jennifer YJ, Timothy Hildebrandt, and Reza Rasmath. (2016) “‘Going Out’ or
Staying In? The Expansion of Chinese NGOs in Africa,” Development Policy Review, 34.
See at http://chinadevelopmentbrief.cn/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Expansion-of-
Chinese-NGOs-in-Africa.pdf.

Hseuh, Roselyn and Michael Byron Nelson. (2013) How China Is Impacting Busness-
State Relations in Africa: The Cases of Angola and Nigeria. Paper delivered at the
American Political Science Association 2013 annual meeting. See at
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2299564.

Huamei Han. (2013) “Individual Grassroots Multilingualism in Africa in Guangzhou:

The Role of States in Globalization,” International Multilingual Research Journal, 7 (1),
pp. 83-97.

Huang, Chin-Hao. (2007) “U.S. – China Relations and Darfur,” Fordham International
Law Journal, 31 (4), pp. 827-842.

__________. (2011) “Principles and Praxis of China’s Peacekeeping,” International

Peacekeeping, 18 (3), June, pp. 257-270.
 109

__________. (2013) “From Strategic Adjustment to Normative Learning? Understanding

China’s Peacekeeping Efforts in Africa,” Journal of International Peacekeeping, 17
(special issue), pp. 248-271.

Huang, Chin-Hao and Olawale Ismail. (2014) “China” in Security Activities of External
Actors in Africa, eds. Olawale Ismail and Elisabeth Sköns. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, pp. 15-37.

Huang, Jessica. (2018) The Study of Soft Power: China’s Presence in African Region.
MA thesis, City University of New York. See at
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d5a0/4b898012caa7b7ab45682fa4b2839e1ae266.pdf.

Huang Meibo and Qi Xie. (2012) “Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: Development

and Prospects,” The China Monitor, Special July Edition, pp. 10-20.

Huang Meibo and Ren Peiqiang. (2013) A Study on the Employment Effect of Chinese
Investment in South Africa, Centre for Chinese Studies Discussion Paper (October), pp.1-
40.

Huang, Mike Chia-Yu. (2018) “A New Game Started? China’s ‘Overseas Strategic
Pivots’ in the Indian Ocean Region,” China Report, 54 (3), pp. 267-284.

Huang Wenbin and Andreas Wilkes. (2011) “Analysis of Approvals for Chinese
Companies to Invest in Africa’s Mining, Agriculture and Forestry Sectors,” CIFOR
Working Paper no. 81.

Huang Wen-bo. (2015) “Analysis of Nigeria-Sao Tome and Principe Joint Development
and Suggestions for China,” International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 4
(3), pp. 123-128. See at
http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20150403.11.pdf.

Huang Yanzhong. (2014) “Domestic Politics and China’s Health Aid to Africa,” China:
An International Journal, 12 (3), pp. 176-198.

Huang Zequan. (2006) “Extending a Hand,” Beijing Review 49 (8), pp. 12-13.

Hubbard, Paul. (2007) “Aiding Transparency: What We Can Learn about China Exim
Bank’s Concessional Loans,” Center for Global Development Working Paper Number
126 (September), pp. 1-17.

Hughes, James H. (2009) “China Modernizes the World’s Largest Military,” The Journal
of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 34 (1), pp. 3-14.

Huliaras, Asteris. (2012) “The Illusion of Unitary Players and the Fallacy of Geopolitical
Rivalry: The European Union and China in Africa,” The Round Table, 101 (5), pp. 425-
434.
 110

Hull, Andrew and David Markov. (2012) “Chinese Arms Sales to Africa,” IDA Research
Notes, (summer), pp. 25-31.

Hull, Richard W. (1972) “China in Africa,” Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 2 (3), pp. 49-50.

Human Rights First. (2008) “Investing in Tragedy: China’s Money, Arms, and Politics in
Sudan,” (March), pp. 1-46. See at www.humanrightsfirst.info/pdf/080311-cah-investing-
in-tragedy-report.pdf.

Human Rights Watch. (2003) “China’s Involvement in Sudan: Arms and Oil,”
(November). See at www.hrw.org/reports/2003.sudan1103/26.htm.

__________. (2011) “‘You’ll Be Fired if You Refuse,’ Labor Abuses in Zambia’s Chinese
State-owned Copper Mines,” (November), pp. 1-122. See at
www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/zambia1111ForWebUpload.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Zambia: Safety Gaps Threaten Copper Miners,” (February 20).
See at www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/02/20/zambia-safety-gaps-threaten-copper-miners.

Humbaraci, Arslan. (1964) “Peking’s African Limits,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 46
(12), pp. 571-573.

Hunt, Michael H. (1996) The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy. New York:
Columbia University Press.

Hurst, Cindy. (2006) “China’s Oil Rush in Africa,” Institute for the Analysis of Global
Security (July), pp. 1-22. See at http://leav-
www.army.mil/fmso/documents/chinainafrica.pdf.

Hutchison, Alan. (1975) “China in Africa: A Record of Pragmatism and Conservatism,”

The Round Table, 65 (259), pp. 263-271.

__________. (1975) “China and Africa,” Afrika Spectrum, 10 (1), pp. 5-12.

__________. (1975) China’s African Revolution. London: Hutchinson of London.

Huynh, Tu T. (2008) “From Demand for Asiatic Labor to Importation of Indentured

Chinese Labor: Race Identity in the Recruitment of Unskilled Labor for South Africa’s
Gold Mining Industry, 1903-1910,” Journal of Chinese Overseas, 4 (1), pp. 51-68.

__________. (2012) “What People, What Cultural Exchange? A Reflection on China-

Africa.” The China Monitor, Issue 2 (November), pp. 3-16.

_________. (2015) “A ‘Wild West’ of Trade? African Women and Men and the
Gendering of Globalisation from Below in Guangzhou,” Identities: Global Studies in
 111

Culture and Power. See at

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1070289X.2015.1064422#aHR0cDovL3d3
dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzEwNzAyODlYLjIwMT
UuMTA2NDQyMkBAQDA=.

__________. (2018) “China Town Malls in South Africa in the 21st Century: Ethnic
Chinatowns or Chinese State Projects?” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 27 (1)
March, pp. 28-54.

__________, Yoon Jung Park and Anna Ying Chen. (2010) “Faces of China: New
Chinese Migrants in South Africa, 1980s to Present,” African and Asian Studies, 9 (3),
pp. 286-306.

__________. and Yoon Jung Park. (2018) “‘Chineseness’ Through Unexplored Lenses:
Identity-making in China-Africa Engagements in the 21st Century,” Asian and Pacific
Migration Journal, 27 (1) March, pp. 3-8.

Hyden, Goran. (1967-1968) “Mao and Mwalimu: The Soldier and the Teacher as
Revolutionary,” Transition, no. 34, pp. 24-30.

__________ and Rwekaza Mukandala. (1999) Agencies in Foreign Aid: Comparing

China, Sweden and the United States in Tanzania. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.

Hyer, Eric. (1992) “China’s Arms Merchants: Profits in Command,” The China
Quarterly, no. 132 (December), pp. 1101-1118.

_________. (2008) “Ghana’s Relations with China,” SAIIA China in Africa Policy
Report no. 3. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_03_idun_akhurst_200804.pdf.

Ibonye, Vincent. (2017) “China-Africa Cooperation: Struggling Commodities and the

Silver-lining in the Innovation Economy,” International Area Studies Review, 20 (2)
June, pp. 160-178. See at
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2233865916688845.

Ibrahim, Isaac. (2017) “Impact of Sino-Africa Economic Relations on the Ghanaian

Economy: The Case of Textiles,” International Journal of Innovation and Economic
Development 3 (1), pp. 7-27. See at http://researchleap.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/05/1.-Impact-of-Sino-Africa-Economic-Relations-on-the-
Ghanaian-Economy.pdf.

__________. (2018) “China Africa Relations: Trade or Gold Rush in Ghana?”

International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 6 (1), pp. 391-409.
See at http://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/6128.pdf.
 112

Idun-Arkhurst, Isaac. (2008) “Ghana’s Relations with China,” SAIIA, pp. 1-26. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_03_idun_arkhurst_200804.pdf.

__________ and James Laing. (2007) “The Impact of the Chinese Presence in Africa,”
Africapractice report. See at
www.davidandassociates.co.uk/davidandblog/newwork/China_in_Africa_5.pdf.

Igbinoba, Emmanuel. (2017) “Do Country Sizes Matter? What Motivates China’s Trade
Decision in Southern Africa?” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies
10 (1), pp. 44-60. See at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JCEFTS-07-
2016-0018.

Igbinoba, Emmanuel and Rodney Hoaeb. (2016) “China’s Economic Hard Landing
Impact on Africa: A Scenario Analysis,” The China Monitor, issue 3 (December), pp.
124-152.

Ilhéu, Fernanda. (2010) The Role of China in the Portuguese Speaking African Countries:
The Case of Mozambique. Documentos de Trabalho no. 84. See at
https://pascal.iseg.utl.pt/~cesa/files/Doc_trabalho/84.pdf.

Ingrams, W.H. (1931) “Visitors from the Far East,” in Zanzibar: Its History and Its
People by W.H. Ingrams. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., pp. 86-95.

International Crisis Group. (2008) China’s Thirst for Oil. Asia Report no. 153 (9 June),
pp. 1-45.

__________. (2009) China’s Growing Role in UN Peacekeeping. Asia Report no. 166 (17
April), pp. 1-41.

__________. (2012) China’s New Courtship in South Sudan. Africa Report no. 186 (4
April), pp. 1-34.

__________. (2017) China’s Foreign Policy Experitment in South Sudan. Asia Report
288 (10 July), pp. 1-25. See at https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/south-
sudan/288-china-s-foreign-policy-experiment-south-sudan.

International Energy Agency. (2016) Boosting the Power Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa:
China’s Involvement. Paris: IEA. See at
https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Partner_Country_SeriesChi
naBoosting_the_Power_Sector_in_SubSaharan_Africa_Chinas_Involvement.pdf.

International Institute for Environment and Development. (2017) Sustainable Investment

in African Forest Resources Highlighted at China-Africa event. (20 November). See at
https://www.iied.org/sustainable-investment-african-forest-resources-highlighted-china-
africa-event.
 113

International Rivers. (2012) “The New Great Wall: A Guide to China’s Overseas Dam
Industry,” second edition (October). See at www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-
files/intlrivers_newgreatwalls_2012.pdf.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. (2009) Scoping
Study of the China-Africa Timber Trading Chain. See at
https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/china_africa_trading_web.pdf.

Iroanya, Richard Obinna. (2010) “Arms Transfer and Conflict in Africa: The Role of
China in Sudan,” Africa Insight, 40 (3), pp. 183-197.

Isaac, Shinyekwa and Lawrence Othieno. (2011) “Uganda’s Revealed Comparative

Advantage: The Evidence with the EAC and China,” paper produced for Uganda’s
Economic Policy Research Centre. See at
www.eprc.or.ug/pdf_files/ugcomparativeadvantage.pdf.

Ismael, Tareq Y. (1971) “The People’s Republic of China and Africa,” The Journal of
Modern African Studies, 9 (4), pp. 507-529.

Iwata, Takuo. (2012) “Comparative Study on ‘Asian’ Approaches to Africa: An

Introductory Reflection,” African Study Monographs 33 (4) December, pp. 209-231. See
at http://www.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiroku/asm_normal/abstracts/pdf/33-4/33-4-1.pdf.

Iwilade, Akin. (2014) “Has the Rise of China in Africa Made Democratisation Less
Likely?” Conflict Trends, issue 1, pp. 3-10.

Iwuagwu, Obi. (2014) “Telecommunications Reform in China and Nigeria: Same Result,
Different Strategies,” The Journal of International Social Research 7 (32), pp. 652-668.
See at
http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt7/sayi32_pdf/8diger_sosyalbilimler/iwuagwu_obi.
pdf.

Izuchukwu, Oji-Okoro and Daniel Ofori. (2014) “Why South-South FDI is Booming:
Case Study of China FDI in Nigeria,” Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4 (3), pp.
361-376. See at http://www.conscientiabeam.com/pdf-files/eco/3/aefr%204(3),%20361-
376.pdf.

Izuyama, Mari and Masahiro Kurita. (2017) “Security in the Indian Ocean Region:
Regional Responses to China’s Growing Influence,” in East Asian Strategic Review 2017
published by National Institute for Defense Studies, pp. 37-69. See at
http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/east-asian/pdf/2017/east-
asian_e2017_02.pdf.

Jackson, Steven F. (1995) “China’s Third World Foreign Policy: The Case of Angola and
Mozambique,” The China Quarterly, no. 142 (June), pp. 388-422.
 114

Jackson, Terence, Lynette Louw, and Shuming Zhao. (2013) “China in Sub-Saharan
Africa: Implications for HRM Policy and Practice at Organizational Level,” The
International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24 (13), pp. 2512-2533.

Jacoby, Ulrich. (2007) “Getting Together: The New Partnership between China and
Africa for Aid and Trade,” Finance and Development, 44 (2). See at
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2007/06/jacoby.htm.

Jakobson, Linda. (2009) “China’s Diplomacy toward Africa: Drivers and Constraints,”
International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 9 (3), pp. 403-433.

__________ and Zha Daojiong. (2006) “China and the Worldwide Search for Oil
Security,” Asia-Pacific Review, 13 (2), pp. 60-73.

Jalata, Gedion G. (2014) “Development Assistance from the South: Comparative

Analysis of Chinese and Indian to Ethiopia,” Chinese Studies 3 (1), pp. 24-39. See at
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/ChnStd_2014022714144322.pdf.

Jalata, Gedion G. and K. Mathews. (2017) “Ethiopia and China: Changing Relations,” in
The Horn of Africa since the 1960s: Local and International Politics Intertwined, Aleksi
Ylönen and Jan Záhorík (eds.). London: Routledge, pp. 73-87.

Jansson, Johanna. (2009) “Patterns of Chinese Investment, Aid and Trade in Central
Africa (Cameroon, the DRC and Gabon),” Centre for Chinese Studies (August), pp. 1-49.
See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/CCS-Central-Africa-Briefing-Paper-
August-2009.pdf.

__________. (2009) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC),” Centre for

Chinese Studies (August), pp. 1-6. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2009/11/CCS-FOCAC-Briefing-Paper-August-2009.pdf.

__________. (2010) “DRC: Chinese Investment in Katanga,” Pambazuka News, issue

476 (1 April). See at http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/63573.

__________. (2010) “Chinese Investments in Gabon’s Extractive Industries,”

Pambazuka News, issue 489 (8 July). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/65779.

__________. (2011) “The Sicomines Agreement: Change and Continuity in the

Democratic Republic of Congo’s International Relations,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no.
97 (October), pp. 1-31. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_97_jansson_20111031
.pdf.

__________ and Carine Kiala. (2009) “Patterns of Chinese Investment, Aid and Trade in
Mozambique,” Centre for Chinese Studies (October), pp. 1-20. See at
 115

www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/CCS-Mozambique-Briefing-Paper-October-
2009.pdf.

___________, Christopher Burke and Tracy Hon. (2009) “Patterns of Chinese

Investment, Aid and Trade in Tanzania,” Centre for Chinese Studies (October), pp. 1-9.
See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/CCS-Tanzania-Briefing-Paper-
October-2009.pdf.

__________, Christopher Burke and Wenran Jiang. (2009) “Chinese Companies in the
Extractive Industries of Gabon and the DRC: Perceptions of Transparency,” Centre for
Chinese Studies (August), pp. 1-60. See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2009/11/Chinese_Companies_in_the_Extractive_Industries_of_Gabon_a
nd_the_DRC._CCS_report_August_2009.pdf.

Jauch, Herbert. (2011). “Chinese Investments in Africa: Twenty-first Century

Colonialism?” New Labor Forum, 20 (2), pp. 48-55. See at
http://newlaborforum.cuny.edu/2011/03/04/chinese-investments-in-africa-twenty-first-
century-colonialism-2/.

Jayaram, Kartik, Omid Kassiri, and Irene Yuan Sun. (2017) The Closest Look Yet at
Chinese Economic Engagement in Africa. Report by McKinsey & Company (June). See
at http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/middle-east-and-africa/the-closest-look-yet-
at-chinese-economic-engagement-in-africa.

Jedlowski, Alessandro and Ute Röschenthaler. (2017) China-Africa Media Interactions:

Media and Popular Culture between Business and State Intervention,” Journal of African
Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 1-10.

Jedlowski, Alessandro and Michael W. Thomas. (2017) Representing ‘Otherness’ in

African Popular Media: Chinese Characters in Ethiopian Video-films,” Journal of
African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 63-80.

Jeken, Taylor Angas. (2017) A Review of the China-Africa Arms Trade and Its
Relationship to Issues of Gender and Human Security. MA Thesis, Stellenbosch
University. See at
http://ir.nrf.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10907/1281/jeken_review_2017.pdf?sequence=1.

Jenkins, Rhys and Chris Edwards. (2006) “The Asian Drivers and Sub-Saharan Africa,”
Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 37 (1), pp. 23-32.

__________. (2006) “The Economic Impacts of China and India on Sub-Saharan Africa:
Trends and Prospects,” Journal of Asian Economics, 17, pp. 207-225.

Jennings, Michael. (2005) “Chinese Medicine and Medical Pluralism in Dar es Salaam:
Globalisation or Glocalisation?” International Relations, 19 (4), pp. 457-473.
 116

Jensen, Hans Grinstead and Ron Sandrey. (2006) “A Possible SACU/China Free Trade
Agreement (FTA): Implications for the South African Manufacturing Sector,” TRALAC
Working Paper, no. 8 (July), pp. 1-25. See at
www.tralac.org/pdf/20060829_JensenSandrey_SACU-China_FTAManufacturing.pdf.

Jesman, Czeslaw. (1964) “The Chinese in Africa,” Atlas (January). pp. 16-20.

Jiajun Xu, Stephen Gelb, Jiewei Li and Zuoxiang Zhao. (2017) Adjusting to Rising Costs
in Chinese Light Manufacturing: What Opportunities for Developing Countries? Peking
University’s Center for New Structural Economics (December). See at
https://set.odi.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SET_Survey-report_Chinese-
manufacturing_Final.pdf.

Jian Junbo. (2007) “China’s Role in Africa,” Beijing Review, 50 (6), pp. 14-15.

__________. (2012) “China in the International Conflict-management: Darfur as a Case,”

Global Review (winter), pp. 7-11.

__________. (2015) “China-Africa Humanistic Education Co-operation: A Road Toward

Cultural Diversity,” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 3/4 (December), pp. 30-53.

Jian Junbo and Donata Frasheri. (2014) “Neo-colonialism or De-colonialism? China’s

Economic Engagement in Africa and the Implications for World Order,” African Journal
of Political Science and International Relations, 8 (7), pp. 195-201. See at
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/32E051147336.

Jian Junbo and Álvaro Méndez. (2015) Change and Continuity in Chinese Foreign
Policy: China’s Engagement in the Libyan Civil War as a Case Study. LSE Global South
Unit working paper series no.5/2015. See at
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64375/1/LSE_Working_Paper_05_15%20(Junbo
%20%20Mendez).pdf.

Jian Zhang and Jianbang Gan. (2007) “Who Will Meet China’s Import Demand for Forest
Products?” World Development, 35 (12), pp. 2150-2160.

Jiang, Chung-lian. (2004) “Oil: A New Dimension in Sino-African Relations,” African

Geopolitics, no. 14 (Spring), pp. 65-77.

__________. (2006) “China’s African Policy,” African Geopolitics, no. 23 (July-

September), pp. 223-242.

__________. (2006) “Les Relations de la Chine avec l’Afrique: Fondements, Réalitiés et

Perspectives,” Monde Chinois, no.8 (Été/Automne), pp. 7-26.

Jiang, Julie and Jonathan Sinton. (2011) Overseas Investment by Chinese National Oil
Companies: Assessing the Drivers and Impacts. International Energy Agency
 117

information paper (February). See at

https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/overseas_china.pdf.

Jian-Ye Wang. (2007) “What Drives China’s Growing Role in Africa?” IMF Working
Paper WP/07/211 (August), pp. 1-30. See at
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07211.pdf.

__________ and Abdoulaye Bio-Tchané (2008) “Africa’s Burgeoning Ties with China,”
Finance and Development, 45 (1), pp. 44-47.

Jianjun Tu. (2008) “Sino-African Relations: Historical Development and Long-term

Challenges,” China: An International Journal, 6 (2), pp. 330-343.

Jianwei Wang and Jing Zou. (2014) “China Goes to Africa: A Strategic Move?” Journal
of Contemporary China, 23 (90), pp. 1113-1132.

Jianxin Zhang. (2005) “A Comparative Study of NGOs in China and South Africa,”
(master’s thesis, University of the Western Cape). See at
http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_init_3968_1175068526.pdf.

Jie Wang and Josh Stenberg. (2014) “Localizing Chinese Migrants in Africa: A Study of
the Chinese in Libya before the Civil War,” China Information, 28 (1), pp. 69-91.

Jieman Yang. (2006) International System in Changing and Shaping World’s Trends and
China’s Responses. Shanghai: Shanghai Institute for International Studies.

Jin Liangxiang. (2004) “Sino-Arab Relations: New Developments and Trends,” Middle
East Policy, 11 (4), pp. 113-121.

__________. (2005) “China and the Middle East: Energy First,” Middle East Quarterly,
12 (2), pp. 1-8.

Jin Ling. (2010) “Aid to Africa: What Can the EU and China Learn from Each Other?”
SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 56. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_56_ling_20100326.pd
f.

Jin Yongjian. (2005) “Talking Points on China’s Foreign Policy,” African Renaissance, 2
(4), pp. 30-35.

Jing Men and Benjamin Barton (eds.). (2011) China and the European Union in Africa:
Partners or Competitors? Surrey, England: Ashgate.

Jinghao Lu and Cobus van Staden. (2013) “Lonely Nights Online: How Does Social
Networking Channel Chinese Migration and Business in Africa?” African East-Asian
Affairs, issue 1 (March), pp. 94-116.
 118

Johnston, Lauren A. (2015) “Boom to Cusp: Prospecting the ‘New Normal’ in China and
Africa,” in China’s Domestic Transformation in a Global Context, eds. Ligang Song,
Ross Garnaut, Cai Fang, and Lauren Johnston. Canberra, Australia: Australian National
University Press.

__________. (2016) “Africa, and China’s One Belt, One Road Initiative: Why Now And
What Next?” Bridges Africa 5 (7) September, pp. 14-17. See at
http://www.ieim.uqam.ca/IMG/pdf/bridges_africa_september_2016.pdf.

__________. (2017) “Steel Pipe Dreams: A China-Guinea and China-Africa Lens on

Prospects for Simandou’s Iron Ore,” The Extractive Industries and Society, 4 (2) April,
pp. 278-289.

__________. (2018) “Harvesting from ‘Poor Old’ China to Harness ‘Poor Young’
Africa’s Demographic Dividend?” Bridges Africa, 7 (5). See at
https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/harvesting-from-“poor-old”-
china-to-harness-“poor-young”-africa’s.

Johnston, Lauren A. and Cheng Yuan. (2014) “China’s Africa Trade and Investment
Policies: Review of a ‘Noodle Bowl’,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor,
issue 4 (December), pp. 6-41.

Johnston, Lauren A., Stephen L. Morgan, and Yuesheng Wang. (2015) “The Gravity of
China’s African Export Promise,” The World Economy, 38 (6), pp. 913-934.

Johnston, Lauren A. and Marina Rudyak. (2017) “China’s Innovative and Pragmatic
Foreign Aid: Shapted by and Now Shaping Globalisation,” in China’s New Sources of
Economic Growth, vol. 2, ed. By Ligang Song, Ross Garnaut, Cai Fang, and Lauren
Johnston. Acton, Australia: Australian National University Press, pp. 431-451. See at
http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2554/pdf/ch19.pdf.

Jones, BreeAna. (2013) “Resources for Infrastructure: The Sustainability Dynamics of

Sino-Afro Trade,” SynTao – Sustainability Solutions (July), pp. 1-34. See at
http://syntao.com/Uploads/file/Resources%20for%20Infrastructure.pdf.

Jonker, Kobus and Bryan Robinson. (2018) China’s Impact on the African Renaissance:
The Baobab Grows. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jordan, Luke Simon. (2015) “Learning by Doing: China-Africa Co-operation and State
Learning,” SAIIA Policy Insights no. 29 (November), pp. 1-10.

Juan Zhang and William X. Wei. (2012) “Managing Political Risks of Chinese Contracted
Projects in Libya,” Project Management Journal 43 (4), pp. 42-51.
 119

Juliana, Momo Ngomba and Guo Changgang. (2017) “How China’s Confucius Centers
Affects Cameroon’s Culture,” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 7
(2) February, pp. 146-150. See at
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_7_No_2_February_2017/19.pdf.

Jung, Winfried, Dirk Messner, and Yang Guang. (2008) “Chinese and European
Perspectives on Development Cooperation with Africa: Values, Objectives and
Modalities,” no. 84. Beijing: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.

Jung-Pang Lo. (1955) “The Emergence of China as a Sea Power during the Late Sung
and Early Yüan Periods,” The Far Eastern Quarterly (pre-1986), 14 (4), pp. 489-503.

Junhua Zhang. (2008) “China’s Go-Out-Strategy and its Impact on the CSR Practice of
Chinese Enterprises in Africa,” unpublished remarks at the 28 April conference in
Washington on China-Africa relations sponsored by the American Foreign Policy Council
and the Heinrich Böll Foundation.

Jura, Jaroslaw and Kaja Kaluzynska. (2013) “Not Confucius, nor Kung Fu: Economy and
Business as Chinese Soft Power in Africa,” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 1 (March),
pp. 42-69.

Jura, Jaroslaw, Kaja Katuzynska, and Paulo de Carvalho. (2015) Events over
Endeavours: Image of the Chinese in Zambia and Angola. Krakow, Poland: Jagiellonian
University Press.

Kabassi, Faouziatou Aboudou. (2012) A Tale of Two Superpowers: Nigeria and China
Relations. MA thesis, University of San Francisco. See at
https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=thes.

Kabia, Allieu, Ji-Zhong Huang, Yuan Yuan Xing, Ibrahim Dumbuya. (2016) “Does
Chinese Outward Direct Investment (ODI) to Africa Stimulate the Sino-African Trade
Co-operation?” International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 5
(4), pp. 49-85. See at http://www.ijmsbr.com/Volume%205%20Issue%204%20Paper
%206.pdf.

Kabemba, Claude. (2016) “China-Democratic Republic of Congo Relations: From a

Beneficial to a Developmental Cooperation,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4),
December, pp. 73-88. See at http://sites.clas.ufl.edu/africa-
asq/files/v16a6.Kabemba.HD_.pdf.

Kachiga, Jean. (2013) China in Africa: Articulating China’s Africa Policy. Trenton, NJ:
Africa World Press.

Kafilah, Gold Lola and Evelyn Shyamala Devadason. (2015) Chinese Engagement in
Nigeria’s Oil and Mining: Positive transformation? SSRN library. See at
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2649762.
 120

Kalb, Madeleine and Marvin Kalb. (1960) “Russia and/or China in Africa,” The Reporter,
23 (6), 28-29.

Kalu, Nkemjika E. (2012) Understanding Africa’s China Policy: A Test of Dependency

Theory and a Study of African Motivations in Increasing Engagement with China. PhD
dissertation, University of Nebraska. See at
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=poliscitheses.

Kamau, Paul. (2013) “Chinese Ascendency in the Global Clothing Industry: Implications
for Sub-Saharan Africa,” SSRC, paper presented at Yale University. See at http://china-
africa.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Kamau-Final.pdf.

Kamerling, Susanne. (2016) “The New Impetus in China’s Security Engagement with
Africa,” Africa Trends, 5 (1) January-March, pp. 13-16. See at
http://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/39455630/AfricaTrend_5_1.pdf.

Kamerling, Susanne and Frans-Paul van der Putten. (2011) “An Overseas Naval
Presence without Overseas Bases: China’s Counter-piracy Operation in the Gulf of
Aden,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 40 (4), pp. 119-146.

Kaminsky, Amanda. (2017) The Chinese Safari: A New Tourist Gaze in Kenya’s Tourism
Industry. MS thesis, University of Michigan (July 2017). See at
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/137942/Kaminsky_Amanda_Th
esis_2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Kamitewoko, Edwige. (2013) “Determinants of Entrepreneurship Success: An

Examination of Chinese-Owned Businesses in Congo Brazzaville,” Scientific Research, 2
(3), pp. 113-120.

Kamoche, Ken and Lisz Qixan Siebers. (2015) “Chinese Management Practices in
Kenya: Toward a Post-Colonial Critique,” The International Journal of Human Resurce
Management, 26 (21), pp. 2718-2743.

Kampf, David. (2007) “China’s Rise and the Implications for International Human
Rights,” China Rights Forum, no. 2, pp. 43-46. See at
http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-2007-1_complete.pdf.

Kamwanga, Jolly and Grayson Koyi. (2009) “Impact of China-Africa Investment

Relations: The Case of Zambia,” AERC Study (November), pp. 1-32. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-
cases/Zambianinvestmentrelations/pdf.

Kamwengo, Cynthia M. (2017) “China and Brazil as Southern Africa’s Non-Interfering

Development Partners: Rhetoric or Reality?” Journal of Southern African Studies 43 (5),
pp. 1087-1101.
 121

Kang, Jean S. (2017) “Change and Continuity in China’s Soft Power Trajectory: From
Mao Zedong’s ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ to Xi Jinping’s ‘Chinese Dream’,” Asian
International Studies Review, 18 (1) June, pp. 113-130.

Kaplan, Robert. (2009) “Center Stage for the Twenty-first Century,” Foreign Affairs, 88
(2), pp. 16-32.

__________. (2010) “The Geography of Chinese Power: How Far Can Beijing Reach on
Land and at Sea?” Foreign Affairs, 89 (3), pp.22-41.

Kaplinsky, Raphael. (2007) “The Impact of China and India on the SSA: A
Methodological Framework,” AERC Study (March), pp. 1-15. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/KaplinskyRImpactofChin
aI.pdf.

__________. (2008) “What Does the Rise of China Do for Industrialisation in Sub-
Saharan Africa?” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 7-22.

__________. (2008) “China and the Terms of Trade: The Challenge to Development
Strategy in SSA,” unpublished paper prepared for conference at Mount Holyoke (March).
See at www.mtholyoke.edu/global/assets/CGI/Kaplinsky_Holyoke_March_08_v1.pdf.

__________ and Dirk Messner. (2008) “Introduction: The Impact of Asian Drivers on the
Developing World,” World Development, 36 (2), pp. 197-209.

__________, Dorothy McCormick, and Mike Morris. (2006) “The Impact of China on
Sub Saharan Africa,” unpublished paper prepared for DFID, pp. 1-38.

__________ and Mike Morris. (2009) “Chinese FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa: Engaging
with Large Dragons,” European Journal of Development Research, 21 (4), pp. 551-569.

__________, Anne Terheggen, and Julia Tijaja. (2010) “China as a Final Market: The
Gabon Timber and Thai Cassava Value Chains,” World Development, 39 (7), pp. 1177-
1190.

Kasahun Woldemariam. (2016) The Chinese Eldorado and the Prospects for African
Development. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.

Kaufman, Alison A. (2009) “China’s Participation in Anti-Piracy Operations off the Horn
of Africa: Drivers and Implications,” Center for Naval Analysis Conference Report
(July), pp. 1-13. See at www.cna.org/documents/Piracy%20conference%20report.pdf.

Kaur, Harmala. (1977) “China and the Angolan National Liberation Movement,” China
Report, 13 (4), pp. 19-33.
 122

Keenan, Patrick J. (2009) “Curse or Cure? China, Africa, and the Effects of
Unconditioned Wealth,” Berkeley Journal of International Law, 27 (1), pp. 83-125. Also
see earlier version at http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1003&context=patrick_keenan.

Keita, Maghan. (2005) “Africans and Asians: Historiography and the Long View of
Global Interaction,” Journal of World History, 16 (1), pp. 1-30.

Keitumetse, Susan. (2014) “Cultural Heritage Resources as Environmental Sustainability

Enablers within the Sino-Africa Environmental Partnership: The Case of Botswana,” The
China Monitor, issue 1 (March), pp. 58-73.

Keji Mao and Xiaoyang Tang. (2016) “China’s and India’s Economic Engagement in
Africa: Similar Patterns, Different Dynamics,” China Quarterly of International
Strategic Studies, 2 (2), pp. 259-276.

Kelley, Jeremy. (2012) “China in Africa: Curing the Resource Curse with Infrastructure
and Modernization,” Sustainable Development Law & Policy, 12 (3), pp. 35-41, 57-60.
See at http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1537&context=sdlp.

Kelly, Gina, Samuel Brazys, and Johan A. Elkink. (2016) “The Dragon’s Curse? China,
the World Bank, and Perceptions of Corruption in Kenya,” AidData working paper 26
(May). See at http://aiddata.org/sites/default/files/wps26_the_dragons_curse.pdf.

Kent, Ann. (1995) “China and the International Human Rights Regime: A Case Study of
Multilateral Monitoring, 1989-1994,” Human Rights Quarterly, 17 (1), pp. 1-47.

Kerblay, Basile. (1960) “L’Impact des Modeles ‘Economique’ Sovietique et Chinois sur
le Tier Monde,” Politique Etrangere, no. 4, pp. 332-354.

Kernen, Antoine. (2007) “Les Stratégies Chinoises en Afrique: Du Pétrole aux Bassines
en Plastique,” Politique Africaine, no. 105 (March), pp. 163-180.

__________. (2010) “Small and Medium-sized Chinese Businesses in Mali and Senegal,”
African and Asian Studies, 9 (3), pp. 252-268.

__________. (2014) “L’Afrique Face à la Puissance Économique de la Chine,” Politique

Africaine, no. 134, pp. 5-19.

__________ and Benoît Vulliet. (2008) “Chinese Small-Business Owners and Traders in
Mali and Senegal,” Afrique Contemporaine 4 (228), pp. 69-94. See at https://www.cairn-
int.info/article-E_AFCO_228_0069--chinese-small-business-owners-and-trader.htm.
 123

__________ and Guive Khan Mohammad. (2014) “La Révolution des Produits Chinois
en Afrique Consommation de Masse et Nouvelle Culture Matérielle,” Politique
Africaine, no. 134, pp. 111-132.

__________. (2016) “Chinese Goods Reshape Africa,” African Review of Economics and
Finance, 8 (1), pp. 130-155.

__________ and Katy N. Lam. (2014) “Workforce Localization among Chinese State-
Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Ghana,” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (90), pp.
1053-1072.

Kerr, Malcolm H. (1965) “The Middle East and China: The Scope and Limits of
Convergent Interests,” in Policies toward China: Views from Six Continents by A.M.
Halpern (ed.). New York: McGraw–Hill Book Co., pp. 437-456.

Kerr, Walter. (2009) “The Role of Chinese Provinces in Advancing China-Africa

Relations,” unpublished paper presented at George Washington University.

Keuleers, Floor. (2016) “Stories of Moral Actorship: European Union and Chinese
Narratives Towards Africa,” European Foreign Affairs Review 21 (4), pp. 517-538.

Keuleers, Floor. (2016) “Which Lodestar to Follow? South African Public Opinion on
China and Other International Partners,” The China Monitor, issue 3 (December), pp. 6-
32.

Khalili, Joseph E. (1968) “Sino-Arab Relations,” Asian Survey, 8 (8), pp. 678-690.

__________. (1970) “Communist China and the United Arab Republic,” Asian Survey,
10 (4), pp. 308-319.

__________. (1970) Communist China’s Interaction with the Arab Nationalists since the
Bandung Conference. New York: Exposition Press.

Khan, M. Muslim. (2012) “China-Africa Relations in the Era of Globalisation,”

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2 (3), pp. 199-218.

Khan, Sunday Aninpah and Francis Menjo Baye. (2008) “China-Africa Economic
Relations: The Case of Cameroon,” African Economic Research Consortium paper. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Cameroon-China.pdf.

__________ and Godwill K. Tange. (2009) “The Impact of China-Africa Trade Relations:
Case Study of Cameroon,” AERC Study (October), pp. 1-49. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/CameroonTradeimpact.pdf.
 124

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Trade Relations: The Case of

Cameroon,” Policy Brief, issue 4 (November), pp. 1-5. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-policybriefs/cameroonPB4.pdf.

Khan Mohammad, Guive. (2014) “The Chinese Presence in Burkina Faso: A Sino-
African Cooperation from Below,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43 (1), pp. 71-
101.

Khumalo, Lindiwe Nesila. (2010) The Right to Development: A Collective African

Response to China’s Modus Operandi in Africa? LLM dissertation, Addis Ababa
University. See at
https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/16773/Right_Khumalo
%282010%29.PDF?sequence=1.

Khurana, Gurpreet S. (2011) “China’s Maritime Strategy and India: Consonance and
Discord,” Maritime Affairs, 7 (2), pp. 50-65.

__________. (2016) “China as an Indian Ocean Power: Trends and Implications,”

Maritime Affairs, 12 (1), pp. 13-24.

Kiala, Carine. (2010) “China-Angola Aid Relations: Strategic Cooperation for

Development?” South African Journal of International Affairs, 17 (3), pp. 313-331.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Aid Relations: The Case of Angola,”
Policy Brief, issue 1 (November), pp. 1-4. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-
africa-policybriefs/angola-PB1.pdf.

__________ and Lucy Corkin. (2009) “The Impact of China-Africa Investment

Relations: The Case of Angola,” AERC Study (November), pp. 1-47. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Angola-
InvestmentRelations.pdf.

Kiggundu, Moses N. (2013) “China-Africa Legal Judiciary Systems: Advancing

Mutually Beneficial Economic Relations,” Beijing Law Review, 4 (4), pp. 155-167. See
at https://file.scirp.org/pdf/BLR_2013123010594049.pdf.

Kilama, Eric Gabin. (2016) “The Influence of China and Emerging Donors Aid
Allocation: A Recipient Perspective,” China Economic Review, 38, April, pp. 76-91.

Kim, Yejoo. (2013) “Chinese-led SEZs in Africa: Are They a Driving Force of China’s
Soft Power?” Centre for Chinese Studies discussion paper, Stellenbosch University
(February), pp. 1-31.

__________. (2015) “China’s Soft Power Expansion in Africa through Industrialisation:

Opportunities and Challenges,” Africa Insight, 44 (4), pp. 1-13.
 125

__________. (2016) “A Chinese Company’s Investment Strategy in South Africa: The

Case of Hisense,” Journal of the Geographic Society of Berlin 147 (3), pp. 219-223. See
at http://www0.sun.ac.za/ccs/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/315-879-1-SM.pdf.

Kim, Yejoo and Nusa Tukic. (2015) “South Africa-China Multi-lateral Co-operation:
BRICS and FOCAC,” Centre for Chinese Studies policy briefing, Stellenbosch
University (August), pp. 1-4.

Kim, Young-Chan (ed.). (2017) China and Africa: A New Paradigm of Global Business.
Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kinfe Abraham. (2005) China Comes to Africa: The Political Economy and Diplomatic
History of China’s Relation with Africa. Addis Ababa: The Ethiopian International
Institute for Peace and Development.

Kinfu Adisu, Thomas Sharkey, and Sam C. Okoroafo. (2010) “The Impact of Chinese
Investment in Africa,” International Journal of Business and Management, 5 (9), pp. 3-9.
See at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.603.8309&rep=rep1&type=pdf

King, Kenneth. (2006) “China’s Partnership Discourse with Africa,” unpublished paper
presented at 16-17 October conference in South Africa hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-13. See
at http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/King_Chinese_Aid.pdf.

__________. (2007) “Aid within the Wider China-Africa Partnership: A View from the
Beijing Summit,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-19. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-
africa/papers/King,Kenneth.pdf.

__________. (2007) “China’s Aid to Africa: A View from China and Japan,” unpublished
paper, pp. 1-13. See abstract at www.jica.go.jp/jica-
ri/topics/archives/jica/2007/docs/070129_03.pdf.

__________. (2007) “China’s Ambitious Training Aid for Africa: Implications for the
Mainland—And for Hong Kong?” unpublished paper, pp. 1-11. See at
www.hku.hk/cerc/KK-article/8.China’s.training.aid.King.2007c.pdf.

__________. (2007) “The Beijing China-Africa Summit of 2006: The New Pledges of
Aid to Education in Africa,” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 337-347.

__________. (2009) “China’s Cooperation with Ethiopia: A New, Human Resources-

Focused Approach to Development?” OSSREA Bulletin, 6 (2), pp. 45-51.

__________. (2010) “China’s Cooperation in Education and Training with Kenya: A

Different Model?” International Journal of Educational Development, 30 (5), pp. 488-
496.
 126

__________. (2010) “China’s Cooperation with Africa, and Especially South Africa, in
Education and Training. A Special Relationship and a Different Approach to Aid?”
Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 13 (2), pp. 73-87.

__________. (2010) “China-Africa Human Resource Development: Partnership or One-

way?” Pambazuka News, issue 497 (23 September). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/67178.

__________ (2010) “China’s Higher Education and Training Cooperation with Africa:
Context, Character, Coherence and Commitment,” The China Monitor (October), pp. 4-8.

__________. (2013) China’s Aid and Soft Power in Africa: The Case of Education and
Training. Rochester, NY, James Currey.

__________. (2014) “China’s Higher Education Engagement with Africa: A Different

Partnership and Cooperation Model?” International Development Policy, 5. See at
http://poldev.revues.org/1788. Accessed 18 February 2015.

Kinyondo, Godbertha and Yuda Julius Chatama. (2015) “Impact of China’s Cooperation:
The Case of Chinese Garages in Tanzania,” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign
Trade Studies, 8 (1), pp. 27-39.

Kioko, Patrick Mutua. (2012) “A Study on Chinese Economic Relations with Africa:
Case Study, Kenya,” Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management, 2 (3),
pp. 485-496. See at https://www.primejournal.org/BAM/pdf/2012/mar/Kioko.pdf.

Kitano, Naohiro. (2014) “China’s Foreign Aid at a Transitional Stage,” Asian Economic
Policy Review, 9, pp. 301-317.

__________. (2016) “Estimating China’s Foreign Aid II: 2014 Update,” JICA-RI
Working Paper No. 131 (June).

__________ and Yukinori Harada. (2014) “Estimating China’s Foreign Aid 2001-2013,”
JICA-RI Working Paper No. 78 (June).

Kitissou, Marcel. (2005) “China and Africa: Neither Friends nor Enemies,” African
Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 64-69.

__________ (ed.). (2007) Africa in China’s Global Strategy. London: Adonis & Abbey
Publishers Ltd.

Klantschnig, Gernot. (2014) “Négocier les Profits et la Facticité: Le Commerce des

Produits Pharmaceutiques entre la Chine et le Nigeria,” Politique Africaine, no. 134, pp.
89-110.
 127

Klare, Michael and Daniel Volman. (2006) “The African ‘Oil Rush’ and US National
Security,” Third World Quarterly, 27 (4), pp. 609-628.

__________. (2006) “America, China and the Scramble for Africa’s Oil,” Review of
African Political Economy, 33 (108), pp. 297-309.

Klein, Donald W. (1963) “Formosa’s Diplomatic World,” The China Quarterly, no. 15
(July-September), pp. 45-50.

__________. (1964) “Peking’s Diplomats in Africa,” Current Scene, 2 (36), pp. 1-9.

Kleine-Ahlbrandt, Stephanie and Andrew Small. (2007) “China, the Unlikely Human
Rights Champion,” Policy Innovations (14 February). See at
www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/commentary/data/HumanRightsChampion.

__________. (2008) “China’s New Dictatorship Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs, 87 (1), pp.
38-56.

Knight, John. (1998) “The Labour Market and its Reform in Southern Africa and China:
Similarities and Contrasts,” in Africa Beyond 2000 by Institute of West Asian and African
Studies (ed.). Beijing: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pp. 165-181.

Kofigah, Frank Edem. (2014) China and Africa. New Development Partnership or Neo-
colonialism? Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag GmbH.

Kohli, J.S. (2009) The Dragon on Safari: China’s Africa Policy. International Peace and
Conflict Studies special report (October). See at
http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/SR86-China-Kohli-Final.pdf.

Kohnert, Dirk. (2010) Are the Chinese in Africa More Innovative than the Africans?
Comparing Chinese and Nigerian Entrepreneurial Migrants’ Cultures of Innovation.
German Institute of Global and Area Studies working paper no. 140 (July). See at
https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/system/files/publications/wp140_kohnert.pdf. Accessed
7 January 2017.

Kokkinos, Stephanie Helen. (2012) China in Africa: The Use of Soft Power and Its
Implications for a Global Peaceful Rise. MA thesis, Stellenbosch University. See at
http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20172.

Kolstad, Ivar and Arne Wiig (2009) “What Determines Chinese Outward FDI?” CMI
Working Paper 2009:3. See at www.cmi.no/publications/file/3332-what-determines-
chinese-outward-fdi.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2010.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Investment in SADC: A Global Perspective,” in

Furthering Southern African Integration: Proceedings of the 2008 FOPRISA Annual
 128

Conference by Jonathan Mayuyuka Kaunda and Farai Zizhou (eds.). Gaborone:

Lightbooks, pp. 185-196.

Komesaroff, Michael. (2008) “China Eyes Congo’s Treasures,” Far Eastern Economic
Review, 171 (3), pp. 38-41.

Kong, Bo. (2009) “China’s Energy Strategy in Africa,” 2 April power point presentation.
See at www.sais-jhu.edu/bin/m/h/Chinas-Energy-Strategy-in-Africa.pdf. Accessed 7
January 2010.

__________. (2011) China’s Quest for Oil in Africa Revisited. SAIS working papers in
African Studies 01-2011. See at https://www.sais-
jhu.edu/sites/default/files/BoKongWP1-11_1.pdf. Accessed 11 January 2017.

Kong Minghui. (1998) “Sino-African Relations and China’s Policy towards Africa,” in
Africa Beyond 2000 by Institute of West Asian and African Studies. Beijing: Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences (ed.), pp. 378-392.

Konings, Piet. (2007) “China and Africa: Building a Strategic Partnership,” Journal of
Developing Societies, 23 (3), pp. 341-367.

__________. (2007) “China and Africa in the Era of Neo-liberal Globalisation,”

CODESRIA Bulletin, nos. 1 and 2, pp. 17-22.

Kopinski, Dominik and Andrzej Polus. (2011) “Sino-Zambian Relations: ‘An All-weather
Friendship’ Weathering the Storm,” Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29 (2),
181-192.

__________ and Ian Taylor. (2011) “Contextualising Chinese Engagement in Africa,”

Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 129-136.

__________, Andrzej Polus and Ian Taylor (eds.). (2012) China’s Rise in Africa:
Perspectives on a Developing Connection. London: Routledge.

__________ and Qian Sun. (2014) “New Friends, Old Friends? The World Bank and
Africa When the Chinese are Coming,” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism
and International Organizations, 20 (4), pp. 601-623.

Korinman, Michel and Thierry Pairault. (2012) Chinafrique, Avez-Vous Dit? Special issue
of Outre-Terre, no. 30 (January).

Kornegay, Francis A. (2007) “Africa’s Engagement with China from a Diplomatic

Perspective,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-17.

Kostecka, Daniel J. (2010) “The Chinese Navy’s Emerging Support Network in the
Indian Ocean,” China Brief, 10 (15), pp. 3-5.
 129

__________. (2010) “Hambantota, Chittagong, and the Maldives – Unlikely Pearls for
the Chinese Navy,” China Brief, 10 (23), pp. 8-10.

__________. (2011) “Places and Bases: The Chinese Navy’s Emerging Support Network
in the Indian Ocean,” Naval War College Review, 64 (1), pp. 59-78.

Kotecki, Stephanie L. (2008) “The Human Rights Costs of China’s Arms Sales to Sudan
—A Violation of International Law on Two Fronts,” Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal,
17 (1), pp. 209-235.

Koumou, Roquia Fane Madouka and Wang Manyi. (2016) “Effects of Chinese Foreign
Direct Investment in Africa,” Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4 (3), pp. 131-139.
See at http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfa.20160403.15.pdf.

Kozak, Robert and Kerstin Canby. (2007) “Why China Prefers Logs: Explaining the
Prevalence of Unprocessed Wood in China’s Timber Imports,” Information Bulletin:
China and East Asia (Forest Trends), issue 9 (October), pp. 1-5. See at www.forest-
trends.org/documents/misc/CHEAP/CEAIB%20Issue%209%20Oct%2007%20-%20Why
%20Logs%20(English).pdf.

Kragelund, Peter. (2008) “The Return of Non-DAC Donors to Africa: New Prospects for
African Development?” Development Policy Review, 26 (5), pp. 555-584.

__________. (2008) “Opening the Black Box of China-Africa Relations: The Magnitude
and Composition of Chinese Investments in Zambia,” European Association of
Development Research and Training Institutes 12th General Conference paper (28 June).
See at
www.eadi.org/fileadmin/Documents/Events/General_Conference/2008/paper_Kragelund.
pdf.

__________. (2009) “Knocking on a Wide-open Door: Chinese Investments in Africa,”

Review of African Political Economy, 36 (122), pp. 479-497.

__________. (2009) “Part of the Disease or Part of the Cure? Chinese Investments in the
Zambian Mining and Construction Sectors,” European Journal of Development Research,
21 (4), pp. 644-661.

__________. (2012) “Bringing ‘Indigenous’ Ownership Back: Chinese Presence and the
Citizen Economic Empowerment Commission in Zambia,” Journal of Modern African
Studies, 50 (3), pp. 447-466.

__________. (2014) Chinese Soft Power and Higher Education in Africa: The Confucius
Institute at the University of Zambia. Paper presented at conference in Bonn 23-26 June,
2014. See at http://eadi.org/gc2014/index.php/gc2014-kragelund-
 130

249.pdf@page=downloadpaper&filename=gc2014-kragelund-
249.pdf&form_id=249&form_index=2&form_version=final.

Krasilnikov, A. (1981) “Peking’s Treacherous Course and the Liberation Struggle in

Southern Africa,” Far Eastern Affairs, no. 2, pp. 64-73.

Krukowska, Monika. (2016) “China and Africa. Cooperation Outlook after the 6th
FOCAC Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa,” Journal of Modern Science, pp. 157-
180.

Krupakar, Jayanna. (2017) “China’s Naval Base(s) in the Indian Ocean: Signs of a
Maritime Grand Strategy?” Strategic Analysis 41 (3), pp. 207-222.

Kuada, John. (2005) “Learning from Asia: Chinese Investment Inflows to Africa and
Their Possible Impact on African Management Practices,” African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp.
36-41.

Kuei-Sheng Chang. (1974) “The Maritime Scene in China at the Dawn of Great
European Discoveries,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 94 (3), pp. 347-359.

Kumar, Amit. (2010) “China’s Island Strategy in the Indian Ocean: Breaching India’s
Sphere of Influence,” online paper. See at
www.observerindia.com/cms/export/orfonline/modules/analysis/attachments/influence_1
253251335478.pdf.

Kumar, Suresh. (2007) “Globalization and China Economic Policies towards Africa:
Emerging China-Eritrea Bilateral Relations,” Eritrea Profile, 14 (28-29 & 31). See at
www.africaindia.org/chafr.htm.

Kumar, Sunaina and Angela Stanzel. (2016) “India and China: A Scramble for Africa?”
European Council on Foreign Relations (29 July). See at
http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_india_and_china_a_scramble_for_africa_7086.

Kummer-Noormamode, Sabina. (2014) “Does Trade with China Have an Impact on

African Countries’ Growth?” African Development Review, 26 (2), pp. 397-415.

Kumpe, Tim and Kuo-Hua Chen. (2014) “Towards the Creation of Wiser Futures: Sino-
Africa Relations and Futures of African Development,” Journal of Futures Studies, 19
(2), pp. 1-20.

Kuo, Lily. (2016) “China Is on a Mission To Modernize African Farming—And Find

New Markets for Its Own Companies,” Quartz Africa, 16 November. See at
http://qz.com/788657/a-chinese-aid-project-for-rwandan-farmers-is-actually-more-of-a-
gateway-for-chinese-businesses/.
 131

__________. (2017) “There’s At Least One Place in Africa Where China’s ‘Win Win’
Diplomacy Is Failing,” Quartz Africa, 21 November. See at
https://qz.com/1111402/south-sudan-china-win-win-diplomacy-struggles/.

Kuo, Steven C.Y. (2012) “Beijing’s Understanding of African Security: Context and
Limitations,” African Security, 5 (1), pp. 24-43.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Peacebuilding in Liberia as Soft-power Projection:

Perspectives from Monrovia,” The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 6-23.

__________. (2015) “Chinese Peace? An Emergent Norm in African Peace Operations,”

China Quarterly of International Strategic Relations, 1 (1) (April), pp. 155-181.

Kuo, Warren (ed.). (1976) Foreign-Policy Speeches by Chinese Communist Leaders

1963-1975. Taipei: Institute of International Relations.

Kurlantzick, Joshua. (2006) “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its
Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment Policy
Outlook (November), pp. 1-7.
www.carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_outlook_africa2.pdf.

__________. (2007) Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the
World. New Haven: Yale University Press.

__________. (2007) “China’s New Diplomacy and Its Impact on the World,” Brown
Journal of World Affairs, 14 (1), 221-235.

__________, David Shinn and Minxin Pei. (2006) “China’s Africa Strategy: A New
Approach to Development and Diplomacy?” Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace Forum (12 December). See at www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?
fa=print&id=941.

Kusimba, C.M. (1994) “Chinese Ceramics in the Fort Jesus Museum Collection,” Kenya
Past and Present, vol. 26, pp. 55-57.

Kwaa Prah, Kwesi. (2007) “China and Africa: Defining a Relationship,” Development, 50
(3), pp. 69-75.

__________ (ed.) (2007) Afro-Chinese Relations: Past, Present and Future. Cape Town:
The Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society.

Kynoch, Gary. (2003) “Controlling the Coolies: Chinese Mineworkers and the Struggle
for Labor in South Africa, 1904-1910,” International Journal of African Historical
Studies, 36 (2), pp. 309-329.
 132

__________. (2005) “‘Your Petitioners Are in Mortal Terror’: The Violent World of
Chinese Mineworkers in South Africa, 1904-1910,” Journal of Southern African Studies,
31 (3), pp. 531-546.

Lafargue, François. (2005) “China’s Presence in Africa,” China Perspectives, no. 61

(September-October). See at www.cefc.com.hk/uk/pc/articles/art_ligne.php?
num_art_ligne=6101.

__________. (2005) “États-Unis, Inde, Chine: Rivalités Pétrolières en Afrique,” Afrique

Contemporaine, 2005/4 (216), pp. 43-56.

__________. (2006) “La Chine: Stratègies d’Influence en Côte d’Ivoire,” Monde

Chinois, no. 8 (Été/Automne), pp. 39-48.

__________. (2007) “La Rivalité entre la Chine et l’Inde en Afrique Australe,” Afrique
Contemporaine, 2007/2 (222), pp. 167-179.

__________. (2008) “La France devant la Présence Chinoise en Afrique,” Défense

Nationale et Sécurité Collective, 63 (7), pp. 33-40.

__________. (2009) “China in Africa: A Limited Conquest,” China Perspectives, no. 1,

pp. 80-86.

Lagerkvist, Johan. (2008) “Chinese Views on Africa’s Development and Sino-African

Cooperation,” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), pp. 3-10.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Eyes on Africa: Authoritarian Flexibility versus

Democratic Governance,” Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 27 (2), 119-134.

__________. (2011) “China in Africa: ‘New’ South-South Cooperation and the Issue of
State Sovereignty,” Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift, 113 (1), pp. 97-104.

__________. (2014) “As China Returns: Perceptions of Land Grabbing and Spatial
Power Relations in Mozambique,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49 (3), pp. 251-
266.

Lahtinen, Anja. (2018) China’s Diplomacy and Economic Activities in Africa: Relations
on the Move. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lai Hongyi. (2006) “China’s Cultural Diplomacy: Going for Soft Power,” East Asian
Institute Background Brief No. 308 (26 October). See at www.eai.nus.edu.sg/BB308.pdf.

Lai, Hongyi Harry. (2007) “China’s Oil Diplomacy: Is It a Global Security Threat?”
Third World Quarterly, 28 (3), pp. 519-537.
 133

Lai, I-Chung. (2007) “Taiwan Examines Its Policies of Diplomacy,” China Brief, 6 (20),
pp. 7-9.

Laïdi, Zaki. (1990) The Super-powers and Africa: The Constraints of a Rivalry 1960-
1990. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lakatos, Csilla, Maryla Maliszewska, Israel Osorio-Rodarte, and Delfin Go. (2016)
“China’s Slowdown and Rebalancing: Potential Growth and Poverty Impacts on Sub-
Saharan Africa,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7666 (May). See at
http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2016/05/10/090224b0
84315659/1_0/Rendered/PDF/China0s0slowdo0n0Sub0Saharan0Africa.pdf.

Lam, Katy N. (2014) “L’Inévitable ‘Localisation’: Les Entreprises Publiques Chinoises

de la Construction au Ghana,” Politique Africaine, no. 134, pp. 21-43.

__________. (2015) “Chinese Adaptations: African Agency, Fragmented Community and

Social Capital Creation in Ghana,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 1, pp. 9-41.

__________. (2017) Chinese State Owned Enterprises in West Africa: Triple-embedded

Globalization. London: Routledge.

Lam, Willy. (2009) “Hu Jintao Unveils Major Foreign-Policy Initiative,” China Brief, 9
(24), pp. 2-4.

__________. (2011) “Beijing Wary of ‘Color Revolutions’ Sweeping Middle East/North

Africa,” China Brief, 9 (3), pp. 2-5.

Lammers, Ellen. (2007) “China and Africa: How Will the Beijing Consensus Benefit
Africa?” The Broker, issue 1 (April). See at
www.thebrokeronline.eu/en/layout/set/print/articles/how_will_the_beijing_consensus_be
nefit_africa.

Lammich, Georg. (2014) China’s Impact on Capacity Building in the African Union.
Paper presented at a workshop at Heidelberg University. See at http://www.uni-
heidelberg.de/md/awi/ssdc_lammich.pdf.

Lampert, Ben and Giles Mohan. (2014) “Sino-African Encounters in Ghana and Nigeria
from Conflict to Conviviality and Mutual Benefit,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs,
43 (1), pp. 9-39.

Lan, Shanshan. (2015) “State Regulation of Undocumented African Migrants in China: A

Multi-scalar Analysis,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50 (3), pp. 289-304.
 134

__________ and Allen Hai Xiao. (2014) “Mobilités Transfrontalières et Réseaux

Transculturels de Petits Entrepreneurs Chinois et Nigérians,” Politique Africaine, no 134,
pp. 45-67.

Lan Xue. (2014) China’s Foreign Aid Policy and Architecture. Tsinghua University. See
at https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/casi.sas.upenn.edu/files/upiasi/Lan%20Xue%20-
%20IDRC,%20China%20as%20an%20Emerging%20Donor.pdf.

Lancaster, Carol. (2007) “The Chinese Aid System,” Center for Global Development
Essay (June), pp. 1-7. See at www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13953/.

Land, Thomas. (1968) “China’s African Line,” Transition, no. 36, pp. 58-59.

__________. (1968) “China’s African Railway,” Contemporary Review, 213 (1225), pp.
24-27.

Lang, Nicolas. (1965) “Les Chinois à Brazzaville,” Est et Ouest, no. 343 (1-15 June), pp.
1-3.

__________. (1965) “‘Journalistes’ Chinois en Afrique Noire,” Est et Ouest, no. 349 (16-
31 October), p. 32. English translation available in JPRS Translations on Africa, 34
(32902) no. 286, pp. 11-13.

Langmia, Kehbuma. (2011) “The Secret Weapon of Globalization: China’s Activities in

Sub-Saharan Africa,” Journal of Third World Studies, 28 (2), pp. 41-58.

Lanteigne, Marc. (2009) Chinese Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge.

__________. (2013) “Fire over Water: China’s Strategic Engagement of Somalia and the
Gulf of Aden Crisis,” The Pacific Review, 26 (3), pp. 289-312.

__________. (2014) China’s Peacekeeping Policies in Mali: New Security Thinking or

Balancing Europe? NFG working paper no. 11. See at http://www.diss.fu-
berlin.de/docs/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDOCS_derivate_000000004251/wp1114
-china-peacekeeping-policies-mali.pdf.

Large, Daniel. (2007) “China and African Development: Exploring ‘Post-War’

Dimensions,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-4. See at
www.globalization-africa.org/papers/78.pdf.

__________. (2007) “China and the Changing Context of Development in Sudan,”

Development, 50 (3), pp. 57-62.

__________. (2008) “Beyond ‘Dragon in the Bush’: The Study of China-Africa

Relations,” African Affairs, 107 (426), pp. 45-61.
 135

__________. (2008) “China and the Contradictions of ‘Non-interference’ in Sudan,”

Review of African Political Economy. 35 (115), 93-106.

__________. (2008) “China’s Role in the Mediation and Resolution of Conflict in

Africa,” Oslo Forum 2008: Background Papers, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, pp.
35-41. See at https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/90798/China_Mediation_06_08.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Sudan’s Foreign Relations with Asia: China and the Politics of
‘Looking East’.” Institute for Security Studies Paper 158 (February), pp. 1-18.

__________. (2009) “China’s Sudan Engagement: Changing Northern and Southern

Political Trajectories in Peace and War,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp.
610-626.

__________. (2010) “Referendum Politics: China’s Changing ‘One Sudan, Two Systems’
Diplomacy,” The China Monitor (September), 4-6.

__________. (2011) “China and Post-conflict Reconstruction in Africa: The Case of

Sudan,” SAIIA Policy Briefing 36 (October), pp. 1-4. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_36_large_20111031.pdf.

__________. (2012) “Between the CPA and Southern Independence: China’s Post-
Conflict Engagement in Sudan,” SAIIA Occasional Paper No. 115 (April), pp. 1-25. See
at www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_115_
%20large%20_20120411.pdf.

__________. (2012) “The History of South Sudan’s Chinese Future,” Global Review
(winter), pp. 27-30.

__________. (2013) “China-South Sudan: Governance in Emerging Relations,” SAIIA

Policy Briefing 77 (November). See at www.saiia.org.za/policy-briefings/governance-in-
emerging-relations.

__________. (2013) “The Securitization of China’s Africa Relations,” SSRC, paper given
at Yale University. See at http://china-africa.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Large-
Final.pdf.

__________. (2016) “China and South Sudan’s Civil War, 2013-2015,” African Studies
Quarterly, 16 (3/4), December, pp. 35-54.

__________ and Luke A. Patey (eds.). (2011) Sudan Looks East: China, India and the
Politics of Asian Alternatives. Suffolk, UK: James Currey.

Large, Daniel and Luke Patey. (2014) “Riding the Sudanese Storm: China, India, Russia,
Brazil and the Two Sudans,” SAIIA occasional paper 197 (July), pp. 1-47.
 136

Larkin, Bruce D. (1971) China and Africa 1949-1970: The Foreign Policy of the People’s
Republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press.

__________. (1971) “China and Africa: A Prospective on the 1970s,” Africa Today, 18
(3), pp. 1-11.

Larmer, Miles. (2008) “The Zimbabwe Arms Shipment Campaign,” Review of African
Political Economy, 35 (117), pp. 486-493.

Law Yu Fai. (1984) Chinese Foreign Aid: A Study of its Nature and Goals with
Particular Reference to the Foreign Policy and World View of the People’s Republic of
China, 1950-1982. Saarbrücken: Verlag Breitenbach Publishers.

Lawrance, Alan. (1975) China’s Foreign Relations since 1949. London: Routledge and
Kegan Paul.

Lawson, Eugene K. (1980) “China’s Policy in Ethiopia and Angola” in Soviet and
Chinese Aid to African Nations by Warren Weinstein and Thomas H. Henriksen (eds.).
New York: Praeger, pp. 167-182.

Lawther, Isaac. (2016) Situating Sino-African Agricultural Demonstrations in the Global

Food Order: Case Studies from Rwanda and Uganda, MA thesis, University of Waterloo.
See at https://libuwspaceprd02.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/10389.

__________. (2017) “Why African Countries Are Interested in Building Agricultural

Partnerships with China: Lessons from Rwanda and Uganda,” Third World Quarterly 38
(10), pp. 2312-2329.

Le Bail, Hélène. (2009) “Les Grandes Villes Chinoises Comme Espace d’Immigration
Internationale: Le Cas des Entrepreneurs Africains,” Asie Vision. See at
www.ifri.org/files/centre_asie/AV19_LeBail_FR.pdf.

___________. (2009) “Foreign Migration to China’s City-Markets: The Case of African

Merchants,” Asie Visions 19 (August). See at
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/av19lebailgb.pdf.

Leday, William. (2007) “Dimensions Politique du Partenariat Stratégique Chine-

Afrique,” Défense Nationale et Sécurité Collective, 63 (1), pp. 95-102.

Lee, Chia-Yi. (2015) “Chinese Outward Investment in Oil and Its Economic and Political
Impact in Developing Countries,” Issues & Studies, 51 (3), September, pp. 131-163. See
at http://chiayilee.weebly.com/uploads/3/7/4/3/37436089/131-163.pdf.

Lee, Ching Kwan. (2009) “Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the
Politics of Casualization in Africa’s Chinese Enclaves,” The China Quarterly, no. 199
(September), pp. 647-666.
 137

__________. (2014) “The Spectre of Global China [in Zambia]” New Left Review 89
(September/October), pp. 29-65. See at
http://www.sociology.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/u281/nlr_2014_no._89.pdf.

Lee, Deng-ker. (1994) “Peking’s Middle East Policy in the Post-Cold War Era,” Issues
and Studies, 30 (8), pp. 69-89.

Lee, Margaret C. (2006) “The 21st Century Scramble for Africa,” Journal of
Contemporary African Studies, 24 (3), pp. 303-330.

__________. (2007) “Uganda-China Relations in the 21st Century,” presentation at UCLA

workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3. See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/81.pdf.

__________. (2014) Africa’s World Trade: Informal Economies and Globalization from
Below. London: Zed Books.

__________, Henning Melber, Sanusha Naidu and Ian Taylor. (2007) China in Africa.
Current African Issues no. 35. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.

Lee, Pak K., Gerald Chan and Lai-Ha Chan. (2012) “China in Darfur: Humanitarian Rule
Maker or Rule-taker?” Review of International Studies, 38 (2), pp. 423-444. See at
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-international-studies/article/china-in-
darfur-humanitarian-rulemaker-or-ruletaker/920DAC5585F1E8DB941A922BF0EB9672.

Lefkowitz, Melissa. (2017) Chinese Media, Kenyan Lives: An Ethnographic Inquiry into
CCTV Africa’s Head Offices, China Africa Research Initiative working paper 9
(January). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/5890c864ebbd1a33c
539387d/1485883493360/kenya+v4.pdf.

Legault, Ghislain. (2008) “Africa’s Newest Friends,” China Rights Forum, no. 1, pp. 40-
42.

Legum Colin. (1964) “Pan-Africanism, The Communists and The West,” African Affairs,
63 (252), pp. 186-196.

__________. (1965) “Africa and China: Symbolism and Substance,” in Policies toward
China: Views from Six Continents by A.M. Halpern (ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book
Co.: pp. 389-436.

__________. (1965) “Peking’s Strategic Priorities,” Africa Report, 10 (1), pp. 19-21.

__________. (1976) “The Soviet Union, China and the West in Southern Africa,”
Foreign Affairs, 54 (4), pp. 745-762.
 138

__________. (1982) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry in Africa” in China, the Soviet Union, and the
West by Douglas T. Stuart and William T. Tow (eds.). Boulder: Westview Press, pp. 201-
212.

__________. (1983) “Gong Dafei, Vice-Foreign Minister for African Affairs, the People’s
Republic of China: Interview,” Africa Report (March-April), pp. 20-22.

__________. (1992) “The Postcommunist Third World: Focus on Africa,” Problems of

Communism, 41 (1-2), pp. 195-206.

Legvold, Robert. (1975) “Soviet and Chinese Influence in Black Africa” in Soviet and
Chinese Influence in the Third World by Alvin Z. Rubinstein (ed.). New York: Praeger,
pp. 154-175.

Lei, David. (2008) “China’s New Multi-Faceted Maritime Strategy,” Orbis, 52 (1), pp.
139-157.

Lejeune, Johannes. (2015) Ruling Parties as Communities of Practice and Collective

Identity in China-Ethiopia Relations. AFRASO Working Papers no. 1 (October). See at
http://www.afraso.org/sites/default/files/downloads/afraso_WS01_web.pdf.

Lekorwe, Mogopodi, Anyway Chingwete, Mina Okuru, and Romaric Samson. (2016)
China’s Growing Presence in Africa Wins Largely Positive Popular Reviews.
Afrobarometer dispatch no. 122 (24 October). See at
http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Dispatches/ab_r6_dispatchno122_
perceptions_of_china_in_africa1.pdf.

Lemos, Anabela and Daniel Ribeiro. (2007) “A New Colonial Power in Mozambique,”
International Rivers (17 September). See at http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1887.

Len, Christopher. (2015) “China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, Energy
Security and SLOC Access,” Maritime Affairs, 11 (1), pp. 1-18.

Leslie, Agnes Ngoma. (2016) “Introduction – China-Africa Relations: Political and

Economic Engagement and Media Strategies,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4),
December, pp. 1-6.

__________. (2016) “Zambia and China: Workers’ Protest, Civil Society, and the Role of
Opposition Politics in Elevating State Engagement,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4),
December, pp. 89-106.

__________. (2018) “Introduction – China-Africa Relations: Theoretical and Practical

Perspectives on African ‘Migrants’ in China,” African Studies Quarterly, 17 (4), pp. 1-4.

Leslie, Michael. (2016) “The Dragon Shapes Its Image: The Emerging Role of Chinese
Social Media,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4), December, pp. 161-174.
 139

Lessing, Pieter. (1962) Africa’s Red Harvest: An Account of Communism in Africa. New
York: The John Day Co.

Levathes, Louise. (1994) When China Ruled the Sea: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon
Throne 1405-1433. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lewis, Joanna I. (2007-2008) “China’s Strategic Priorities in International Climate

Change Negotiations,” The Washington Quarterly, 31 (1), pp. 155-174.

Lewis, Peter. (2006) “China in Africa,” SAISphere (winter). See at www.sais-

jhu.edu/pubaffairs/publications/saisphere/winter06/lewis.html.

Li Anshan. (2005) “African Studies in China in the Twentieth Century: A

Historiographical Survey,” African Studies Review, 48 (1), pp. 59-87.

__________.(2006) “China-African Relations in the Discourse on China’s Rise,” Journal

of World Economics and Politics, 11, pp. 7-14.

__________. (2006) “Transformation of China’s Policy towards Africa,” Center on

China’s Transitional Relations Working Paper No. 20, pp. 1-24. See at
www.cctr.ust.hk/articles/pdf/WorkingPaper20_LiAnshan.pdf.

__________. (2007) “China and Africa: Policy and Challenges,” China Security, 3 (3),
pp. 69-93.

__________. (2007) “China’s Policy towards Africa: Continuity and Change,” power
point presentation delivered in Tokyo 29 January. See at www.jica.go.jp/jica-
ri/topics/archives/jica/2007/docs/070129_01.pdf.

__________. (2007) “Transformation of China’s Africa Policy: When, Why and What,”
paper presented at China-World Conference at the University of Durham, 19-20 March.
See at www.dur.ac.uk/resources/china.studies/Li%20An%20Shan.doc.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Experiences in Development: Implications for Africa,”

Pambazuka News (18 June). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/57079.

__________. (2009) “What’s To Be Done after the Fourth FOCAC?” The China Monitor
(November), pp. 7-9.

__________. (2011) “Chinese Medical Cooperation in Africa,” Nordiska Afrikainstitutet

Discussion Paper no. 52. See at http://nai.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:399727/FULLTEXT02.
 140

__________. (2012) A History of Overseas Chinese in Africa to 1911. New York:

Diasporic Africa Press.

__________. (2014) “Origin of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation,” in China and

the International Society: Adaptation and Self-Consciousness, Zhao Jinjun and Chen
Zhirui (eds.). Hackensack, NJ: World Century, pp. 259-294.

__________. (2015) “African Diaspora in China: Reality, Research and Reflection,” The
Journal of Pan African Studies, 7 (10), May, pp. 10-43.

__________. (2015) “Contact between China and Africa before Vasco da Gama:
Archeology, Document and Historiography,” World History Studies, 2 (1), pp. 34-59.

__________. (2016) “African Studies in China in the 21st Century: A Historiographical

Survey,” Brazilian Journal of African Studies, 1 (2), July/December, pp. 48-88.

__________. (2016) “Technology Transfer in China-Africa Relation: Myth or Reality,”

Transnational Corporations Review, 8 (3), pp. 183-195.

__________. (2018) “African Students in China: Research, Reality, and Reflection,”

African Studies Quarterly, 17 (4), pp. 5-44.

__________, et al. (2012) The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: From a Sustainable

Perspective. See at
http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/the_forum_on_china_africa_cooperation_1.pdf.

__________, Liu Haifang, Pan Huaqiong, Zeng Aiping and He Wenping. (2012) FOCAC
Twelve Years Later: Achievements, Challenges and the Way Forward. Discussion Paper
74, Peking University. See at
www.safpi.org/sites/default/files/publications/FOCAC74.pdf.

__________ and Funeka Yazini April (eds.). (2013) Forum on China-Africa

Cooperation: The Politics of Human Resource Development. Pretoria: Africa Institute of
South Africa.

Li Baoping. (2006) “On the Issues Concerned with China-Africa Education

Cooperation,” unpublished paper presented at a workshop on China-Africa in Hong Kong
11-12 November, pp. 1-13. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/.

Li Cheng. (2006) “China’s Telecom Industry on the Move: Domestic Competition,

Global Ambition, and Leadership Transition,” China Leadership Monitor, no. 19. See at
http://media.hoover.org/documents/clm19_cl.pdf.

Li Dongyan. (2014) “China’s Approaches and Future Prospects for Participation in UN

Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding: A Report Based on Field Research of UN Peacekeeping
and Peacebuilding Missions in Africa,” in China and the International Society:
 141

Adaptation and Self-Consciousness, Zhao Jinjun and Chen Zhirui (eds.). Hackensack, NJ:
World Century, pp. 233-257.

Li, Gary. (2015) “Xi’s Blue Helmets: Chinese Peacekeeping in Context,” China Brief, 15
(21) (2 November), pp. 13-16.

Li Jia. (2014) “A Smarter Helping Hand: Mixed Attitudes towards China’s Aid in Africa
Highlight the Necessity of a New Aid Strategy,” NewsChina, issue 71 (1July 2014), 20-
25.

Li Liqing. (2006) “Chinese Communist Party’s Contacts with African Political Parties: A
History and Status Quo (in Chinese),” West Asia and Africa, no. 3 (May-June), pp. 16-19.

Li Peng. (1984) “Vice Premier Li on Sino-African Relations,” Beijing Review, 27 (28),

pp. 16-17.

Li Shaoxian and Tang Zhichao. (2007) “China and the Middle East,” Contemporary
International Relations, 17 (1), pp. 22-31.

Li Weijian. (2008) “Beijing Summit and the Third Ministerial Conference of the Forum
on China-Africa Cooperation--Appraisal and Prospects,” Shanghai Institutes for
International Studies. See at www.siis.org.cn/sh_yi_cms//upics/20091611554R1EG.PDF.

__________. (2009) “The Transformation of International System and China-Africa

Relations,” Shanghai Institutes for International Studies. See at
www.siis.org.cn/sinoafrica/pdf/Li%20Weijian.pdf.

Li Wengang. Chen Yulai, and Guo Jia. (2013) “Constructing a Knowledge Society:
China’s Experience and Inspiration to Africa,” Global Review (winter). See at
http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1694.

Li Xiaoyun. (2008) “China’s Foreign Aid and Aid to Africa: Overview,” power point
presentation. See at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/27/7/40378067.pdf.

__________. (2008) “China’s Foreign Aid to Africa,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-28. See
at www.iprcc.org.cn/ppt/2008-05-13/1210662570.pdf.

__________, Qi Gubo, Tang Lixia, Zhao Lixia, Jin Leshan, Guo Zhanfeng, and Wu Jin.
(2012) Agricultural Development in China and Africa: A Comparative Analysis. New
York: Routledge.

__________, Tang Lixia, Xu Xiuli, Qi Gubo, and Wang Haimin. (2013) “What Can
Africa Learn from China’s Experience in Agricultural Development?” IDS Bulletin, 44
(4), pp. 31-41.
 142

Li Xin. (2011) “The Partition of Sudan and Its Impact on China’s Oil Interests”
Contemporary International Relations 21 (6) November/December. See at
http://www.cicir.ac.cn/chinese/Article_4041.html.

Li Xinfeng. (2013) “The Cornerstones of China-Africa Friendship,” Qiushi, 5 (4), pp. 16-
21. See at: http://english.qstheory.cn/international/201311/t20131113_290385.htm.

Li Xing. (2003) “The Power of Logo: The Implication of the Chinese Revolution on Pan-
Africanism,” Tinabantu: Journal of African National Affairs, 1 (2), pp. 36-51.

__________ and Abdulkadir Osman Farah (eds.). (2013) China-Africa Relations in an

Era of Great Transformations. Surrey, England: Ashgate.

Li, Yan. (2007) “China and the United States Turn Swords into Plowshares in Africa,”
Washington Observer, issue 210. See at www.washingtonobserver.org/en/document.cfm?
documentid=84&charid=3.

Li Zhibiao. (2008) “How Should African Nations Draw Lessons from China’s
Development Experience?” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), 56-72.

Liang-Tsai, Wei. (1982) Peking Versus Taipei in Africa 1960-1978. Taipei: The Asia and
World Institute.

Liang Xu. (2013) “The Three Phases/faces of China in Independent Africa:

Reconceptualizing China-Africa Engagement,” SSRC, paper given at Yale University.
See at china-afria.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Liang-Final.pdf. Accessed 28
December 2016.

Liang Zheng. (2010) “Neo-colonialism, Ideology or Just Business? China’s Perception of

Africa,” Global Media and Communication, 6 (3), pp. 271-276.

Liangxing Li. (2016) “The Image of Africa in China: The Emerging Role of Chinese
Social Media,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4), December, pp. 149-160.

Liao Cheng-chih. (1960) “Liao Cheng-chih’s Speech,” Peking Review, 3 (13), 11-13.

Liao, Janet Xuanli. (2013) “China’s Energy Diplomacy and Its ‘Peaceful Rise’ Ambition:
The Cases of Sudan and Iran,” Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 1 (2), pp. 197-225.

Li-Chengwen. (2007) “Interview with Li-Chengwen, Chinese Ambassador to Sudan,”

Sudan Vision (Khartoum), (30 October). See at
www.sudanvisiondaily.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=27543.

Lifan Li. (2007) “South-South Cooperation: Some Thoughts on the 2006 Sino-African
Summit,” Asian Journal of Global Studies, 1 (1), pp. 30-31.
 143

__________. (2012) “Beijing’s New Strategy in Africa: Loans for Oil,” Oil Magazine,
no. 19, pp. 40-41. See at www.abo.net/en_IT/flip-tabloid/oil_19_eng/index.html#/42/.

Lim, Alvin Cheng-Hin. (2015) “Africa and China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,”
The Asia-Pacific Journal, 13 (10), no. 1 (16 March), pp. 1-8.

Lim, Young Joon. (2012) “Anti-Chinese Sentiment in Zambia and the African Continent:
Comparative Coverage of the Phenomenon by Zambian, Chinese, and South African
Newspapers,” International Journal of Information and Communition Technology
Research 2 (7), pp. 548-557. See at
http://esjournals.org/journaloftechnology/archive/vol2no7/vol2no7_2.pdf.

Lin, Bih-jaw. (1982) “Communist China’s Foreign Policy in Africa: A Historical

Review,” Issues and Studies, 17 (2), pp. 31-53.

__________. (1986) “Peking’s Ideology and Policies in Southern Africa,” Issues and
Studies, 22 (3), pp. 126-140.

Lin, Christina. (2011) “The New Silk Road: China’s Energy Strategy in the Greater
Middle East,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Review, Policy Focus #109
(April), pp. 1-26.

Lin, Edwin. (2014) “‘Big Fish in a Small Pond’: Chinese Migrant Shopkeepers in South
Africa,” International Migration Review, 48 (1), pp. 181-215.

__________. (2014) Small Pond Migration: Chinese Migrant Shopkeepers in South

Africa, PhD dissertation, UC Berkeley. See at
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x99878z#page-8.

Lin, Lavina, et al. (2015) “Health Care Experiences and Perceived Barriers to Health
Care Access: A Qualitative Study among African Migrants in Guangzhou, Guangdong
Province, China,” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 17 (5), pp. 1509-1517.

Lin, Teh-chang. (1995) “Problems in the Study of Beijing’s Foreign Aid,” Issues and
Studies, 31 (7), pp. 66-78.

Lin, Yung-lo. (1989) “Peking’s African Policy in the 1980s,” Issues and Studies, 25 (4),
pp. 76-96.

Lindeman, Stefan. (2013) “China’s Development Finance to Africa – Risks and

Opportunities for DAC Donors,” KFW Development Research, no. 7 (16 September).
See at https://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/PDF/Download-Center/PDF-Dokumente-
Development-Research/2013_11_15-FE_China_in-Afrika_EN.pdf.

Ling, Bonny. (2007) “China’s Peacekeeping Diplomacy,” China Rights Forum, no. 1, pp.
47-49. See at http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-2007-1_complete.pdf.
 144

Linke, Janka. (2014) “Oil, Water and Agriculture: Chinese Impact on Sudanese Land
Use,” in Disrupting Territories: Land, Commodification and Conflict in Sudan by Jörge
Gertel, Richard Rottenburg, and Sandra Calkins (eds.). Suffolk, UK: James Currey, pp.
77-101.

Liu, Ailan and Bo Tang. (2017) US and China Aid to Afrca: Impact on the Donor-
Recipient Trade Relations. Munich Personal RePEc Archive paper no. 82276
(November). See at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82276/1/MPRA_paper_82276.pdf.

Liu, Alan P.L. (1972) “Ideology and Information: Correspondents of the New China
News Agency and Chinese Foreign Policy Making,” Journal of International Affairs, 26
(2), pp. 131-145.

Liu Guijin. (2004) “China-Africa Relations: Equality, Cooperation and Mutual

Development,” 9 November 2004 presentation at a seminar organized by the Institute for
Security Studies in South Africa.

__________. (2005) “All-weather Friends in Need and Indeed: China-Africa Relations

Seen from the Eyes of a Chinese Diplomat,” African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 10-19.

__________. (2006) “China’s Role in Meeting Africa’s Developmental Needs,” speech

delivered to conference in South Africa 16-17 October hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-6. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Guijin_Presentation.pdf.

__________. (2007) “Briefing on China-Africa Relations,” account of briefing organized

by the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa on 10 September. See at
www.un.org/africa/osaa/press/China%20Africa%20Briefing%20September%202007.pdf.

__________. (2007) “Vision for Darfur,” Beijing Review, 50 (33), pp. 12-13.

__________. (2008) “Darfur and Sino-African Relations,” Chatham House transcript (22
February), pp. 1-6. See at www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/11105_220208guijin.pdf.

Liu Haifang. (2015) “FOCAC VI: African Initiatives toward a Sustainable Chinese
Relationship,” The China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp.42-48.

__________. (2017) “China’s Influence in Africa: Current Roles and Future Prospects in
Resource Extraction,” The Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy, 8 (1),
pp. 34-59. See at
https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/60b422_d88b69f4b31b41b08af9d2a5448dc7ea.pdf.

Liu Hongwu. (2008) “Sino-African Exchanges: The Importance of the History of

Civilizations,” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), pp. 73-82.
 145

__________. (2011) “Sino-African Relations through Three Decades: A Window of

China’s Progress in Foreign Relations,” in Transformation of Foreign Affairs and
International Relations of China, 1978-2008 by Wang Yizhou (ed.). Leiden: Brill, pp. 73-
103.

__________. (2013) “How To Solve African Governance and Development Issues: A

Perspective from China,” Bridges Africa, 2 (6), pp. 15-17.

Liu Hongwu and Yang Jiemian (eds). (2009) Fifty Years of Sino-African Cooperation:
Background, Progress and Significance. Kunming, Yunnan: Yunnan University Press.

Liu Hongwu and Zhan Shu. (2014) “The Impact of Sino-African Cooperation on Africa’s
Development.” Summary of remarks made at Chatham House on 24 March. See at
www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/home/chatham/public_html/sites/default/files/2
0140324SinoAfricanCooperation.pdf.

Liu Hui. (2015) “Sino-Sudan Relation: Mutually Beneficial or Neo-colonialism,” African

Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 9 (10), October, pp. 372-378.
See at http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-
pdf/3BCA30055247.

Liu Lide. (2001) “Lasting Sino-African Friendship,” Africa Insight, 31 (2), pp. 35-38.

Liu Lirong. (2011) The EU and China’s Engagement in Africa: The Dilemma of
Socialisation. European Union Institute for Security Studies occasional paper no. 93
(August). See at https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/eu-and-china’s-engagement-africa-
dilemma-socialisation.

Liu, Philip Hsiaopong. (2013) “Petty Annoyances? Revisiting John Emmanuel Hevi’s An
African Student in China after 50 Years,” China: An International Journal, 11 (1), pp.
131-145.

Liu, Phillip. (2001) “Cross-Strait Scramble for Africa: A Hidden Agenda in China-Africa
Cooperation Forum,” Harvard Asia Quarterly, 5 (2). See at
www.asiaquarterly.com/view/103/40/.

Liu Wei. (2009) “New Era, Great Prospects,” Beijing Review, 52 (18), 7 May, pp. 10-11.

Liu Yang and Cyprian Nugah Doh. (2013) “China and Botswana: Legal and Cultural
Differences in Labour Law,” The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 50-71.

Liu Yumei. (2007) “China’s Soft Power and the Development of China-Africa Relations,”
China International Studies, no. 7 (summer), pp. 81-96.
 146

Løken, Bjørn Erik. (2009) Development for Whom? Narratives on the Impact of Chinese
Involvement in Angola. MA thesis, University of Bergen. See at
http://org.uib.no/fdi/content/files/BjornErikLoken.pdf.

Lokongo, Antoine Roger. (2012) “New AU Headquarters: A Tribute to China-Africa

Relations,” Pambazuka News, issue 568 (February 1).

London, Kurt. (1962) “Communism in Africa: III The Role of China,” Problems of
Communism, 11 (4), pp. 22-27.

Lönnqvist, Linda. (2008) “China’s Aid to Africa: Implications for Civil Society,”
International NGO Training and Research Centre Policy Briefing Paper 17 (February).
See at www.intrac.org/pages/aid_architecture.html.

Lopes, Carlos. (2016) “Contextualizing Sino-Africa Relations,” Waterlines, 35 (1)

(January), pp. 6-11.

__________. (2016) “Reinserting African Agency into Sino-Africa Relations,” Strategic

Review for Southern Africa, 38 (1), pp. 50-68. See at
http://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/85/Strategic%20Review/Vol%2038%281%29/lopes-
pp-50-68.zp89610.pdf.

Lorenz, Andreas and Thilo Thielke. (2007) “China’s Conquest of Africa,” Spiegel Online
(30 May). See at www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,druck-484603,00.html.

Lowenstein, Allard K. (2006) “An Analysis of Select Companies’ Operations in Sudan: A

Resource for Divestment,” study prepared for the International Human Rights Project,
Yale Law School, pp. 1-49. See at
http://inosphere.com/Sudan/docs/Yale_Lowenstein_Updated_Report.pdf.

Lowenthal, Richard. (1963) “China” in Africa and the Communist World by Zbigniew
Brzezinski (ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 142-203.

_________. (1977) Model or Ally? The Communist Powers and the Developing
Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lu Jiang, Angela Harding, Ward Anseeuw, and Chris Alden. (2016) “Chinese Agriculture
Technology Demonstration Centres in Southern Africa: The New Business of
Development,” The Public Sphere. See at https://agritrop.cirad.fr/582983/1/ATDC
%20Paper.pdf.

Lu Shaye. (2013) “Seizing Opportunities and Overcoming Difficulties to Promote the

Development of China-Africa Relations,” China International Studies (March/April), pp.
4-19.
__________. (2013) “The Spillover Effect of China’s Peaceful Development: A Case
Study of Africa,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 108 (Summer), pp. 26-36.
 147

Lubieniecka, Ewelina Róza. (2014) “Chinese Engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa: Can

the Beijing Consensus be Explained Under World-Systems Analysis?” Fudan Journal of
the Humanities and Social Sciences, 7 (3) September, pp. 433-450. See at
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40647-014-0023-1.

Lubinda, Mulundano Comfort and Cheng Jian. (2018) “China-Zambia Economic

Relations: Current Developments, Challenges and Future Prospects for Regional
Integrations,” International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 6 (1),
pp. 205-223. See at http://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/6116.pdf.

Luengo-Cabrera, José. (2016) “Chindia in Africa.” European Union Institute for Security
Studies brief # 12 (April).

Lukunka, Barbra. (2009) “China in Africa: An Olympics-charged Re-engagement,” The

International Journal of the History of Sport, 26 (8), pp. 1105-1121.

Lum, Thomas. (2008) “Comparing Global Influence: China’s and U.S. Diplomacy,
Foreign Aid, Trade, and Investment in the Developing World,” prepared by
Congressional Research Service (15 August). See at
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34620.pdf.

__________, Hannah Fischer, Julissa Gomez-Granger and Anne Leland. (2009) “China’s
Foreign Aid Activities in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia,” report 7-5700
prepared by Congressional Research Service (25 February). See at
http://asets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40361_20090225.pdf.

Lumumba-Kasongo, Tukumbi. (2007) “China-Africa Relations in the Post-Cold War Era:

Dialectics of Rethinking South-South Dialogue,” CODESRIA Bulletin, nos. 1 and 2, pp.
8-16.
__________. (2011) “China-Africa Relations: A Neo-Imperialism or a Neo-Colonialism?
A Reflection*” African and Asian Studies, 10 (2-3), pp. 234-266.

Lunogelo, Hoseana Bohela and Solomon Baregu. (2013) “India and China: Opportunities
and Challenges for Tanzania’s Economic Prosperity,” The Economic and Social Research
Foundation (Dar es Salaam) Discussion Paper No. 53, pp. 1-14. See at
http://esrf.or.tz/docs/DiscussionPaper-53.pdf.

Luo Jianbo. (2006) “Advancing China’s Multilateral Diplomacy in Africa,”

Contemporary International Relations, 16 (12), pp. 11-25.

__________ and Zhang Xiaomin. (2009) “China’s African Policy and Its Soft Power,”
AntePodium. See at www.victoria.ac.nz/atp/articles/pdf/JianboXiaomin-2009.pdf.
 148

__________. (2014) “China’s Foreign Aid: How Big Is It and What Is Its Aim?”
Pambazuka News, issue 690 (6 August). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/92733.

Lupo Raveloarimanana, Monique. (2002) “Les Métis Sino-Malgaches de Madagascar,”

Annuaire de l’Océan Indien, 17, pp. 159-175.

Ly-Tio-Fane Pineo, Huguette. (1985) Chinese Diaspora in Western Indian Ocean. Bell
Village, Mauritius: Editions de l’Océan Indien – Chinese Catholic Mission.

Lyakurwa, William. (2008) “American and Chinese Activities in Africa – and African
Priorities for the Future,” Brenthurst Discussion Paper, 6/2008, pp. 1-28. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commissioned_Reports/BD0806_Ly
akurwa_China_US_Africa.pdf.

Lyman, Princeton. (2005) “China’s Rising Role in Africa,” testimony before the US-
China Economic and Security Review Commission on 21 July, pp. 1-7. See at
www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_07_21wrts/lyman_princeto
n_wrts.php.

__________. (2006) “China’s Involvement in Africa: A View from the US,” South
African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 129-138.

Lyons, Michal, Alison Brown and Li Zhigang. (2012) “In the Dragon’s Den: African
Traders in Guangzhou,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38 (5), pp. 869-888.

__________. (2013) “The China-Africa Value Chain: Can Africa’s Small-Scale

Entrepreneurs Engage Successfully in Global Trade?” African Studies Review, 56 (3), pp.
77-100.

Lyons, Roy. (1978) “The USSR, China and the Horn of Africa,” Review of African
Political Economy, no. 12 (May-August), pp. 5-30.

Ma, Enyu. (2012) “Yiwu Mode and Sino-African Relations,” Journal of Cambridge
Studies, 7 (3), pp. 93-108. See at http://journal.acs-
cam.org.uk/data/archive/2012/201203-article9.pdf.

Ma Mung, Emmanuel. (2008) “Chinese Migration and China’s Foreign Policy in Africa,”
Journal of Chinese Overseas, 4 (1), pp. 91-109.

__________. (2008) “The New Chinese Migration Flows to Africa,” Social Science
Information, 47 (4), pp. 643-659.

Ma, Tiffany. (2009) China and Congo’s Coltan Connection. Project 2049 Institute. See at
https://project2049.net/documents/china_and_congos_coltan_connection.pdf.
 149

Mabasa, Khwezi and Zukiswa Mqolomba. (2016) “Revisiting China’s Development

State: Lessons for Africa,” Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 38 (1), pp. 69-84.

Mackenzie, Catherine. (2006) “Forest Governance in Zambézia, Mozambique: Chinese

Takeaway!” Final Report for Fongza (April). See at www.illegal-
logging.info/uploads/Mozambique_China.pdf.

Maddalena, Roberta. (2016) “Red Dragon vs Black Continent: Positive and Negative
Aspects of China-Africa Relations,” Cultural Relations Quarterly Review, 3 (3), pp. 1-22.
See at http://culturalrelations.org/Review/CRQR_03_03/CRQR_03_03.pdf.

Madey, Eliyas Issack. (2017) The Effect of Sino-Africa Relations on the Foreign Policy
of the United States of America. MA thesis, United States International University-
Africa. See at http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/3340/ELIYAS%20ISSACK
%20MADEY%20MA%20IR%202017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Madrid-Morales and Herman Wasserman. (2018) “Chinese Media Engagement in South

Africa: What Is Its Impact on Local Journalism?,” Journalism Studies, 9 (8), pp. 1218-
1235/ See at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1266280?
journalCode=rjos20.

Magenheim, Gordon S. (2007) “Chinese Influence on U.S. Operational Access to African

Seaports,” Joint Force Quarterly, issue 45 (2nd quarter), pp. 22-27.

Maglad, Nour Eldin A. (2008) “Scoping Study on Chinese Relations with Sudan,” AERC
Study (February), pp. 1-29. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Sudan.pdf.

Mahadevan, Prem. (2014) China in the Indian Ocean: Part of a Larger PLAN. Center for
Security Studies Analyses in Security Policy no. 156 (June). See at
http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-
studies/pdfs/CSSAnalyse156-EN.pdf.

Mahmoud, Yahia M. (2007) Chinese Development Assistance and West African

Agriculture: A Shifting Approach to Foreign Aid? Lund, Sweden: Lund University.

Mailey, J.R. (2015) The Anatomy of the Resource Curse: Predatory Investment in
Africa’s Extractive Industries, Africa Center for Strategic Studies special report no. 3
(May). See at http://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Africa-Center-Special-
Report-No.-3-EN.pdf.

Makwerere, David and Ronald Chipaike. (2012) “China and the United States of America
in Africa: A New Scramble or a New Cold War?” International Journal of Humanities
and Social Science, 2 (17), September, pp. 311-319. See at
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_17_September_2012/35.pdf.
 150

Makundi, Hezron, Huib Huyse, and Patrick Develtere. (2016) “Cooperation between
China and Tanzania on ICT: Fish, Fishing Tackle or Fishing Skills?” Journal of Chinese
Economic and Business Studies, 14 (2), pp. 129-149.

__________. (2017) “Negotiating the Technological Capacity in Chinese Engagements:

Is the Tanzanian Government in the Driving Seat?” South African Journal of
International Affairs 24 (3), pp. 331-353.

Makungu, Nuah M. (2015) “Impacts of Social Networks and Outcomes of the ‘Win-Win
Cooperation’ – The Case of Social Relations between Chinese and Congolese Workers in
an Infrastructure Project in Kinshasa (2008-2010),” Quarterly Journal of Chinese
Studies, 4 (1), pp. 18-31.

Malechwanzi, J. Muthiana, Hong Shen, and Caroline Mbeke. (2016) “Policies of Access
and Quality of Higher Education in China and Kenya: A Comparative Study,” Cogent
Education. See at
https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1201990.pdf.

Malemba N’Sakila, Gilbert. (2008) “The Chinese Presence in Lubumbashi, DRC,” The
China Monitor, issue 34 (October), pp. 7-10.

Mallol, Marc Casabayó. (2014) China in the African Ports: A String of Pearls in the
Making? MA thesis, Lund University. See at http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=8852087&fileOId=8852092.

Mallory, Grace Tabitha. (2013) “China’s Distant Water Fishing Industry: Evolving
Policies and Implications,” Marine Policy, 38 (c), pp. 99-108.

Malm, Johanna. (2016) “How Does China Challenge the IMF’s Power in Africa?” EBA
development dissertation brief no. 9. See at http://eba.se/wp-
content/uploads/2016/12/DDB_2016_9_Malm_webb.pdf.

Manckasa, Come. (1965) “Chinese Communist Penetration in Africa,” La Semaine

(translated from French), 14 (682), pp. 1 and 8. JPRS Translations on Africa, 32 (32647)
no. 279, pp. 1-9.

Mancuso, Salvatore. (2012) “China in Africa and the Law,” Annual Survey of
International & Comparative Law, 18 (1), pp. 243-261. See at
http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1162&context=annlsurvey.

Manji, Firoze. (2008) “China Still a Small Player in Africa,” Pambazuka News (27
March). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/46990.

__________ and Stephen Marks (eds.). (2007) African Perspectives on China in Africa.
Cape Town: Fahamu South Africa.
 151

Manrique Gil, Manuel. (2015) “Something New Out of Africa? Chinese, US and EU
Strategies for the Continent,” European Parliament Policy Department (April). See at
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2015/549031/EXPO_IDA(2015)5
49031_EN.pdf.

Manyeruke, Charity. (2006) “The Impact of Chinese Products on Zimbabwean Women,”

Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 22 (2), pp. 85-106.

__________. (2013) “A Reflection on China-Zimbabwe Relations: Investments and

Trade.” See at http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1647.

__________ and Fulton Mangwanya. (2014) “An Analysis of China-Zimbabwe Tobacco

Trade,” Global Review (summer). See at http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1708.

Manyok, Phillip. (2016) “Oil and Darfur’s Blood: China’s Thirst for Sudan’s Oil,”
Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs, 4 (1). See at
http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/oil-and-darfurs-blood-chinas-thirst-for-sudans-
oil-2332-0761-1000189.pdf.

Manyuchi, Albert Edgar. (2016) “Foreign Direct Investment and the Transfer of
Technologies to Angola’s Energy Sector,” Africa Spectrum, 51 (1), pp. 55-83. See at
https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/afsp/article/viewFile/922/929.

Mao Tse-Tung. (1960) “Chairman Mao Tse-Tung’s Important Talks with Guests from
Asia, Africa and Latin America,” Foreign Languages Press, Peking, pp. 1-10.

Mao Yufeng. (2007) “China’s Interests and Strategy in the Middle East and Arab World”
in China and the Developing World by Joshua Eisenman, Eric Heginbotham and Derek
Mitchell (eds.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 113-132.

Mapaure, Clever. (2014) “Chinese Investments in Zimbabwe and Namibia: A

Comparative Legal Analysis,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University
(September). See at http://www0.sun.ac.za/ccs/wp-
content/uploads/2014/10/CCS_PhanW_Clever_2014.pdf.

Marafa, Lawal Mohammed. (2009) “Africa’s Business and Development Relationship

with China: Seeking Moral and Capital Value of the Last Economic Frontier,” Nordiska
Afrikainstitutet Discussion Paper 44. See at www.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:272966/FULLTEXT02.

Marchal, Roland. (2006) “Chine-Afrique: Une Histoire Ancienne,” Africultures, no. 66

(January-February), pp. 23-31.

Marchand, Jean. (1964) “La Chine Populaire et l’Afrique Noire,” Revue de Défense
Nationale (October), pp. 1552-1566.
 152

Maree, Jacko. (2010) “The China-Africa Business Connection: An Interview with the
CEO of Standard Bank,” McKinsey Quarterly (June), pp. 1-6. See at
www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Africa/The_China-
Africa_business_connection_An_interview_with_the_CEO_of_Standard_Bank_2610.

Marfaing, Laurence and Alena Thiel. (2011) Chinese Commodity Imports in Ghana and
Senegal: Demystifying Chinese Business Strength in Urban West Africa. German
Institute of Global and Area Studies working paper no. 180. See at https://www.giga-
hamburg.de/en/system/files/publications/wp180_marfaing-thiel.pdf.

__________. (2013) “The Impact of Chinese Business on Market Entry in Ghana and
Senegal,” Africa, 83 (4), pp. 646-669.

__________. (2014) “Agents of Translation”: West African Entrepreneurs in China as

Vectors of Social Change. DFG working papers series no. 4. See at
http://www.spp1448.de/fileadmin/media/galleries/SPP_Administration/Working_Paper_S
eries/SPP1448_WP4_Marfaing-Thiel_final.pdf.

__________. (2015) “Networks, Spheres of Influence and the Mediation of Opportunity:

The Case of West African Trade Agents in China,” The Journal of Pan African Studies, 7
(10), May, pp. 65-84.

Mariani, Bernardo. (2011) “Starting to Build? China’s Role in UN Peacekeeping

Operations,” Saferworld, 10 October. See at www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Policy-
Briefs/Detail/?lng=en&id=135358.

Marklund, Klas and Karin Odqvist. (2008) “Perspectives on Africa Today: A Swedish-
Chinese-African Dialogue,” report on conference organized by The Institute for Security
and Development Policy and The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 14-15 February. See
at www.isdp.eu/files/publications/cr/08/Marklund0804.pdf.

Marks, Stephen. (2006) “China in Africa – the New Imperialism?” Asia Times Online.
See at http://forum.atimes.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=6154.

__________. (2008) “China and the Great Global Landgrab,” Pambazuka News (11
December). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/52635.

__________. (2008) “What Does China Think?” Pambazuka News (26 March). See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/46949.

__________. (2009) “China Sails into Uncharted Waters,” Pambazuka News (5 March).
See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/54578.
 153

__________. (2010) Strengthening the Civil Society Perspective: China’s African Impact.
Fahamu. See at
www.fahamu.org/downloads/strengthening_the_civil_society_perspective.pdf.

__________ and Sanusha Naidu. (2009) “Forging a New China-Africa Consensus?”

Pambazuka News (19 February). See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/54232.

Marsh, Jessica. (2015) “Supplying the World’s Factory: Environmental Impacts of

Chinese Resource Extraction in Africa,” Tulane Environmental Law Journal, 28 (2), pp.
393-407.

Marson, Harry C. (2008) “Wooing the Dark Continent: U.S. and China Engagement
Strategy in Africa, Is It Complimentary or Competition,” monograph prepared at U.S.
Army Command and General Staff College. See at www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?
AD=ADA485559&Location=UZ&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf.

Martelli, George A. and Richard V. Allen. (1966) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry and Southern
Africa,” in Sino-Soviet Rivalry: Implications for U.S. Policy by Clement J. Zablocki (ed.).
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, pp. 125-135.

Martinez, Rayna. (2015) Chinese Soft Power, Africa, and the United Nations General
Assembly. University of Nevada, Las Vegas MA thesis. See at
http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=3491&context=thesesdissertations.

Martins, Nuno Tavares. (2014) China’s Rhetoric and Soft Power towards the Portuguese-
Speaking Countries: The Case of Angola. MA thesis, University of Jyväskylä. See at
https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/bitstream/handle/123456789/44354/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-
201409302906.pdf?sequence=1.

Martins, Vasco. (2011) “Aid for Legitimacy: São Tomé and Principe Hand in Hand with
Taiwan,” Portuguese Institute of International Relations and Security Viewpoints, no. 36
(February), pp. 11-13.

__________. (2011) “Angola and China: Building Friendship through Infrastructure,”

Portuguese Institute of International Relations and Security Viewpoints, no. 59 (May),
pp. 11-13.

Marton, Péter and Tamás Matura. (2011) “The ‘Voracious Dragon’, the ‘Scramble’ and
the ‘Honey Pot’; Conceptions of Conflict over Africa’s Natural Resources,” Journal of
Contemporary African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 155-167.

Marysse, Stefaan and Sara Geenen. (2009) “Win-win or Unequal Exchange? The Case of
the Sino-Congolese Cooperation Agreements,” The Journal of Modern African Studies,
47 (3), 371-396.
 154

Masannat, George S. (1966) “Sino-Arab Relations,” Asian Survey, 6 (4), pp. 216-226.

Mason, Robert. (2017) “China’s Impact on the Landscape of African International

Relations: Implications for Dependency Theory,” Third World Quarterly, 38 (1), pp. 84-
96.

Mastroianni, Marissa A. (2015) “Growing Numbers of Chinese Bue Helmets: China’s

Changing Role within the Security Council,” Florida Journal of International Law, 27
(1), pp. 121-161.

Masud, Md. Matiul Hoque, et. al. (2013) “Politics of Economy: The Case of China’s
Involvement in Africa,” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (1), pp. 299-304.

Maswana, Jean-Claude. (2007) “China-Africa’s Emerging Economic Links: A Review

under the Core-Periphery Perspective,” paper presented at the Annual Conference of the
World Association for Political Economy, Shimane, Japan (27-28 October), pp. 1-18. See
at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5520/.

__________. (2009) “A Center-Periphery Perspective on Africa-China’s Emerging

Economic Links,” African and Asian Studies, 8 (1-2), 67-88.

__________. (2009) “Can China Trigger Economic Growth in Africa?” Chinese

Economy, 42 (2), pp. 91-105.

Matahwa, Obert. (2007) “China and Zimbabwe: Is There a Future?” Africa Files, no. 4
(November). See at www.africafiles.org/printableversion.asp?id=16426.

Matambo, Emmanuel. (2014) The Evolution of China-South Africa Relations: A

Constructivist Interpretation. MA thesis, University of Kwazulu-Natal. See at
https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/12037/Matambo_Emmanuel_20
14.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Mathew, Gervase. (1956) “Chinese Porcelain in East Africa and on the Coast of South
Arabia,” Oriental Art, 2 (2), pp. 50-55.

Mathews, Gordon. (2015) “African Logistics Agents and Middlemen as Cultural Brokers
in Guangzhou,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44 (4), pp. 117-144.

__________. (2015) “Africans in Guangzhou,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44

(4), pp. 7-15.

__________, Linessa Dan Lin and Yang Yang. (2017) The World in Guangzhou: Africans
and Other Foreigners in South China’s Global Marketplace. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press.
 155

Mathews, K. (2011-2012) “Emerging Powers in Africa: An Overview,” Indian Journal of

African Affairs, 51 (3/4), pp. 18-27.

Mathur, Girish. (1978) China in Africa. New Delhi: Kalamkar Prakashan Ltd.

Matingwina, Simon. (2016) “China’s Public Diplomacy in Zimbabwe: Perceptions,

Opportunities and Challenges,” The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 96-125.

Matunhu, Jephias. (2014) China’s Foreign Policy in the New Scramble for Africa.
Farafina Institute discussion paper no. 4 (January). See at http://www.farafina-
institute.org/attachments/article/130/China%E2%80%99s%20Foreign%20Policy%20in
%20the%20Ne%20w%20Scramble%20for%20Africa%20Jephias.pdf.

Maunganidze, Golden, Innocent F. Chiyadzwa, and David Tobias. (2013) “Reflections

on Emerging Horse and Rider Relationship: Media Relations between Zimbabwe and
China,” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 16 (6) November/December, pp.
72-78. See at http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol16-issue6/L01667278.pdf?
id=8289.

Maurin, Cristelle. (2013) Strategic Partnerships and Sustainable Investments: How Can
China Support the African Mining Vision? Centre for Chinese Studies policy briefing,
Stellenbosch University (May). See at http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2013/05/CCS_PB_Strategic_Partnership_Cristelle_2013_FINAL.pdf.

Mawdsley, Emma. (2007) “China and Africa: Emerging Challenges to the Geographies of
Power,” Geography Compass, 1 (3), pp. 405-421.

__________. (2008) “Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent?

Representing China, Africa and the West in British Broadsheet Newspapers,” Political
Geography, 27 (5), pp. 509-29.

Mayall, James. (1977) “Soviet and Chinese Policies in Africa,” International Affairs
Bulletin, 1 (1), pp. 1-13.

Mazrui, Ali. (1973) “The Yellow Man’s Burden? Race and Revolution in Sino-African
Relations,” in China and the World Community by Ian Wilson (ed.). Sydney: Angus and
Robertson, pp. 152-178.

__________ and Rovan Locke. (1976-1977) “The Chinese Model and the Soviet Model
in Eastern and Southern Africa: Strategies of Liberation and Development,” Asian
Forum, 9 (1), pp. 1-15.

Mbabia, Olivier. (2012) La Chine en Afrique: Histoire, Géopolitique, Géoéconomie.

Paris: Ellipses.
 156

__________ and François Wassouni. (2016) La Présence Chinoise en Afrique

Francophone. L’Haÿ-les-Roses: Monde Global Éditions.

Mbachu, Dulue. (2006) “Nigerian Resources: Changing the Playing Field,” South African
Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 77-82.

Mbatu, Richard S. and Kefa M. Otiso. (2012) “Chinese Economic Expansionism in

Africa: A Theoretical Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the
Forest Sector of Cameroon,” African Geographical Review, 31 (2), pp. 142-162.

Mbega, Daniel. (2014) “A Railway Line in the South: 40 Years after TAZARA,”
Pambazuka News, issue 663 (29 January). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/90347.

__________. (2014) “Tanzania becoming the New Chinese Province in Africa,”

Pambazuka News, issue 663 (29 January). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/90344.

Mboya, Clifford Ochieng. (2015) Chinese Print Media’s Portrayal of China in Africa: A
Case of China Daily Africa. MA thesis, University of Nairobi. See at
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/93230/Mboya_Chinese%20Print
%20Media%20s%20Portrayal%20of%20China%20in%20Africaa%20Case%20of
%20China%20Daily%20Africa.pdf?sequence=3.

McCormick, Dorothy. (2006) “China, India, and African Manufacturing: Framework for
Understanding the Impact of Aid and Migration,” paper prepared for African Economic
Research Consortium workshop on the impact of China and India on Sub-Saharan Africa
in Addis Ababa on 9-10 October, pp. 1-23.

__________. “China and India as Africa’s New Donors: The Impact of Aid on
Development,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 73-92.

McCrum, Philip. (2010). “China and the Arabian Sea,” Middle East Report, 40 (256), pp.
24-27.

McDevitt, Michael. (2016) China’s Far Seas’s Navy: The Implications of the “Open Seas
Protection” Mission. A paper prepared for the “China as a Maritime Power” Conference
in Arlington, VA. CNA. See at https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/China-Far-Seas-
Navy.pdf.

McDonald, Matthew. (2012) “After FOCAC: Have China-Africa Relations Turned a

Corner, or Was FOCAC V Simply More of the Same?” The China Monitor, Special July
Edition, pp. 4-9.

McDonald, Lawrence P. (1977) “China and Africa,” in Sino-Soviet Intervention in Africa

by Roger Pearson (ed.). Washington: Council on American Affairs, pp. 80-89.
 157

McFarland, Sherri. (2010) “Africa in Retrospect: Russian, Iran and Chinese Arms
Supplies to Sudan,” African and Asian Studies, 9 (4), pp. 462-480.

McGregor, Andrew. (2007) “China’s Oil Offensive Strikes: Horn of Africa and Beyond,”
China Brief, 7 (16), pp. 6-8.

__________. (2007) “Mining for Energy: China’s Relations with Niger,” China Brief, 7
(18), pp. 8-9.

McKay, John. (2010) “The Asian ‘Miracle’ after the Global Financial Crisis: Some
Lessons for Africa – A Retrospective Analysis and Critical Evaluation of the Asian Model
of Development,” Brenthurst Foundation discussion paper. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commissioned_Reports/BD1007-
Asian-miracle.pdf.

McKinnon, Ronald I. (2010) “China in Africa: The Washington Consensus versus the
Beijing Consensus,” International Finance, 13 (3), pp. 495-506.

McLaughlin, Megan M., Margaret C. Lee, Brian J. Hall, Marc Bulterys, Li Ling, and
Joseph D. Tucker. (2014) “Improving Health Services for African Migrants in China: A
Health Diplomacy Perspective,” Glob Public Health, 9 (5), pp. 579-589. See at
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089857/.

McMurray, Claudia A. and Bo Derek. (2008) “Wildlife Trafficking Issues,” 9 June

remarks in Washington by the Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International
Environmental and Scientific Affairs and the Special Envoy of the Secretary of State for
Wildlife Trafficking Issues. See at www.state.gov/g/oes/rls/rm/105767.htm.

McNamee, Terence. (2012) Africa in Their Words: A Study of Chinese Traders in South
Africa, Lesotho, Botswana, Zambia and Angola, The Brenthurst Foundation Discussion
Paper 2012/03. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/files/brenthurst_commisioned_reports/Brenthurst-
paper-201203-Africa-in-their-Words-A-Study-of-Chinese-Traders.pdf.

McVadon, Eric. (2007) “China and the United States on the High Seas,” China Security,
3 (4), pp. 3-28.

Medeiros, Evan S. (2007) “China’s International Behavior: Activism, Opportunism, and

Diversification,” Joint Force Quarterly, issue 47 (4th quarter), pp. 34-41. See at
www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/jfq-pages/editions/i47/8.pdf.

__________ and M. Taylor Fravel. (2003) “China’s New Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs, 82
(6), pp. 22-35.
 158

Medzini, Meron. (1963) “Chinese Penetration in the Middle East,” New Outlook (Tel
Aviv), 6 (9), pp. 16-28.

Mei Xin-lin. (2007) “Road of China-Africa Educational Cooperation and Exchange with
Its Own Characteristics,” US-China Education Review, 4 (3), pp 8-12. See at
www.teacher.org.cn/doc/ucedu20070302.pdf.

Mei Zhaorong. (2006) “China’s Diplomacy and the Shaping of International Order,”
Foreign Affairs Journal, issue 82 (winter), pp. 49-55.

Meicen Sun. (2016) “A Bigger Bang for a Bigger Buck: What China’s Changing Attitude
Toward UN Peacekeeping Says About Its Evolving Approach to International
Institutions” Foreign Policy Analysis. See at
https://academic.oup.com/fpa/article/doi/10.1093/fpa/orw056/2726545/A-Bigger-Bang-
for-a-Bigger-Buck-What-Chinas?guestAccessKey=f7559b23-4d76-4a66-90c0-
616cc011d16a.

Meidan, Michal. (2006) “China’s Africa Policy: Business Now, Politics Later,” Asian
Perspective, 30 (4), pp. 69-93.

Melaku Mulualem. (2017) “The OBOR: What Is in There for Africa?” Discourse, 1 (1),
January/March, pp. 135-141.

Melber, Henning. (2013) Europe and China in Africa: Common Interests and/or
Different Approaches? Stockholm: Institute for Security and Development Policy. See at
http://isdp.eu/content/uploads/images/stories/isdp-main-pdf/2013-melber-europe-and-
china-in-africa.pdf.

Melber, Henning. (2013) “Reviewing China and Africa: Old Interests, New Trends – Or
New Interests, Old Trends?” Development Southern Africa, 30 (4/5), pp. 437-450.

Melville, Chris and Olly Owen. (2005) “China and Africa: A New Era of ‘South-South
Cooperation’,” Open Democracy. See at www.opendemocracy.net/node/2658/print.

Men, Tanny. (2014) “Place-based and Place-bound Realities: A Chinese Firm’s

Embeddedness in Tanzania,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43 (1), pp. 103-138.

Menell, Natasha. (2010) “China and Africa: The New Neocolonialism?” Focus, issue 58
(September), pp. 55-60.

Meng-Suan, Yao. (1978) “Peiping in Africa: A Maneuver to Achieve Dual Purposes under
Anti-Russian Slogan,” Asian Outlook (Taipei), 13 (7), pp. 23-27.

Menghua Zeng. (1999) “An Interactive Perspective of Chinese Aid Policy: A Case Study
of Chinese Aid to Tanzania.” PhD diss., University of Florida.
 159

Mensah, Chaldeans. (2010) “China’s Foray into Africa: Ideational Underpinnings and
Geoeconomic Interests,” African Journal of Political Science and International
Relations, 4 (3), pp. 96-108. See at
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/C4C3C1C40685.

Mertens, Pierre and Paul-F. Smets. (1966) L’Afrique de Pékin. Bruxelles: L’Imprimerie
Amibel.

Meservey, Joshua. (2018) “China in Africa: The New Colonialism?” Testimoy before the
Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International
Organizations, US House of Representatives (March 7). See at
https://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA16/20180307/106963/HHRG-115-FA16-Wstate-
MeserveyJ-20180307.pdf.

Metrowich, F.R. (1967) Africa and Communism. Johannesburg: Voortrekkerpers. See at

www.rhodesia.nl/Africa%20and%20Communism.pdf.

Metz, Thaddeus. (2015) “Values in China as Compared to Africa,” in The Rise and
Decline and Rise of China: Searching for an Organising Philosophy ed. by Hester du
Plessis. Johannesburg: Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection, pp. 75-116.

Metzler, John J. (1978) “Peiping in Africa: Prospects and Portents for Communist
China’s Role in the Subsaharan Zone,” Issues and Studies, 14 (8), pp. 72-84.

Meurer, Gerd. (1975) “A Hopeful Future for the Tanzam Railway,” Swiss Review of
World Affairs, 25 (7), pp. 19-20.

Meyer, Riaan and Chris Alden. (2008) “Banking on Africa: Chinese Financial Institutions
and Africa,” SAIIA China in Africa Policy Report no. 5. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_05_meyer_alden_200806.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Banking on Africa: Chinese Financial Institutions and Africa,”

SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 14 (December), pp. 1-17. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_14_meyer_alden_200
81201.pdf.

Meyer, Riaan, Abiodun Alao, Chris Alden and Ana Cristina Alves. (2011) “Chinese
Financial Institutions and Africa,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 103 (November), pp. 1-
43. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100_saia_sop_103_mey
er_alao_alden_alves_211111116.pdf.

Meyersson, Erik, Gerard Padró I Miquel and Nancy Qian. (2008) “The Rise of China and
the Natural Resource Curse in Africa,” unpublished paper. See at
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMACRO/Resources/June5&62008MGConference
PAPERQIAN.pdf.
 160

Michael, Mashingaidze Andrew. (2016) China’s Changing Foreign Policy towards Africa:
A Critical Assesssment of the Possible Implications, The Case of Zimbabwe. MA thesis,
University of the Witwatersrand. See at
http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/21963/Dissertation%20Final.pdf?
sequence=2&isAllowed=y.

Michel, Serge. (2008) “When China Met Africa,” Foreign Policy, no. 166 (May/June),
pp. 39-46.

__________ and Michel Beuret. (2008) La Chinafrique: Pékin à la Conquête du

Continent Noir. Paris: Bernard Grasset.

__________. (2009) China Safari: On the Trail of Beijing’s Expansion in Africa. New
York: Nation Books.

Mills, Greg and Chris Thompson. (2008) “Partners or Predators? China in Africa,” China
Brief, 8 (2), pp. 7-10.

__________ and Natasha Skidmore (eds.). (2004) Towards China Inc? Assessing the
Implications for Africa. Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs.

Milosevic, Zarko. (1970) “African Countries and People’s Republic of China,” Review of
International Affairs (February 20), pp. 16-18.

Min Zhou, Tao Xu, and Shabnam Shenasi. (2015) “Entrepreneurship and Interracial
Dynamics: A Case Study of Self-Employed Africans and Chinese in Guangzhou, China,”
UCLA International Institute (1 October), pp. 1-18. See at:
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ts2f7rn.

Min Zhou, Shabnam Shenasi, and Tao Xu. (2016) “Chinese Attitudes toward African
Migrants in Guangzhou, China,” International Journal of Sociology, 46 (2), pp. 141-161.

Min Zhou, Tao Xu, and Shabnam Shenasi. (2016) “Entrepreneurship and Interracial
Dynamics: A Case Study of Self-employed Africans and Chinese in Guangzhou, China,”
Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39 (9), pp. 1566-1586.

Ming Wang. (2012) “Empirical Study on African Energy Resources and China’s Outflow
Foreign Direct Investment 2002-2007,” Journal of International Business Research, 11
(1), pp. 19-27.

Mingjiang Li. (2008) “China’s Domestic Politics and Its Africa Policy,” African Security
Review, 17 (1), pp. 124-130.

__________. (2009) “China’s Gulf of Aden Expedition and Maritime Cooperation in East
Asia,” China Brief, 9 (1), pp. 5-8.
 161

Minot-Scheuermann, Matthew G. (2016) “Chinese Anti-Piracy and the Global Maritime

Commons,” The Diplomat (February 25). See at http://thediplomat.com/2016/02/chinas-
anti-piracy-mission-and-the-global-maritime-commons/.

Minson, Adam. (2008) “China’s Preferential Trade Policy for Africa,” SAIIA China in
Africa Project, no. 1 (February). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_brf_01_minson_200802.pdf.

Mlambo, Courage, Audrey Kushamba, and More Blessing Simawu. (2016) “China-Africa
Relations: What Lies Beneath?” The Chinese Economy, 49 (4), pp. 257-276.

Moahi, Kgomotso. (2015) “An Analysis of Botswana-China Relations in the Botswana

Print Media,” Botswana Journal of African Studies, 29 (1), pp. 61-75. See at
http://ubrisa.ub.bw/bitstream/handle/10311/1523/469-1903-1-PB.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Modi, Renu. (2007) “China’s Strategic Engagement with Africa,” Africa Quarterly, 46
(4), pp. 38-43.

__________ and Seema Shekhawat. (2009) “Indian and Chinese Investment in Africa,”
Pambazuka News, Issue 456 (5 November). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/60030.

Mohan, Giles. (2007) “China and Africa: Human Rights Implications,” unpublished
paper presented at UK Open University (7 December). See at
www.geography.dur.ac.uk/projects/china-africa/Publications/tabid/2600/Default.aspx.

Mohan, Giles. (2013) “Beyond the Enclave: Towards a Critical Political Economy of
China and Africa,” Development and Change 44 (8) November, pp. 1255-1272.

__________ and Dinar Kale. (2007) “The Invisible Hand of South-South Globalisation:
Chinese Migrants in Africa,” a report for the Rockefeller Foundation prepared by the
Development Policy and Practice Department of the Open University, pp. 1-25. See at
http://asiandrivers.open.ac.uk/documents/Rockefeller%20Report%20on%20Chinese
%20diasporas%2010th%20Oct%20_3_.pdf.

__________ and Marcus Power. (2008) “New African Choices? The Politics of Chinese
Engagement,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 23-42.

__________. (2009) “Africa, China and the ‘New’ Economic Geography of

Development,” Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 30 (1), pp. 24-28.
 162

__________ and May Tan-Mullins. (2009) “Chinese Migrants in Africa as New Agents of
Development? An Analytical Framework,” European Journal of Development Research,
21 (4), pp. 588-605.

__________ and Ben Lampert. (2012) “Negotiating China: Reinserting African Agency
into China-Africa Relations,” African Affairs, 112 (446), pp. 92-110.

__________, Ben Lampert, May Tan-Mullins, and Daphne Chang. (2014) Chinese
Migrants and Africa’s Development: New Imperialists or Agents of Change? London:
Zed Books.

Møller, Kristina. (2012) “The Role Kenya’s Civil Society Can Play in Ensuring a
Mutually Beneficial Sino-Kenya Engagement,” POLIS Journal, 7 (Summer), pp. 242-
282. See at http://www.polis.leeds.ac.uk/assets/files/students/student-journal/ug-summer-
12/kristina-m%C3%B8ller.pdf.

Molnar, Thomas. (1965) “Red China in Africa,” pamphlet published by the American-
African Affairs Association, Inc., pp. 1-16.

Monson, Jamie. (2006) “Defending the People’s Railway in the Era of Liberalization:
TAZARA in Southern Tanzania,” Africa, 76 (1), pp. 113-130.

__________. (2009) Africa’s Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project

Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

__________. (2013) “Historicizing Difference: Construction of Race Identity in China-

Africa Relations,” SSRC, paper given at Yale University. See at http://china-
africa.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Monson-Final.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Remembering Work on the Tazara Railway in Africa and China,
1965-2011: When ‘New Men’ Grow Old,” African Studies Review, 56 (1), pp. 45-64.

__________ and Stephanie Rupp. (2013) “Africa and China: New Engagements, New
Research,” African Studies Review, 56 (1), pp. 21-44.

Montinari, Letizia and Giorgio Prodi. (2011) “China’s Impact on Intra-African Trade,”
Chinese Economy, 44 (4), pp. 75-91.

Moody, Sanders. (2011) “China in Sub-Saharan Africa: Demand Extracting Supply,”

International Affairs Review, 20 (1), web edition. See at www.iar-gwu.org/node/334.

Moore, Jack. (2012) “China’s Growing Role in Counter-Piracy Operations,” The Atlantic
Council of Canada (11 September). See at www.atlantic-council.ca/portfolio/chinas-
gowing-role-in-counter-piracy-operations/.
 163

Morake, None L., Victor Ojakorotu, and Choja Oduaran. (2016) “Sino-African Relations:
An Analytical Overview of China’s Natural Resources Policy in the Democratic Republic
of Congo (DRC),” Journal of Social Sciences 49 (3-1), pp. 224-232.

Moran, Theodore H. (2010) China’s Strategy to Secure Natural Resources: Risks,

Dangers, and Opportunities. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Morapedi, Wazha G. and Boga T. Manatsha. (2015) “Prospects and Challenges for China-
Africa Agricultural Cooperation: The Case of Botswana,” PULA: Botswana Journal of
African Studies, 29 (1), pp. 18-30.

Morgan, Matthew. (2008) “China-Africa When the Going Gets Tough,” African Business,
issue 346 (October), pp. 60-62.

Moreira, Susana. (2013) “Learning from Failure: China’s Overseas Oil Investments,”
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 42 (1), pp. 131-165.

Mori, Marisa. (2018) China’s New Absence from UN Peacekeeping: Economic Interests
and Prestige in Mali and the Central African Republic. MA thesis, Universiteit Leiden.
See at https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/58491/Mori%2C
%20Marisa-s1865315-MA%20Thesis%20POWE-2018.pdf?sequence=1.

Morison, David. (1964) “China and Africa,” The World Today (November), pp. 457-461.

__________. (1964) “China and Africa,” The Mizan Newsletter, vol. 6, no. 9 (October),
15-19.

__________. (2012) “China, Sudan and South Sudan Relations,” Global Review (winter),
pp. 23-26.

Moro, Leben Nelson. (2017) “South Sudan’s Oil and International Engagement,” in The
Horn of Africa since the 1960s: Local and International Politics Intertwined, Aleksi
Ylönen and Jan Záhorík (eds.). London: Routledge, pp. 205-219.

Morris, Mike. (2006) “China’s Dominance of Global Clothing and Textiles: Is

Preferential Trade Access an Answer for Sub-Saharan Africa?” Institute of Development
Studies Bulletin, 37 (1), pp. 89-97.

__________ and Gill Einhorn. (2008) “Globalisation, Welfare and Competitiveness: The
Impacts of Chinese Imports on the South African Clothing and Textile Industry,”
Competition & Change, 12 (4), December, pp. 355-376.

Morrison, J. Stephen. (2007) “H.R. 180, Darfur Accountability and Divestment Act of
2007,” Testimony before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary
Policy, Trade, and Technology, Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of
Representatives, 20 March 2007, pp. 1-5.
 164

Morrissey, Oliver and Evious Zgovu. (2011) The Impact of China and India on Sub-
Saharan Africa. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.

Moshi, H.P.B. (2008) “Scoping Studies on China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case
of Tanzania,” AERC Study (March). Pp. 1-24. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Tanzania-China.pdf.

Moss, Beverly C. (2015) The Impact of China on Social and Economic Development in
Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Study of Kenya. MA thesis. University of Nairobi. See at
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/93002/Moss,%20Beverly
%20C_The%20impact%20of%20china%20on%20social%20and%20economic
%20development%20in%20sub-saharan%20africa,%20%20the%20case%20study%20of
%20Kenya.pdf?sequence=3.

Moss, Todd and Sarah Rose. (2006) “China Exim Bank and Africa: New Lending, New
Challenges,” Center for Global Development Notes (November). See at
www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11116/.

Mothe, Stephan and Frances Pontemayor. (2016) “The Complementarities of Chinese and
Western Development Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa,” African Review of Economics
and Finance, 8 (1), pp. 78-105.

Moumouni, Guillaume. (2014) “China and Liberia: Engagement in a Post-Conflict

Country 2003-2013,” SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 182 (April), pp. 1-23. See at
https://www.saiia.org.za/occasional-papers/509-china-and-liberia-engagement-in-a-post-
conflict-country-2003-2013/file.

Moyo, Sam. (2016) “Perspectives on South-South Relations: China’s Presence in Africa,”

Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 17 (1), pp. 58-67. See at
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14649373.2016.1138615?src=recsys.

Mthembu, Philani. (2018) China and India’s Development Cooperation in Africa. Cham,
Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Mthembu, Philani and Faith Mabera (eds.). (2017) “China-Africa: High Time for a
Common Integrated African Policy on China,” Proceedings of a symposium held by the
Institute for Global Dialogue and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung on 20 July 2017 in
Johannesburg. See at http://www.fes-southafrica.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Africa-
China_symposium_report_20th_July.pdf.

Mthembu-Salter, Gregory. (2008) “Price Power: China’s Role in the Telecommunications

Sector of the Democratic Republic of Congo,” SAIIA China in Africa Policy Report no.
6. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap_rep_06_mthembu_salter_200807.pdf.
 165

__________. (2009) “China’s Engagement with the Nigerian Oil Sector,” SAIIA Policy
Briefing 11 (November), pp. 1-4. See at
www.saiia.org/za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_11_mthembu_salter_20091130.
pdf.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Investment in African Free Trade Zones: Lessons from
Nigeria’s Experience,” SAIIA Policy Briefing 10 (November), pp. 1-4. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_10_mthembu_salter_20091130.
pdf.

__________. (2009) “Elephants, Ants and Superpowers: Nigeria’s Relations with China,”
SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 42 (September), pp. 1-32. See at
www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/Nigeria_s_Relations_with_China.pdf.

__________. (2011) “The Evolving Nature of Chinese Telecommunications Investment

in the DRC,” SAIIA Policy Briefing no. 39 (November), pp. 1-4. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/briefings/saia_spb_39_mthembu-
salter_20111111.pdf.

__________. (2012) “Goodwill and Hard Bargains: The DRC, China and India,” SAIIA
Occasional Paper no. 114 (March), pp. 1-29. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_114_mthe
mbu_salter_20120328.pdf.

Mubita, Mubita Oliver. (2013) Increased Economic Relations Between China and Zambia
in the Last Decade: Implications on Zambia’s Existing Bilateral Relations with the United
States, MA thesis, Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. See at
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?
verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA599128.

Muchapondwa, Edwin, Daniel Nielson, Bradley Parks, Austin M. Strange, and Michael J.
Tierney. (2014) “‘Ground-truthing’ Chinese Development Finance in Africa: Field
Evidence from South Africa and Uganda,” World Institute for Development Economics
Research Working Paper 2014/031 (January). See at
http://china.aiddata.org/ground_truthing.

Muchena, D.T. (2006) “The China Factor in Southern Africa: New Partner or Patron?”
Openspace, 1 (4), pp. 22-26. See at
www.osisa.org/files/openspace/1_4_p22_deprose_muchena.pdf.

Mudavanhu, Shingairai Belinda. (2014) “A Critical

Analysis of Whether Zimbabwe Can Achi eve Economic Development Through Its ‘Look
East Policy’,” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 8 (8), pp.
280-287. See at http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-
text/7FA65F347804.
 166

Mufema, E. (2006) “China-Southern Africa Relations: New Imperialism of Salvation?”

Chiedza, 9 (2), pp. 68-78.

Muekalia, Domingos Jardo. (2004) “Africa and China’s Strategic Partnership,” African
Security Review, 13 (1), pp. 5-11.

Mugendi, Florence Karimi. (2011) Kenya-Sino Economic Relations: The Impact of

Chinese Investment in Kenya’s Transport Sector. MA thesis, University of Nairobi. See
at http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/3277/Mugendi_Kenya-sino
%20Economic%20Relations.pdf;sequence=1.

Muhammad, Murtala, Mansur Ibrahim Mukhtar and Gold Kafilah Lola. (2017) “The
Impact of Chinese Textile Imperialism on Nigeria’s Textile Industry and Trade: 1960-
2015,” Review of African Political Economy, 44 (154), pp. 673-682.

Mukwereza, Langton. (2013) “Chinese and Brazilian Cooperation with African

Agriculture: The Case of Zimbabwe,” China and Brazil in African Agriculture Working
Paper 048, Future Agricultures. See at www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/7817-
china-and-brazil-in-africa-new-papers.

__________. (2013) “Reviving Zimbabwe’s Agriculture: The Role of China and Brazil,”
IDS Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 116-126.

__________. (2015) “Situating Tian Ze’s Role in Reviving Zimbabwe’s Flue-Cured

Tobacco Sector in the Wider Discourse on Zimbabwe-China Cooperation: Will the
Scorecard remain Win-Win?” Future Agricultures working paper no. 115 (February).

Mulati, Lilian Tunai. (2016) Human Rights in the Reconfiguration of Aid Relations: The
Case of China-Kenya Relations. MA thesis, Kenyatta University. See at http://ir-
library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/10898/Human%20rights%20in%20the
%20reconfiguration.......pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.

Mulinda, Charles Kabwete. (2015) “On Cultural and Academic Exchanges between
China and African Countries,” International Journal of Asian Social Science, 5 (4), pp.
245-256.

Müller, Kurt. (1964) The Foreign Aid Programs of the Soviet Bloc and Communist
China: An Analysis. New York: Walker and Company.

Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe and Liu Hongwu (eds). (2013) China-Africa Relations:
Governance, Peace and Security. Addis Ababa: Institute for Peace and Security Studies,
Addis Ababa University and Institute for African Studies, Zhejiang Normal University.
See at http://dspace.africaportal.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/34031/1/China%20Africa
%20book%20(3).pdf?1.
 167

Mumuni, Sigli M. (2017) “China’s Non-intervention Policy in Africa: Principle versus

Pragmatism,” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 11 (9)
September, pp. 258-273. See at
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/335D4CC65846.

Muna, Wilson and Wendy Ouma (eds.). (2016) The Rise of China and the Future of
Africa: Win-Win or No Deal? A report of roundtable discussion on 14 March 2016 at the
Africa Policy Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. See at http://africapi.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/05/Roundtable_China-fin2.pdf.

Munalula, Mulonda and Kaliba Matildah. (2016) “Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in
Africa’s Natural Resources and the Impacts on Local Communities (A Focus on
Extractive Industries): Review of Literature," World Journal of Social Sciences and
Humanities 2 (3), pp. 102-108. See at http://pubs.sciepub.com/wjssh/2/3/3/.

Munemo, Jonathan. (2013) “Trade between China and South Africa: Prospects of a
Successful SACU-China Free Trade Agreement,” African Development Review 25 (3)
September, pp. 303-329.

Munro-Hay, Stuart. (2003) “Ancient Relations between China and the Horn,” in
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 714-715.

Munyi, Elijah Nyaga. (2011) “Embracing the Dragon: African Policy Responses for
Engaging China and Enhancing Regional Integration,” Centre for Chinese Studies
Discussion Paper, Stellenbosch University (September). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2011/09/CCS-Discussion-Paper-2.pdf.

Muriithi, Samuel Muiruri. (2017) “The Chinese-African Management and Cultural

Relevancy, Challenges and Future of Chinese Businesses in Africa,” European Journal of
Research and Reflection in Management Sciences, 5 (2). See at
http://www.idpublications.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Full-Paper-THE-CHINESE-
AFRICAN-MANAGEMENT-AND-CULTURAL-RELEVANCY-CHALLENGES-AND-
THE-FUTURE.pdf.

Musanga, Terrence. (2017) “Perspectives of Zimbabwe-China Relations in Wallace

Chirumiko’s ‘Made in China’ (2012) and NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names
(2013),” Journal of African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 81-95.

Muslim, Khan M. (2012) “China-Africa Relations in the Era of Globalisation,”

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2 (3), pp. 199-218.

Mutale, Chanda. (2015) Chinese Investments in Africa’s SME Sector: A Case Study of
Zambia. MA thesis, Lund University. See at http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=7868680&fileOId=7868711.
 168

Mutambara, Tsitsi Effie. (2017) “How Has Trade between South Africa and China
Evolved Over the Past Decade,” Transnational Corporations Review 9 (2), pp. 97-111.

Mutsvangwa, Christopher. (2006) “Cooperation without Intervention,” Beijing Review,

49 (8), pp. 14-15.

Mutta, Diana Kagemulo. (2015) A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the Sino-Tanzanian

Investment Framework. MA dissertation. University of Pretoria. See at
https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53168/Mutta_Multidisciplinary_2016.p
df?sequence=1.

Mutukwa, Kasuka S. (1972) “Imperial Dream becomes Pan-African Reality,” Africa

Report, 17 (1), pp. 10-15.

__________. (1977) Politics of the Tanzania-Zambia Railproject: A Study of Tanzania-

China-Zambia Relations. Washington: University Press of America.

Mvutungayi, Trust. (2010) China in Zimbabwe: Exploring the Political and Economic
Impacts of Chinese Engagement in the Zimbabwean Crises. MA thesis, University of the
Witwatersrand. See at http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/8909/MA
%20Research%20Report%20for%20T.%20Mvutungayi.pdf?sequence=2.

Mwanawina, Inyambo. (2008) “China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case of Zambia,”

a study commissioned by the African Economic Research Consortium (4 February). See
at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Zambia.pdf.

Mwangi, Daniel Maina. (2011) Competitiveness between Local, EU and Chinese Firms
in Kenya. MS thesis, Copenhagen Business School. See at
http://studenttheses.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10417/3104/daniel_maina_mwangi.pdf?
sequence=1.

Mwase, Ngila. (1983) “The Tanzania-Zambia Railway: The Chinese Loan and the Pre-
Investment Analysis Revisited,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 21 (3), pp. 535-
543.

Mwatela, Raphael Ziro and Zhao Changfeng. (2016) “Africa in China’s ‘One Belt, One
Road’ Initiative: A Critical Analysis,” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21
(2) December, pp. 10-21. See at http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol.
%2021%20Issue12/Version-1/B2112011021.pdf.

Mwega, Francis M. (2006) “China, India and Africa: Prospects and Challenges,” revised
paper presented originally at the AERC-AFDC International Conference on Accelerating
Africa’s Development in Tunis, 22-24 November, pp. 1-22. See at
www.gdnet.org/pdf2/gdn_library/annual_conferences/Eighth_annual_conference/Mwega
_paper_parallel3.3.pdf.
 169

__________. (2007) “The Impact of China and India on Sub-Saharan Africa,” The
African Economic Research Consortium Research News, no. 10 (November), pp. 20-25.

Mwombela, Stephen. (2015) Chinese Engagement in Tanzania: Is It Considered Positive

or Negative by Tanzanians? Dar es Salaam: AfroBarometer. See at
http://www.repoa.or.tz/images/uploads/TAN_R6_dissemination_2_Chinese_Engagement
_25Feb2015.pdf.

Nabine, Djeri-wake. (2009) “The Impact of Chinese Investment and Trade on Nigeria
Economic Growth,” Economic Commission for Africa, African Trade Policy Centre no.
77. See at http://www1.uneca.org/Portals/atpc/CrossArticle/1/WorkinProgress/77.pdf.

Nadingar, Ndjedanem Demtade. (2010) “Relationship between Chad and China,” New
York Science Journal 3 (9), pp. 50-54. See at
http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork/ny0309/08_3302ny0309_50_54.pdf.

Nagao, Haruka. (2016) China’s Soft Power Investment in African Nations. MA thesis,
University of Kansas. See at
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/21880/Nagao_ku_0099M_14594_
DATA_1.pdf?sequence=1.

Naidu, Sanusha. (2006) “South Africa’s Relations with the People’s Republic of China:
Mutual Opportunities or Hidden Threats?” in State of the Nation South Africa 2005-2006
by Sakhela Buhlungu, John Daniel, Roger Southall and Jessica Lutchman (eds.). Pretoria:
HSRC Press.

__________. (2007) “China and Africa’s Natural Resource Sector: A View from South
Africa,” Online Africa Policy Forum (26 April). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?
p=33.

__________. (2007) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC): What Does

the Future Hold?” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 283-296.

__________. (2009) “Beijing Reaffirms its African Agenda,” Pambazuka News (22
January). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53461/print.

__________. (2009) “Consolidating a ‘Look East’ Policy under President Zuma?”

Pambazuka News (21 May). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/56433.

__________, Lucy Corkin and Hayley Herman. (2009) “China’s (Re)-Emerging

Relations with Africa: Forging a New Consensus?” Politikon, 36 (1), pp. 87-115.

__________ and Johanna Jansson. (2009) “Africa’s Engagement with China:

Perpetuating the Class Project?” in Globalization and Emerging Societies: Development
 170

and Inequality by Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Boike Rehbein (eds.). Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

__________ and Martyn Davies. (2006) “China Fuels Its Future with Africa’s Riches,”
South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (2), pp. 69-83.

Nal, Abdelrasaq. (2015) “China and Sub-Saharan Africa’s Economic Development: A

Multipolar Specification,” Technology and Investment, 6, pp. 132-139. See at
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/TI_2015082708401810.pdf.

Nallet, Clélie. (2017) “Africa on the Margins of OBOR?” in Three Years of China’s New
Silk Roads. Institut Francais des Relations Internationales (February), pp. 61-70. See at
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ekman_et_al_china_new_silk_roads_2
017.pdf.

Nanda, Kamakshi. (2012) “New ‘Friends’ of Rwanda – Chinese Noodles and Indian
Curry: An Analysis of Asian Giants’ Forays into Rwanda in the Light of Theories on
OFDI,” in Rwanda Fast Forward: Social, Economic, Military and Reconciliation
Prospects ed. by Maddalena Campioni and Patrick Noack, pp. 145-159. London:
Palgrave Macmillan.

Naniuzeyi, Emmanuel. (2016) “The Growing Economic Role of China in Africa: The
Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo” in International Fragmentation: Impacts
and Prospects for Manufacturing, Marketing, Economy, and Growth edited by Anshu
Saxena Arora and Sabine Bacouel-Jentjens. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.
65-79.

Nassanga, Goretti and Sabiti Makara. (2014) Perceptions of Chinese Presence in Africa
as Reflected in the African Media: Case Study of Uganda. Paper presented at the
international conference on China and Africa Media, Communications and Public
Diplomacy in Beijing. See at https://www.cmi.no/file/2915-.pdf.

__________. (2016) “Perceptions of Chinese Presence in Africa as Reflected in the

African Media: Case Study of Uganda,” Chinese Journal of Communication 9 (1), pp.
21-37.

Nasser-Eddine, Mon’im. (1972) Arab-Chinese Relations (With Special Emphasis on

Egyptian-Chinese Relations) 1950-1971. Beirut: The Arab Institute for Research and
Publishing.

Nathan, Andrew J. (1994) “Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Policy,” The China
Quarterly, no. 139 (September), pp. 622-643.

Natsios, Andrew S. (2012) “China in Sudan: The Challenge of Non-Interference in a

Failed State,” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 13 (2), 61-67.
 171

Nayyar, Deepak. (2008) “The Rise of China and India: Implications for Developing
Countries,” in Issues in Economic Development and Globalization: Essays in Honour of
Agit Singh, Philip Arestis and John Eatwell (eds.). Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,
UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 73-94.

Ncube, Mthuli and Michael Fairbanks. (2012) “China in Africa: Myths, Realities, and
Opportunities,” Harvard International Review, 34 (2), pp. 21-25.

Ndambendia, Houdou. (2015) Africa Trade and Investment with BRIC Nations in a
Changing Economic Landscape: The Role of China. MPRA paper no 71675. See at
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71675/1/MPRA_paper_71675.pdf.

Ndjio, Basile. (2009) “‘Shanghai Beauties’ and African Desires: Migration, Trade and
Chinese Prostitution in Cameroon,” European Journal of Development Research, 21 (4),
pp. 606-621.

__________. (2014) “’Magic Body’ and ‘Cursed Sex’: Chinese Sex Workers as ‘Bitch-
Witches in Cameroon,” African Affairs 113 (452) July, pp. 370-386.

Ndunguru, Adrian Fulko. (2014) “Revealing the Perceived Legal Barriers Affecting
China-Africa Investment Relationship,” Developing Country Studies, 4 (20), pp. 151-158.

Ndzendze, Bhaso. (2017) “Implications of the US-led War on Terror for Africa-China
Relations,” UJCI Africa-China Occasional Paper Series 4 (Ocrober). See at
http://confucius-institute.joburg/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/UJCI-africa-china-occ-
paper-no-4-ndzendze.pdf.

Neethling, Theo. (2015) “China’s International Peacekeeping Contributions and the

Evolution of Contemporary Chinese Strategic Considerations,” Strategic Review for
Southern Africa, 37 (2), pp. 7-28. See at http://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/85/Strategic
%20Review/Vol%2037%20(2)/neethling-pp7-28.zp74607.pdf.

Negi, Rohit. (2008) “Beyond the ‘Chinese Scramble’: The Political Economy of Anti-
China Sentiment in Zambia,” African Geographical Review, vol. 27 (December), pp. 41-
64.

Negusu Aklilu. (2014) “Greening Africa-China Relations: African Agents Punching

Below their Weight?” Journal of China and International Relations, 2 (1), 26-48. See at
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.880.5088&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

Nelson, Daniel. (1977) “Sino-African Relationship: Renewing an Ancient Contact,” East

Asian Review, 4 (1), pp. 68-89.
 172

Neuhauser, Charles. (1970) Third World Politics: China and the Afro-Asian People’s
Solidarity Organization 1957-1967. Harvard East Asian Monographs no. 26. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.

Ngoie, Germain Tshibambe. (2018) “Social Capital, Spatial Conquests and Migrants’
Social Mixity: Nigerians and Chinese in Lubambashi, DRC,” in Forging African
Communities: Mobility, Integration and Belonging, Oliver Bakewell and Loren B.
Landau, eds. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ngoie, Germain Tshibambe and Constant Kabika Etobo. (2007) “Les Relations Sino-
Africaines: Entre l’Espoir et les Controverses,” Congo-Afrique, 47 (417), pp. 599-619.

Ngome, Ivo. (2007) “Cameroonian Perceptions of the Chinese Invasion,” Africa Files,
no. 2 (September). See at www.africafiles.org/printableversion.asp?id=15986.

Nguyen, Eric. (2009) Les Relations Chine-Afrique. Paris: Studyrama Perspectives.

Ngwa, Nkwah Akongnwi. (2015) The Comparative Impact Analysis of Chinese and
Turkish Development Assistnace to Ethiopia from a South-South Cooperation
Perspective,” paper prepared for EY International Congress on Economics II in Ankara,
Turkey on November 5-6, 2015. See at
http://www.ekonomikyaklasim.org/eyc2015/userfiles/downloads/_Paper%2013.pdf.

Ni Yanshuo. (2006) “Strategic Partners: Premier Wen Jiabao’s Visit to Seven African
Countries Cements Growing China-Africa Ties,” Beijing Review, 49 (27), pp. 10-13.

Nicanor, Nepeti, Simon Roberts, and Marian Walker. (2006) “An Evaluation of the
Developing Economic Relationships between China and South Africa in the Context of
Negotiations on a Trade Agreement,” paper presented at a conference hosted by the
Development Policy Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 18-20
October, pp. 1-64. See at
www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Research_Units/DPRU/DPRUConference2006/Papers/Chinadr
aft%20final%20101006.pdf.

Nicoll, Alexander and Jessica Delaney (eds.). (2007) “China in Africa: A More
Responsive Approach?” Strategic Comments, 13 (5), pp. 1-2.

__________. (2008) “China’s Navy: Drive for Modernisation,” Strategic Comments, 14

(1), pp. 1-2.

Nicolas, Françoise. (2017) “Chinese Investors in Ethiopia: The Perfect Match?” Notes de
l’Ifri, Center for Asian Studies, March. See at https://www.ifri.org/en/publications/notes-
de-lifri/chinese-investors-ethiopia-perfect-match.

Nielsen, Waldemar A. (1969) “The Chinese Involvement” in The Great Powers and
Africa by Waldemar A. Nielsen. New York: Praeger Publishers, pp. 221-242.
 173

Niquet, Valérie. (1996) “Beyond Africa,” China News Analysis, no. 1574 (15 December),
pp. 6-10.

__________. (2006) “China’s African Strategy,” Politique Étrangère, 2nd trimester.

Translated into English. See at
www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/IMG/pdf/0805_Niquet_ANG.pdf.

Nissanke, Michiko and Marie Söderberg. (2011/2012) “The Changing Landscape in Aid
Relationships in Africa: Can China’s Engagement Make a Difference to African
Development?” UI Papers, Swedish Institute of International Affairs, pp. 5-34. See at
http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13323/1/Nissanke-Soderberg-_UI_paper.pdf.

Njal, Jorge. (2012) “The ‘Chinese Connection’ in Mozambique’s Hosting the 2011
Maputo All-Africa Games,” The China Monitor, issue 72 (June), pp. 4-19.

__________. (2012) Chinese Aid to Education in Mozambique. IESE conference paper

no. 24. See at
http://www.iese.ac.mz/lib/publication/III_Conf2012/IESE_IIIConf_Paper24.pdf.

Nkamnebe, Anayo D., Elizabeth Onyedinma Ezenweke, and C.N. Anionwu. (2009)
“Moral Embeddings of Trade Relations between Nigerian and Chinese SMEs:
Implications for Firm Internationalization,” African Journal of Business and Economic
Research, 4 (1), 73-89.

Nkereuwem, Elor. (2017) Nontraditional Actors: China and Russia in African Peace
Operations. Stimson Center policy brief (March). See at
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Nontraditional-Actors-China-
Russia-Africa-Peace-Operations.pdf.

Nnanna, Joseph. (2015) “Is China’s Investment in Africa Good for the Nigerian
Economy?” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 8 (1), pp. 40-48.

Nnoli, Okwudiba. (1978) Self-Reliance and Foreign Policy in Tanzania: The Dynamics
of the Diplomacy of New State, 1961-1971. New York: NOK Publishers.

Nonfodji, Paulette. (2011) “China’s Farmland Rush in Benin: Toward a Win-Win

Economic Model of Cooperation?” Paper presented at the International Conference on
Global Land Grabbing 6-8-April 2011 by the Land Deal Politics Initiative at the
University of Sussex. See at
http://www.iss.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/iss/Documents/Conference-
papers/LDPI/27_PAULETTE_NONFODJI.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Does China and Africa South-South Cooperation Lead to

Economic Development in Africa?” International Journal of Development and
Sustainability 2 (1), pp. 194-231. See at https://isdsnet.com/ijds-v2n1-15.pdf.
 174

Nordtveit, Bjørn H. (2011) “An Emerging Donor in Education and Development: A Case
Study of China in Cameroon,” International Journal of Educational Development, 31 (2),
pp. 99-108.

Nour, Samia Satti Osman Mohamed. (2010) “Impact of China-Africa Aid Relations: The
Case of Sudan,” AERC Study (29 April 2010). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Sudan-Aid-Relations.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Aid Relations: The Case of Sudan,”
Policy Brief, issue 9 (November), pp. 1-8. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-
africa-policybriefs/sudanPB9.pdf.

Nowak, Wioletta. (2015) “China’s Development Aid Strategies,” Chinese Business

Review, 14 (4), pp. 201-209. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297739361_China's_Development_Aid_Strateg
ies.

__________. (2016) “China-Africa and India-Africa Trade in the Years 2000-2014,”

Procedia Economics and Finance 39, pp. 140-146. See at https://ac.els-
cdn.com/S2212567116302611/1-s2.0-S2212567116302611-main.pdf?_tid=47affefa-f3e1-
11e7-bf45-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1515353635_20a19165f24c5e1d99c8bc7510a1ca35.

Nunoo, Isaac. (2017) “Africa in China’s One Belt One Road Initiative: A Boon or Bane?”
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 5 (2) April-June, pp.
684-694.

Nuutinen, Johannes. (2012) “China and Other Emerging Actors in Africa,” KEPA
(Helsinki) Working Paper No.34, pp. 1-28.

Nyaga, Walter, et al. (2017) “Kenya China Relations: Portrait of Economic Cooperation
in the New Milllennium,” International Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Research 5 (3) July-September, pp. 254-269. See at
https://www.academia.edu/34510819/Kenya_China_Relations_Portrait_of_Economic_Co
operation_in_the_New_Millennium.

Nyerere, Julius K. (1965) “State Visit to the People’s Republic of China,” in Nyerere:
Freedom and Unity by Julius K. Nyerere. Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press
(1966), pp. 323-325.

__________. (1970) “The Tanzania/Zambia Railway,” in Nyerere: Freedom and

Development by Julius K. Nyerere. Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press (1973), pp.
232-239.

Nyhodo, Bonani, Ron Sandrey and André Jooste. (2008) “South African Food Inflation
and Its Association with the Increasing Chinese Food Imports and Global Commodity
 175

Prices,” Tralac Working Paper, no. 9 (November). See at

www.tralac.org/cause_data/images/1694/WP2008_09SAFoodInflationChineseImports20
081119.pdf.

Obadina, Tunde. (2007) “Who’s Afraid of China’s Ties with Africa?” Africa Today
(August), pp. 33-34.

Obi, Cyril I. (2008) “Enter the Dragon? Chinese Oil Companies and Resistance in the
Niger Delta,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (117), 417-434.

__________. (2009) “China in Nigeria: Is Oil a Catalyst for Armed Violence?” Africa
Review, 1 (2), pp. 93-109.

__________. (2013) “Oiling Neocolonialism and Conflict? The Implications of China’s

Engagements with African Petro-states for Peace and Development,” SSRC, paper given
at Yale University. See at http://china-africa.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Obi-
Final.pdf.

Obiorah, Ndubisi. (2007) “China in Africa: Geopolitical and Geo-Economic

Considerations,” unpublished paper presented at a China-Africa conference at the
Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge on 31 May-2 June, pp. 1-24.

__________. (2008) “Rise and Rights in China-Africa Relations,” SAIS Working Papers
in African Studies. See at www.sais-jhu.edu/academics/regional-
Studies/africa/pdf/ObiorahWorkingPaper.pdf.

O’Brien, Liam Michael. (2016) “‘With Those Views, You Should Work for the
Communist Party of China’, Challenging Western Knowledge Production on China-
Africa Relations,” The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 72-94.

O’Brien, Robert. (2007) “The Implications of China’s Increased Involvement in Africa:

An Economic, Political and Cultural Analysis,” GW Discourse, 1 (2), pp. 10-13.

Observatorio de la Politica China. (2006) “China’s African Policy,” (January). See at

www.politica-china.org/imxd/noticias/doc/1223295799China%60s_African_Policy.pdf.

Obwona, Marios, et. al. (2007) “China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case of
Uganda,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-27. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Uganda.pdf.

__________ and Ephraim Chirwa. (2007) “Impact of Asian Drivers on SSA Agriculture
and Food Security: Issues and Challenges,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-56. See at
www.fanrpan.org/documents/d00324/SSA_Agriculture.pdf.

Oche, Ogaba. (1997) “Strengthening China-Africa Economic Relations,” Nigerian

Forum, 18 (3-4), pp. 64-68.
 176

Oda, Hideo. (1966) “Chinese Policy versus the Realities of Africa,” Journal of Social
and Political Ideas in Japan, 4 (3), pp. 42-48.

Odada, J.E. and Omu Kakujaha-Matundu. (2008) “China-Africa Economic Relations:

The Case of Namibia,” AERC Study (March), pp. 1-36. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Namibia-China.pdf.

Odeh, Lemuel E. (2010) “Sino-Nigeria Economic Relations 1990-2009,” African

Renaissance, 7 (1), pp. 43-56.

__________. (2013) “Sino-Nigeria Investments: Prospects and Challenges 1971-2010,”

The China Monitor, issue 4 (December), pp. 24-49.

__________. (2014) “Dynamics of China-Nigeria Economic Relations since 1971,”

Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 23, pp. 150-162.

Odoom, Isaac. (2016) Beyond Fuelling the Dragon: Locating African Agency in Africa-
China Relations. MA thesis, University of Alberta. See at
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c3t945r07h/Odoom_Isaac_201606_PhD.pdf.

Odoom, Isaac. (2017) “Dam In, Cocoa Out; Pipes In Oil Out: China’s Engagement in
Ghana’s Energy Sector,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 52 (5), pp. 598-620.

Ofodile, Uche E. (2008) “Trade, Empires, and Subjects—China-Africa Trade: A New

Fair Trade Arrangement or the Third Scramble for Africa?” Vanderbilt Journal of
Transnational Law, 41 (2), pp. 505-583.

__________. (2009) “Trade, Aid and Human Rights: China’s Africa Policy in
Perspective,” Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 4 (2), pp. 86-99.

__________. (2013) “Africa-China Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Critique,” Michigan

Journal of International Law, 35 (1), pp. 131-211. See at
http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=mjil.

Ogen, Olukoya. (2008) “Contemporary China-Nigeria Economic Relations: Chinese

Imperialism or South-South Mutual Partnership?” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 78-101.

Ogunbambi, R.O. (1982) “The Implications of the Sino-Soviet Split toward China’s
African Policy,” Sino-Soviet Affairs, 6 (3), pp. 155-168.

Ogunkola, E. Olawale, Abiodun S. Bankole and Adeolu Adewuyi. (2008) “China-Nigeria

Economic Relations,” report prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium
(February). See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Nigeria.pdf.
 177

Ogunsanwo, Alaba. (1974) China’s Policy in Africa. London: Cambridge University

Press.

__________. (2007) “Nigeria and China,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-74.

Oh Hassig, Kongdan. (2012) “China’s Soft Power Strategy in Africa,” IDA Research
Notes (summer), pp. 9-13.

Ojakorotu, Victor and Rumbidzai Kamidza. (2018) “Look East Policy: The Case of
Zimbabwe-China Political and Economic Relations Since 2000,” India Quarterly: A
Journal of International Affairs, 74 (1), pp. 17-41.

Ojha, Abhiruchi. (2009) “China’s Changing Role in Sudan: Economic Engagements and
Beyond,” Insight on Africa 1 (1), pp. 75-87.

Ojha, Ishwer C. (1969) Chinese Foreign Policy in an Age of Transition: The Diplomacy
of Cultural Despair. Boston: Beacon Press.

Ojo, Tokunbo . (2017) “Political Economy of Huawei’s Market Strategies in the Nigerian
Telecommunications Market,” International Communication Gazette 79 (3) April, pp.
317-332.

Okafor, Charles Ezechinyere. (2010) Economic Diplomacy and Nigeria-China Relations.

PhD thesis, University of Nigeria (February). See at
http://repository.unn.edu.ng:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1212/1/OKAFOR,
%20CHARLES%20EZECHINYERE.pdf.

Okolo, Abutu Lawrence. (2015) “China’s Foreign Policy Shift in Africa: From Non-
Interference to Preponderance,” International Journal of African Renaissance Studies 10
(2), pp. 32-47.

Okolo, Abutu Lawrence and Joseph O. Akwu. (2016) “China’s Foreign Direct Investment
in Africa’s Land: Hallmarks of Neo-colonialism or South-South Cooperation?” Africa
Review, 8 (1), pp. 44-59. See at
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09744053.2015.1090662.

Okoro, Ephraim and Philemon Oyewole P. (2011) “A Cost-benefit Analysis of China’s

Trade Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa,” Chinese Business Review, 10 (9), pp. 734-
743.

Okoro, James, Richard Ingwe, and Mathew O. Ojong. (2011) “Diplomacy in China-
Nigeria Political-Economic Relations,” The Romanian Journal of Society and Politics 6
(2) December, pp. 89-120. See at
http://rjsp.politice.ro/sites/default/files/pictures/okoro.pdf.
 178

Okpomo, Kenneth. (2014) “Trading with China: How the Igbo Cloth Traders in the Lagos
Island Market Scale the Intricate Hurdles,” Pambazuka News, issue 663 (29 January).
See at http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/90345.

Okumu, John J. (1979) “Foreign Relations: Dilemmas of Independence and

Development,” in Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania by Joel D. Barkan
and John J. Okumu (eds.). New York: Praeger Publishers, pp. 239-266.

O’Leary. Greg. (1980) The Shaping of Chinese Foreign Policy. New York: St. Martin’s
Press.

Olimat, Muhamad S. (2014) China and North Africa since World War II. Lanham, MD:
Lexington, Books.

__________. (2014) “China and the Darfur Crisis,” Canadian Social Science, 10 (6), pp.
122-132.

Olivier, Nico. (2014) “Between Contradiction and Co-operation: An Analysis of China’s

Evolving Engagement with Africa,” Insight on Africa, 6 (1), January, pp. 15-42.

Olorunfemi, Felix, May Tan-Mullins, Giles Mohan, Giuseppina Siciliano, and Frauke
Urban. (2017) “Hope, Politics and Risk: The Case of Chinese Dam in Nigeria,” Energy
and Environment Research 7 (2), pp. 1-13. See at
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/eer/article/view/69070/37558.

Olorunnisola, Anthony and Lian Ma. (2013) “Contemporary Sino-Africa Relations:

Interpenetration of History of Relations with the West, Ideology and Comparative Media
Frames,” Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 34 (3), pp. 41-61.

Olsen, Gorm Rye. (2009) In the Bermuda Triangle: Africa between China, the European
Union and the United States. Paper presented at EU-Africa Relations in the 21st Century,
University of Glasgow, UK. See at
http://forskning.ruc.dk/site/files/3763640/In_the_Bermuda_Triangle.pdf.

Olumide, Ekanade. (2012) “The Politics and Economics of Sino-Nigeria Relations 1960-
2008: An Uneasy Alliance with the Dragon,” Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 12
(1), pp. 1-15.

Ombaba, Kennedy Mwengei B., Phyllis A. Arogo, Phillip Bii, Lucas Ongeri, Jackline
Omuya, and Peter O. Kabuka. (2012) “A Study on the Impact of China’s Investments in
Africa: The Case of Kenya,” Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management
Sciences, 3 (5), pp. 529-537.

Ombok, Ochieng and Pontian G. Okoth. (2015) “The Praxis of China-Sudan Bilateral
Economic Relations,” Asian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2 (2), pp. 15-23. See
at
 179

http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3129/1/Barber_Chinese_Foreign_Policy_in_the_Going_Out_Era.
pdf.

Omolo, Miriam, Stephen Jairo, and Ruth Wanja. (2016) Comparative Study of Kenya,
US, EU and China Trade and Investment Relations. Nairobi: Institute of Economic
Affairs.

Omoruyi, Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell. (2016) “China and Africa: Rebranding the People
to People Relations,” Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6 (5). See
at https://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/china-and-africa-rebranding-the-people-to-
people-relations-2223-5833-1000248.php?aid=80198.

__________. (2016) “The Dragon’s Goodwill: Examining China’s External Finance and
African Lenders’ Preferentialism,” Journal of International Commerce, Economics and
Policy, 7 (3), pp. 1-30.

__________, Yao JiaoJiao, Abah Bidias Alain Stève, and Myuh Zoulitou. (2017) “China
Enhancing Education Development in Africa: A Case Study of Cameroun,” Research on
Humanities and Social Sciences 7 (15), pp. 8-19. See at
http://ias.zjnu.cn/_upload/article/files/3d/5c/ea09c1f74f5a95216194de4a00cf/716b0d32-
0b7e-4bf4-8f00-d4b350c9185c.pdf.

Omoweh, Dan, Ogaba Oche and Osita Agbu. (2005) Nigeria and China: Bilateral Ties in
a New World Order. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.

Ong’ayo, Antony Otiengo. (2010) “China-Africa Relations: A Review of the Civil

Society – Academic Dialogue Process 2007-2010,” Perspectives on Emerging Powers in
Africa, issue 4 (December), 2-6.

__________. (2011) “China-Africa Relations: The Relevance of Strategic Engagement of

African Civil Society Organisations with China,” in African Engagements, Africa
Negotiating an Emerging Multipolar World ed. by Ton Dietz, Kjell Havnevik, Mayke
Kaag, and Terje Oestigaard (Leiden: Brill).

Onjala, Joseph. (2008) “A Scoping Study on China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case
of Kenya,” report prepared for African Economic Research Consortium (5 March). See
at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Kenya.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Trade Relations: The Case of Kenya,”
Policy Brief, issue 5 (November), pp. 1-4. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-
africa-policybriefs/kenyaPB5.pdf.

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (1987) The Aid Programme
of China. Paris: OECD.
 180

__________. (2011) “Economic Transformation and Poverty Reduction – How It

Happened in China, Helping It Happen in Africa,” China-DAC Study Group. See at
www.oecd.org/dac/povertyreduction/49528657.pdf.

O’Rourke, Ronald. (2007) “China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy
Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress,” CRS Report for Congress, RL33153
(18 October), pp. 1-44. See at www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33153.pdf.

Orr, Thomas. (2007) “The China-Australia Free-Trade Negotiations: Implications for

South Africa,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University (February), pp. 1-89.
See at www.ccs.org.za/downloads/The_China-Australia_Free_Trade_Negotiations_-
_Implications_for_South_Africa.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Mandela, Diamonds and Crime: The South Africa-China

Relationship at a Crossroads,” The China Monitor (May), pp. 4-10. See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/monitors/China%20Monitor_May%202008.pdf.

Osei-Hwedie, Bertha Z. (2008) “China-Africa Relations in the New Millennium:

Opportunities and Challenges,” The Icfai Journal of International Relations, 2 (1), pp.
44-59.

__________. (2012) “The Dynamics of China-Africa Cooperation,” Afro-Asian Journal

of Social Sciences, 3 (1), pp. 1-25. See at
http://www.onlineresearchjournals.com/aajoss/art/79.pdf.

Oshodi, Abdul-Gafar ‘Tobi’. (2016) “Between the Dragon’s Gift and Its Claws: China in
Africa and the (Un)civil Fostering of ILO’s Decent Work Agenda,” in Global
Governance of Labor Rights: Assessing the Effectiveness of Transnational Public and
Private Policy Initiatives ed. by Axel Marx, et. al. (Edward Elgar Publishing), pp. 190-
208.

Osondu, Adaora. (2013) “Off and On: China’s Principle of Non-Interference in Africa,”
Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 4 (3), pp. 225-234.

__________. (2016) “China and Africa: Human Rights Perspective,” Africa Development
41 (1), pp. 49-80.

Otenia, Temitayo. (2017) “Chinese Zero-Tariff Treatment for Least Developed Countries:
China’s Soft-Power in Action in Africa,” International and Public Affairs 1 (2), pp. 39-
46. See at http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ipa.20170102.11.pdf.

Ottaway, David and Marina. (1981) Afrocommunism. New York: Africana Publishing Co.

Ovadia, Jesse Salah. (2010) “China in Africa: A ‘Both/And’ Approach to Development

and Underdevelopment with Reference to Angola,” The China Monitor (August), 11-17.
 181

__________. (2013) “Accumulation with or without Dispossession? A ‘Both/And’

Approach to China in Africa with Reference to Angola,” Review of African Political
Economy, 40, issue 136, pp. 233-250.

Oxford Analytica. (2009) “China/Africa: CADF Ramps Up African Investments,” 12

May.

__________. (2013) “New Challenges Arise as China-Africa Ties Deepen,” 21 January.

See at www.oxan.com/Analysis/DailyBrief/Samples/CHINA-AFRICATies.aspx.

Oya, Carlos. (2008) “Greater Africa-China Economic Cooperation: Will This Widen
‘Policy Space’?” Development Viewpoint (School of Oriental and African Studies), no. 4
(June).

Oyeranti, Gboyega A., M. Adetunji Babatunde, E. Olawale Ogunkola and Abiodun S.

Bankole. (2010) “China-Africa Investment Relations: A Case Study of Nigeria,” AERC
Study (28 February), pp. 1-76. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-
country-cases/Nigeria-Investment.pdf.

__________. (2010) “The Impact of China-Africa Investment Relations: The Case of

Nigeria,” Policy Brief, issue 8 (November), pp. 1-5. See at
www.aercafrica/documents/china-africa-policybriefs/NigeriaPB8.pdf.

Oyeranti, Gboyega A., M. Adetunji Babatunde, and E. Olawale Ogunkola (2011) “An
Analysis of China-Nigeria Investment Relations,” Journal of Chinese Economic and
Foreign Trade Studies, 4 (3), pp. 183-199.

Ozawa, Terutomo. (2015) Next Great Industrial Transmigration: Relocating China’s

Factories to Sub-Saharan Africa, Flying-Geese Style? Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation discussion paper no. 78 (April). See at
http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/apec/sites/apec/files/DP%2078.Ozawa_.China%20in
%20Africa.pdf.

__________ and Christian Bellak. (2011) “Will the World Bank’s Vision Materialize?
Relocating China’s Factories to Sub-Saharan Africa, Flying-geese Style,” Global
Economy Journal, 11 (3), pp. 1-16.

Pairault, Thierry. (2012) “Le Chinois et la Recherche sur l’Afrique,” Outre Terre, 30 , pp.
367-376.

__________. (2013) “Les Entreprises Chinoises sous la Tutelle Directe du Gouvernement

Illustrées par Leur Investissement en Afrique,” Revue de la Régulation, 13 (1). See at
http://regulation.revues.org/10195.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Direct Investment in Africa: A State Strategy?” Région et

Développment, no. 37, pp. 259-284.
 182

__________. (2014) Developmental States: How Algeria Makes the Best of China to
Promote Its Development. Paper delivered at a conference at the People’s Friendship
University of Russia, 30-31 October. See at https://hal.inria.fr/halshs-
01079453/document.

__________. (2014) Le consortium CITIC-CRCC et l’autoroute est-ouest. Archive

ouverte en Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société. See at https://halshs.archives-
ouvertes.fr/halshs-01620638/document.

__________. (2015) “China’s Economic Presence in Algeria,” C.C.J. Occasional Papers,

no. 1 (January). See at https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01116295/document.

__________. (2016) “La Chine en Algérie: Quelle Industrialisation?” Outre-Terre, 47 (2),

pp. 165-179.

__________. (2017) “La Chine au Maghreb: de l’esprit de Bandung à l’esprit du

capitalisme,” Revue de la regulation, 21, 1er semester, Spring. See at
https://regulation.revues.org/12230.

__________. (2017) “La Chine dans la Modialisation: L’insertion de la filière automobile

Chinoise en Algérie et au Maroc,” Revue Internationale des Economistes de Langue
Française 2 (2), pp. 133-150. See at http://pairault.fr/sinaf/doc/rielf.pdf.

__________. (2018) Djibouti et les routes électroniques de la soie. paper on website. See
at http://pairault.fr/sinaf/doc/djibouti.pdf.

__________. (2018) “China in Africa: Goods Supplier, Service Provider Rather than
Investor,” Bridges Africa, 7 (5). See at https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-
africa/news/china-in-africa-goods-supplier-service-provider-rather-than.

__________ and Fatiha Talahite. (2014) Chine-Algérie: Une Relation Singulière en

Afrique. Paris: Riveneuve éditions.

Pan, Esther. (2007) “China, Africa, and Oil,” Council on Foreign Relations backgrounder
(26 January). See at www.cfr.org/publication/9557/china_africa_and_oil.html.

Pan Guang. (2008) “China’s Energy Diplomacy over Past 30 Years of Reform and
Opening-up,” China International Studies, no. 13 (winter), pp. 85-100.

Pan Zhenqiang. (2010) “China and the Middle East” in China’s Growing Role in the
Middle East: Implications for the Region and Beyond prepared for the Nixon Center, pp.
73-95. See at www.nixoncenter.org/full-monograph-chinas-growing-role-in-me.pdf.
 183

Pang Zhongying. (2005) “China’s Changing Attitude to UN Peacekeeping,” International

Peacekeeping, 12 (1), pp. 87-104.

Pannell, Clifton W. (2008) “China’s Economic and Political Penetration in Africa,”

Eurasian Geography and Economics, 49 (6), pp. 706-730.

Pant, Harsh V. (2008) “China in Africa: The Push Continues but All’s Not Well,” Defense
and Security Analysis, 24 (1), pp. 33-43.

__________. (2009) “India in the Indian Ocean: Growing Mismatch between Ambitions
and Capabilities,” Pacific Affairs, 82 (2), pp. 279-297.

__________. (2011) China’s Rising Global Profile. Brighton, UK: Sussex Academic
Press.

__________ and Ava M. Haidar. (2017) China’s Expanding Military Footprint in Africa.
Observer Research Foundation issue brief no. 195 (September). See at
http://cf.orfonline.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/ORF_Issue_Brief_195_China_Military_Africa.pdf.

Paone, Valerie. (2006) “The Chinese Influence in Africa: A Global Trend,” paper
prepared for Law and Society Conference in Baltimore 6-9 July. See at
www.gdnet.org/fulltext/Paone_Chinese_influence_in_Africa.pdf.

Parello-Plesner, Jonas and Mathieu Duchâtel. (2015) China’s Strong Arm: Protecting
Citizens and Assets Abroad. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Parenti, Jennifer L. (2009) “China-Africa Relations in the 21st Century,” Joint Forces
Quarterly, issue 52 (1st quarter), pp. 118-124.

Park, Hyunhee. (2013) “The Position of the Maghreb in Traditional Chinese

Geographical Knowledge about the Islamic Middle East,” The Maghreb Review, 38 (1),
pp. 3-20.

Park, Jinman. (2015) “Is the Chinese Government’s Increase in Development

Cooperation with Africa the Revival of Sinocentrism?” Geopolitics, 20 (3), 626-644.

Park, Yoon Jung. (2006) “Sojourners to Settlers: Early Constructions of Chinese Identity
in South Africa, 1879-1949,” African Studies, 65 (2), pp. 201-231.

__________. (2008) A Matter of Honour: Being Chinese in South Africa. Auckland Park,
South Africa: Jacana Media Ltd.

__________. (2008) “State, Myth, and Agency in the Construction of Chinese South
African Identities, 1948-1994,” Journal of Chinese Overseas, 4 (1), pp. 69-90.
 184

__________. (2009) “Chinese Migration in Africa,” South African Institute of

International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 24 (January), pp. 1-18.

__________. (2010) “The Chinese Diaspora in Africa: An Introduction,” The China

Monitor (July), pp. 9-13.

__________. (2010) “Boundaries, Borders and Borderland Constructions: Chinese in

Contemporary South Africa and the Region,” African Studies, 69 (3), pp. 457-479.

__________. (2011) “Black, Yellow, (Honorary) White or Just Plain South African?
Chinese South Africans, Identify and Affirmative Action,” Transformation: Critical
Perspectives on Southern Africa, 77, pp. 107-121.

__________. (2013) “Perceptions of Chinese in Southern Africa: Constructions of the

‘Other’ and the Role of Memory,” African Studies Review, 56 (1), pp. 131-153.

__________. (2014) “The Chinese in Africa/Africans in China Research Network: The

Role of a Virtual Network on Increasing Africa’s ‘East Asia Literacy’,” The China
Monitor, issue 3 (September), pp. 70-84.

__________. (2016) “One Million Chinese in Africa,” SAIS Perspectives (12 May).

__________. (2017) “Chinese Migrants in Latin America/Caribbean and Africa. Then

and Now,” Journal of Chinese Overseas 13, pp. 163-180.

__________. (2017) “The Politics of Chineseness in South Africa: From Apartheid to

2015,” in Contemporary Chinese Diasporas by Min Zhou (ed.). Singapore: Palgrave
Macmillan, pp. 29-51.

__________ and Anna Ying Chen. (2009) “Recent Chinese Migrants in Small Towns of
Post-apartheid South Africa,” Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 25 (1),
pp. 25-44.

__________, Ben Lampert, and Winslow Robertson. (2016) “China’s Impacts on Africa’s
Development,” African Review of Economics and Finance, 8 (1), pp. 3-11.

Parker, Sam and Gabrielle Chefitz. (2018) Debtbook Diplomacy: China’s Strategic
Leveraging of its Newfound Economic Influence and the Consequences for U.S. Foreign
Policy. Policy analysis paper by the Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center (March).
See at https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/Debtbook
%20Diplomacy%20PDF.pdf.

Passin, Herbert. (1963) China’s Cultural Diplomacy. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
 185

Paterson, Chris and Toussaint Nothias. (2016) “Representation of China and the United
States in Africa in Online Global News,” Communications, Culture & Critique, 9 (1), pp.
107-125.

Patey, Luke Anthony. (2007) “State Rules: Oil Companies and Armed Conflict in Sudan,”
Third World Quarterly, 28 (5), pp. 997-1016.

__________. (2009) “Against the Asian Tide: The Sudan Divestment Campaign,” The
Journal of Modern African Studies, 47 (4), pp. 551-573.

__________. (2014) The New Kings of Crude: China, India, and the Global Struggle for
Oil in Sudan and South Sudan. London: Hurst and Company.

__________. (2017) “Learning in Africa: China’s Overseas Oil Investments in Sudan and
South Sudan,” Journal of Contemporary China 26 (107), pp. 756-768.

__________ and Daniel Large. (2012) “Cooperating with China in Africa,” DIIS Policy
Brief (February). See at www.dis.dk/graphics/Publications/Policybriefs2012/DIIS-
Policy-brief-cooperating-with-China-in-Africa-Patey-Large-Web.pdf.

Pathak, Vidhan. (2007) “India’s Energy Diplomacy in Francophone Africa: Competitive-

Cooperation with China,” India Quarterly, 63 (2), pp. 26-55.

__________. (2009) “China and Francophone Western Indian Ocean Region:

Implications for Indian Interests,” Journal of Defence Studies, 3 (4), pp. 79-102. See at
http://www.idsa.in/system/files/jds_3_4_vpathak.pdf.

Patriat, Lucas. (2006) “Dossier Chine/Afrique,” Marchés Tropicaux, 61 (3177), pp. 5-9.

Patroba, Hilary. (2012) “China in Kenya: Addressing Counterfeit Goods and Construction
Sector Imbalances,” SAIIA Occasional Paper No. 110 (March), pp. 1-28. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_
%20110_patroba_20120327.pdf.

__________. (2012) “China in the Pacific Islands: What Are the Lessons for Africa?”
The China Monitor, Issue 2 (November), pp. 46-80.

Pautard, André. (1966) “Le Gouvernement de Pékin et les États du Maghreb,” Le Mois
en Afrique (June), pp. 64-77.

Pavlus, Martin. (2011) “A New Pearl in China’s String? China’s New Military Base in
Africa’s Troubled Waters and the Implications for the EU,” EU-China Observer, issue 5,
pp. 15-22.

Payne, Richard J. and Cassandra R. Veney. (1998) “China’s Post-Cold War African
Policy,” Asian Survey, 38 (9), pp. 867-879.
 186

__________. (2001) “Taiwan and Africa: Taipei’s Continuing Search for International
Recognition,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 36 (4), pp. 437-450.

Pearson, Margaret M. (2006) “China in Geneva: Lessons from China’s Early Years in the
World Trade Organization” in New Directions in the Study of China’s Foreign Policy by
Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (eds.). Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp.
242-275.

Pecoraro, Eugenia. (2010) China’s Strategy in North Africa: New Economic Challenges
for the Mediterranean Region, EUGOV working paper no. 26/2010. See at
https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/worpap/2010/hdl_2072_203951/Working_paper_No._26-
2010.pdf.

Pehnelt, Gernot. (2007) “The Political Economy of China’s Aid Policy in Africa,” Jena
Economic Research Papers 051, pp. 1-17. See at http://25.thulb.uni-
jena.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/jportal_derivate_00039789/wp_2007_051.pdf.

__________ and Martin Abel. (2007) “China’s Development Policy in Africa,” South
African Institute of International Affairs, report no. 1. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_01_pehnelt_abel_200712.pdf.

Peilong Liu, Yan Guo, Xu Shenglan Tang, Zhihui Li, and Lincoln Chen. (2014) “China’s
Distinctive Engagement in Global Health,” The Lancet, 384 (30 August), pp. 793-804.
See at
http://www.alasag.org/en/images/documentos/pdf/noticias/Chinas_engagement_GH.pdf.

Pelican, Michaela and Peter Tatah. (2009) “Migration to the Gulf States and China: Local
Perspectives from Cameroon,” African Diaspora, 2 (2), pp. 229-244.

Pellerin, Mathieu. (2011) Le Nouvel Essor des Relations entre la Chine et Madagascar,”
Note de l’Ifri (March). See at
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ifripellerinchineamada.pdf.

Pember-Finn, Tom. (2011) “China and the Middle East: The Emerging Security Nexus,”
Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 11 (1), pp. 37-46.

Pendergast, James M. (2010) “China’s Anti-Piracy Mission: Turning Blue-Water Theory

into Practice and the Implications for the U.S. Navy,” paper presented to the Naval War
College on 11 May. See at www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA525093.

Penfold, Erica and Pieter Fourie. (2014) “Ebola and Cultures of Engagement: Chinese
Versus Western Health Diplomacy,” South African Institute of International Affairs (9
October). See at www.saiia.org.za/opinion-analysis/ebola-and-cultures-of-engagement-
chinese-versus-western-health-diplomacy/.
 187

Peng Mo, Ryan J. Orr, Jianzhong Lu. (2008) Addis Ababa Ring Road Project: A Case
Study of a Chinese Construction Project in Ethiopia. Paper presented at an international
conference on multi-national construction projects in Shanghai (November 21-23). See
at https://gpc.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/cp028_0.pdf.

Pengtao Li. (2010) “The Myth and Realty of Chinese Investors: A Case Study of Chinese
Investment in Zambia’s Copper Industry,” SAIIA Occasional Paper No. 62 (May). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_62_li_20100526.pdf.

Pere, Garth le (ed.). (2007) China in Africa: Mercantilist Predator, or Partner in

Development? Midrand, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue.

__________ and Garth Shelton. (2006) “Afro-Chinese Relations: An Evolving South-

South Partnership,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 33-53.

__________. (2007) China, Africa and South Africa: South-South Co-operation in a

Global Era. Midrand, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue.

__________. (2012) “China,” in Region-Building in Southern Africa: Progress, Problems

and Prospects ed. by Chris Saunders, Gwinyayi Albert Dzinesa, and Dawn Nagar.
London: Zeb Books.

Peters, Ralph. (2006) “Waters of Wealth and War: The Crucial Indian Ocean,” Armed
Forces Journal (March), pp. 36-40.

Petersen, Hans E. and Sanne van der Lugt. (2010) “Chinese Participation in African
Infrastructure Development: The Case of the DRC and Zambia,” Report written for the
China-DAC Study Group Event on Infrastructure, from 19-20 September in Beijing. See
at www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Petersen_Lugt_ENG.pdf.

Petkovic, Ranko. (1985) “China and the ‘Third-World’ Countries-Support for the Policy
and Movement of Non-alignment,” Review of International Affairs, no. 36, pp. 6-8.

Pew Research Center. (2007) “Global Unease with Major World Powers: 47-Nation Pew
Global Attitudes Survey,” The Pew Global Attitudes Project (27 June). See at
http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/256.pdf.

__________. (2008) “Global Economic Gloom – China and India Notable Exceptions:
24-Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey,” The Pew Global Attitudes Project, (12 June).
See at http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/260.pdf.

Pfeifenberger, Werner. (1981) “The South African Policy of the People’s Republic of
China,” Journal of Contemporary History, 6 (1), pp. 1-11.

Pham, J. Peter. (2006) “China’s African Strategy and Its Implications for U.S. Interests,”
American Foreign Policy Interests, 28 (3), pp. 239-253. See at
 188

https://www.ncafp.org/articles/06%20China's%20African%20Strategy%20and%20it's
%20Implications%20for%20US%20Interests.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Pirates and Dragon Boats: Assessing the Chinese Navy’s Recent
East African Deployments,” Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 4 (1), pp. 87-108.

Piçarra, Mafalda Ferreira. (2012) “Revisiting Sino-Mozambican Cooperation: China’s

Inroads into the Agriculture and Forestry Sectors,” The China Monitor, issue 72 (June),
pp. 20-34.

Pigato, Miria. (2009) Strengthening China’s and India’s Trade and Investment Ties to the
Middle East and North Africa. Washington: The World Bank.

__________ and Wenxia Tang. (2015) China and Africa: Expanding Economic Ties in an
Evolving Global Context. Washington: The World Bank.

Pliez, Oliver. (2007) “Des Jeans Chinois dans les Rues du Caire, Ou les Espaces Discrets
de la Mondialisation,” M@ppemonde, no. 88. See at
www.mappemonde.mgm.fr/num16/articles/art07404.htm.

Pokam, Hilaire de Prince. (2011) “Chinese Medicine in Cameroon,” China Perspectives,

no. 3, pp. 51-58.

Pollet, Ignace, Huib Huyse, Xiaofeng Zhang, Sylvain Shomba, and Pengtao Li. (2011)
Neither Conflict, Nor Comfort: The Co-habitation of Chinese and Belgian Aid in the
D.R.Congo. Leuven, Belgium: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.

Pollock, Greg (2007) “Back to the Future: Understanding China’s Return to Africa and Its
Implications for U.S. Policy,” Journal of Public and International Affairs, 18 (Spring),
pp. 55-79.

Po-t’ang, Yeh. (1974) “Peiping’s Policy Towards Africa as Viewed from the
Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique,” Issues and Studies, 10 (15), pp. 2-12.

Poole, Peter Andrews. (1966) “Communist China’s Aid Diplomacy,” Asian Survey, 6
(11), pp. 622-629.

Porsani, Juliana, Lowe Börjeson, and Kari Lehtilä. (2017) “Land Concessions and Rural
Livelihoods in Mozambique: The Gap Between Anticipated and Real Benefits of a
Chinese Investment in the Limpopo Valley,” Journal of Southern African Studies 43 (6),
pp. 1181-1198.

Postel, Hannah. (2015) “Following the Money: Chinese Labor Migration to Zambia,”
Migration Policy Institute (20 February). See at
http://migrationpolicy.org/article/following-money-chinese-labor-migration-zambia.
 189

__________. (2017) “Moving Beyond ‘China in Africa’: Insights from Zambian

Immigration Data,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46 (2), pp. 155-174. See at
https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jcca/article/view/1071/1078.

Potelwa, Yolanda, Ron Sandrey and Sun Zhina. (2015) “The West and Central African
Trade Profile, with a Special Review of the Relationship with China and Regional
Agricultural Trade,” TRALAC Working Paper No. S15WP22/2015. See at
www.tralac.org/images/docs/8593/s15wp222015-potelwa-west-and-central-african-trade-
profile-20151127-fin.pdf.

Potgieter, Jakkie. (2000) “‘Taking Aid from the Devil Himself’ UNITA’s Support
Structures,” in Angola’s War Economy by Jakkie Cilliers and Christian Dietrich (eds.).
Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, pp. 255-273.

Power, Lucy. (2014) Oil, Terrorism and China: Is There a new Securitization of United
States Foreign Policy in Africa? MA thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. See at
http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/3445/thesis.pdf?
sequence=2.

Power, Marcus and Ana Cristina Alves (eds.). (2012) China and Angola: A Marriage of
Convenience? Cape Town: Pambazuka Press.

Power, Marcus and Giles Mohan. (2008) “New African Choices? The Economics and
Geopolitics of Chinese Engagement with African Development,” power point
presentation (17 May). See at www.geography.dur.ac.uk/projects/china-
africa/Publications/tabid/2600/Default.aspx.

__________. (2008) “The Geopolitics of China’s Engagement with African

Development,” unpublished paper (9 July). See at www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/bisa-
africa/workshop/mohan_and_%20power.pdf.

__________. (2010) “Towards a Critical Geopolitics of China’s Engagement with

African Development,” Geopolitics, 15 (3), pp. 462-495.

Power, Marcus, Giles Mohan and May Tan-Mullins. (2012) China’s Resource Diplomacy
in Africa: Powering Development? Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Prah, Kwesi Djapong Lwazi Sarkodee amd Vusi Gumede (eds.). (2017) Africa-China
Partnerships and Relatons: African Perspectives. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.

Pratt, Cornelius and Whole Adamolekun. (2007) The People’s Republic of China and
FAPRA: Catalysts for Theory Building in Africa’s Public Relations,” Journal of Public
Relations Research, 20 (1), pp. 20-48.

Pretorius, Joelien. (2008) “Non-Alignment in the Current World Order: The Impact of the
Rise of China,” Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 30 (1), pp. 1-27.
 190

Prinsloo, Daan S. (1976) “China and the Liberation of Portuguese Africa,” Foreign
Affairs Association Study Report (Pretoria), no. 2 (May), pp. 1-13.

__________. (1978) “China’s Quest for Africa,” Journal of Social and Political Studies,
no. 3, pp. 27-39.

Priyadarshana, Sithara. (2015) “China as a Dominant Naval Power in the Indian Ocean,”
International Journal of Science Inventions Today, 4 (4), July-August, pp. 393-404.

Procopio, Maddalena. (2015) “The Effectiveness of Confucius Institutes as a Tool of

China’s Soft Power in South Africa,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor,
issue 2 (June), pp. 98-125.

__________. (2016) Negotiating Governance: Kenyan Contestation, Cooperation,

Passivity toward the Chinese. PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political
Science. See at http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3446/.

Prybyla, Jan S. (1964) “Communist China’s Economic Relations with Africa 1960-1964,”
Asian Survey, 4 (11), pp. 1135-1143.

__________. (1966) “Pragmatic Marxism—Peking Style,” Challenge, vol. 15

(November/December), pp. 12-14 and 42.

__________. (1971) “Foreign Aid: The Chinese Are Coming,” Current History, 61 (361),
pp. 142-147, 181.

Pugzlyte, Ieva. (2012) China’s Transformation towards a Market Economy and Its
Changing Position in the SADC Region. MA thesis, University of Groningen. See at
http://arts.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/16230/1/MA_1641409_I_Pugzlyte.pdf.

Puppin, Giovanna. (2017) “Making Space for Emotions: Exploring China-Africa

‘Mediated Relationships’ through CCTV-9’s Documentary African Chronicles,” Journal
of African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 131-147.

Puska, Susan M. (2007) “Resources, Security and Influence: The Role of the Military in
China’s Africa Strategy,” China Brief, 7 (11), pp. 2-6.

Putzel, Louis and Noël Kabuyaya. (2011) “Chinese Aid, Trade and Investment and the
Forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” Center for International Forestry
Research working paper number 82, pp. 1-40. See at
www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP82Putzel.pdf.

Putzel, Louis, et al. (2011) “Chinese Trade and Investment and the Forests of the Congo
Basin: Synthesis of Scoping Studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and
 191

Gabon. Center for International Forestry Research working paper no. 67. See at
http://cebem.org/cmsfiles/publicaciones/chinese_trade.pdf.

Qiaowen Zhang and Anna Kangombe. (2016) “Chinese Investment in Africa: How the
New Normal Can Leverage Agenda 2063 for Sustainable Economic Co-operation,” The
China Monitor, issue 3 (December), pp. 62-94.

Qingxiu Bu. (2015) “Chinese Multinational Companies in Africa: The Human Rights
Discourse,” African Journal of Legal Studies, 8, pp. 33-86.

Qingye Guo. (2017) The Principle of Non-interference and China’s Role in International
Conflict in the New Era: China in Sudan and South Sudan, Syria, and Afghanistan. MA
thesis, Lund University. See at http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=8916412&fileOId=8916418.

Qinwen Gao. (2011) Interests and Friendship: Perspectives from Chinese People in
Africa on Their African Engagement, MA thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences.
See at https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/187745/Qinwen%20Gao
%20Master%20thesis.pdf?sequence=1.

Qobo, Mzukisi and Garth le Pere. (2018) “The Role of China in Africa’s
Industrialization: The Challenge of Building Global Value Chains,” Journal of
Contemporary China, 27 (110), pp. 208-223.

Quinlan, Martin. (2006) “Angola: Forward, with China,” Petroleum Economist, vol. 73,
no. 5 (May), 28-31.

Qureshi, Mahvash Saeed and Guanghua Wan. (2008) “Trade Expansion of China and
India: Threat or Opportunity,” United Nations University Research Paper No. 2008/08,
pp. 1-22.

Rabia Yimam Damtew and Samson Maekele Tsegay. (2017) “Developing South-South
Cooperation: The Case of Ethio-China Economic Relationship,” International Journal of
Research Studies in Management 6 (1), pp. 75-89. See at
http://consortiacademia.org/wp-content/uploads/IJRSM/IJRSM_v6i1/1757_final.pdf.

Rafferty, Tom. (2010) “China’s Doctrine of Non-Interference Challenged by Sudan’s

Referendum,” China Brief, 10 (25), pp. 10-13.

Raine, Sarah. (2009) China’s African Challenges. London: International Institute for
Strategic Studies.

__________. (2009) “Sino-Mauritian Relations: The Geopolitical Perspective,” The

China Monitor (April), 10-12.
 192

Rajan, D.S. (2014) The Unfolding China’s Indian Ocean Strategy. South Asia Analysis
Group paper. See at www.southasiaanalysis.org/node/1455.

__________. (2016) China in the Indian Ocean. South Asia Analysis Group paper no.
6103. See at www.southasiaanalysis.org/node/1977.

Ramazani, R.K. (1963) “Russia, China and the Afro-Asian Countries,” The Mizan
Newsletter, vol. 5, no. 3 (March 1963), 1-10.

Ramiandrisoa, Olivier, Jean Razafindravonona, and Aina Rafalimanana. (no date) “Trade
Relations with China: Is Madagascar Doing Well Out of It?” AERC Study, pp. 1-52. See
at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/MadagascarTrade.pdf.

Randolph, R. Sean. (1977) “A Hand in the Pie: Ethiopia, Benin, and the Guineas,” in
Sino-Soviet Intervention in Africa by Roger Pearson (ed.). Washington: Council on
American Affairs, pp. 69-75.

Rangasamy, Logan and Jan Abraham Swanepoel. (2011) “China’s Impact on South
African Trade and Inflation,” Development Southern Africa, 28 (1), pp. 141-156.

Raposo, Pedro Amakasu and David M. Potter. (2010) “Chinese and Japanese
Development Co-operation: South-South, North-South, or What?” Journal of
Contemporary African Studies, 28 (2), pp. 177-202.

Ratliff, William E. (1981) “People’s Republic of China” in Communist Powers and Sub-
Saharan Africa by Thomas H. Henriksen (ed.). Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, pp.
85-110.

Ravallion, Martin. (2008) “Are There Lessons for Africa from China’s Success against
Poverty?” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4463 (January), pp. 1-29. See at
http://papers.ssrn.com/50/3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1080478#PaperDownload.

Ray, Nivedita. (2006) “While China Scrambles Africa Builds Hope,” Institute for
Defence Studies & Analyses Strategic Comments (6 November). See at
www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/NiveditaRay091106.htm.

Razafindravonona, Jean, Eric Rakotomanana, and Jimmy Rajaobelina. (2008) “Étude sur
les Échanges entre Chine et Madagascar,” report prepared for the African Economic
Research Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Madagascar.pdf.

__________. (2009) “Impacts of Investment Relations between China and Madagascar,”

AERC Study (October), pp. 1-40. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-
country-cases/Madagascar-Investment-paper.pdf.
 193

R.B. (1964) “China’s Impact on Africa—A Summing Up,” Race and Class, 5 (4), pp. 75-
82.

Rebol, Max. (2010) “Public Perceptions and Reactions: Gauging African Views of China
in Africa,” African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5 (25), pp. 3524-3535.

Reda, Assem, Assem Abu Hatab, Nada Abdelhamed Shoum, and Huo Xuexi. (2012)
“Exploring Egypt-China Bilateral Trade: Dynamics and Prospects,” Journal of Economic
Studies, 39 (3), pp. 314-326.

Reilly, James. (2015) “The Role of China as an Education Aid Donor,” UNESCO,
background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015.
See at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002324/232475e.pdf.

Reisen, Helmut. (2008) “Is China Actually Helping Improve Debt Sustainability in
Africa?” OECD Development Centre, pp. 1-9. See at
www.iddri.org/Activities/Conferences-
internationales/070706_PaperReisen_confpaysemergents.pdf.

Reitsma, Hendrik J.A. (1976) “South Africa and the Red Dragon: A Study in Perception,”
Africa Today, 23 (1), pp. 47-67.

Ren, Mu. (2014) “China’s Non-intervention Policy in UNSC Sanctions in the 21st
Century: The Cases of Libya, North Korea, and Zimbabwe,” Ritsumeikan International
Affairs, 12, pp. 101-134. See at http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/re/k-
rsc/ras/04_publications/ria_en/12_06.pdf.

Renard, Mary-Françoise. (2011) “China’s Trade and FDI in Africa,” African

Development Bank Working Paper Series, No. 126 (May).

Renne, Elisha P. (2015) “The Changing Contexts of Chinese-Nigerian Textile Production

and Trade, 1900-2015,” Textile, 13 (3), pp. 212-233.

Rennie, Namvula. (2009) “The Lion and the Dragon: African Experiences in China,”
Journal of African Media Studies, 1 (3), August, pp. 379-414.

Renwick, Neil, Jing Gu, and Song Hong. (2018) “China and African Governance in the
Extractive Industries,” International Development Policy, 10 (1). See at
https://journals.openedition.org/poldev/2547.

Rettman, Rosalyn J. (1973/1974) “The Tanzam Rail Link: China’s ‘Loss Leader’ in
Africa,” World Affairs, vol. 136 (winter), pp 232-258.

Rich, Timothy S. and Sterling Recker. (2013) “Understanding Sino-African Relations:

Neocolonialism or a New Era?” Journal of International and Area Studies 20 (1), pp. 61-
 194

76. See at http://timothysrich.com/documents/Rich_and_Recker_Understanding_Sino-

African_Relations.pdf.

Rich, Timothy S. and Vasabjit Banerjee. (2015) “Running Out of Time? The Evolution of
Taiwan’s Relations in Africa,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44 (1), pp. 141-161.
See at http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jcca/article/viewFile/818/819.

Richardson, Courtney J. (2011) “A Responsible Power? China and the UN Peacekeeping

Regime,” International Peacekeeping, 18 (3), June, pp. 286-297.

Richardson, Peter. (1977) “The Recruiting of Chinese Indentured Labour for the South
African Gold-Mines, 1903-1908,” Journal of African History, 18 (1), pp. 85-108.

Richer, Philippe. (1965) “Doctrine Chinoise pour le Tier Monde,” Politique Étrangére,
no. 1, pp. 75-97.

__________. (1978) “Aux Origines de la Politique Chinoise en Afrique Noire (1949-

1960),” Mondes Asiatiques, no. 15 (autumn), pp. 163-181.

__________. (2008) L’Offensive Chinoise en Afrique. Paris: Karthala.

Rights and Accountability in Development. (2009) Chinese Mining Operations in

Katanga Democratic Republic of the Congo. See at http://www.raid-
uk.org/sites/default/files/drc-china-report.pdf.

Rigo, Marta. (2014) “The Africa Policy of the People’s Republic of China – Its Impact on
Nigeria and Zambia, pp. 76-92. See at
http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/11236/6.076_092_rigo.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Ríos, Xulio. (2006) “China’s Bet on Africa,” FRIDE Comment (November), pp. 1-6. See
at www.fride.org/publication/81/chinas_bet_on_africa.

__________. (2007) “La Apuesta Africana de China,” paper published by the Argentina
Center for International Studies. See at www.caei.com.ar/es/programas/africa/07.pdf.

Robinson, David Alexander. (2012) “Chinese Engagement with Africa: The Case of
Mozambique,” Portuguese Journal of International Affairs, 6 (Spring/Summer), pp. 3-15.

__________ and Benjamin Hale. (2017) “China’s Baby Steps in Africa: A Historical
Reckoning of Chinese Relations with Mozambique and Sudan until 2011,” Australasian
Review of African Studies 38 (2), pp. 34-60. See at
http://afsaap.org.au/assets/vol38no2december2017_robinson_hale_pp34-60.pdf.
 195

Robinson, Thomas W. (1969) “Peking’s Revolutionary Strategy in the Developing World:

The Failures of Success,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, 386 (November), pp. 64-77.

Rockefeller Foundation. (2008) “China’s Rising Influence in Africa: Is There Room for
CSR?” report for the 2007 conference on Business for Social Responsibility (January).
See at www.bsr.org/reports/BSR_China_Rising_Influence_in_Africa.pdf.

Roell, Peter. (2008) “China’s Role in Africa: A European Perspective,” summary of a

report presented on 11 November at the United Nations Conference Center in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. See at
www.issafrica.org/dynamic/administration/file_manager/file_links/111108CHINASEMR
EP.PDF?link_id=5391&slink_id=6955&link_type=12&slink_type=13&tmpl_id=3.

Rogers, Philippe D. (2007) “China and United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in

Africa,” Naval War College Review, 60 (2), pp. 73-93.

__________. (2008) “Dragon with a Heart of Darkness: Countering Chinese Influence in

Africa,” Joint Force Quarterly, issue 47 (4th quarter), pp. 22-27.

Roque, Paula Cristina. (2009) “China in Mozambique: A Cautious Approach,” South

African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 23 (January), pp. 1-16.

__________ and Chris Alden. (2008) “China and the UN Security Council: From
Observer to Activist,” SAIIA China in Africa Policy Briefing, no. 2 (April). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_brf_02_roque_alden_200804.pdf.

Rosen, Daniel H. and Trevor Houser. (2007) “China Energy: A Guide for the Perplexed,”
(May), pp. 1-49. See at www.iie.com/publications/papers/rosen0507.pdf.
Ross, Andrew G. (2015) “An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct
Investment in Africa,” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 8 (1),
pp. 4-19.

Ross, Elliot. (2014) “China’s Stadium Diplomacy in Africa,” Roads and Kingdoms. See
at http://roadsandkingdoms.com/2014/chinas-stadium-diplomacy-in-africa/.

Rotberg, Robert I. (ed.). (2008) China into Africa: Trade, Aid, and Influence.
Washington: Brookings Institution Press.

Rotunno, Lorenzo, Pierre-Louis Vézina and Zheng Wang. (2012) “The Rise and Fall of
(Chinese) African Apparel Exports,” Centre for the Study of African Economies Working
Paper, Oxford (August). See at www.csae.ox.ac.uk/workingpapers/pdfs/csae-wps-2012-
12.pdf.

Roughneen, Simon. (2006) “Influence Anxiety: China’s Role in Africa,” ISN Security
Watch (15 May). See at www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=1291.
 196

Rounds, Zander and Hongxiang Huang. (2017) We are Not So Different: A Comparative
Study of Employment Relations at Chinese and American Firms in Kenya. China Africa
Research Initiative working paper no. 10 (February). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/58b90dfa4402434aa
b02e633/1488522749902/SAIS-CARI_WP10_WeAreNotSoDifferent.pdf.

Roy, Denny. (1998) China’s Foreign Relations. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, Inc.

Roy, Sumit. (2014) “China and India, ‘Rising Powers’ and African Development:
Challenges and Opportunities,” The Nordic Africa Institute occasional paper (December).
See at http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2%3A768325/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Runge, Maxelle. (2016) Two African Countries, Two Strategic Chinese Aid Packages,
Two Different Outcomes. MA thesis, Leiden University. See at
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/41979/MA%20Chinesestudies
%20Thesis%20Maxelle%20Runge%202015-2016.pdf?sequence=1.

Rupiya, Martin R. (2017) China’s Soft-power Status (via UN Peacekeeping) and Its
Implications for the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). UJCI Africa-China
Occasional Paper Series, issue 1 (July). See at http://confucius-institute.joburg/wp-
content/uploads/2017/08/UJCI-Occasional-Paper-no-1-desktop.pdf.

Rupp, Stephanie. (2013) “Ghana, China and the Politics of Energy,” African Studies
Review, 56 (1), pp. 103-130.

Rutaihwa, Johansein Ladislaus and Amina Ramadhan Mkwawa. (2011) “Empirical

Analysis of China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation for Good or Bad: A Case of
Tanzania,” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,
1 (3), pp. 419-435.

Saavedra, Martha. (2009) “Representations of Africa in a Hong Kong Soap Opera: The
Limits of Enlightened Humanitarianism in ‘The Last Breakthrough,’” The China
Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 760-776.

Sachs, Michael. (2005) “China’s Leap into the Heart of the Twenty First Century,”
African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 47-56.

Saferworld. (2011) China’s Growing Role in African Peace and Security, London:
Saferworld Report (January). See at www.saferworld.org.uk/downloads/pubdocs/Chinas
%20Growing%20Role%20in%20Africa%20Peace%20and%20Security.pdf.

__________. (2012) “China and South Sudan,” series of short papers issued in August.
See at www.saferworld.org.uk/downloads/pubdocs/China-South%20Sudan%20briefing
%20English.pdf.
 197

__________. (2012) “Tackling Insecurity in the Horn of Africa: China’s Role,” Seminar
Report on 11-12 January conference in Nairobi. See at
www.saferworld.org.uk/smartweb/resources/view-resource/607.

__________. (2013) “Oil, Security and Community Engagement: A Collection of Essays

on China’s Growing Role in South Sudan,” (August), pp. 1-43.

Saffee, Ahmed. (2017) Chinese Naval Base in Djibouti: Possibilities and Implications.
Institute of Strategic Studies issue brief (30 August). See at http://issi.org.pk/wp-
content/uploads/2017/08/Final_IB_Ahmad_Saffee_dated_30-8-2017.pdf.

Sahu, Sunil K. (1977) “China’s Africa Policy: A Study of Sino-Tanzanian Relations,”

Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Journal, 10 (1), pp. 54-77.

Sakhuja, Vijay. (2009) “Maritime Multilateralism: China’s Strategy for the Indian
Ocean,” China Brief, 9 (22), pp. 12-15.

Salih, Mirghani Mohamed. (2007) “Development is the Answer,” Beijing Review, 50

(33), pp. 14-15.

Salim, Salim Ahmed. (1976) “No Strings Attached,” New China, 1 (4), pp. 27-29.

Sall, Ousmane. (2016) “Chinese Soft Power in Africa: Case of Senegal,” Open Journal of
Social Sciences, 4, pp. 133-142. See at
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/JSS_2016112515583580.pdf.

Salmon, Vivene. (2013) “Recent Trends in China-Africa Trade and Investment

Engagement: An Overview of the Critical Issues,” The Globetrotter 16 (3) July, pp. 1-5.
See at http://www.oba.org/en/pdf/sec_news_int_jul13_recenttrends_salmon.pdf.

Samy, Yiagadeesen. (2010) “China’s Aid Policies in Africa: Opportunities and

Challenges,” The Round Table, 99 (406), pp. 75-90.

Sandrey, Ron. (2006) “The African Merchandise Trading Relationship with China,”
Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 8-10.

__________. (2006) “South African Merchandise Trade with China,” TRALAC Working
Paper, no. 3 (April), pp. 1-40. See at www.tralac.org/scripts/content.php?id=5267.

__________. (2006) “The Trade and Economic Implications of the South African
Restrictions Regime on Imports of Clothing from China,” TRALAC Working Paper, no.
16 (October), pp. 1-29.
 198

__________. (2009) “The Impact of China-Africa Trade Relations: The Case of Angola,”
AERC Study (November), pp. 1-66. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-
country-cases/Angola-TradeStudy.pdf.

__________ and Hans G. Jensen. (2007) “Revisiting the South African-China Trading
Relationship,” TRALAC Working Paper, no. 6 (September), pp. 1-22. See at
www.tralac.org/pdf/20070508_Sandrey_Revisiting_China_WP6.pdf.

__________ and Taku Fundira. (2008) “South Africa and China: The Agricultural and
Fisheries Trading Relationship,” TRALAC Working Paper, no. 2 (April). See at
www.tralac.org/unique/tralac/pdf/20080409_WP2-08_Sandrey_Agric_Fish.pdf.

__________ and Hannah Edinger (2009) “The Relevance of Chinese Agricultural

Technologies for African Smallholder Farmers: Agricultural Technology Research in
China.” Centre for Chinese Studies, University of Stellenbosch (April). See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/CCS%20China%20Agricultural%20Technology
%20Research%20April%202009.pdf.

__________ and Hannah Edinger (2009) “South Africa’s Trading Environment and FTA
Prospects with China,” Pambazuka News (2 July. See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/57384.

__________. (2011) “China’s Manufacturing and Industrialization in Africa,” African

Development Bank Working Paper Series, No. 128 (May).

__________ et al. (2008) South Africa’s Way Ahead: Looking East. Stellenbosch, South
Africa, TRALAC. See at
www.tralac.org/cause_data/images/1694/ChinaIndiaBook2008_20090218.pdf.

Sandvand, Heidi. (2008) “Friends and Interests: A Comparison of Chinese and Nordic
Aid to Tanzania,” (master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Life Science), pp. 1-123.

Sandy, Edward H., Yao Jun, and Qian Yiguan. (2013) “China-Africa Cooperation-An
Outstanding Relationship Built on Mutual Respect and Common Benefits: A Review,”
International Research Journal of Social Sciences 2 (9) September, pp. 26-32. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256547168_China-Africa_Cooperation-
An_outstanding_relationship_Built_on_Mutual_Respect_and_Common_Benefits_A_Rev
iew.

Sanfilippo, Marco. (2010) “Chinese FDI to Africa: What Is the Nexus with Foreign
Economic Cooperation?” African Development Review, 22 (December supplement), pp.
599-614.

__________. (2011) “Key Features of Chinese FDI to Africa,” The China Monitor
(March), 9-11.
 199

Sangare, Zakaria Dit Zan. (2015) “Economic Impact of China’s Investments in Mali’s
Construction Sector on Mali,” Journal of International Relations and Foreign Policy 3
(2) December, pp. 27-33. See at
http://jirfp.com/journals/jirfp/Vol_3_No_2_December_2015/3.pdf.

Sanghi, Apurva and Dylan Johnson. (2016) “Deal or No Deal: Strictly Business for China
in Kenya?” World Bank policy research working paper 7614 (March). See at
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/801581468195561492/pdf/WPS7614.pdf.

Sang-Seek, Park. (1982) “African Policy of the People’s Republic of China,” Sino-Soviet
Affairs, 6 (3), pp. 87-111.

Sanogo, Abdrahamane. (2008) “Les Rélations Économique de la Chine et du Mali,”

report prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Mali.pdf.

__________. (no date) “The Impact of Sino-African Trade Relations: The Case of Mali,”
AERC Study. See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Mali-
Sino-Maliantrade.pdf.

Santi, Emanuele and Maxime Weigert. (2015) “China-Africa Co-operation beyond

Extractive Industries: The Case of Chinese Agricultural Assistance in West Africa,”
SAIIA Policy Insights no. 30 (November), pp. 1-8.

Sari, Mahdi. (2017) The Confucius Institute at Suez Canal University: A Tool in China’s
Public Diplomacy. MA thesis. Lund University. See at http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=8924607&fileOId=8924608.

Sarpong, Linda Addie. (2015) “Ghana-China Bilateral Relations (Figures of

Controversy),” Advances in Economics and Business Management, 2 (14), pp. 1438-
1442. See at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298205320_Ghana-
China_Bilateral_Relations_Figures_of_Controversy.

Sasso, Lorenzo. (2007) “New Trends in China’s Foreign Investment Strategy,” The
International Spectator, 42 (3), pp. 399-407.

Sata, Michael Chilufya. (2007) “Chinese Investment in Africa and Implications for
International Relations, Consolidation of Democracy and Respect for Human Rights: The
Case of Zambia,” paper presented to the Harvard University Committee on Human
Rights Studies (24 October). See at www.scribd.com/doc/13050037/Chinese-Investment-
in-Africa-and-Implications-for-International-Relations-Consolidation-of-Democracy-and-
Respect-for-Human-Rights-The-Case-of-Zambia.

Saunders, Phillip C. (2006) China’s Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools.
Occasional Paper 4. Washington: Institute for National Strategic Studies, National
Defense University.
 200

Sautman, Barry. (1994) “Anti-Black Racism in Post-Mao China,” The China Quarterly,
no. 158 (June), 413-437.

__________. (2013) “The Chinese Defilement Case: Racial Profiling in an African

‘Model of Democracy’,” Rutgers Race & the Law Review 14, pp. 87-134.

__________ and Yan Hairong. (2007) “Friends and Interests: China’s Distinctive Links
with Africa,” African Studies Review, 50 (3), pp. 75-114.

__________. (2008) “Fu Manchu in Africa? Distorted Portrayal of China in Africa,”

South African Labour Bulletin, 31 (5), pp. 34-38.

__________. (2008) “The Forest for the Trees: Trade, Investment and the China-in-
Africa Discourse,” Pacific Affairs, 81 (1), pp. 9-29.

__________. (2009) “African Perspectives on China-Africa Links,” The China

Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 728-759.

__________. (2010) “Trade, Investment, Power and the China-in-Africa Discourse,”

Pambazuka News, issue 464 (7 January). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/61253.

__________. (2014) “Bashing ‘the Chinese’: Contextualizing Zambia’s Collum Coal

Mine Shooting,” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (90), pp. 1073-1092.

__________. (2015) “Localizing Chinese Enterprises in Africa: From Myths to Policies,”

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Institute for Emerging Market
Studies,” No. 5 (February). See at http://iems.ust.hk/localizing-chinese-enterprises-
africa-myths-policies/.

__________. (2015) “Regimes of Truth, Localisation of Chinese Enterprises, and African

Agency,” The China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp. 60-69.

__________. (2016) “The Discourse of Racialization of Labour and Chinese Enterprises

in Africa,” Ethnic and Racial Studies. See at
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01419870.2016.1139156.

Save Darfur. (2007) “China in Sudan: Having It Both Ways,” Briefing Paper (18
October), pp. 1-6. See at
www.savedarfur.org/newsroom/policypapers/briefing_paper_china_in_sudan_having_it_
both_ways/.

Sawadogo, Wilfried Relwende. (2013) “South Sudan Secession: What Implications for
Darfur and Beijing’s Strategic Policy Options?” Issues and Studies, 49 (2), pp. 147-177.
 201

Scalapino, Robert A. (1964) “On the Trail of Chou En-lai in Africa,” Memorandum RM-
4061-PR (April). Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, pp. 1-23.

__________. (1964) “Sino-Soviet Competition in Africa,” Foreign Affairs, 42 (4), pp.

640-654.

__________. (1965) “Africa and Peking’s United Front,” Current Scene, 3 (26), pp. 1-11.

Schatten, Fritz. (1961) “Peking’s Influence in Africa,” Military Review, 41 (8), pp. 51-55.

__________. (1966) Communism in Africa. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc.

Schiere, Richard. (2009) “Impact of the Financial and Economic Crisis on China’s Trade,
Aid and Capital Inflows to Africa,” African Development Bank Development Research
Brief, no. 11 (September).

__________. (2010) “Building Complementarities in Africa between Different

Development Cooperation Modalities of Traditional Development Partners and China,”
African Development Review, 22 (December supplement), pp. 615-628.

__________. (2011) “China and Africa: An Emerging Partnership for Development? – An

Overview of Issues,” African Development Bank Working Paper Series, No. 125 (May),
pp. 1-20.

__________. (2014) “The Impact of China on the Donor Landscape in African Fragile
States,” IDS Bulletin, 45 (4), pp. 46-56.

__________ and Peter Walkenhorst. (2010) “Introduction: China’s Increasing

Engagement in Africa: Towards Stronger Trade, Investment and Development
Cooperation,” African Development Review, 22 (December Supplement), pp. 559-561.

__________, Léonce Ndikumana and Peter Walkenhorst (eds.) (2011) China and Africa:
An Emerging Partnership for Development? African Development Bank. See at
www.afdb.org/filesadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Anglaischina.pdf.

__________ and Alex Rugamba. (2011) “Chinese Infrastructure Investments and African
Integration,” African Development Bank working paper no. 127 (April), 1-12.

__________ and Alex Rugamba. (2013) “China and Regional Integration as Drivers of
Structural Transformation in Africa,” Bridges Africa, 2 (6), pp. 12-14.

Schiller, Cornelia. (2013) China and Madagascar: Engagement, Perceptions, and

Developmental Effects. PhD thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies. See at
http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18433/1/Schiller_3596.pdf.
 202

Schlegel, Andreas. (2008) “China’s African Policy: The Appeal of the Soft-power
Approach,” Academic and Applied Research in Public Management Science, 7 (4), pp.
711-719.

Schmitt, Gerald. (2007) “Is Africa Turning East? China’s New Engagement in Africa and
Its Implications on the Macro-economic Situation, the Business Environment and the
Private Sector in Africa,” unpublished paper prepared for GTZ (October). See at
www.businessenvironment.org/dyn/be/docs/160/Schmitt.pdf.

Schmitz, Cheryl Mei-ting. (2014) “Significant Others: Security and Suspicion in Chinese-
Angolan Encounters,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43 (1), pp. 41-69.

__________. (2016) “Eating Everything and Leaving Nothing”: Chinese Commerce in

Postwar Angola. PhD dissertation. UC Berkeley. See at
https://escholarship.org/content/qt45p041h4/qt45p041h4.pdf.

__________. (2018) “Performing ‘China in Africa’ for the West: Chinese Migrant
Discourses in Angola,” Asian and Pacific Migraton Journal, 27 (1) March, pp. 9-27.

Schneyder, Philippe. (1965) “Communist China and Africa,” France Eurafrique

(translated from French), 14 (161), pp. 15-20. JPRS Translations on Africa, 25 (30040)
no. 198, pp. 1-12.

Schoeman, Maxi. (2007) “China in Africa: The Rise of Hegemony?” Strategic Review
for Southern Africa, 29 (2), 74-97.

Scholvin, Sören and Georg Strüver. (2013) “Tying the Region Together or Tearing It
Apart? China and Transport Infrastructure Projects in the SADC Region,” in Monitoring
Regional Integration in Southern Africa Yearbook 2012. Trade Law Centre and Konrad-
Adenauer-Stiftung, pp. 175-193. See at http://www.paulroos.co.za/wp-
content/blogs.dir/12/files/2013/09/Final-2012-MRI-for-web_Part-2.pdf.

Schoneveld, George, Laura German, and Davison Gumbo. (2014) “The Developmental
Implications of Sino-African Economic and Political Relations: A Preliminary
Assessment for the Case of Zambia,” Center for International Forestry Research Working
Paper 33, pp. 1-37. See at
http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP133Schoneveld.pdf.

Schorn, Alistair. (2009) “The Environmental Impact of China’s Activities in Africa,” The
China Monitor (October), pp. 4-6.

Schwab, Benjamin. (2016) China and Africa – Continuing an Unequal Relationship,

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung briefing paper. See at http://www.fes-
tanzania.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/FES_Briefing_Paper_China_and_Africa_-
_Continuing_an_Unequal_Relationship__Benjamin_Schwab_.pdf.
 203

Schwarz, E.H.L. (1938) “The Chinese Connection with Africa,” Journal Royal Asiatic
Society of Bengal, 4, pp. 175-193.

Scoones, Ian, Lidia Cabral, and Henry Tugendhat. (2013) “New Development
Encounters: China and Brazil in African Agriculture,” IDS Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 1-19.

Scoones, Ian, Kojo Amanor, Arilson Favareto, and Gubo Qi. (2016) “A New Politics of
Development Cooperation? Chinese and Brazilian Engagements in African Agriculture,”
World Development, 81, pp. 1-12.

Scott, Douglas. (2012) “Do Chinese Extraction (Mining, Oil & Gas) Activities in Africa
Overlap with Areas of Conservation Value? China Monitor, issue 68 (February), pp. 11-
16.

Scott, Emma. (2013) “China Goes Global in Egypt: A Special Economic Zone in Suez,”
Centre for Chinese Studies Discussion Paper (August). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2013/08/CCS_DP_China_Goes_Global_Emma_Scott_2013_Final1.pdf.

__________. (2015) “China-Egypt Trade and Investment Ties -- Seeking a Better

Balance,” Centre for Chinese Studies Policy Briefing (June), pp. 1-4. See at
http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2015/06/CCS_PB_China_Egypt_Trade_Ties_Emma_Final_2015.pdf.

Sebastian, Rajith. (2008) “China-Africa Investments: An Analysis of China’s Investments

in Africa,” China Vest (September 17), pp. 1-7.

Seesaghur, Hans Nibshan and Ricky Dankwa Ansong. (2017) “An Overview of China’s
Expanding Role in Peacekeeping Missions in Africa,” Romanian Review of Political
Sciences and International Relations 14 (2), pp. 16-31. See at http://journal.ispri.ro/wp-
content/uploads/2017/08/16-31HansRicky_49-60Serban.qxd_.pdf.

Segal, Gerald. (1992) “China and Africa,” Annals of the American Academy of Political
and Social Science, 519 (January), pp. 115-126.

Segermark, Howard. (1977) “Sino-Soviet Intervention in Southern Africa—World

Economic Implications,” in Sino-Soviet Intervention in Africa by Roger Pearson (ed.).
Washington: Council on American Affairs, pp. 58-68.

Seifudein Adem. (2010) “The Paradox of China’s Policy in Africa,” African and Asian
Studies, 9 (3), pp. 334-355.

__________. (2012) “China in Ethiopia: Diplomacy and Economics of Sino-optimism,”

African Studies Review, 55 (1), pp. 143-160.
 204

_________. (2012) “Imperial Ethiopia’s Relations with Maoist China,” The China
Monitor, issue 1 (August), pp. 31-53.

_________. (2013) “Decoding the Discourse on China in Africa,” SSRC, paper given at
Yale University. See at http://china-africa.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Adem-
Final.pdf.

__________ (ed). (2013) China’s Diplomacy in Eastern and Southern Africa. Surrey,
England: Ashgate.

__________. (2015) “Sino-Japanese Rivalry in Africa?” Asia Pacific World 6 (2) Autmn,
pp. 90-102. See at http://www.apu.ac.jp/iaaps/uploads/fckeditor/apw/vol6/2_6_Sino-
Japanese_Rivalry_in_Africa.pdf.

__________. (2016) “Sino-optimism in Africa,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4),

December, pp. 7-16.

Seign-goura, Yorbana. (2017) “Local Issues of Chinese Direct Investment in Africa: The
Case of China National Petroleum Corporation International Chad (2006-2013),” in Rob
Van Tulder, Alain Verbeke, Jorge Carneiro, and Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez (eds.).
The Challenge of BRIC Multinationals (Progress in International Business Research,
volume 11). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 629-652.

Seka, Pierre Roche. (2008) “Relations Économiques entre la Chine et l’Afrique: Le Cas
de la Côte d’Ivoire,” AERC Study (11 March), pp. 1-26. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Chine-CotedIvoire.pdf.

Sekakela, Kedibonye. (2016) “The Impact of Trading with China on Botswana’s

Economy,” Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 9 (1), pp. 2-23.

Selim, Mohammad El-Sayed. (2008) “The Status of China Studies in Egypt,” El-Syassa
El-Dawliya, issue 174 (October). See at www.siyassa.org.eg/esiyassa/Index.asp?
CurFN=malf3.htm&DID=9722.

__________. (2013) “China’s Emerging Role in the New Arab World,” Journal of
Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 7 (4), pp. 36-56.

Semple, Bernadette M. (1992) The China-Africa Connection: Implications for United

States Foreign Policy (thesis). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School. See at
www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a256832.pdf.

Sen, Chanakya. (1964) “Chou En-Lai’s African Journey as Viewed by the Indian Press,”
Asian Survey, 4 (6), pp. 880-889.
 205

Sergeevna, Nikolaeva Kamila. (2015) “China: International Cooperation in

Environmental Protection,” Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 3, pp.
28-32.

Servant, Jean-Christophe. (2005) “China’s Trade Safari in Africa,” Le Monde

Diplomatique (May). See at http://mondediplo.com/2005/05/11chinafrica.

Shajalal, Mohon, Junfang Xu, Jun Jing, Madeleine King, Jie Zhang, Peicheng Wang,
Jennifer Bouey and Feng Cheng. (2017) “China’s Engagement with Development
Assistance for Health in Africa,” Global Health Research and Policy 2 (24). See at
https://ghrp.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41256-017-0045-8?
site=ghrp.biomedcentral.com.

Shambaugh, David. (2007) “China’s ‘Quiet Diplomacy’: The International Department of

the Communist Party,” China: An International Journal, 5 (1), pp. 26-54.

Shangwe, Muhidin J. (2017) “China’s Soft Power in Tanzania: Opportunities and

Challenges,” China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 3 (1) Spring, pp. 79-100.

Shankleman, Jill. (2011) Going Global: Chinese Oil and Mining Companies and the
Governance of Resource Wealth. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center. See at
www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Shankleman_Going%20Global.pdf.

Shanshan Lan. (2015) “State Regulation of Undocumented African Migrants in China: A

Multi-scalar Analysis,” Journal of Asian and African Studies 50 (3), pp. 289-304.

__________. (2016) “The Shifting Meanings of Race in China: A Case Study of the
African Diaspora Communities in Guangzhou,” City & Society 28 (3) December, pp.
298-318.

Shanshan Lan and Allen Hai Xiao. (2014) “Mobilités Transfrontalières et Réseaux
Transculturels de Petits Entrepreneurs Chinois et Nigérians,” Politique Africaine, no. 134,
pp. 45-67.

Shaw, Carolyn M. (2011) “China’s Impact on Human Rights in Africa,” Teka Kom.
Politol. Stos. Miedzynar, 6, pp. 22-40. See at http://www.pan-
ol.lublin.pl/wydawnictwa/TPol6/Shaw.pdf.

Shaw, Timothy M., Andrew F. Cooper and Agata Antkiewicz. (2007) “Global and/or
Regional Development at the Start of the 21st Century? China, India and (South) Africa,”
Third World Quarterly, 28 (7), pp. 1255-1270.

Shaxson, Nicholas. (2007) Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
 206

Shelton, Clifford A. (2005) China and Africa: Understanding the Growing Trade and
Investment Relationship. Washington: The Corporate Council on Africa, pp. 1-24.

Shelton, Garth. (2001) “China and Africa: Building an Economic Partnership,” South
African Journal of International Affairs, 8 (2), pp. 111-119.

__________. (2004) “Trading with the Dragon: Prospects for a China-South Africa
FTA,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 11 (2), pp. 59-71.

__________. (2005) “China, Africa and South Africa Advancing South-South Co-
operation,” unpublished paper presented at a conference in Buenos Aires in June. See at
http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sursur/politics/Shelton.rtf.

__________. (2010) “China: Transport Network Partner for African Regional

Integration?” The China Monitor (March), pp.4-9.

__________. (2016) “The FOCAC Process and Sino-African Strategic Partnership,”

China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 2 (2), pp. 259-276.

__________ and Claude Kabemba. (2012) Win-Win Partnership? China, Southern Africa
and the Extractive Industries. Johannesburg: Southern Africa Resource Watch. See at
www.osisa.org/sites/default/files/china-africa_web_sarw_0.pdf.

__________ and Farhana Paruk. (2008) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: A

Strategic Opportunity,” ISS Monograph Series, no. 156 (December). See at
www.issafrica.org.

Shelton, Garth, Yazini April, and Li Anshan. (2015) FOCAC 2015: A New Beginning of
China-Africa Relations. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.

Shen, Gordon C. and Victoria Y. Fan. (2014) “China’s Provincial Diplomacy to Africa:
Applications to Health Cooperation,” Contemporary Politics, 20 (2), pp. 182-208.

Shen, Simon. (2009) “A Constructed (Un)reality on China’s Re-Entry into Africa: The
Chinese Online Community Perception of Africa (2006-2008),” The Journal of Modern
African Studies, 47 (3), pp. 425-428

__________ and Ian Taylor. (2012) “Ugandan Youths’ Perceptions of Relations with
China,” Asian Perspective, 36 (4), pp. 693-723.

Shen Zhixiong. (2014) “On China’s Military Diplomacy in Africa,” Global Review
(spring). See at http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1702.

Sheng Ding. (2008) “To Build a ‘Harmonious World’: China’s Soft Power Wielding in
the Global South,” Journal of Chinese Political Science, 13 (2), 193-213.
 207

Sherbourne, Robin. (2005) “Comrades and Capitalists: The Growing Presence of China
in the Namibian Economy and Its Possible Economic and Political Implication,” paper
commissioned by the Namibia Office of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (August). See at
www.fesnam.org/pdf/pre2006/reports_publication/Comrades_Capitalists_Sherbourne200
5.pdf.

Shesterinina, Anastasia. (2016) “Evolving Norms of Protection: China, Libya and the
Problem of Intervention in Armed Conflict,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs
29 (3), pp. 812-830.

Shi Xuefei. (2016) “Provincial Chinese Actors in Africa: The Case of Sichuan in
Uganda,” China Africa Research Initiative policy brief no. 15 (July). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/5832ad5915d5db9b
b623773a/1479716185602/Xuefei+v.6.pdf.

Shichor, Yitzhak. (1979) The Middle East in China’s Foreign Policy 1949-1977.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

__________. (1982) “In Search of Alternatives: China’s Middle East Policy after Sadat,”
Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 8, pp. 101-110.

__________. (1992) “China and the Middle East since Tiananmen,” Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, 519 (January), pp. 86-100.

__________. (2000) “Mountains Out of Molehills: Arms Transfers in Sino-Middle

Eastern Relations,” Middle East Review of International Affairs Journal, 4 (3). See at
http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2000/issue3/jv4n3a6.html.

__________. (2005) “Sudan: China’s Outpost in Africa,” China Brief, 5 (21), pp. 9-11.

__________. (2007) “China’s Darfur Policy,” China Brief, 7 (7), pp. 5-8.

__________. (2009) “China’s Middle East Strategy: In Search of Wells and Power,” in
China, the Developing World, and the New Global Dynamic, ed. Lowell Dittmer and
George T. Yu (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner), pp. 157-176.

__________. (2009) “Libya Cautions China: Economics Is No Substitute to Politics,”

China Brief, 9 (24), pp. 5-7.

__________. (2010) “Influence sans Ingérence: Les Relations de la Chine avec le

Soudan,” Les Temps Modernes, no. 657 (January/March), pp. 52-72. See at
https://www.cairn.info/revue-les-temps-modernes-2010-1-page-52.htm.

Shinde, B.E. (1978) “China and Afro-Asian Solidarity 1955-65: A Study of China’s
Policy and Diplomacy (I),” China Report, 14 (2), pp. 48-71.
 208

__________. (1978 “China and Afro-Asian Solidarity 1955-65: A Study of China’s

Policy and Diplomacy (II),” China Report, 14 (3), pp. 51-68.

Shikwati, James (ed.). (2012) China-Africa Partnership: The Quest for a Win-win
Relationship. Nairobi: Inter Region Economic Network.

Shinn, David H. (2005) “China’s Approach to East, North and the Horn of Africa,”
Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission 21 July,
pp. 1-14. See at
www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_07_22wrts/shinn_david_w
rts.php.

__________. (2006) “Africa, China and Health Care,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4
(October/December), pp. 14-16.

__________. (2006) “The China Factor in African Ethics,” Policy Innovations (21
December). See at
www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/commentary/data/ChinaAfricaEthics.

__________. (2006) “China, Africa, and the United States: Health Care Cooperation,”
Washington Journal of Modern China, 8 (1), pp. 54-64.

__________. (2007) “Africa, China, the United States, and Oil,” Online Africa Policy
Forum, (8 May). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa?p=34.

__________. (2007) “An Opportunistic Ally: China’s Increasing Involvement in Africa,”

Harvard International Review, 29 (2), pp. 52-56.

__________. (2008) “China-Africa Relations: A Bibliography,” African Research and

Documentation, no. 108, pp. 3-87.

__________. (2009) “China’s Engagement in Africa,” in U.S. Africa Policy beyond the
Bush Years, Jennifer G. Cooke and J. Stephen Morrison (eds.). Washington: Center for
Strategic and International Studies.

__________. (2009) “Africa: The United States and China Court the Continent,” Journal
of International Affairs, 62 (2), pp. 37-53.

__________. (2009) “China and the Conflict in Darfur,” The Brown Journal of World
Affairs, 16 (1), 85-100.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Involvement in African Conflict Zones,” China Brief, 9

(7), pp. 7-10.

__________. (2011) “The Impact of China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” The

European Financial Review (April-May), pp. 16-19.
 209

__________. (2011) “North African Revolutions and Protests Challenge Chinese

Diplomacy,” China Brief, 11 (6), pp. 2-5.

__________. (2013) “China in Africa: Savior or Self-interest?” Great Decisions 2013.

New York: Foreign Policy Association.

__________. (2014) “Ethiopia and China: Two Former Empires Connect in the 20th
Century,” in Africa’s Growing Role in World Politics ed. by Tatiana Deych et. al.
Moscow: Institute of African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 187-199. Also
available in the International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 8 (1 & 2), 2014, pp. 149-164.

__________. (2015) “FOCAC: The Evolving China-Africa Security Relationship,” The

China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp. 6-13.

__________. (2015) “China’s Growing Security Relationship with Africa: For Whose
Benefit?” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 3/4 (December), 124-143.

__________. (2016) “Extended Ground for U.S.-China Competition? Comparing

China’s and the U.S.’ Engagement with Africa,” China Quarterly of International
Strategic Studies, 2 (1), pp. 35-55.

__________. (2016) “Africa: China’s Laboratory for Third World Security Cooperation,”
China Brief, 14 (11), pp. 12-15.

__________. (2016) “The Environmental Impact of China’s Investment in Africa,”

Cornell International Law Journal, 49 (1) (winter), pp. 25-67.

__________. (2017) “China’s Power Projection in the Western Indian Ocean,” China
Brief, 17 (6). See at https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-power-projection-western-
indian-ocean/.

__________ and Joshua Eisenman. (2005) “Dueling Priorities for Beijing in the Horn of
Africa,” China Brief, 5 (21), pp. 6-9.

__________. (2008) “Responding to China in Africa,” American Foreign Policy Council.

See at www.afpc.org/publication_listings/viewPolicyPaper/236.

__________. (2012) China and Africa: A Century of Engagement. Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania Press.

Shu Yunguo. (2010) “China’s Aid to Africa: History, Theory and Features,” Journal of
Shanghai Normal University (Philosophy & Social Sciences) issue 5, pp. 83-89.

Shuaihua Cheng and Guoyong Liang. (2011) “Social Responsibility of Chinese

Investment in Africa: What Does It Mean for EU-China Cooperation on Development
 210

Policy towards Africa?” Trade Negotiation Insights, 10 (3). See at

www.ictsd.org/i/china/105753/.

Shuang Lin, Liangmin Gao, Melissa Reyes, Feng Cheng, Joan Kaufman, and Wafaa M.
El-Sadr. (2016) “China’s Health Assistance to Africa: Opportunism or Altruism?”
Globalization and Health, 12 (83). See at
https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-016-0217-1.

Shubo Li. (2017) “Covering Ebola: A Comparative Analysis of CCTV Africa’s Talk
Africa and Al Jazeera English’s Inside Story,” Journal of African Cultural Studies, 29 (1),
pp. 114-130.

__________. (2017) Mediatized China-Africa Relations: How Media Discourses

Negotiate the Shifting of Global Order. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Shubo Li and Helge Rønning. (2013) “Half-orchestrated, Half Freestyle: Soft Power and
Reporting Africa in China,” Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 34 (3), pp. 102-
124.

__________. (2013) “China in Africa: Soft Power, Media Perceptions and a Pan-
Developing Identity,” Chr. Michelsen Institute Report 2013:2.

Sicurelli, Daniela. (2010) Competing Models of Peacekeeping. The Role of the EU and
China in Africa. Paper prepared for the Fifth Pan-European Conference on EU Politics in
Porto, Portugal. See at https://www.jhubc.it/ecpr-porto/virtualpaperroom/108.pdf.

Sidiropoulos, Elizabeth. (2006) “China and Africa: Into Africa,” The World Today, 62
(10), pp. 7-8.

__________. (2006) “Options for the Lion in the Age of the Dragon,” South African
Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 97-114.

Sigalla, Huruma Luhuvilo. (2014) “Changing Trends in the Tanzania-China Relationship:

A Sociological Inquiry into the Mixed Perceptions of the Tanzania-China Relationship on
the Eve of Globalization,” Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie 39 (1) March, pp.
61-78.

Sillah, Bukhari M.S. and Mohammed E. Jammeh. (2007) “China Africa Economic
Relations: The Gambia,” AERC Study (September), pp. 1-28. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/Gambia-China.pdf.

Simbao, Ruth. (2012) “China-Africa Relations: Research Approaches,” African Arts, 45

(2), Summer, pp. 1 & 4-7.

Simmons, Robert. (1970) “Peking/Africa,” Africa Report, 15 (9), pp. 8-9.

 211

Simpfendorfer, Ben. (2009) The New Silk Road: How a Rising Arab World Is Turning
Away from the West and Rediscovering China. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK:
Palgrave Macmillan.

Sindzingre, Alice Nicole. (2011) The Rise of China in Sub-Saharan Africa: Its
Ambiguous Economic Impacts. 4ème Congrès du Réseau Asie et Pacifique. See at
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00636022/document.

__________. (2014) “China’s Relationships with Sub-Saharan Africa: Despite

Convergence with Industrialized Countries, Drivers of Structural Transformation?” in
Africa’s Growing Role in World Politics ed. by Tatiana Deych et. al. Moscow: Institute of
African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 209-232.

__________. (2016) “Fostering Structural Change? China’s Divergence and Convergence

with Africa’s Other Trade and Investment Partners,” African Review of Economics and
Finance, 8 (1), pp. 12-44.

Singh, Abhijit. (2015) “China’s ‘Maritime Bases’ in the IOR: A Chronicle of Dominance
Foretold,” Strategic Analysis, 39 (3), pp. 293-297.

Singh, Antara Ghosal. (2015) Evolving Dynamics of China-Africa Strategic Ties,

National Maritime Foundation paper (3 July). See at http://www.maritimeindia.org/View
%20Profile/635714853289931452.pdf.

Singh, Antara Ghosal. (2016) “India, China and the US: Strategic Convergence in the
Indo-Pacific,” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 12 (2), pp. 161-176.

Singh, Swaran. (1997) “Sino-South African Relations: Coming Full Circle,” African
Security Review, 6 (2). See at www.issafrica.org/pubs/ASR/6No2/Singh.html.

__________. (2000) “Sino-South African Engagement: Legacies and Linkages,” African

Currents, 18 (30), pp. 1-25.

__________. (2011) “China’s Forays into the Indian Ocean: Strategic Implications for
India,” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 7 (2), pp. 235-248.

Sinkala, Muchemwa and Weidi Zhou. (2014) “Chinese FDI and Employment Creation in
Zambia,” Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 5 (23), pp. 39-43. See at
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.838.1618&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

SinoAfrica Centre of Excellence Foundation. (2015) Business Perception Index Kenya –

2014: Chinese Companies’ Perception Survey of Doing Business in Kenya 2014. See at
http://fahamu.org/resources/SACEFoundation_BPIKenya2014_FullReport.pdf.
 212

Sircar, Parbati K. (1978) “The Great Uhuru (Freedom) Railway: China’s Link to Africa,”
China Report, 14 (2), pp. 15-24.

Siu, Helen F. and Mike McGovern. (2017) “China-Africa Encounters: Historical Legacies
and Contemporary Realities,” Annual Review of Anthropology 46, pp. 421-445.

Siyuan Li. (2017) China’s Confucius Institute in the Discourse of Power in International
Relations: A Case Study of the Confucius Institute in Africa. PhD thesis, University of
Leeds. See at http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17728/.

S.K.G. (1965) “China in Africa – I,” Africa Quarterly (January-March), pp. 224-228.

Slabbert, Andre and Wilfred I. Ukpere (2011) “A Comparative Analysis of the Chinese
and South African Work Ethic,” International Journal of Social Economics 38 (8), pp.
734-741.

Slawecki, Leon M.S. (1963) “The Two Chinas in Africa,” Foreign Affairs, 41 (2), pp.
398-409.

__________. (1971) French Policy towards the Chinese in Madagascar. Hamden, CN:
The Shoe String Press, Inc.

Smaldone, Joseph P. (1980) “Soviet and Chinese Military Aid and Arms Transfers to
Africa: A Contextual Analysis” in Soviet and Chinese Aid to African Nations by Warren
Weinstein and Thomas H. Henriksen (eds.). New York: Praeger, pp. 76-116.

Small Arms Survey. (2007) “Arms, Oil, and Darfur: The Evolution of Relations between
China and Sudan,” Sudan Issue Brief, no. 7 (July), pp. 1-11. See at
www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/portal/spotlight/sudan/Sudan_pdf/SIB
%207%20Arms.pdf.

__________. (2007) “The Militarization of Sudan: A Preliminary Review of Arms Flows

and Holdings,” Sudan Issue Brief, no. 6 (April), pp. 1-12. See at
www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/portal/spotlight/sudan/Sudan_pdf/SIB
%206%20militarization.pdf.

__________. (2007) Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City. See at
www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/yearb2007.html.

Smertin, Yuri. (2014) “China and Africa: Mutual Interest,” in Africa’s Growing Role in
World Politics ed. by Tatiana Deych et. al. Moscow: Institute of African Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences, pp. 233-238.

Smidt, Wolbert. (2003) “China’s Modern Relations with Ethiopia,” in Encyclopaedia

Aethiopica, vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 715-717.
 213

Smit, P. (1972) “The U.S.A., the Soviet Union and Communist China in Africa,” South
African Journal of African Affairs, vol. 2, pp. 1-18.

Smith-Windsor, Brooke and Alexander Moens. (2016) “NATO and China in Africa,”
Friends of Europe analysis (25 October). See at http://www.friendsofeurope.org/security-
europe/nato-china-africa/.

Snow, Philip. (1988) The Star Raft: China’s Encounter with Africa. New York:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

__________. (1994) “China and Africa: Consensus and Camouflage” in Chinese Foreign
Policy: Theory and Practice by Thomas W. Robinson and David Shambaugh (eds.).
Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 283-321.

Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo. (2008) “Chinese Oil Companies in Africa: Very Different or
More of the Same?” unpublished paper. See at www.kieas.keio.ac.jp/admin/img-
X29141836.pdf.

Sodalo, Lisa. (2011) “China in Cameroon’s Construction Sector: Towards Enforcement of

Higher Labour Standards than Local Regulations,” The China Monitor (May), pp. 8-11.

Sofiani, Lily. (2013) China’s Presence in Rwanda and Africa, through the Lens of the
Product Life Cycle Theory. MA thesis, UCLA. See at
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m1894c5#page-1.

Sofinsky, V. and A. Khazanov. (1978) “PRC Policy in Tropical Africa (1960s-1970s),”

Far Eastern Affairs, no. 3, pp. 72-83.

Sokinda, Sanjive. (2015) India’s Strategy for Countering China’s Increased Influence in
the Indian Ocean. Indo-Pacific Strategic Papers (October). See at
http://www.defence.gov.au/ADC/Publications/IndoPac/Sokinda_IPS_Paper.pdf.

Somerville, Keith. (1990) Foreign Military Intervention in Africa. New York: St. Martin’s
Press.

Song, Wei. (2015) “Seeking New Allies in Africa: China’s Policy towards Africa during
the Cold War as Reflected in the Construction of the Tanzania-Zamia Railway,” Journal
of Modern Chinese History, 9 (1), pp. 46-65.

Songwe, Vera and Nelipher Moyo. (2012) “China-Africa Relations: Defining New Terms
of Engagement,” in Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2012.
Washington, Brookings Institution, pp. 3-5.

Soudan, François. (2008) “Chine: Le Grand Bond vers l’Afrique,” Jeune Afrique, no.
2479 (13-19 July), pp. 20-25.
 214

Soulé-Kohndou, Folashadé, (2016) “Passive Agents? Bureaucratic Agency in Africa-

China Negotiations: A Case Study of Benin,” LSE Global South Unit working paper no.
3/2016. See at
http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalRelations/centresandunits/globalsouth/documents/LSE-
GSU-Working-Papers/working%20papers/LSE-Working-Paper-FSoulekohndou.pdf.

Soumaré, Issouf, Gaston Gohou and Hughes Kouadio. (2016) “Comparative Study of the
Characteristics of FDI from China to Africa Versus Developed Countries,” Transnational
Corporations Review, 8 (3), pp. 165-177.

Southern African Regional Poverty Network. (2005) “Forestry in Zambezia: Chinese

Takeaway,” (19 June). See at www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001753/index.php.

Spiegel, Samuel J. and Philippe le Billon. (2009) “China’s Weapons Trade: From Ships of
Shame to the Ethics of Global Resistance,” International Affairs, 85 (2), pp. 323-346.

Spies, J.J. (2006) “South Africa’s Experience with Regard to China as a Strategic
Partner,” unpublished paper presented at a conference in South Africa 16-17 October
hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-4. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Spies_SouthAfrica.pdf.

Spinetta, Lawrence. (2006) “Cutting China’s ‘String of Pearls’,” U.S. Naval Institute
Proceedings, 132 (10), pp. 40-42.

Sprance, William R. (2007) “The Strategic Implications of China’s Activity in Sub-

Saharan Africa and AFRICOM’s Role in the U.S. Response,” unpublished paper for the
Joint Forces Staff College, pp. 1-16. See at
www.jfsc.ndu.edu/current_students/documents_policies/documents/jca_cca_awsp/The_St
rategic_Implications_of_Chinas_Activity_in_Sub-
Saharan_Africa_and_AFRICOMS_Role_in_the_US_Response.doc.

Srinivasan, Sharath. (2008) “A ‘Rising Great Power’ Embraces Africa: Nigeria-China

Relations,” in Gulliver’s Troubles: Nigeria’s Foreign Policy after the Cold War, eds.
Adekeye Adebajo and Abdul Raufu Mustapha (Scottsville, South Africa: University of
KwaZulu-Natal Press), 334-366.

Stahl, Anna Katharina. (2011) “The EU’s Policy Response to China’s Resource
Diplomacy in Africa,” EU-China Observer, issue 4, pp. 16-22.

__________. (2015) “China’s New Silk Road Diplomacy: Implications for China’s
Relations with Europe and Africa,” EU-China Observer, no.1, pp. 16-19.

__________. (2016) “China’s Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa,” Instituto Affari

Internazionali Working Papers 16 (September). See at
http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1622.pdf.
 215

__________. (2016) A Changing World Order: China’s Rise in Africa. Essay published
by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, 29 December. See at
http://www.aicgs.org/publication/transatlantic-relations-in-a-changing-world-order/.

__________. (2018) EU-China-Africa Trilateral Relations in a Multipolar World: Hic

Sunt Dracones. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stähle, Stefan. (2006) China’s Participation in the United Nations Peacekeeping Regime.
Master’s thesis, George Washington University.

__________. (2008) “China’s Shifting Attitude towards United Nations Peacekeeping

Operations,” The China Quarterly, 195 (September), pp. 631-655.

__________. (2008) “Towards China’s Integration into the Aid Donor Architecture:
Learning from Chinese Participation in International Regimes,” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp.
130-163.

Stambach, Amy and Aikande Kwayu. (2017) “Confucius Institutes in Africa, Or How the
Educational Spirit in Africa is Re-Rationalised Towards the East, Journal of Southern
African Studies, 43 (2), pp. 411-424.

Standard Chartered Bank. (2012) “China-Africa – Agricultural Potential,” Global

Research (2 May), pp. 1-5.

Stanley Foundation and Aspen Atlantic Group. (2007) “Africa at Risk or Rising? The
Role of Europe, North America, and China on the Continent,” Policy Dialogue Brief, pp.
1-16.

Starner, Frances L. (1965) “Algerian Fiasco,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 49 (3), pp.
133-134 and 147.

Steiner, H. Arthur. (1961) “Communist China in the World Community,” International

Conciliation, no. 533 (May), pp. 389-454.

Steinhilber, Jochen. (2006) “China: A New Actor in the Middle East and North Africa
Region?” Dialogue on Globalization Occasional Paper, no. 24 (August), Friedrich Ebert
Stiftung, pp. 1-22. See at http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/03917.pdf.

Stephan, Harry, Michael Power Angus Fane Hervey, and Raymond Steenkamp Fonseca.
(2006). The Scramble for Africa in the 21st Century: A View from the South. Cape Town:
Renaissance Press.

Sterley, Carla. (2014) The Political Economy of China’s Oil Strategy in Africa. MA
Dissertation, University of Witwatersrand. See at
http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/14826/4/The%20Political
 216

%20Economy%20of%20China's%20Oil%20Strategy%20in%20Africa%20by%20Carla
%20Sterley.pdf.

Sterling, Claire. (1964) “Chou En-lai and the Watusi,” The Reporter, 30 (6), pp. 22-24.

Stone, Richard. (2017) “U.S.-China Mission Rushes Bomb-grade Nuclear Fuel Out of
Africa,” Science Magazine (31 August). See at
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/us-china-mission-rushes-bomb-grade-nuclear-
fuel-out-africa.

Strange, Austin et. al. (2013) “China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based
Approach to Data Collection,” Center for Global Development working paper 323
(April), pp. 1-64. See at http://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/chinese-development-
finance-africa.pdf.

__________. (2014) “Tracking Under-Reported Financial Flows: China’s Development

Finance and the Aid-Conflict Nexus Revisited,” University of Heidelberg Department of
Economics Discussion Paper Series no. 553 (January). See at
http://china.aiddata.org/aid_conflict_nexus.

Strauss, Julia C. (2009). “The Past in the Present: Historical and Rhetorical Lineages in
China’s Relations with Africa,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 777-795.

__________. (2013) “China and Africa Rebooted: Globalization(s), Simplification(s),

and Cross-cutting Dynamics in ‘South-South’ Relations,” African Studies Review, 56 (1),
pp. 155-170.

__________ and Martha Saavedra. (2009) “Introduction: China, Africa and

Internationalization,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 551-562.

Su, Alice. (2016) “China’s Business and Politics in South Sudan: Letter from Juba,”
Foreign Affairs (6 June). See at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/south-
sudan/2016-06-06/chinas-business-and-politics-south-sudan.

Su Ming. (2008) “Adapting to Trends and Enhancing Mutual Trust to Increase Sino-
African Cooperation and Communication on Forestry,” power point presentation. See at
www.forest-trends.org/documents/meetings/beijing_2008_June/20_Su
%20Ming_Eng.ppt.

Sudan Divestment Task Force. (2007) “PetroChina, CNPC, and Sudan: Perpetuating
Genocide,” (15 April), pp. 1-25. See at
www.sudandivestment.org/docs/petrochina_cnpc_sudan.pdf.

Suisheng Zhao. (2014) “A Neo-Colonialist Predator or Development Partner? China’s

Engagement and Rebalance in Africa,” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (90), pp.
1033-1052.
 217

Suliman, Kabbashi M. and Ahmed A.A. Badawi. (2010) “An Assessment of the Impact of
China’s Investment in Sudan,” AERC Study. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Sudan-China-FDI-
relations.pdf.

Sullivan, Michael J. (1994) “The 1988-89 Nanjing Anti-African Protests: Racial

Nationalism or National Racism?” The China Quarterly, no. 138 (June), pp. 438-457.

Sumata, Claude and Théophile Dzaka-Kikouta. (2013) “The Determinants of China’s

Foreign Direct Investment in Central Africa: Evidence from the Republic of Congo and
DRC,” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 2 (June), pp. 15-38.

Sun Chao. (2007) “The Current Situation of Darfur and the Likely Trend of Future
Development,” International Strategic Studies, issue 3 (July), pp. 59-64.

Sun Degan. (2018) “China’s Soft Military Presence in the Middle East,” Dirasat, 31
(January). See at
https://kfcris.com/pdf/07b46fba22562acf20bb92fb68f5ea5c5aaa11036d535.pdf.

Sun, Degang and Yahia Zoubir. (2014) “China-Arab States Strategic Partnership: Myth or
Reality?” Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) 8 (3), pp. 70-101. See
at
http://mideast.shisu.edu.cn/_upload/article/c6/74/e0f32e604ae798f68665af714073/4f6ede
d7-0572-400e-aa64-79b698c7723e.pdf.

__________. (2018) “China’s Participation in Conflict Resolution in the Middle East and
North Africa: A Case of Quasi-Mediation Diplomacy?” Journal of Contemporary China,
27 (110), pp. 224-243.

Sun, Helen Lei. (2011) “Understanding China’s Agricultural Investments in Africa,”

SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 102 (November), pp. 1-28. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_102_sun_20111129.pd
f.

Sun, Irene Yuan. (2017) “The World’s Next Great Manufacturing Center,” Harvard
Business Review, May-June. See at https://hbr.org/2017/05/the-worlds-next-great-
manufacturing-center.

Sun, Irene Yuan. (2017) The Next Factory of the World: How Chinese Investment Is
Reshaping Africa. Boston: Harvard Business review Press.

Sun, Irene Yuan, Kartik Jayaram, and Omid Kassiri. (2017) Dance of the Lions and
Dragons: How Are Africa and China Engaging, and How Will the Partnership Evolve?
McKinsey & Company (June).
 218

Sun, Irene Yuan and Qi Lin. (2017) Creating a Market for Skills Transfer: A Case Study
of AVIC International’s Skills Transfer Programs in Kenya. Johns Hopkins School of
Advanced International Studies China-Africa Research Initiative working paper no. 14
(September). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/59c16bdd32601e60
7092429a/1505848312981/irene+v2.pdf.

Sun Qiaocheng. (2000) “Sino-African Relationship at the Turn of the Century,”

International Studies, issue 15-17, pp. 19-34.

Sun, Tom and Alex Payette. (2017) “China’s Two Ocean Strategy: Controlling Waterways
and the New Silk Road,” Asia Focus, no. 31 (May). See at http://www.iris-
france.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Asia-Focus-31.pdf.

Suri Gopal. (2016) China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Old String with New
Pearls? Vivekananda International Foundation occasional paper. See at
http://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/china-s-21st-century-maritime-silk-road-old-
string-with-new-pearls.pdf.

Sutherland, Ewan. (2016)”China and Africa: Alternative Telecommunications Policies

and Practices,” The African Journal of Information and Communication, 17, pp. 165-195.
See at http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/21624/AJIC-Issue-17-2016-
Sutherland.pdf?sequence=3.

Sutter, Robert G. (1978) Chinese Foreign Policy after the Cultural Revolution, 1966-
1977. Boulder: Westview Press.

__________. (2008) Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War.
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Sutyrin, Sergey F. and Vladimir N. Kovalenko. (2013) “Trends and Prospects of

Economic Cooperation between China and Africa,” The Maghreb Review, 38 (1), pp. 51-
84.

Sverdrup-Thygeson, Bjørnar. (2017) “The Chinese Story: Historical Narratives As a Tool

in China’s Africa Policy,” International Politics, 54 (1), pp. 54-72.

Swan, James. (2007) “Africa-China Relations: The View from Washington,” remarks
made at Columbia University in New York on 9 February. See at
www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/80453.htm.

__________. (2007) “China and the U.S. in Regional and Global Relations: Panel
Discussion on Becoming a Stakeholder: China in International Affairs,” remarks made at
Columbia University’s Third Annual China Symposium in New York on 20 April. See at
www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/83474.htm.
 219

__________. (2007) “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United
States,” remarks made at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington
on 8 February. See at www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/80288.htm.

__________. (2007) “Civil War and Genocide in Darfur: Chinese and Saharan
Dimensions,” remarks made at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington on 3
May. See at www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/84401.htm.

__________. (2008) “China-Africa Relations and the Global Village: Diplomatic

Perspective,” remarks made at Howard University in Washington on 1 April. See at
www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/2008/102946.htm.

Swedlund, Haley J. (2017) “Is China Eroding the Bargaining Power of Traditional
Donors in Africa?” International Affairs, 93 (2), March, pp. 389-408.

Sy, Amadou. (2015) What Do We Know about the Chinese Land Grab in Africa?
Brookings Africa in Focus (5 November). See at https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-
in-focus/2015/11/05/what-do-we-know-about-the-chinese-land-grab-in-africa/.

Sylvanus, Nina. (2007) “‘Chinese Devils’? Perceptions of the Chinese in Lome’s Central
Market,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3. See at www.globalization-
africa.org/papers/82.pdf.

__________. (2009) “Commerçantes Togolaises et Diables Chinois. Une Approche par la

Rumeur,” Politique Africaine, 113 (March), pp. 55-70.

__________. (2013) “Chinese Devils, the Global Market, and the Declining Power of
Togo’s Nana-Benzes,” African Studies Review, 56 (1), pp. 65-80.

Tabo, Symphorien Ndang, Christian Nadjiarabeye Beassoum and Thierry Mamadou

Asngar. (2008) “Les Relations entre la Chine et l’Afrique Subsaharienne: Cas du Tchad,”
AERC Study (7 January), pp. 14. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/asian_drivers_working_papers/CHAD-china.pdf.

Tadros, Elizabeth. (2012/2013) “Beyond Fuelling the Dragon: Examining China’s

Foreign Policy in Sudan from a Constructivist Perspective,” Journal of Politics &
International Studies 8 (Winter), pp. 84-123. See at
http://www.polis.leeds.ac.uk/assets/files/students/student-journal/ug-winter-12/130213-
win12-elizabeth-tadros-3.pdf.

Taling, Tene Rodrigue and Yao Jiaojiao. (2017) “Kungfu Movies as Driver of China-
Africa Cultural Exchanges: Case Study of Cameroon,” International Journal of African
and Asian Studies 36, pp. 45-54. See at
http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JAAS/article/view/37845/38928.

Tambo, Ernest, et al. (2016) “China-Africa Health Development Initiatives: Benefits and
Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidence-informed National Health Policies and
 220

Programs in Sub-saharan African Countries,” International Journal of MCH and AIDS, 5

(2), pp. 119-133. See at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187644/.

Tang, James T.H. (2009) “The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Africa: Can China Make
a Difference?” power point prepared for the Institute of Development Studies at the
University of Sussex (20 March). See at
www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/0320_china_financial_crisis/0320_china_
financial_crisis_remarks.pdf.

Tang Lixia, Li Xiaoyun, and Qi Gubo. (2014) “China’s Agricultural Aid to Africa—
Evolvement and Efficiency of Management Pattern,” China International Studies
(May/June), pp. 133-146.

Tang, Peter S.H. (1960) Communist China as a Developmental Model for

Underdeveloped Countries. Washington: The Research Institute on the Sino-Soviet Bloc.

Tang Xiaoyang. (2014) “The Impact of Asian Investment on Africa’s Textile Industries,”
paper published by the Center for Global Policy at Carnegie-Tsinghua. See at
http://carnegietsinghua.org/2014/08/05/impact-of-asian-investment-on-africa-s-textile-
industries/hjwx#.

__________. (2015) “Assessing the Impact of Chinese Investment on Southeast Africa’s

Cotton: Moving Up the Value Chain?” China Africa Research Initiative at Johns Hopkins
University Policy Brief no. 6 (February), pp. 1-5.

__________. (2016) “Does Chinese Employment Benefit Africans? Investigating

Chinese Enterprises and Their Operations in Africa,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4),
December, pp. 107-128.

__________. (2016) Chinese Investment in Ghana’s Manufacturing Sector, China Africa

Research Initiative, working paper 8 (December). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/5890c8949f7456cd3
4ce43f7/1485883542741/ghana+v6.pdf.

Tang Xiaoyang and Irene Yuan Sun. (2016) “Social Responsibility or Development
Responsibility? What is the Environmental Impact of Chinese Investments in Africa:
What are its Drivers, and What are the Possibilities for Action,” Cornell International
Law Journal, 49 (1) (winter), pp. 69-99.

Tan-Mullins, May (2015) “Policy Meets Practice: Chinese Environmental Protection in

Africa in the Wake of FOCAC VI,” The China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp.
50-59.

Tan-Mullins, May, Giles Mohan, and Marcus Power. (2010) “Redefining ‘Aid’ in the
China-Africa Context,” Development and Change, 41 (5), September, pp. 857-881.
 221

Tan-Mullins, May and Giles Mohan. (2013) “The Potential of Corporate Environmental
Responsibility of Chinese State-owned Enterprises in Africa,” Environment,
Development and Sustainability 15 (2) April, pp. 265-284.

Tan-Mullins, May, Frauke Urban, and Grace Mang. (2017) “Evaluating the Behaviour of
Chinese Stakeholders Engaged in Large Hydropower Projects in Asia and Africa,” The
China Quarterly 230 (June), pp. 464-488. See at
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/evaluating-the-
behaviour-of-chinese-stakeholders-engaged-in-large-hydropower-projects-in-asia-and-
africa/975F4CBDBCC0F4A6A04660C03F777353/core-reader.

Tarrósy, István. (2012) “Two Giants on the Same Soil: A Closer Look at Afro-Asian
Relations via Comparing Chinese and Japanese Involvement in Tanzania,” Portuguese
Journal of International Affairs, No. 6 (Spring/Summer), pp. 52-63.

Taylor, Edmond. (1959) “The Chinese Invasion of North Africa,” The Reporter, 21 (4),
pp. 31-33 and 36.

__________. (1965) “French Africa,” The Reporter, 32 (6), pp. 29-31.

Taylor, George E. (1966) “Lin Piao and the Third World,” The Virginia Quarterly Review,
42 (1), 1-11.

Taylor, Ian. (1997) “The ‘Captive States’ of Southern Africa and China: The PRC and
Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland,” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative
Politics, 35 (2), pp. 75-95.

__________. (1997) “China and SWAPO: The Role of the People’s Republic in
Namibia’s Liberation and Post-independence Relations,” South African Journal of
International Affairs, 5 (1), pp. 110-122.

__________. (1997) “The Two Chinas Compete in Africa,” Contemporary Review, 271
(1581), pp. 192-194.

__________. (1997) “Mainland China-Angola Relations: Moving from Debacle to

Détente,” Issues and Studies, 33 (9), pp. 64-81.

__________. (1998) “Africa’s Place in the Diplomatic Competition between Beijing and
Taipei,” Issues and Studies, 34 (3), 126-143.

__________. (1998) “Botswana’s ‘Independent Foreign Policy’: Gaborone-Beijing

Relations,” Botswana Notes and Records, 30, pp. 79-86.

__________. (1998) “China’s Foreign Policy towards Africa in the 1990s,” The Journal
of Modern African Studies, 36 (3), pp. 443-460.
 222

__________. (1998) “The Evolution of Zambia’s Relations with China,” Africa Insight,
28 (1-2), pp. 47-52.

__________. (2000) “The Ambiguous Commitment: The People’s Republic of China and
the Anti-Apartheid Struggle in South Africa,” Journal of Contemporary African Studies,
18 (1), pp. 91-106.

__________. (2001) “China’s Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa in the Post-Maoist Era,
1978-1999,” in Politics and Economics of Africa (Volume I) edited by Frank Columbus.
Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 83-105.

__________. (2002) “Taiwan’s Foreign Policy and Africa: The Limitations of Dollar
Diplomacy,” Journal of Contemporary China, 11 (30), pp. 125-140.

__________. (2004) “The ‘All-weather Friend’? Sino-African Interaction in the Twenty-

First Century,” in Africa in International Politics: External Involvement on the Continent
by Ian Taylor and Paul Williams (eds.). London: Routledge, pp. 83-101.

__________. (2005) “Beijing’s Arms and Oil Interests in Africa,” China Brief, 5 (21), pp.
4-6.

__________. (2006) China and Africa: Engagement and Compromise. London:

Routledge.

__________. (2006) “China’s African Policy in Historical Perspective: From Neglect to

Dynamic Interaction,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 2-3.

__________. (2006) “China’s Oil Diplomacy in Africa,” International Affairs, 82 (5), pp.
937-959.

__________. (2006) “Unpacking China’s Resource Diplomacy in Africa,” unpublished

paper presented at a workshop on China-Africa in Hong Kong 11-16 November, pp. 1-27.
See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/.

__________. (2007) “China and Africa: The Real Barriers to Win-Win,” Foreign Policy
in Focus, (9 March). See at www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4067.

__________. (2007) “China’s Arms Sales to Africa: Beijing’s Reputation at Stake,”

China Brief, 7 (7), pp. 10-11.

__________. (2007) “China’s Environmental Footprint in Africa,” China Dialogue (2

February). See at www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/741-China-s-
environmental-footprint-in-Africa. Accessed 24 December 2008.

__________. (2007) “China’s Relations with Nigeria,” The Round Table, 96 (392).
Pp.631-645.
 223

__________. (2007) “Governance in Africa and Sino-African Relations: Contradictions

or Confluence?” Politics, 27 (3), pp. 139-146.

__________. (2007) “Sino-African Relations in the Twenty-First Century: Time for

Dialogue,” Chinese Cross Currents, 4 (2), 9-21.

__________. (2007) “Sino-Nigerian Relations: FTZs, Textiles and Oil,” China Brief, 7
(11), pp. 11-13.

__________. (2008) “Beyond the New ‘Two Whateverisms’: China’s Ties in Africa,”
China Aktuell, no 3, pp. 181-195.

__________. (2008) “China’s Maturing Foreign Policy: Implications for Africa,”

Pambazuka News (3 November). See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/51738.

__________. (2008) “Common Sense about China’s Ties with Africa,” Online Africa
Policy Forum (28 April). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=102.

__________. (2008) “The Future of China’s Overseas Peacekeeping Operations,” China

Brief, 8 (6), pp. 7-9.

__________. (2008) “Sino-African Relations and the Problem of Human Rights,”

African Affairs, 107 (426), pp. 63-87.

__________. (2009) China’s New Role in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

__________. (2009) “China’s Rising Presence in Africa,” China Review International, 16

(2), pp. 155-159.

__________. (2010) “Back to the Future? The Rising Chinese Relationship with Africa,”
in The International Relations of Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Ian Taylor. New York:
Continuum, pp. 69-82.

__________. (2010) “A Challenge to the Global Liberal Order? The Growing Chinese
Relationship with Africa,” in Handbook of China’s International Relations, Shaun
Breslin, (ed.). London: Routledge, pp. 187-199.

__________. (2010) “The People’s Republic of China,” in The International Politics of

Mass Atrocities: The Case of Darfur by David R. Black and Paul D. Williams (ed.).
London: Routledge, pp. 176-194.

__________. (2011) The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). New York:

Routledge Global Institutions.
 224

__________. (2012) “From Santa Claus to Serious Business: Where Should FOCAC Go
Next?” The China Monitor, Special July edition, pp. 31-39.

__________. (2013) “China’s Arms Transfers to Africa and Political Violence,”

Terrorism and Political Violence, 25 (3), pp. 457-475.

__________. (2013) “Global Economy, Development Imperatives, and Mutual Interests:

China and Africa,” in China and the International System: Becoming a World Power, eds.
Huang Xiaoming and Robert Patman. London: Routledge, pp. 181-196.

__________. (2013) “The Growth of China in Africa,” in Africa in World Politics:

Engaging a Changing Global Order, eds. John Harbeson and Donald Rothchild. Boulder,
CO: Westview Press, pp. 285-309.

__________. (2014) “Chinese Interest in Nigeria’s Oil and the American Context,”
Canadian Journal of African Studies, 48 (3), pp. 391-404.

__________. (2015) “China’s Response to the Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa,” The
Round Table, 104 (1), pp. 41-54.

__________. (2015) “FOCAC VI: The Chinese Dream Meets African Realities?” The
China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp. 24-30.

__________. (2016) “Africa after the China Boom,” Current History, 115 (781), May,
pp. 193-195.

__________, Dominik Kopinski and Andrzej Polus (eds). (2012) China’s Rise in Africa:
Perspectives on a Developing Connection. London: Routledge.

__________ and Zhengyu Wu. (2013) “China’s Arms Transfers to Africa and Political
Violence,” Terrorism and Political Violence, 25 (3), 457-475.

Tefera Amare. (2011) Post 1991 Ethio-China Economic Cooperation with Particular
Reference to Trade and Road Construction. MA thesis, Addis Ababa University. See at
http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/3561/3/Teffra%20Amare.pdf.

Tegegne Gebre-Eghiabher. (2007) “Impacts of Chinese Imports and Coping Strategies of

Local Producers: The Case of Small-scale Footwear Enterprises in Ethiopia,” Journal of
Modern African Studies, 45 (4), pp. 647-679.

Tella, Oluwaseun. (2016) “Wielding Soft Power in Strategic Regions: An Analysis of

China’s Power of Attraction in Africa and the Middle East,” Africa Review, 8 (2), pp.
133-144.
 225

Tembe, Paul. (2015) “The Temptations and Promotion of ‘China Dream’: Calling for
Africa’s Home-grown Rhetoric,” Centre for Chinese Studies policy brief, Stellenbosch
University (August), pp. 1-4.

Tembe, Paulo Elicha and Kangning Xu. (2013) “China-Africa Economic Cooperation:
Chinese Companies’ Contributions to African Development – The Cases of Mozambique
and Angola,” Research in World Economy, 4 (2), pp. 61-74.

Ten Hoove, Lotte. (2006) “La Chine à la Conquête du Continent Noir,” CEREMS
(January). See at www.cerems-travail.fr/compteur_upload.php?
rubrique_id=187&fichier_upload_id=588.

Tesha, Florence. (2017) China’s Health Aid to Africa: An Evaluation of China’s Helath
Aid to Africa Using a Case Study of Chinese Medicine and Medical Practice in Tanzania.
MA Thesis, Duke University. See at
https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/14215/Tesha_Florence_Th
esis%202017_DGHI.pdf?sequence=1.

Teufel, June. (1963) “China’s Approach to Africa,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 42
(1), pp. 443-444, 469.

__________. (1963) “China’s Future in Africa,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 42 (10),
pp. 517-519.

Téwodros W. Workneh. (2016) “Chinese Multinationals in the Ethiopian

Telecommunications Sector,” Communication, Culture & Critique, 9 (1), pp. 126-147.

Thakur, Monika. (2009) “Building on Progress? Chinese Engagement in Ethiopia,”

SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 38 (July), pp. 1-23. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_38_thakur_20090723_
en.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Somalia-China Relations: China Claiming Its Place as a Global

Actor?” in Globalizing Somalia: Multilateral, International, and Transnational
Repercussions of Conflict edited by Emma Leonard and Gilbert. New York: Bloomsbury,
pp. 169-185.

Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha. (2008) “India Takes on China in Africa,” Pambazuka News, (4
April). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/47200.

Thiam, Alioune. (2014) “Challenges in Combating Desertification in Sub-Saharan Africa,

Which Role for Africa?” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, no. 1 (March),
pp. 16-35.
 226

__________. (2017) “China-Africa and the BRICS,” in The BRICS-Lawyers’ Guide to

Global Cooperation ed. By Rostam J. Neuwirth, Alexandr Svetlicinii, and Denis de
Castro Halis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thindwa, Theodora C. (2014) “China-Malawi Relations: An Analysis of Trade Patterns

and Development Implications,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, issue 4
(December), pp. 42-77.

Thoke, Moratuoa. (2012) “Hard Labour: Poor Conditions at Chinese Firms,” Southern
Africa Resource Watch (24 August). See at http://www.osisa.org/books/regional/hard-
labour-poor-conditions-chinese-firms.

Thoma, Geoffrey M. (2015) China’s Evolving Approach to Foreign Policy and

Development: The Case of Sudan. MA thesis, Robert D. Clark Honors College. See at
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36693082.pdf.

Thomas, Darryl C. (1992) “The Impact of the Sino-Soviet Conflict on the Afro-Asian
People’s Solidarity Organization: Afro-Asianism Versus Non-Alignment, 1955-1966,”
Journal of Asian and African Affairs, 3 (2), pp. 167-191.

Thompson, Drew. (2005) “China’s Emerging Interests in Africa: Opportunities and

Challenges for Africa and the United States,” African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 20-29.

__________. (2005) “China’s Soft Power in Africa: From the ‘Beijing Consensus’ to
Health Diplomacy,” China Brief, 5 (21), pp. 1-4.

__________. (2007) “China’s Emerging Interests in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges

for Africa and the United States,” Africa Notes (Cornell University), (summer), pp. 4-8.

Thompson, J-P. (2007) “China’s Crucial Role in Africa,” Africa Files, 6 (1). See at
www.africafiles.org/atissueezine.asp?issue=issue6#art4.

Thompson, W. Scott. (1969) Ghana’s Foreign Policy, 1957-1966. Princeton: Princeton

University Press.

Thornber, Karen Laura. (2016) “Breaking Discipline, Integrating Literature: Africa-China

Relationships Reconsidered,” Comparative Literature Studies, 53 (4), Special Issue, pp.
694-721.

Thrall, Lloyd. (2015) China’s Expanding African Relations: Implications for U.S.
National Security. Santa Monica, CA, Rand Corporation.

Tian Peiliang. (2003) “China and Africa in New Period,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 70
(December), pp. 36-42.

Tianjun Hou. (2015) “Are Chinese Companies Devastating the African Environment?
Exploring the Role of a Chinese Hydropower Company in the Zambian Environmental
 227

Impact Assessment Process,” Tropical Resources, (34), pp. 78-86. See at

https://environment.yale.edu/tri/uploads/hou-2015-TRIBulletin.pdf.

Tibou, Ly and Fangmiao Hou. (2017) “Analysis of China’s Trade Relations and Its
Impacts on the Guinean Economy,” Open Access Library Journal 4 (e3482). See at
https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OALibJ_2017052516451198.pdf.

Tillemann, Levi. (2008) “Blowback from Zimbabwe: China’s Faltering Strategy on Arms
Exports,” China Brief, 8 (13), pp. 7-9.

Tingting Yuan. (2011) Chinese Educational “Aid” to Africa: A Different “Donor Logic”?
PhD dissertation. University of Bristol. See at https://research-
information.bristol.ac.uk/files/34506403/540880.pdf.

Tingting Yuan. (2013) “The Rising ‘China Model’ of Educational Cooperation with
Africa.” in Economics, Aid and Education by S. Majhanovich and M.A. Geo-JaJa (eds.).
Rotterdam: SensePublishers, pp. 183-198.

Tiwari, Prateeksha. (2015) “Indian and Chinese FDI in Ethiopia: Nature, Impact, and
Challenges,” DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation 1 (3), pp. 124-143.
See at http://journals.du.ac.in/ugresearch/pdf-vol3/U14.pdf.

Tjønneland, Elling N. (2006) China in Africa: Implications for Norwegian Foreign and
Development Policies. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute Report, no. 15, pp. 1-62.

Tomes, Robert R., Angela Sapp Mancini, and James T. Kirkhope (eds.). (2009)
Crossroads Africa: Perspectives on U.S.-China-Africa Security Affairs. New York:
Council for Emerging National Security Affairs.

Tom-Jack, Pamela I. (2016) “The Evolving Geopolitical Relations of Nigeria and China:
What Is the Impact of the Nigeria-China Trade and Direct Investment on the Nigerian
Economy, University of Ottawa. See at
https://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/34551/1/TOM-JACK,%20Pamela
%2020161.pdf.

Toogood, Kimairis. (2016) “Understanding the Emerging Relationship Between China

and Africa: The Case of Nigeria,” Stimson paper (December). See at
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Understanding%20the
%20Emerging%20Relationship%20Between%20China%20and%20Africa%27s
%20China-%20The%20Case%20of%20Nigeria%5B2%5D.pdf.

Toussaint, Auguste. (1966) “The Role of the Chinese,” in History of the Indian Ocean by
Auguste Toussaint. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 74-86.

Toye, John. (2008) “China’s Impact on Sub-Saharan African Development: Trade, Aid
and Politics,” in Issues in Economic Development and Globalization: Essays in Honour
 228

of Ajit Singh, Philip Arestis and John Eatwell (eds.). Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 95-114.

TRALAC. (2013) “Africa-China Trading Relationship,” 14 August. See at

www.tralac.org/2013/08/14/africa-china-trading-relationship/.

Tran, Pelu. (2008) “Pursuing a Harmonious Society: Understanding China’s Actions in

Sudan,” Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 8 (1), pp. 36-42.

Tran-Thanh, K., L. Buckley, and J. Mayers. (2013) China-Africa Forest Governance

Learning Platform, Report of an Inception Event and Future Agenda. London:
International Institute for Environment and Development. See at
http://pubs.iied.org/G03633.html.

Tremann, Cornelia. (2013) “Temporary Chinese Migration to Madagascar: Local

Perceptions, Economic Impacts, and Human Capital Flows,” African Review of
Economics and Finance, 5 (1), pp. 7-16.

__________. (2014) “‘Anciens’ et ‘Nouveaux’ Chinois à Madagascar: Stratégies

d’Intégration et Rapports de Force Intergénérationnels,” Politique Africaine, no. 134, pp.
69-88.

Tripathi, K.S. (1975) “China’s Military Strategy in the Eighties,” China Report, 11 (5-6),
pp. 106-119.

Trood, Russell B. (1985) “The People’s Republic of China: Perspectives on the Indian
Ocean,” in The Indian Ocean: Perspectives on a Strategic Arena by William L. Dowdy
and Russell B. Trood (eds.). Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 508-524.

Tsao, Hai-Tao, Cheng-Chang Lu, and Ryh-Song Yeh. (2015) “China’s Outward FDI in
Africa: Enterprises with Different Ownership Types,” Contemporary Chinese Political
Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal, 1 (2), August, pp. 489-527.
See at http://icaps.nsysu.edu.tw/ezfiles/122/1122/img/2375/CCPS1(2)-Tsao-Lu-Yeh.pdf.

Tshibambe, Germain Ngoie. (2013) “Sans Chinatown? L’Intégration des Migrants

Chinois à Lubumbashi (DRC)” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais, no. 63, pp. 255-278.

Tsikata, Dela, Ama Pokuaa Fenny and Ernest Aryeetey. (2008) “China-Africa Relations:
A Case Study of Ghana,” report prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium
(January). See at www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Ghana.pdf.

__________. (2010) “Impact of China-Africa Investment Relations: An In-depth Analysis

of the Case of Ghana,” AERC Study (March), pp. 1-25. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china-africa-country-cases/Ghana-China-Investment-
Relations.pdf.
 229

Tsui, Chak-pong Gordon and Hei-hang Hayes Tang. (2015) “African University Students
in China’s Hong Kong: Motivations and Aspirations,” The Journal of Pan African
Studies, 7 (10), May, pp. 109-125.

Tu Huynh, T. (2016) “A ‘Wild West’ of Trade? African Women and Men and the
Gendering of Globalisation from Below in Guangzhou,” Global Studies in Culture and
Power 23 (5), pp. 501-518.

Tugendhat, Henry. (2014) “Chinese Training Courses for African Officials: A ‘Win-Win’
Engagement?” SAIS-CARI Policy Brief, no. 3 (December), pp. 1-5.

__________. (2015) “Chinese Training Courses for African Agriculture:

Transformational Knowledge?” Future Agricultures working paper no. 122 (July).

__________ and Dawit Alemu. (2016) “Chinese Agricultural Training Courses for
African Officials: Between Power and Partnerships,” World Development, 81, pp. 71-81.
See at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15301522.

Tulga, Ahmet Yigitalp. (2018) “African’s View about China’s Africa Policy,”
International Journal of Advance Research and Development 3 (1), pp. 120-124. See at
https://www.ijarnd.com/manuscripts/v3i1/V3I1-1159.pdf.

Tull, Denis M. (2006) “China’s Engagement in Africa: Scope, Significance and

Consequences,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 44 (3), pp. 459-479.

__________. (2006) “China and Africa,” in China’s Rise: The Return of Geopolitics? by
Gudrun Wacker (ed.). Research Paper (February). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und
Politik, pp. 31-36. Available at www.swp-berlin.org/common/get_document.php?
asset_id=2973.

__________. (2008) “China in Africa: European Perceptions and Responses to the

Chinese Challenge,” SAIS Working Papers in African Studies (February), pp. 1-15. See
at www.swp-berlin.org/common/get_document.php?asset_id=5611.

Uchehara, Keiran E. (2009) “China-Africa Relations in the 21st Century: Engagement,

Compromise and Controversy,” Uluslararasi Iliskiler, 6 (23), pp. 95-111. See at
http://www.uidergisi.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/China-Africa-Relations.pdf.

Udeala, Samuel Onuoha. (2010) “Nigeria-China Economic Relations under the South-
South Cooperation,” African Journal of International Affairs 13 (1/2), pp. 61-88.

Ukaejiofo, Rex. (2014) “China-Africa Agricultural Co-operation: Mutual Benefits or

Self-interest?” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University (September).
 230

Umejei, Emeka. (2015) “China’s Engagement with Nigeria: Opportunity or Opportunist,”

African East-Asian Affairs, issue 3/4 (December), pp. 54-79.

United Kingdom. (2005) “The Effect of China and India’s Growth and Trade
Liberalisation on Poverty in Africa,” Department for International Development (May).
See at www.Sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001312/P1555-
China_trade_Report_May2005.pdf.

__________. (2007) House of Lords. “Africa: Chinese Investment,” transcript of

discussion in House of Lords (6 February). See at
www.royalafricansociety.org/index.php?
option=com_content&task=view&id=368&Itemid=70.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2010) Economic Development

in Africa: Report 2010 South-South Cooperation: Africa and the New Forms of
Development Partnership (New York and Geneva: UN), pp. 1-116. See at
www.unctad.org/en/docs/aldcafrica2010_en.pdf.

United Nations Development Program. (2007) “Asian Foreign Direct Investment in

Africa: Towards a New Era of Cooperation among Developing Countries,” pp. 1-190.
See at www.unctad.org/en/docs/iteiia20071_en.pdf.

__________. (2015) “If Africa Builds Nests, Will the Birds Come? Comparative Study
on Special Economic Zones in Africa and China,” (17 December). See at
http://www.cn.undp.org/content/dam/china/docs/Publications/UNDP-CH-Comparative
%20Study%20on%20SEZs%20in%20Africa%20and%20China%20-%20ENG.pdf.

United States. (1964) Central Intelligence Agency. “Chinese Communist Activities in

Africa,” declassified document dated 19 June. Available on Declassified Documents
Reference System.

__________. (1965) Central Intelligence Agency. “Chinese Communist Activities in

Africa,” declassified document dated 30 April. Available on Declassified Documents
Reference System.

__________. (1965) Central Intelligence Agency. “Tanzania Taking the Left Turn,”
declassified document. See at www.faqs.org/cia/docs/76/0000126865/TANZANIA-
TAKING-THE-LEFT-TURN.html.

__________. (1969) Central Intelligence Agency. “Communist China’s Presence in

Africa,” declassified document dated 20 June. See at
www.state.gov/documents/organization/54521.pdf.

__________. (1971) “What the Chinese Communists Are Up To in Black Africa,”

declassified secret document dated 23 March. See at
www.state.gov/documents/organization/54533.pdf.
 231

__________. (1976) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid to Less Developed

Countries of the Free World, 1975. ER-76-10372U.

__________. (1977) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid to the Less Developed
Countries of the Free World, 1976. ER 77-10296.

__________. (1978) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid to the Less Developed
Countries of the Free World, 1977. ER 78-10478U.

__________. (1979) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid Activities in Non-

Communist Less Developed Countries, 1978. ER 79-10421U.

__________. (1980) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid Activities in Non-

Communist Less Developed Countries, 1979 and 1954-79. ER 80-10319U.

__________. (1984) Central Intelligence Agency. “Chinese Military and Economic

Programs in the Third World: Growing Commercial Emphasis,” declassified document
dated in May. Available in Digital National Security Archive.

__________. (1974) Department of the Army. “An Assessment of the Military Assistance
Programs of the People’s Republic of China,” declassified document dated 15 November.
Available in Digital National Security Archive.

__________. (1964) Department of State. “An Outline Guide to Communist Activities in

Africa,” declassified document dated 15 May. Available in Declassified Documents
Reference System.

__________. (1972) Department of State. “Chinese Activities and Influence in Africa,”

declassified memorandum of conversation 6-7 March between U.S. and British
delegations meeting in Washington. See at
www.history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve05p1/d20.

__________. (1985) Department of State. “China’s Policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa,”

declassified document dated 20 August. Available in Digital National Security Archive.

__________. (2002) Department of State. World Military Expenditures and Arms

Transfers, 1999-2000. See at www.state.gov/t/vci/rls/rpt/wmeat/1999_2000/.

__________. (2013) Government Accountability Office. Sub-Saharan Africa: Case

Studies of U.S. and Chinese Economic Engagement in Angola, Ghana, and Kenya; a
Supplement to GAO-13-199. (February). See at www.gao.gov/assets/660/653043.pdf.

__________. (2013) Government Accountability Office. Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends in

U.S. and Chinese Economic Engagement. (February). See at
www.gao.gov/assets/660/652041.pdf.
 232

__________. (2005) House of Representatives. Committee on International Relations.

Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations. Hearing on
“China’s Influence in Africa,” Serial No. 109-74 (28 July), pp. 1-73. See at
www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/archives/109/22658.pdf.

__________. (2008) Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. “China in Africa:

Implications for U.S. Policy.” Hearing held on 4 June. See at
http://foreign.senate.gov/hearings/2008/hrg080604a.html. Accessed 31 August 2008.

__________. (2008) Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. “China’s Foreign Policy

and ‘Soft Power’ in South America, Asia, and Africa,” study prepared by the
Congressional Research Service (April), pp. 1-131. See at
www.fas.org/irp/congress/2008_rpt/crs-china.pdf. Accessed 21 March 2009.

U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. (2006) Report to Congress

2006. Washington: Government Printing Office.

__________. (2009) “The 88 Queensway Group: A Case Study in Chinese Investors’

Operations in Angola and Beyond,” (10 July). See at
www.uscc.gov/The_88_Queensway_Group.pdf. Accessed 29 July 2009.

___________. (2007) Report to Congress 2007. Washington: Government Printing

Office.

Upadhyaya, Shishir. (2017) “Expansion of Chinese Maritime Power in the Indian Ocean:
Implications for India,” Defence Studies, 17 (1), pp. 63-83.

Urban, Frauke, Johan Nordensvard, Giuseppina Siciliano, and Bingqin Li. (2015)
Chinese Overseas Hydropower Dams and Social Sustainability: The Bui Dam in Ghana
and the Kamchay Dam in Cambodia: Chinese Overseas Hydropower Dams,” Asia & the
Pacific Policy Studies, 2 (3), pp. 573-589. See at
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app5.103/epdf.

Ursu, Anca-Elena and Willem van den Berg. (2018) China and the EU in the Horn of
Africa: Competition and Cooperation? Clingendael policy brief (April). See at
https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2018-
04/PB_China_and_the_EU_in_the_Horn_of_Africa.pdf.

Usman, Lantana M. (2015) “Globalization of China and Nigeria’s Languge Educational

Policy: A Case Study,” US-China Education Review B 5 (7), pp. 411-434. See at
http://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55bb41c458fdb.pdf.

Vadra, Ratna. (2016) “FDI in Africa by India and China: Partners or Rivals?” paper
delivered at the Fifth International Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance
and Social Sciences in Chennai, India (April). See at
 233

http://globalbizresearch.org/Chennai_Conference_2016_April/docs/conf
%20paper/1.%20Global%20Business,%20Economics%20&%20Sustainability/C637.pdf.

Vaes, Sarah and Huib Huyse. (2013) New Voices on South-South Cooperation between
Emerging Powers and Africa: African Civil Society Perspectives. Leuven, Belgium: KU
Leuven.

Valkenier, Elizabeth K. (1969) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry in the Third World,” Current

History, 57 (338), pp. 201-206 and 240.

Van Beek, Ursula J. (2011) “China’s Global Policy and Africa: A Few Implications for
the Post-Crisis World,” Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies, 38 (3), pp.
389-408.

Van Bracht, Gérard. (2012) “A Survey of Zambian Views on Chinese People and Their
Involvement in Zambia,” The China Monitor, issue 1 (August), pp. 54-97.

Van de Looy, Judith. (2006) “Africa and China: A Strategic Partnership?” African Studies
Centre Working Paper 67 (Leiden), pp. 1-28.

__________ and Leo de Haan. (2006) “Africa and China: A Strategic Partnership?”
Strategic Analysis, 30 (3), pp. 562-575.

Van der Lugt, Sanne. (2011) “South-South Cooperation through Investment – South
African and Chinese Support to Development in Lesotho?” Centre for Chinese Studies,
Stellenbosch University Policy Briefing (November). See at www.ccs.org.za/wp-
content/uploads/2011/11/Lesotho_SSC_Policy-Briefing_final.pdf.

__________. (2016) “Exploring Host Countries’ Agency to Strengthen Local FDI

Regulations: The Case of Chinese Investments in the Infrastructure Sector of the DRC,”
Cornell International Law Journal, 49 (1) (winter), pp. 179-200.

__________ and Victoria Hamblin. (2011) “Assessing China’s Role in Foreign Direct
Investment in Southern Africa,” Centre for Chinese Studies report (March). See at
www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Final-report-CCS-March-2011-CCS.pdf.

Van der Putten, Frans Paul. (2015) “China’s Evolving Role in Peacekeeping and African
Security: The Deployment of Chinese Troops for UN Force Protection in Mali,”
Clingendael Report: Netherlands Institute of International Relations (September), pp. 1-
24. See at
https://www.academia.edu/15721860/China_s_Evolving_Role_in_Peacekeeping_and_Af
rican_Security_The_Deployment_of_Chinese_Troops_for_UN_Force_Protection_in_Ma
li.

Van der Putten, Frans Paul, Thorsten Wetzling, and Susanne Kamerling. (2014)
Geopolitics and Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean: What Role for the European
 234

Union? Clingendael Report: Netherlands Institute of International Relations (August).

See at https://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/Geopolitics%20and%20Maritime
%20Security%20in%20the%20Indian%20Ocean.pdf.

Van der Wath, Kobus and Dirk Kotze. (2006) “Africa and China: A Neglected
Opportunity,” African Analyst, third quarter, no. 1, pp. 43-59.

Van Dijk, Meine Pieter. (2007) “The Role of China in Africa, in Particular Chinese
Foreign Direct Investment,” unpublished paper presented before the AEGIS European
Conference on African Studies 2007 in Leiden. See at http://ecas2007.aegis-
eu.org/commence/user/view_file_forall.php?fileid=908.

__________ (ed.). (2009) The New Presence of China in Africa. Amsterdam: Amsterdam
University Press.

__________. (2016) Is China Grabbing Land in Africa? A Literature Overview Study.

Landac Conference in Utrecht. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305354463_Is_China_grabbing_land_in_Africa
_A_literature_overview_study.

Van Eeden, Johann and Taku Fundira. (2008) “South African Quotas on Chinese Clothing
and Textiles: 18 Month Economic Review,” TRALAC Working Paper, no. 8 (November).
See at
www.tralac.org/cause_data/images/1694/WP200808VEedenClothingTextile18month200
81111.pdf.

Van Hoeymissen, Sara. (2008) “Aid within the China-Africa Partnership: Emergence of
an Alternative to the NEPAD Development Paradigm?” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 102-
129.

__________. (2010) “China’s Support to Africa’s Regional Security Architecture:

Helping Africa to Settle Conflicts and Keep the Peace?” The China Monitor (March), pp.
10-14.

Van Keulen, Suzanne. (2010) “China’s Infrastructure Investment in Africa: Consequences

for Economic Development – The Case of Tanzania,” The China Monitor (April), pp. 4-
10.

Van Ness, Peter. (1971) Revolution and Chinese Foreign Policy: Peking’s Support for
Wars of National Liberation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

__________. (1998) “China and the Third World: Patterns of Engagement and
Indifference,” in China and the World by Samuel S. Kim (ed.). Boulder: Westview Press,
pp. 151-168.
 235

Van Rooyen, Jan and Hussein Soloman. (2007) “The Strategic Implications of the US and
China’s Engagement within Africa,” Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military
Studies, 35 (1), pp. 1-22.

Van Staden, Cobus. (2013) “Applying East Asian Media Diplomacy Models to African
Media: A First Step,” Africa Insight, 43 (2) (September), pp. 27-40.

__________. (2014) “Using the Internet to Teach China-Africa Relations: The China-
Africa Project in the Seminar Room,” The China Monitor, issue 3 (September), pp. 54-
68.

__________. (2016) “China’s Public Diplomacy in Africa: Challenging Our Ideas of

Public Diplomacy,” Public Diplomacy Magazine 15 (Winter), pp. 72-77. See at
http://publicdiplomacymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MPD-Mag-Winter-
2016-Official-.pdf.

__________. (2017) “One Belt One Road and East Africa: Beyond Chinese Influence,”
China Brief 17 (4). See at https://jamestown.org/program/one-belt-one-road-east-africa-
beyond-chinese-influence/.

__________. (2017 “Watching Hong Kong Martial Arts Film under Apartheid,” Journal
of African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 46-62.

__________. (2017) “China in the Era of ‘Xi Jinping Thought’: Five Key Trends for
Africa,” South African Institute of International Affairs policy briefing 171. See at
http://www.saiia.org.za/policy-briefings/1299-china-in-the-era-of-xi-jinping-thought-five-
key-trends-for-africa/file.

Van Vliet, Geert and Géraud Magrin (eds.). (2012) The Environmental Challenges
Facing a Chinese Oil Company in Chad. Paris: Agence Française de Développement.
See at
www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PUBLICATIONS/RECHERCHE/Scientifiques/Focal
es/09-VA-Focales.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2012. For French-language version, see
www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PUBLICATIONS/RECHERCHE/Scientifiques/Focal
es/09-Focales.pdf.

Van Wyk, Barry. (2009) “Chinese FDI on the World Stage: Why, Who and Why Now?”
Pambazuka News, issue 448 (17 September). See at
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/58816.

Van Zeller, Mariana. (2008) “Chinatown, Africa,” video by Vanguard correspondent on

China’s growing presence in Angola. See at
http://current.com/items/89565630/chinatown_africa.htm.
 236

Vanneman, Peter and Martin James. (1977) “The Lessons of Angola: A Global
Perspective on Communist Intervention in Southern Africa,” in Sino-Soviet Intervention
in Africa by Roger Pearson (ed.). Washington: Council on American Affairs, pp. 20-33.

Vasselier, Abigaël. (2016) “Chinese Foreign Policy in South Sudan: The View from the
Ground,” China Brief, 16 (13), pp.15-19.

Vedie, Henri-Louis. (2017) Chinese Mining Investments in Africa. OCP Policy Center
policy brief 17/15 (April). See at http://www.ocppc.ma/sites/default/files/OCPPC-
PB1715.pdf.

Veeck, Gregory and Sokhna H. A. Diop. (2012) “Chinese Engagement with Africa: The
Case of Madagascar,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 53 (3), 400-418. See at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249314098_Chinese_Engagement_with_Africa
_The_Case_of_Madagascar.

Velempini, Simiso and Hussein Solomon. (2007) “Black Gold and the New Scramble for
Africa: The Case of São Tomé,” Africa Insight, 37 (1), pp. 1-18.

Velgus, Viktor A. (1993) “Chinese Voyaging to Africa and to the Persian Gulf:
Hypotheses and Sources,” St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies, no. 1, pp. 104-112.

Venkataraman, Manickam and Solomon M. Gofie. (2015) “The Dynamics of China-

Ethiopia Trade Relations: Economic Capacity, Balance of Trade and Trade Regimes,”
Bandung: Journal of the Global South, 2 (8), pp. 1-17.

Vergès, Françoise. (2003) “Writing on Water: Peripheries, Flows, Capital, and Struggles
in the Indian Ocean,” Positions: East Asia Culture Critique, 11 (1), 241-257.

Verhoeven, Harry. (2014) “Is Beijing’s Non-Interference Policy History? How Africa is
Changing China,” The Washington Quarterly, 37 (2), pp. 55-70.

Verma, Raj. (2017) India and China in Africa: A Comparative Perspective of the Oil
Industry. London: Routledge.

__________. (2018) “A Comparative Perspective of India and China in the Oil Industry
in West Africa,” International Politics, 55 (2), pp. 264-278.

Vermaak, Marius. (2010) “What Should African Confucius Institutes Do?” The China
Monitor (January), pp. 8-10.

Vhumbunu, Clayton H. (2014) “China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Programme:

Forum on China Africa Co-operation (FOCAC): Drawing Lessons for African Integration
from Accelerated Development in China,” Institute for China Africa Studies in Southern
Africa discussion paper no. 3 (October), pp. 1-40.
 237

__________. (2016) “Enabling African Regional Infrastructure Renaissance through the

China-Africa Partnership: A Trans-Continental Appraisal,” International Journal of
China Studies 7 (3) December, pp. 271-300. See at https://www.um.edu.my/docs/default-
source/ics/ics-ijcs/full-issue-7-3.pdf?sfvrsn=6.

Vickers, Brendan. (2013) “Africa and the Rising Powers: Bargaining for the
‘Marginalized Many’,” International Affairs, 89 (1), pp. 673-693.

Victor, David G. (2007) “What Resource Wars?” National Interest, no. 92

(November/December), pp. 48-55.

Villiers, Cas de. (1973) “China’s Decade in Africa,” Bulletin of the Africa Institute of
South Africa, 11 (8), pp. 295-303.

Villoria, Nelson, Thomas Hertel, and Alejandro Nin-Pratt. (2009) “China’s Growth and
the Agricultural Exports of Southern Africa,” IFPRI Discussion Paper 00891 (August).
See at www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00891.pdf.

Vines, Alex. (2006) “The Scramble for Resources: African Case Studies,” South African
Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 63-75.

__________. (2007) “China in Africa: A Mixed Blessing?” Current History, 106 (700),
pp. 213-219.

__________. (2008) “Current Developments and Trends in China’s Relations with

African Countries,” unpublished remarks at 28 April conference in Washington on China-
Africa relations sponsored by the American Foreign Policy Council and Heinrich Böll
Foundation.

__________. (2012) “Mesmerised by Chinese String of Pearls Theory,” The World

Today, 68 (1), February-March, pp. 33-34.

__________, Lillian Wong, Markus Weimer and Indira Campos. (2009) “Thirst for
African Oil: Asian National Oil Companies in Nigeria and Angola,” A Chatham House
Report (August). See at www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/14524_r0809_africanoil.pdf.

Vircoulon, Thierry. (2006) “Chinois d’Afrique, Chinois en Afrique et Afro-Chinois: Les

Multiples Visages de la Communauté Chinoise d’Afrique du Sud,” Monde Chinois, no. 8
(Éte/Automne), pp. 25-38.

__________. (2008) “La Chine, Nouvel Acteur de la Reconstruction Congolaise,”

Afrique Contemporaine, no. 227, issue 3, pp. 107-118.

Volberding, Peter and Jason Warner. (2017) China and Uranium: Comparative
Possibilities for Agency in Statecraft in Niger and Namibia. Working paper no. 11
(March), China Africa Research Initiative, SAIS. See at
 238

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/58dc7eedebbd1af18
054c700/1490845422465/warner+v8.pdf.

Volghin, A. (1969) “Africa in Peking’s Foreign Policy,” International Affairs (Moscow),

(September), pp. 26-32.

Wagidoso, Charles Madibo. (2008) “New Developments in an Old Friendship,” China

Today, 57 (1), pp. 44-46.

Waging Peace. (2008) “China in Africa: The Human Rights Impact,” (February), pp. 1-
49. See at
www.wagingpace.info/files/20080305_WagingPeaceReport_ChinainAfrica_TheHumanR
ightsImpact_2.pdf.

Wagner, JoAnne. (2012) “‘Going Out’: Is China’s Skillful Use of Soft Power in Sub-
Saharan Africa a Threat to U.S. Interests?” Joint Forces Quarterly, issue 64, 1st quarter,
99-106.

Waldron, Arthur. (2005) “The Rise of China: Military and Political Implications,” Review
of International Studies, 31 (4), pp. 715-733.

__________ (ed.). (2008) China in Africa. Washington: The Jamestown Foundation.

Walgreen, David. (2006) “China in the Indian Ocean Region: Lessons in PRC Grand
Strategy,” Comparative Strategy, 25 (1), pp. 55-73.

Walt, Vivienne. (2007) “A Khartoum Boom, Courtesy of China,” Fortune (6 August).

See at http://money.cnn.com/2007/08/06/news/international/Sudan-
khartoum.fortune/index.htm.

Wang, Carol and Danielle Flam. (2007) “Bridging the Gap: Experiences and Attitudes in
Sino-African Relations,” Regular Features, pp. 196-208. See at
http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.2.2007/CRF-2007-2_Sino-African.pdf.

Wang Duanyong. (2011) “China’s Overseas Foreign Direct Investment Risk: 2008-2009,”
SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 73 (January). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers/saia_sop_73_duanyong_201101
25.pdf.

Wang, Fei-ling. (2005) “Preservation, Prosperity and Power: What Motivates China’s
Foreign Policy?” Journal of Contemporary China, 14 (45), pp. 669-694.

__________ and Esi A. Elliot. (2014) “China in Africa: Presence, Perceptions and
Prospects,” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (90), pp. 1012-1032.
 239

Wang Gungwu. (1980) “The Chinese and the Countries across the Indian Ocean,” in
Historical Relations across the Indian Ocean, a report and papers of the meeting of
experts organized by UNESCO at Port Louis, Mauritius, from 15 to 19 July 1974. Paris:
UNESCO, pp. 61-67.

Wang Guoqin, et al. (2018) “Promoting the Nexus Approach of Climate, Ecosystems and
Livelihoods in Africa through China-Africa Cooperation,” Journal of Resources and
Ecology, 9 (3), pp. 232-236. See at http://www.jorae.cn/fileup/PDF/2018-3-232.pdf.

Wang Hongyi. (2006) “Sino-African Relations Enter a New Stage,” China International
Studies, no. 4 (fall), pp. 33-48.

Wang Li and Paul Dottin. (2012) “Behind China’s Peacekeeping Missions in Africa:
Interpreting Beijing’s Strategic Considerations,” Security Strategies, 7 (14). See at
http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423902049.pdf.

Wang Xiaoguang. (2014) China-Ethiopia Economic and Political Relations Post 1991
Period. MA Thesis, Addis Ababa University. See at
http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/5926/1/14%20WANG%20XIAOGUANG.pdf.

Wang Xingping, Zhu Kai, Li Yingcheng and Xu Jiabo. (2017) “Applicability and
Prospect of China’s Development Zone Model in Africa,” Chinese Geographical Science
27 (6), pp. 860-874. See at http://egeoscien.neigae.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract9922.shtml.

Wang Xuejun. (2012) “Review on China’s Engagement in African Peace and Security,”
China International Studies, January/February, pp. 72-91.

__________. (2014) “Developmental Peace: Understanding China’s Africa Policy in

Peace and Security,” Global Review (spring). See at
http://en.siis.org.cn/Research/EnInfo/1701.

Wang Yingying. (2000) “On Africa’s Current Situation and its International Status,”
International Studies, issue 15-17, pp. 1-18.

__________. (2004) “New Situation in Africa and China-Africa Relations,” International

Studies, issue 2 (March), pp. 48-58.

__________. (2006) “Africa Ushering in a New Historical Phase,” China International

Studies, no. 4 (fall), pp. 15-32.

Wang Yong. (2012) “South Africa’s Role in the BRICS and the G-20: China’s View,”
SAIIA Occasional Paper no. 127 (December). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_127_yong
_20130320.pdf.
 240

Wang Zhengxu and Lim Tin Seng. (2007) “China’s Growing Influence in Africa” in
Interpreting China’s Development by Wang Gungwu and John Wong (eds.). Singapore:
World Scientific Publishing Co. Ltd., pp. 256-260. Also available at
www.eai.nus.edu.sg/BR/BB320.pdf.

Wanene, Caroline W. (2014) Oil Politics in Africa: The Role of China in Southern Sudan:
1990-2011. MA thesis, University of Nairobi. See at
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11295/76721/Wanene
%20Caroline%20W_Oil%20Politics%20in%20Africa--%20the%20Role%20of%20China
%20in%20Southern%20Sudan.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.

Ward, Adam and James Hackett (eds.). (2005) “China’s Scramble for Africa: Growing
Strategic Engagement,” Strategic Comments, 11 (2), pp. 1-2.

Warmerdam, Ward and Meine Pieter van Dijk. (2013) “China-Uganda and the Question
of Mutual Benefits,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 20 (2), pp. 271-295.

__________. (2013) “Chinese State-owned Enterprise Investments in Uganda: Findings

from a Recent Survey of Chinese Firms in Kampala,” Journal of Chinese Political
Science, 18 (3), pp. 281-301.

__________. (2016) “Chinese Traders in Kampala: Status, Challenges, and Impact on

Ugandan Society,” African Studies Quarterly, 16 (3/4), December, pp. 129-148.

Warner, Denis. (1965) “China Fans the Fires,” The Reporter, 32 (1), pp. 16-20.

Warren, Susan. (1978) “China on Africa’s Fight for Independence,” New China, 4 (4), pp.
28-40.

Wasserman, Herman. (2012) “China in South Africa: Media Responses to a Developing

Relationship,” Chinese Journal of Communication, 5 (3), pp. 336-354.

__________. (2013) “China in Africa: The Implications for Journalism,” Ecquid Novi:
African Journalism Studies, 34 (3), pp. 1-5.

__________(ed.). (2015) Reporting China in Africa: Media Discourses on Shifting

Geopolitics. London: Routledge.

__________. (2015) “South Africa and China as BRICS Partners: Media Perspectives on
Geopolitical Shifts,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50 (1), pp. 109-123.

Wasserman, Herman and D. Madrid-Morales. (2018) “How Influential Are Chinese

Media in Africa? An Audience Analysis in Kenya and South Africa.” International
Journal of Communication, 12, pp. 2212-2231.
 241

Wassouni, François. (2010) “La presence chinoise au Cameroun et son influence sur les
pratiques de santé et de soin,” Revue de Sociologie, d’Anthropologie et de Psychologie,
special edition, no. 2, pp. 95-116.

__________. (2013) “Panorama du processus d’expansion de la culture chinoise au

Cameroun entre 1976 et 2013,” Monde Chinois, no. 33, pp. 40-47.

Waweru, Winnie. (2016) Trends and Impacts of China’s FDI in Kenya. Hamburg: Anchor
Academic Publishing.

Webster, Timothy. (2013) “China’s Human Rights Footprint in Africa,” Columbia

Journal of Transnational Law, 51 (3), pp. 626-663. See at http://jtl.columbia.edu/wp-
content/uploads/sites/4/2015/01/51ColumJTransnatlL626.pdf.

Wegenast, Tim, Georg Strüver, Juliane Giesen, and Mario Krauser. (2017) At Africa’s
Expense? Disaggregating the Social Impact of Chinese Mining Operations, GIGA
working paper no. 308 (October). See at https://www.giga-
hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/wp308_wegenast-struever-giesen-krauser.pdf.

Wei Liang, (2008) “New Africa Policy: China’s Quest for Oil and Influence,” in
“Harmonious World” and China’s New Foreign Policy, eds. Sujian Guo and Jean-Marc
F. Blanchard (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books), pp. 153-171.

__________. (2012) “China’s Soft Power in Africa: Is Economic Power Sufficient?”

Asian Perspective 36 (4), pp. 667-692.

Wei Shen and Marcus Power. (2017) “Africa and the Export of China’s Clean Energy
Revolution,” Third World Quarterly, 38 (3), pp. 678-697.

Wei-Wei Zhang. (2007) “China: The New Global Model for Development,” New
Perspectives Quarterly, 24 (1), pp. 12-14.

Weidong Zhu. (2007) China-African Trade and Investment and the Exchange of Law.
Paper delivered in Macau. See at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
abstract_id=2198332.

__________. (2012) “A Brief Analysis of the Disputes Arising from China-African Civil
and Commercial Transactions,” Journal of Cambridge Studies, 7 (3), pp. 74-84. See at
http://journal.acs-cam.org.uk/data/archive/2012/201203-article7.pdf.

__________. (2013) “Arbitration as the Best Option for the Settlement of China-African
Trade and Investment Disputes,” Journal of African Law, 57 (1), pp. 149-163.

Weigel, Moritz and Alexander Demissie. (2017) A New Climate Trilateralism?

Opportunities for Cooperation Between the EU, China and African Countries on
 242

Addressing Climate Change. German Development Institute (August). See at

https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/DP_8.2017.pdf.

Weinstein, Warren (ed.). (1975) Chinese and Soviet Aid to Africa. New York: Praeger.

__________. (1980) “Chinese Aid and Policy in Central Africa” in Soviet and Chinese
Aid to African Nations by Warren Weinstein and Thomas H. Henriksen (eds.). New York:
Praeger, pp. 145-166.

Weiqun Gu. (1995) Conflicts of Divided Nations: The Cases of China and Korea.
Westport, CN: Praeger.

Weiss, Udo. (1974) “China’s Aid to and Trade with the Developing Countries of the
Third World,” in China and the Current Era of Détente by Centre d’Etude du Sud-Est
Asiatique et de l’Extrême-Orient (ed.). Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles.

Weitz, Richard. (2009) “Operation Somalia: China’s First Expeditionary Force?” China
Security, 5 (1), pp. 27-43.

__________. (2009) “Priorities and Challenges in China’s Naval Deployments in the

Horn of Africa,” China Brief, 9 (24), pp. 9-12.

Wekesa, Bob. (2013) “Emerging Trends and Patterns in China-Africa Media Dynamics: A
Discussion from an East African Perspective,” Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies,
34 (3), pp. 62-78.

__________. (2013) “The Media Framing of China’s Image in East Africa: An

Exploratory Study,” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 1 (March), pp. 15-41.

__________. (2013) “Optimism Versus Pessmism: An Exploratory Analysis of China in

Zambian Media,” Zambia Social Science Journal 4 (2) November, pp. 4-23. See at
http://saipar.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Zambia-Social-Science-Journal_Vol.-4-No.-
2.pdf.

__________. (2014) “Whose Event? Official versus Journalistic Framing of the Fifth
Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC V),” Journal of African Media Studies, 6
(1), pp. 57-70.

__________. (2015) “China’s Silk Road Economic Belt: African Perspectives and
Implications,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, issue 1 & 2 (June), pp.
144-160.

__________. (2017) “New Directions in the Study of Africa-China Media and

Communications Engagements,” Journal of African Cultural Studies, 29 (1), pp. 11-24.
 243

Wen Jiabao. (2006) “Strengthen China-Africa Cooperation for Mutual Benefit,” address
at the opening ceremony of the high-level dialogue between Chinese and African leaders
and business representatives and the Second Conference of Chinese and African
Entrepreneurs on 4 November. See at www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/zyjh/t279849.htm.

Wenhui Gong and Kenneth Nehrbass. (2017) “Reaching Out to Diaspora Chinese in East
Africa: Barriers and Bridges,” Missiology: An International Review 45 (3), pp. 236-251.

Wenran Jiang. (2006) “China Makes ‘Great Leaps Outward’ in Regional Diplomacy,”
International Journal, 61 (2), pp. 329-340.

__________. (2006) “China’s Booming Energy Ties with Africa,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and
4 (October/December), pp. 6-7.

__________. (2006) “China’s Booming Energy Relations with Africa,” China Brief, 6
(13), pp. 3-5.

__________. (2007) “Hu’s Safari: China’s Emerging Strategic Partnerships in Africa,”

China Brief, 7 (4), pp. 5-7.

__________. (2009) “Chinese Inroads in DR Congo: A Chinese ‘Marshall Plan’ or

Business?” China Brief, 9 (1), pp. 8-11.

__________. (2009) “Fuelling the Dragon: China’s Rise and Its Energy and Resources
Extraction in Africa,” The China Quarterly, no. 199 (September), pp. 585-609.

__________. (2010) “Deepening Chinese Stakes in West Africa: The Case of Ghana,”
China Brief, 10 (4), 2-5.

Wenzel, Eva. (2010) China Presence in Cameroon: “Winners and Losers in the Chinese-
Cameroon Cooperation”. Paris: HEI. See at http://onwconsultants.com/Memoire-
China---Cameroon.pdf.

Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S., M.P. Falcão, and L. Putzel. (2013) “Facing China’s Demand for
Timber: An Analysis of Mozambique’s Forest Concession System with Insights from
Cabo Delgado Province,” International Forestry Review 15 (3), pp. 387-397. See at
https://www.illegal-
logging.info/sites/default/files/Mozambique_forest_concession_system.pdf.

Western Cape Trade and Investment Promotion Agency. (2006) “China Country Brief,”
South Africa’s Western Cape handbook for doing business with China, pp. 1-52.

Wethal, Ulrikke. (2018) “Beyond the China Factor: Challenges to Backward Linkages in
the Mozambican Construction Sector,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 56 (2), pp.
325-351.
 244

Wheatley, Paul. (1975) “Analecta Sino-Africana Recensa” and “Notes on Chinese Texts
Containing References to East Africa” in East Africa and the Orient: Cultural Syntheses
in Pre-Colonial Times by H. Neville Chittick and Robert I. Rotberg (eds.). New York:
Africana Publishing Co., pp. 76-114 and 284-290.

Wheeler, Anita C. (2008) “Angola and Sudan’s Foreign Policy toward China: An
Analysis of the Human Security Impacts of These Countries.” Master’s thesis, Howard
University.

__________. (2014) “Cultural Diplomacy, Language Planning, and the Case of the
University of Nairobi Confucius Institute,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49 (1),
pp. 49-63.

Wheeler, Thomas. (2012) “Development through Peace: Could China’s Economic

Cooperation with South Sudan Be More Conflict-sensitive?” Global Review (winter), pp.
19-22.

__________. (2013) “Peace through Prevention: Practical Steps for Deepening China-
Africa Security Co-operation.” The China Monitor, No. 3, pp. 62-82.

White, Lyal and Phil Alves. (2006) “China in Africa: A Relationship of (Un)equals in the
Developing World,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 55-62.

Wiart, Ludovic. (2012) The Chinese Angola-Mode in Africa: The Case Study of Angola
and Sudan. MA dissertation. The University of Hong Kong. See at
https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/199863/2/FullText.pdf?accept=1.

Wild, Herman. (2009) “South Africa’s Textile and Clothing Industry: Reflecting on Two
Years of Quotas on Textile and Clothing Imports,” The China Monitor (February), pp. 13-
16.

Wild, Leni. (2006) “China, Africa and the G8: The Missing Link,” Open Democracy, (7
October). See at www.opendemocracy.net/node/3725/print.

__________ and David Mepham (eds.). (2006) The New Sinosphere: China in Africa.
London: Institute for Public Policy Research.

Wild, Mark. (2015) “The New Face of Humanitarian Aid Intervention: China and Its
Growing Role in the Realm of African Development,” Perceptions: Journal of
International Affairs, 20 (1), pp. 93-107.

Wilhelm, Janet. (2006) “The Chinese Communities in South Africa,” in State of the
Nation South Africa 2005-2006 by Sakhela Buhlungu, John Daniel, Roger Southall and
Jessica Lutchman (eds.). Pretoria: HSRC Press.
 245

Wilensky, Julie. (2002) “The Magical Kunlun and ‘Devil Slaves’: Chinese Perceptions of
Dark-skinned People and Africa before 1500,” Sino-Platonic Papers, no. 122 (July). See
at http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp122_chinese_africa.pdf.

Wilkes, Andreas. (2016) “China-Africa Forest Trade and Investment: An Overview with
Analysis for Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Uganda,”
IIED country report (October). See at http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17585IIED.pdf.

Wilson, Dick. (1964) “China’s Economic Relations with Africa,” Race and Class, 5 (4),
pp. 61-71.

__________. (1964) “The Chinese in Africa,” Far Eastern Economic Review,” 46 (10),
pp. 489-491.

__________. (1965) “The Algiers Fiasco,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 50 (7), pp.
327 & 329-330.

__________. (1965) “Peking’s African Image,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 49 (6),
pp. 249-251.

Wilson, Ernest J. (2005) “China’s Influence in Africa: Implications for U.S. Policy,”
Testimony before the Sub-Committee on Africa, Human Rights and International
Operations, U.S. House of Representatives, 28 July.

Winton, Douglas W. (2013-14) “Economic Statecraft: China in Africa,” Parameters 43

(4), pp. 99-110. See at
http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/issues/winter_2013/10_winton_article.pdf

Wissenbach, Uwe. (2007) “China, Africa and Europe,” The World Today, 63 (4), pp. 7-9.

__________. (2007) “Partners in Competition? The EU, Africa and China,” summary
proceedings of a conference in Brussels on 28 June. See at
http://zz04w1.chinaw3.com/download/political/summary_of_proceedings.doc.

__________. (2008) “The EU, China and Africa: Global Governance through Functional
Multilateralism,” Studia Diplomatica, 61 (3), pp. 69-89.

__________. (2009) “The EU’s Response to China’s Africa Safari: Can Triangular Co-
operation Match Needs?” European Journal of Development Research, 21 (4), pp. 662-
674.

__________ and Yuan Wang. (2016) “Local Politics Meets Chinese Engineers: A Study
of the Chinese-built Standard Gauge Railway Project in Kenya,” China-Africa Research
Initiative Policy Brief no. 16 (October), pp. 1-4. See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/57ff9dba46c3c43cac
3467c8/1476369851139/kenya+v2.pdf.
 246

__________. (2017) “African Politics Meets Chinese Engineers: The Chinese-built

Standard Gauge Railway Project in Kenya and East Africa,” China-Africa Research
Initiative Working Paper no. 13 (June), pp. 1-30. See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/594d739f3e00bed37
482d4fe/1498248096443/SGR+v4.pdf.

Wolf, Christina. (2016) “China and Latecomer-industrialization Processes in Sub-Saharan

Africa: Situating the Role of (Industrial) Policy,” African Review of Economics and
Finance, 8 (1), pp. 45-77.

__________. (2016) “China and Latecomer Industrialization Processes in Sub-Saharan

Africa: A Case of Combined and Uneven Development,” World Review of Political
Economy, 7 (2), pp. 249-284.

Wolfe, Adam. (2006) “The Increasing Importance of African Oil,” Power and Interest
News Report (20 March). See at www.pinr.com/report.php?
ac=view_report&report_id=460&language_id=1.

__________. (2006) “Upcoming Summit Highlights Africa’s Importance to China,”

Power and Interest News Report (3 November 3). See at www.pinr.com/report.php?
ac=view_printable&report_id=578&language_id=1.

__________. (2007) “China Invests in Somalia Despite Instability,” Power and Interest
News Report (23 July). See at www.pinr.com/report.php?
ac=view_report&report_id=667&language_id=1.

__________. (2007) “Ethiopian Attack Is Latest Test of China’s Strategy in Africa,”

World Politics Review (1 May). See at www.worldpoliticsreview.com/article.aspx?
id=745.

Wolfe, Alvin W. (1970) “Tanzania-Zambia Railway: Escape Route from Neocolonial

Control?” in Nonaligned Third World Annual. St. Louis: Books International of D.H.-T.E.
International, pp. 92-103.

Wolfstone, Daniel. (1964) “Sino-African Economics,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 43

(7), pp. 349-351.

Woltmann, Sabrina. (2013 Impacts of China’s Investment in South Africa. MA thesis,

Aalborg University. See at
http://projekter.aau.dk/projekter/files/78933492/Master_Thesis_Sabrina_Woltmann.pdf.

Won Kidane. (2011) China-Africa Dispute Settlement: The Law, Culture and Economics
of Arbitration. Leiden: Kluwer Law International.
 247

__________ (2016) “China’s Bilateral Investment Treaties with African States in

Comparative Context,” Cornell International Law Journal, 49 (1) (winter), pp. 141-177.

Won Kidane and Weidong Zhu. (2014) “China-Africa Investment Treaties: Old Rules,
New Challenges,” Fordham International Law Journal, 37 (4) May, pp. 1035-1085. See
at https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1489&context=faculty.

Wong, John and Sarah Chan. (2003) “China’s Outward Direct Investment: Expanding
Worldwide,” China: An International Journal, 1 (2), pp. 273-301.

Wong, Monica. (2006) “Chinese Workers in the Garment Industry in Africa: Implications
of the Contract Labour Dispatch System on the International Labour Movement,”
Labour, Capital and Society, 39 (1), pp. 69-111.

Wood, Frances and Gerry O’Kane. (1986) “China and Africa,” New African, no. 228
(September), pp. 51-62.

Wood, Peter. (2017) “20,000 Li Over the Sea: China’s Sends Troops to First Permanent
Base in Djibouti,” China Brief, 17 (10) 21 July, pp. 1-3.

Woods, Ngaire. (2008) “Whose Aid? Whose Influence? China, Emerging Donors and the
Silent Revolution in Development Assistance,” International Affairs, 84 (6), pp. 1205-
1221.

World Bank. (2012) Chinese FDI in Ethiopia: A World Bank Survey (November). See at
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/151961468038140377/pdf/NonAsciiFileNam
e0.pdf.

World Bank Institute. (2008) “An Experience-Sharing Program on Development between

China and Africa: A Briefing Note,” See at
http://info.worldbank.org/etools/ChinaAfricaKS/docs/Briefing-Notes.pdf.

World Tourism Organization. (2010) Study on Chinese Outbound Travel to Africa. See at
http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413690.

World Wildlife Federation. (2012) “Africa and China: Cooperation for Sustainability,”
WWF briefing note (9 March). See at
http://awsassets.panda/org/downloads/wwf_briefing_note_africa_china_cooperation_for_
sustainability_en_1.pdf.

__________. (2014) Feasibility Study to Promote Low-Carbon, Best Available

Technologies from China to Africa within the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
(FOCAC). See at
http://awassets.wwf.org.za/downloads/china_on_africa_report__low_res.pdf.

Wright, Logan. (2001) “Seizing an Opportunity: The Changing Character of Chinese

Arms Sales to Africa,” Armed Forces Journal International (October), pp. 92-95.
 248

Wright, Richard. (1956) The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference.
Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.

Wu, Friedrich and Koh De Wei. (2014) “From Financial Assets to Financial Statecraft:
The Case of China and Emerging Economies of Africa and Latin America,” Journal of
Contemporary China, 23 (89), pp. 781-803.

Wu Hongying and Dao Shulin. (2001) “China vs. the Third World,” Contemporary
International Relations, 11 (9), pp. 1-13.

Wu Lei and Shen Qinyu. (2006) “Will China Go to War over Oil?” Far Eastern
Economic Review, 169 (3), pp. 38-40.

Wu Miaofa. (2007) “A Significant Change,” Beijing Review, 50 (19), pp. 10-11.

Wu Yabin and Bai Xiao. (2017) “China’s Infrastructure Development Strategy in Africa:
Mutual Gain?” Bridges Africa 6 (2) March, pp. 15-18. See at
https://www.ictsd.org/sites/default/files/bridges_africa_march_2017.pdf.

Wu, Yu-Shan. (2012) “The Rise of China’s State-led Media Dynasty in Africa,” SAIIA
Occasional Paper No. 117 (June), pp. 1-31. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_
%20117_wu_20120618.pdf.

__________. (2013) “The Role of Public Sentiment and Social Media in the Evolving
China-Africa Relationship,” SAIIA Occasional Paper No. 134 (January), pp. 1-24. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/occasional_papers_above_100/saia_sop_134_wu_2
0130226.pdf.

__________. (2013) “The Political and Diplomatic Implications of Social Media: The
Cases of China and South Africa,” African East-Asian Affairs, issue 1 (March), pp. 70-93.

__________. (2015) “Not Beating around the Bush: Understanding China and South
Africa’s Illegal Wildlife Trade,” SAIIA Policy Insights no. 28 (October), pp. 1-12.

__________. (2016) “China’s Media and Public Diplomacy Approach in Africa:

Illustrations from South Africa,” Chinese Journal of Communication, 9 (1), pp. 81-97.

Wu Zhengyu and Ian Taylor. (2011) “From Refusal to Engagement: Chinese

Contributions in Peacekeeping in Africa,” Journal of African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 137-
154.

Wuthnow, Joel. (2008) “The Concept of Soft Power in China’s Strategic Discourse,”
Issues and Studies, 44 (2), pp. 1-28.
 249

Xia Liping. (2013) “An Analysis of China’s Consular Protection Practice in Africa,” The
China Monitor, No. 3, pp. 83-106.

Xiangcheng Wang and Tao Sun. (2014) “China’s Engagement in Global Health
Governance: A Critical Analysis of China’s Assistance to the Health Sector of Africa,”
Journal of Global Health, 4 (1). See at
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073246/.

Xiao, Allen Hai. (2015) “In the Shadow of the States: The Informalities of Chinese Petty
Entrepreneurship in Nigeria,” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44 (1), pp. 75-105.

Xiao Han. (2018) Money, Markets and Hydropower” Chinese Dam Construction in
Africa. PhD thesis. University of Melbourne. See at https://minerva-
access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/208834/Thesis_hanx_2018Mar.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Xiaofang Shen. (2013) “Private Chinese Investment in Africa: Myths and Realities,”
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6311 (January), pp. 1-47. See at
http://papers.ssrn.com/so13/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2198780.

Xiaohong Liu. (2001) Chinese Ambassadors: The Rise of Diplomatic Professionalism

since 1949. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Xiaohong Xu. (2017) “China’s Engagement in African Security Affairs in the Post-Cold
War Era,” International Relations and Diplomacy 5 (7) July, pp. 412-415. See at
http://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/59a38bf079db5.pdf.

Xiaohua Yu and Hengfu Zou. (2008) “Lessons of Chinese Agricultural Development for
Africa,” paper prepared for African Green Revolution Bellagio Conference, pp. 1-20.
See at http://econ.gsm.pku.edu.cn/Hzou/paper/WorkingP/YuZou-Lessons%20of
%20Chinese%20Agricultural%20Development%20for%20Africa.doc.

Xiaojun Li. (2017) “Does Conditionality Still Work? China’s Development Assistance
and Democracy in Africa,” Chinese Political Science Review. See at
http://paperity.org/p/78973013/does-conditionality-still-work-chinas-development-
assistance-and-democracy-in-africa.

Xiaolei Shen. (2017) “Integration of Newcomers into Local Communities: An Analysis of

New Chinese Immigrants in Zimbabwe,” in Contemporary Chinese Diasporas by Min
Zhou (ed.). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 79-101.

Xiaoling Zhang. (2013) “How Ready Is China for a China-style World Order? China’s
State Media Discourse under Construction,” Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 34
(3), pp. 79-101. Also available at https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/cpi/documents/working-
papers/working-paper-8.pdf.
 250

Xiaoling Zhang, Herman Wasserman, and Winston Mano (eds). (2016) China’s Media
and Soft Power in Africa: Promotion and Perceptions. Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete. (2017) Chinese Medical Teams in the DRC: A Comparative Case
Study. China Africa Research Initiative policy brief no. 21 (October). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/5a0d9680e4966bbd
236d9d49/1510839936743/xiaoxiao+v8.pdf.

Xiaoxue Weng et. al. (2014) “The Africa-China Timber Trade,” CIFOR Brief, no. 28
(March), pp. 1-12.

Xiaoxue Weng and Lila Buckley (eds.). (2016) “Chinese Businesses in Africa:
Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility and the Role of Chinese Government
Policies,” International Institute for Environment and Development discussion paper
(February). See at http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17581IIED.pdf.

Xiaoyang Tang. (2010) “Bulldozer or Locomotive? The Impact of Chinese Enterprises on

the Local Employment in Angola and the DRC,” Journal of Asian and African Studies,
45 (3), pp. 350-368.

Xiaoyun Li, Dan Banik, Lixia Tang, and Jin Wu. (2014) “Difference or Indifference:
China’s Development Assistance Unpacked,” IDS Bulletin, 45 (4), pp. 22-35.

Xin Ma and Philip Andrews-Speed. (2006) “The Overseas Activities of China’s National
Oil Companies: Rationale and Outlook,” Minerals and Energy, 21 (1), pp. 17-30.

Xin Xin. (2009) “Xinhua News Agency in Africa,” Journal of African Media Studies, 1
(3), August, pp. 363-377.

Xing Susu. (2006) “Sino-African Cooperation in the 21st Century: A New Type of
Strategic Partnership,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 80 (June), pp. 47-56.

Xing Yuchun. (2006) “New Trends in the Relationship between Major Western Countries
and Africa,” China International Studies, no. 4 (fall), pp. 49-64.

Xiong Guangkai. (1997) “China’s Defence Policy and Sino-African Relations,”

International Strategic Studies, no. 3 (July), pp. 1-5.

Xiufang Sun. (2014) Forest Products Trade between China and Africa: An Analysis of
Imort and Export Statistics. Forest Trend Report Series, April. See at http://www.forest-
trends.org/documents/files/doc_4569.pdf.

Xiuli Xu, Gubo Qi, and Xiaoyun Li. (2014) “Business Borderlands: China’s Overseas
State Agribusiness,” IDS Bulletin, 45 (4), pp. 114-124.
 251

Xiuli Xu, Xiaoyun Li, Gubo Qi, Lixia Tang, and Langton Mkwereza. (2016) “Science
Technology, and the Politics of Knowledge: The Case of China’s Agricultural Technology
Demonstration Centers in Africa,” World Development, 81, pp. 82-91. See at
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15301509.

Xu Jiming. (1992) “Prospects for Regional Conflicts in Africa after the Ending of the
Cold War,” in Contemporary African Economic and Political Development: The Second
Sino-US African Studies Conference by George T. Yu (ed.). Urbana, IL: University of
Illinois, pp. 158-169.

__________. (2001) “China’s National Interest and its Relationship with Africa,” Africa
Insight, 31 (2), pp. 38-42.

Xu Jinghu. (2008) “Leap-forward Development Achieved in Sino-African Relations in

the Course of China’s Reform and Opening-up,” Foreign Affairs Journal (March), pp.
32-38.

Xu Qiyu. (2016) National Security Interests and India Ocean: China’s Perspective.
University of Adelaide Law School research paper no. 16-11. See at
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2726377&download=yes.

Xu Weizhong. (2007) “Beijing Summit Promotes Sino-African Relations,”

Contemporary International Relations, 17 (1), pp. 72-79.

__________. (2008) “Viewing the Development of Sino-African Relations in Light of the

Sino-African Cooperation Summit Meeting,” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), pp.
44-55.

Xu Weizhong, Yu Wensheng, and Wang Lei. (2015) “An Analysis of the Security
Situation in Africa,” in International Strategic Relations and China’s National Security,
Volume I ed. by the Institute for Strategic Studies, National Defense University of
People’s Liberation Army. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 263-285.

Xu Yi-chong. (2006) “China’s Energy Security,” Australian Journal of International

Affairs, 60 (2), pp. 265-286.

__________. (2008) “China and the United States in Africa: Coming Conflict or
Commercial Coexistence?” Australian Journal of International Affairs, 62 (1), pp. 16-37.

__________. (2014) “Chinese State-owned Enterprises in Africa: Ambassadors or

Freebooters?” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (89), 822-840.

Xuan Liu and Benoit Lefèvre. (2012) Chinese Influence on Urban Africa. IDDRI. See at
http://www.iddri.org/Publications/Collections/Analyses/STUDY0612_XL
%20BL_Chinese%20influence%20on%20urban%20Africa.pdf.
 252

Xue Lei. (2012) “China’s Role in Sudan and South Sudan Peacekeeping Operations,”
Global Review, pp. 12-14.

Xue Mouhong. (1991) “Sino-African Technical Cooperation,” Asian Review, 5 (March),

pp. 103-110.

Xuetong Yan. (1988) “Sino-African Relations in the 1990s,” CSIS Africa Notes, no. 84,
(18 April), pp. 1-5.

Xuewu Gu. (2005) “China Returns to Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, no. 9 (February),
pp. 1-19. See at www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%2059.pdf.

__________. (2006) “Chinas Engagement in Afrika: Trends und Perspektiven,”

Internationale Zusammenarbeit, no 10, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Berlin). Paper in
German with summary in English. See at
www.kas.de/db_files/dokumente/auslandsinformationen/7_dokument_dok_pdf_9513_1.p
df.

Ya-chün, Chang. (1981) “Peiping’s African Policy in the 1970s,” Issues and Studies, 17
(2), pp. 44-58.

__________. (1981) Chinese Communist Activities in Africa – Policies and Challenges.

Taipei: World Anti-Communist League, China Chapter.

__________. (1982) “On Current Chinese Communist Relations with the Third World,”
Issues and Studies, 18 (11), pp. 63-82.

__________. (1983) “Chao Tzu-yang’s Visit to Africa,” Issues and Studies, 19 (1), pp.
10-13.

__________. (1983) “An Appraisal of Chao Tzu-yang’s Visit to Africa,” Issues and
Studies, 19 (2), pp. 8-11.

Yadav, Dhanwati. (2017) “Oil Politics Interacts with Geopolitics in the Indian Ocean:
China’s Creeping Assertiveness Clubbing India-US,” International Journal of Academic
Research 5 (1), pp. 338-353. See at http://www.ijarsite.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/IJAR-4-6-2017.pdf.

Yadav, Surya Narain. (2008) India, China and Africa: New Partnership in Energy
Security. New Delhi: Jnanada Prakashan.

Yahuda, Michael B. (1978) China’s Role in World Affairs. London: Croom Helm.

__________. (2007) “China’s Foreign Policy Comes of Age,” The International

Spectator, 42 (3), pp. 337-350.
 253

Yan Wei. (2009) “The China-Africa Saga: China and Africa Make Good Partners in
Development,” Beijing Review, 52 (8), pp. 10-12.

Yang, Chloe. (2008) “Corporate Social Responsibility and China’s Overseas Extractive
Industry Operations: Achieving Sustainable Natural Resource Extraction,” Foundation
for Environmental Security and Sustainability Issue Brief (August). See at www.fess-
global.org/issuebriefs/CSR_China.pdf.

Yang Fuchang. (2014) “Invigorating Sino-Arab Relations by ‘One Belt and One Road’
Strategy,” Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 8 (4), pp. 1-25.

Yang Guang. (2007) “China and the United States ‘Do Not Have Strategic Conflicts’ in
Africa,” Council on Foreign Relations interview (28 November). See at
www.cfr.org/publication/14870/guang.html.

Yang Jiao. (2015) “Chinese Agribusiness Entrepreneurship in Africa: Case Studies in

Ghana and Nigeria,” SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative policy brief no. 5 (January),
pp.1-6.

Yang Lihua. (2004) “China-Africa Relations: Review and Perspective,” paper presented
at the African Study Centre, Leiden University, the Netherlands.

__________. (2006) “Africa: A View from China,” South African Journal of

International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 23-32.

Yang Wenchang. (2006) “The Future Course of China’s Diplomacy—CPC Central

Committee Meeting on China’s Foreign Affairs,” Foreign Affairs Journal, issue 82
(winter), pp. 44-48.

Yang Yang (2009). “African Traders in Guangzhou, China: Routes, Profits, and Reasons,”
unpublished paper. See at
www.cuhk.edu.hk/ant/PostgraduateForum2011/Econ/YANGYang.pdf.

Yang Yang and Noah Altman. (2011) “A New Silk Road: African Traders in South
China,” The China Monitor, April, pp. 4-7.

Yanning Chen. (2016) “A Comparative Analysis: The Sustainable Development Impact

of Two Wind Farms in Ethiopia,” China Africa Research Initiative working paper 7
(November). See at
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/583dca51d1758e46f
f33fddb/1480444498737/CARI%2BWP%2B07+Ethiopia.pdf.

Yangiu Zhang. (2014) Understand China’s Media in Africa from the Perspective of
Constructive Journalism. Paper presented at the international conference on China and
Africa Media, Communications and Public Diplomacy in Beijing 10-11 September. See
at https://www.cmi.no/file/2922-.pdf.
 254

Yankson, Paul W.K., Alex B. Asiedu, Kwadwo Owusu, Frauke Urban, and Giuseppina
Siciliano. (2018) “The Livelihood Challenges of Resettled Communities of the Bui Dam
Project in Ghana and the Role of Chinese Dam-builders,” Development Policy Review, 36
(S1), pp. 476-494.

Yanqiu Zhang and Jane Muthoni Mwangi. (2016) “A Perception Study on China’s Media
Engagement in Kenya: From Media Presence to Power Influence?” Chinese Journal of
Communication, 9 (1), pp. 71-80.

Yanyin Zi. (2014) “Unravelling the ‘Fongkong’ Phenomenon in Botswana through

Analyzing the Relationship among Mass Media, Governmental Activities and Local
Voices,” Psychologia 57, pp. 259-274. See at
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/psysoc/57/4/57_259/_pdf.

__________. (2015) “The Challenges for Chinese Merchants in Botswana: A Middleman

Minority Perspective,” Journal of Overseas, 11 (1), pp. 21-42.

__________. (2015) “The ‘Fong Kong’ Phenomenon in Botswana: A Perspective on

Globalisation from Below,” African East-Asian Affairs: The China Monitor, issue 1
(June), pp. 6-27.

Yanzhong Huang. (2017) “China’s Response to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa,”
Global Challenges, 1 (2). See at
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gch2.201600001/full.

Yanzhuo Xu. (2014) China and Its International Responsibility in Africa. PhD Thesis,
University of Durham. See at http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10914/1/Y.XU
%E2%80%98s_thesis_China_and_its_International_Responsibility_in_Africa_.pdf?
DDD35+.

__________. (2018) China, Africa and Responsible International Engagement. New

York: Routledge.

Yao Kuangyi. (2005) “Reforms in the Arab World and Development of China-Arab
Relations,” International Studies, 3 (May), pp. 40-54.

Yao, Yuanming Alvin. (2006) “China’s Oil Strategy and Its Implications for U.S.-China
Relations,” Issues and Studies, 42 (3), pp. 165-201.

Yap, Melanie and Dianne Leong Man. (1996) Colour, Confusion and Concessions: The
History of the Chinese in South Africa. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Yates, Douglas A. (2006) “Chinese Oil Interests in Africa,” unpublished paper dated 4
December, pp. 1-10.
 255

Yaw Baah, Anthony and Herbert Jauch (eds.). (2009) Chinese Investments in Africa: A
Labour Perspective. African Labour Research Network (May). See at
www.fnv.nl/binary/report2009_chinese_investments_in_africa_tcm7-23663.pdf.

Yi Yimin. (2011) “China Probes its Africa Model,” Chinadialogue, 18 August. See at
www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/4470.

__________. (2013) “Improving China’s Aid and Investment to Africa with a More Open
Attitude,” in Chinese Research Perspectives on the Environment, vol. 1 (Urban
Challenges, Public Participation, and Natural Disasters), ed. Yang Dongping. Leiden:
Brill, 381-390.

Yifu Lin, Justin and Yan Wang. (2014) China-Africa Co-operation in Structural
Transformation: Ideas, Opportunities, and Finances. WIDER working paper 2014/046,
United Nations University (February). See at
https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-046.pdf.

Yin Chengde. (2006) “Premier Zhou Enlai and Sino-African Relations,” China
International Studies, no. 4 (fall), pp. 65-80.

Yin He. (2007) “China’s Changing Policy on UN Peacekeeping Operations,” Institute for
Security and Development Policy Asia Paper (July), pp. 1-71. See at
www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/silkroadpapers/2007/YinHe0409073.pdf.

Yin, Jason Z. and Sofia Vaschetto. (2011) “China’s Business Engagement in Africa,” The
Chinese Economy, 44 (2), pp. 43-57.

Ying Liu, Zhongping Chen, and Gregory Blue (eds.) (2014) Zheng He’s Maritime
Voyages (1405-1433) and China’s Relations with the Indian Ocean World: A Multilingual
Bibliography. Leiden: Brill.

Ying, Y.L. (1964) “The Chinese Communists in Africa,” Free China and Asia,
(November), pp. 16-19.

Yinying Lu, et al. (2016) “Chinese Military Medical Teams in the Ebola Outbreak of
Sierra Leone,” Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 162 (3), pp. 198-202. See at
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4893094/pdf/jramc-2015-000562.pdf.

Yiwei Wang. (2008) “Public Diplomacy and the Rise of Chinese Soft Power,” Annals of
the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 616, pp. 257-273.

Yongnian Zheng and Sow Keat Tok. (2007) “‘Harmonious Society’ and ‘Harmonious
World’: China’s Policy Discourse under Hu Jintao,” The University of Nottingham
Briefing Series, issue 26 (October). See at www.nottingham.ac.uk/China-policy-
institute/publications/documents/Briefing_26_Harmonious_Society_and_Harmonious_W
orld.pdf.
 256

Yoshihara, Toshi and James R. Holmes. (2008) “China’s Energy-Driven ‘Soft Power’,”
Orbis, 52 (1), pp. 123-137.

Youde, Jeremy. (2007) “Why Look East? Zimbabwean Foreign Policy and China,” Africa
Today, 53 (3), pp. 3-19.

__________. (2010) “China’s Health Diplomacy in Africa,” China: An International

Journal, 8 (1), pp. 151-163.

Youlou, Fulbert. (1966) J’accuse la Chine. Paris: La Table Ronde.

Youngman, Frank. (2014) “Engaging Academically with China in Africa—the

Institutional Approach of the University of Botswana,” The China Monitor, issue 3
(September), pp. 18-36.

__________. (2017) “A Study of Perspectives on How to Enhance Botswana-China

Relations,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University discussion paper # 1
(August). See at http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/CCS-Discusssion-
Paper_Botswana-and-China.docx.pdf.

Yu, George T. (1963) “Peking versus Taipei in the World Arena: Chinese Competition in
Africa,” Asian Survey, 3 (9), pp. 439-453.

__________. (1964) “Chinese Rivalry in Africa,” Race and Class, 5 (4), 35-47.

__________. (1965) “Sino-African Relations: A Survey,” Asian Survey, 5 (7), pp. 321-
332.

__________. (1966) “China’s Failure in Africa,” Asian Survey, 6 (8), pp. 461-468.

__________. (1968) “Dragon in the Bush: Peking’s Presence in Africa,” Asian Survey, 8
(12), pp. 1018-1026.

__________. (1970) China and Tanzania: A Study in Cooperative Interaction. Berkeley:

University of California Center for Chinese Studies.

__________. (1970) “China’s Competitive Diplomacy in Africa,” in The Dynamics of

China’s Foreign Relations by Jerome Alan Cohen (ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, pp. 69-87.

__________. (1971) “Working on the Railroad: China and the Tanzania-Zambia

Railway,” Asian Survey, 11 (11), pp. 1101-1117.

__________. (1972) “Peking’s African Diplomacy,” Problems of Communism, 21 (2), pp.

16-24.
 257

__________. (1975) China’s African Policy: A Study of Tanzania. New York: Praeger.

__________. (1977) “China and the Third World,” Asian Survey, 17 (11), pp. 1036-1048.

__________. (1977) “China’s Role in Africa,” Annals of the American Academy of

Political and Social Science, 432 (July), pp. 96-109.

__________. (1978) “China’s Impact,” Problems of Communism, 27 (January-February),

pp. 40-50.

__________. (1979) “China’s Quest for National Security and Political Influence: The
Indian Ocean Connection,” Seoul National University/Institute of Social Sciences
Seminar Paper No. 2 (April), pp. 1-30.

__________. (1980) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry in Africa,” in Communism in Africa by David

E. Albright (ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 168-188.

__________. (1980) “The Tanzania-Zambia Railway: A Case Study in Chinese Economic

Aid to Africa” in Soviet and Chinese Aid to African Nations by Warren Weinstein and
Thomas H. Henriksen (eds.). New York: Praeger, pp. 117-144.

__________. (1988) “Africa in Chinese Foreign Policy,” Asian Survey, 28 (8), pp. 849-
962.

__________. (2009) China, Africa, and Globalization: The “China Alternative,” Institute
for Security and Develoment Policy, Sweden. See at
http://isdp.eu/content/uploads/publications/2009_yu_china-africa-and-globalization.pdf.

__________. (2010) “China’s Africa Policy: South-South Unity and Cooperation,” in

China, the Developing World, and the New Global Dynamic, eds. Lowell Dittmer and
George T. Yu (Boulder: CO, Lynne Rienner), pp. 129-156.

__________ and David J. Longenecker. (1994) “The Beijing-Taipei Struggle for

International Recognition: From the Niger Affair to the U.N.” Asian Survey, 34 (5), pp.
475-488.

Yu Hongyuan. (2014) “The Energy-Water-Food Nexus and Its Implications for China-
Africa Cooperation on Climate Change,” Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental
Studies, 2 (2) December.

Yu Xintian. (2008) “Soft Power Enhancement and China’s External Strategy,” China
International Studies, no. 12 (fall), pp. 20-35.

Yu Ye. (2014) “Climate Finance, Africa and China’s Role,” African East-Asian Affairs:
The China Monitor, no. 1 (March), pp. 36-57.
 258

Yu Zheng. (2016) China’s Aid and Investment in Africa: A Viable Solution to

International Development? Fudan University. See at
https://www.hhs.se/contentassets/bc7089cd2c364b2cae4c287184ad743b/yu-zheng---
chinas-aid-and-investment-in-africa-.pdf.

Yu Zheng and Shiping Tang. (2017) Development and Industrialization in Ethiopia:

Reflections from China’s Experience. Fudan University Scool of International Relations
and Public Affairs Think Tank Report Series (November). See at
http://www.sirpa.fudan.edu.cn/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Development-and-
Industrialization-in-Ethiopia-Reflections-from-China’s-Experience.pdf.

Yuan Peng. (2007) “A Harmonious World and China’s New Diplomacy,” Contemporary
International Relations, 17 (3), pp. 1-26.

Yuan Wu. (2006) China and Africa 1956-2006. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press.

Yufang Gao and Susan G. Clark. (2014) “Elephant Ivory Trade in China: Trends and
Drivers,” Biological Conservation, 180, pp. 23-30.

Yufang Gao, Kelly J. Stoner, Andy T.L. Lee and Susan G. Clark. (2016) “Rhino Horn
Trade in China: An Analysis of the Art and Antiques Market,” Biological Conservation
201 (September), pp. 343-347.

Yun Sun. (2014) “Africa in China’s Foreign Policy,” Brookings (April). See at
www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2014/04/africa%20china%20policy
%20sun/africa%20in%20china%20web_cmg7.pdf.

__________. (2015) “The Sixth Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: New Agenda and
New Approach?” in Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2015, Africa
Growth Initiative at Brookings (January), 10-13.

Yun Sun, Julius Agbor, and Jessica Smith. (2013) “China’s New Leadership and Sino-
Africa Relations,” Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2013, Brookings
Institution (January). See at
www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2013/01/foresight
%20africa/foresight_sun_2013.pdf.

Yung, Christopher D., Ross Tustici, Scott Devary, and Jenny Lin. (2014) “‘Not an Idea
We Have to Shun’: Chinese Overseas Basing Requirements in the 21st Century,” Center
for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Institute for National Strategic Studies,
National Defense University, Washington, D.C. (October).

Yunnan Chen. (2018) China’s Role in Nigerian Railway Development and Implications
for Security and Development. USIP Special Report 423 (April). See at
 259

https://www.usip.org/publications/2018/04/chinas-role-nigerian-railway-development-
and-implications-security-and.

Yunnan Chen and David G. Landry. (2016) “Capturing the Rains: A Comparative Study
of Chinese Involvement in Cameroon’s Hydropower Sector,” SAIS China-Africa
Research Initiative Working Paper 5 (August).

__________. (2018) “Capturing the Rains: Comparing Chinese and World Bank
Hydropower Projects in Cameroon and Pathways for South-South and North South
Technology Transfer,” Energy Policy, 115, pp. 561-571.

Yunnan Chen, et al. (2016) “Learning from China? Manufacturing, Investment, and
Technology Transfer in Nigeria,” SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative Working Paper 2
(January). See at http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/130856.

Zadek, Simon, et al. (2009) “Responsible Business in Africa: Chinese Business Leaders’
Perspectives on Performance and Enhancement Opportunities,” Harvard University
Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative, working paper no. 54 (November), pp 1-65.
See at www.Zadek.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Harvard-Responsible-Business-in-
Africa-2009.pdf.

Zafar, Ali. (2007) “The Growing Relationship between China and Sub-Saharan Africa:
Macroeconomic, Trade, Investment, and Aid Links,” The World Bank Research Observer,
22 (1), pp. 103-130.

Zaharna, R.S., Jennifer Hubbert, and Falk Hartig. (2014) Confucius Institutes and the
Globalization of China’s Soft Power. USC Center on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg
School paper 3. See at
https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/sites/uscpublicdiplomacy.org/files/useruploads/u25044/Co
nfucius%20Institutes%20v2%20(1).pdf.

Zambelis, Chris. (2007) “Public Diplomacy in Sino-Egyptian Relations,” China Brief, 7

(7), pp. 8-9.

__________. (2009) “China’s Inroads into North Africa: An Assessment of Sino-Algerian

Relations,” China Brief, 7 (1), pp. 10-14.

__________. (2009) “Xinjiang Crackdown and Changing Perceptions of China in the

Islamic World,” China Brief, vol. 9, (16), 4-8.

__________. (2012) “A New Egypt Looks to China for Balance and Leverage,” China
Brief, 12 (18), pp. 8-11.

__________ and Brandon Gentry. (2008) “China through Arab Eyes: American Influence
in the Middle East,” Parameters, 38 (1), pp. 60-72.
 260

Zartman, William I. (1960) “Communist China and the Arab-African Area,” United
States Naval Institute Proceedings, 86 (9), pp. 23-30.

Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. (2008) “Dancing with the Dragon: Africa’s Courtship with China,”
The Global South, 2 (2), pp. 171-187.

__________. (2014) “The Africa-China Relationship: Challenges and Opportunities,”

Canadian Journal of African Studies 48 (1), pp. 145-169.

Zeng Aiping. (2015) “China-Africa Governance Exchanges and Experiences,” in FOCAC

2015 A New Beginning of China-Africa Relations ed. by Garth Shelton, Funeka Yazini
April and Li Anshan, Africa Institute of South Africa. See at
http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2015-12/03/content_8424552_2.htm.

Zeng, Douglas Zhihua. (2015) “Global Experiences with Special Economic Zones – With
a Focus on China and Africa,” The World Bank (February), pp. 1-17.

Zeng Qiang. (2002) “Some Reflections on Expanding Sino-African Trade and Economic
Cooperative Relations in the New Century (A Point of View from a Chinese Scholar),”
Tinabantu: Journal of African National Affairs, 1 (1), pp. 65-71.

Zerba, Shaio H. (2014) “China’s Libya Evacuation Operation: A New Diplomatic

Imperative—Overseas Citizen Protection,” Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (90), pp.
1093-1112.

Zha Daojiong. (2006) “China’s Energy Security: Domestic and International Issues,”
Survival, 48 (1), pp. 179-189.

Zhan Shiming. (2008) “Conference Convened on ‘Sensitive Issues in Contemporary

Sino-African Relations’,” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), pp. 29-31.

Zhang Chun. (2012) “China’s Relations with Two Sudans: From ‘One Country, Two
Systems’ to ‘Two Countries, One System’,” Global Review (winter), pp. 3-6.

__________. (2013) “A Promising Partnership between BRICS and Africa: A Chinese

Perspective,” The China Monitor, special edition (March), pp. 30-37.

__________. (2013) “The Sino-Africa Relationship: Toward a New Strategic

Partnership,” in Emerging Powers in Africa, ed. Nicholas Kitchen (London: IDEAS
Reports), pp. 10-18. See at www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/SR016.aspx.

__________. (2014) “China-Zimbabwe Relations: A Model of China-Africa Relations?”

South African Institute of International Affairs occasional paper 205 (November), pp. 1-
29.
 261

__________. (2015) “Shaping China-Africa Co-operation on Post-2015 Agenda,” The

China Monitor: Special Edition FOCAC VI, pp. 14-23.

__________ and Mariam Kemple-Hardy. (2015) “From Conflict Resolution to Conflict

Prevention: China in South Sudan,” Saferworld CPWG briefing 1 (March 31). See at
http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/894-from-conflict-resolution-to-
conflict-prevention-china-in-south-sudan.

Zhang Hongming. (1999) “L’évolution du Commerce entre la Chine et l‘Afrique (1950-

1998),” Marchés Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, issue 2403, pp. 2403-2407.

__________. (2001) “Sino-African Political Co-operation towards the 21st Century,”

Africa Insight, 31 (2), pp. 33-35.

__________(ed). (2014) China-Africa Relations: Review and Analysis Volume 1.

Reading, UK: Paths International Ltd.

Zhang Hongwei. (2012) “Current Sub-Saharan African Situation and China-Africa

Relations,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 103 (Spring), pp. 90-99.

__________. (2013) “China-Africa Relations: Building on Past Achievements and

Striving for New Progress,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 110 (Winter), pp. 41-50.

__________. (2013) “Current Sub-Saharan African Situation and China-Africa

Relations,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 107 (Spring), pp. 71-80.

__________. (2013) “President Xi Jinping Talks about China-Africa Relations and

China’s Policy towards Africa,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 108 (Summer), pp. 17-25.

__________. (2014) “Carrying Forward a Time-honored Tradition and Opening Up a

New Prospect: Foreign Minister Wang Yi Visits Africa,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 111
(Spring), pp. 60-67.

Zhang Qingmin. (2016) “Complex Asymmetry: A Comparative Perspective on China’s

Relations with Africa and Latin America,” Revista Tempo Do Mundo, 2 (2), July, pp 95-
116. See at
http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/6544/1/TdM_v2_n2_Complex.pdf.

Zhang Wenmu. (2006) “Sea Power and China’s Strategic Choices,” China Security, 2 (2),
pp. 17-31.

Zhang Xiang. (2008) “From Sino-African Relations Comes a Steady Stream of

Enlightening Guidance,” Contemporary Chinese Thought, 40 (1), pp. 11-28.
 262

Zhang Xiaofeng. (2010) “Analysis of the Motives of China’s Outward FDI Flow into
Africa: A Case Study of North African Countries,” Journal of Shanghai Normal
University (Philosophy & Social Sciences) issue 5, pp. 97-103.

Zhang Yunfei. (2007) “China-Africa Cooperation within the Framework of the United
Nations,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 83 (Spring), pp. 67-75.

Zhang, Y., Zheng Y., Liu Z., Li QR, and Jingyi Z. (2016) “Technical Promotion and
Poverty Reduction: A Review of China’s Efforts in Africa,” Annals of Agricultural &
Crop Sciences, 1 (2), pp. 1-9.

Zhang Zhongxiang. (2009) “Promoting Sustainable Development of the Forum on China

and Africa Cooperation,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 94 (Winter), pp. 83-95.

Zhangxi Cheng and Ian Taylor. (2017) China’s Aid to Africa: Does Friendship Really
Matter? London: Routledge.

Zhao Gancheng. (2008) “Reform and Opening up Versus Adjustment of China’s

Relations with Other Developing Countries,” China International Studies, no. 13
(Winter), pp. 101-114.

Zhao, Hong. (2008) “China-U.S. Oil Rivalry in Africa,” The Copenhagen Journal of
Asian Studies, 26 (2), pp. 97-119.

Zhao Lei. (2011) “Two Pillars of China’s Global Peace Engagement Strategy: UN
Peacekeeping and International Peacebuilding,” International Peacekeeping, 18 (3), June,
pp. 344-362.

Zhao, Shelly. (2011) “The China-Angola Partnership: A Case Study of China’s Oil
Relations in Africa,” China Briefing News, 25 May.

__________. (2011) “China’s Energy Strategy and the Role of Gov’t Oil in Africa,”
China Briefing News, 3 May.

__________. (2011) “The Geopolitics of China-African Oil,” China Briefing News, 13

April.

Zhengli Huang and Xiangming Chen. (2016) “Is China Building Africa?” All China
Review (22 July). See at http://www.allchinareview.com/is-china-building-africa/.

Zhihua Zeng, Douglas. (2016) “Global Experiences of Special Economic Zones with
Focus on China and Africa: Policy Insights,” Journal of International Commerce,
Economics and Policy, 7 (3), pp. 1-27.

Zhimin Lin. (1989) “China’s Third World Policy” in The Chinese View of the World by
Yufan Hao and Guocang Huan (eds.). New York: Pantheon Books, pp. 225-259.
 263

Zhiqun Zhu. (2007) “China’s New Diplomacy in Africa and Its Implications,” paper
prepared for the 48th International Studies Association annual conference in Chicago on
28 February-3 March, pp. 1-33.

Zhong Jianhua. (2013) “Interview with Edward Paice,” Africa Research Institute (6
August). See at www.africaresearchinstitute.org/publications/ambassador-zhong-jianhua-
on-trade-aid-and-jobs/.

__________. (2014) “China’s Priorities in Africa: Enhancing Engagements,” summary of

remarks at Chatham House in London on 13 June. See at
http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/field/field_document/20140613C
hinasPrioritiesAfrica.pdf.

Zhong Wu and Enjiang Cheng. (2010) “Poverty Alleviation in the People’s Republic of
China: The Implications for Sino-African Cooperation in Poverty Reduction,” African
Development Review, 22 (December supplement), pp. 629-643.

Zhong Yue. (2011) “Comment on Sino-African Resources Cooperation,” Foreign Affairs

Journal (Summer), pp. 69-73.

Zhongguang Niu. (2016) “China’s Development and Its Aid Presence in Africa: A
Critical Reflection from the Perspective of Development Anthropology,” Journal of
Asian and African Studies, 51 (2), pp. 199-221.

Zhongying Pang. (2006) “On China’s Peaceful Rise,” unpublished paper presented in
South Africa at conference hosted by NEPAD 16-17 October. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Pang_Peaceful_Rise.pdf.

Zhou Hang. (2013) “Dragon under the Blue Helmet: A Quantitative Analysis of China’s
Motivation for Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations,” The China Monitor, No. 3,
pp. 31-61.

__________ and Katharina Seibel. (2015) “Maritime Insecurfity in the Gulf of Guinea: A
Greater Role for China?” China Brief, 15 (1), pp. 14-18. See at
https://jamestown.org/program/maritime-insecurity-in-the-gulf-of-guinea-a-greater-role-
for-china/.

Zhou Jinyan. (2015) “Neither ‘Friendship Farm’ nor ‘Land Grab’: Chinese Agricultural
Engagement in Angola,” China Africa Research Initiative at Johns Hopkins University
Policy Brief no. 7 (March), pp. 1-6.

Zhou Jinyan and He Wenping. (2014) Chinese Cooperation in Mozambique and Angola:
A Focus on Agriculture and Health. BRICS Policy Center paper 2 (3) May. See at
http://bricspolicycenter.org/homolog/uploads/trabalhos/6764/doc/1580998141.pdf.
 264

Zhou Wenzhong. (2008) “China-Africa Relations and China’s Policy toward Africa,”
unpublished speech delivered at a conference on China-Africa relations at Howard
University in Washington, D.C. on 31 March.

Zhou Yihuang. (2004) China’s Diplomacy. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press.

Zhu Feng. (2010) “Oil Nexus vs. Diplomatic Crux: China’s Energy Demands, Maritime
Security and the Middle East Aspirations,” in China’s Growing Role in the Middle East:
Implications for the Region and Beyond prepared for the Nixon Center, pp. 31-41. See at
www.nixoncenter.org/full-monograph-chinas-growing-role-in-me.pdf.

Zhu Ming. (2012) “The Sustainable Development of Sino-African Cooperation: Actors,

Gaps and Reforms,” The China Monitor, Special July Edition, pp. 21-30.

Zhu Zhonggui. (1992) “A Probe into Democracy in Africa,” in Contemporary African

Economic and Political Development: The Second Sino-US African Studies Conference
by George T. Yu (ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, pp. 5-13.

Zi Yang. (2014) The Impact of the Emergence of China’s Economy on South Africa. MA
thesis, Laval University.

Zi Yanyin. (2014) “Unravelling the ‘Fongkong’ Phenomenon in Botswana through

Analyzing the Relationship among Mass Media, Governmental Activities and Local
Voices,” Psychologia, 57 (4), pp. 259-274.

Zi Yanyin. (2015) “The Challenges for Chinese Merchants in Botswana: A Middleman

Minority,” Journal of Chinese Overseas, 11 (1), pp. 21-42.

__________ and Monageng Mogalakwe. (2018) “Decoding Relationships between

Chinese Merchants and Batswana Shop Assistants: The Case of China Shops in
Gaborone,” African Study Monographs, 54 (March), pp. 171-189.

Ziegler, Charles E. (2006) “The Energy Factor in China’s Foreign Policy,” Journal of
Chinese Political Science, 11 (1), pp. 1-23.

Ziobro, Denise M. (2008) “The Implications of Chinese Investment on Development in

Sub Saharan Africa: A Zambian Case Study,” Cornell University Program Handbook, 11
(2). Available at www.cipa.cornell.edu/cip_publ.taf?
_function=detail&pt_id=4&ar_id=171.

Ziso, Edson. (2018) A Post State-Centric Abalysis of China-Africa Relations:

Internationalistion of Chinese Capital and State-Society Relations in Ethiopia. Cham,
Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Zongwe, Dunia P. (2009) “Ore for Infrastructure: The Contractual Form of Economic
Complementarities between China and Africa,” The China Monitor (July), pp. 7-11.
 265

Zweig, David and Bi Jianhai. (2005) “China’s Global Hunt for Energy,” Foreign Affairs,
84 (5), pp. 25-38.