FT6404 & Textile Chemical Processing - I

UNIT – IV
PART - A
1. Differentiate between dyeing and printing.

Dyeing Printing
Mono colour application Mono or multi colour application
Dyes are applied liquid form Dyes are applied paste form
Salt is added for better exhaustion Not needed
Not used during printing but applied after printing
Temperature is needed- penetration
( dry and fix the dye)
Water plays important role Thickening agents plays here
Time is required Not need
Half and full bleached fabric is used full bleached fabric only used
Cost is low Higher
Wet or dry condition for fabric Only dry condition
Consumes more time Short time
Consume more water Less water
Open width or rope form Only open width
Uniform colour applied on both side Face is darker and another face paler

2. Write short notes on direct, discharge and resist style printing

 Printing of single or multicolours on white fabric – Direct printing
 Discharge printing is a method where a "dyed" fabric is printed with discharging agents which
selectively destroy the dye – Discharge printing.
 Resist Printing is the process in which a design pattern is printed on a White or Dyed Fabric with a
Chemical or Wax that will prevent the dyes from penetrating the fabric. When it is dyed, the color
is absorbed only where there is no resisting agent is applied. After dyeing the resist is removed.
3. What are the methods used in printing?
 Hand block printing
o Stencil printing
o Screen printing
 Table screen printing
 Automatic flatbed screen printing
 Rotary screen printing
 Roller printing
 Transfer printing
o Flat bed
o Continuous transfer
o Vaccum transfer
 Digital Inkjet Printing
4. Write a note on advantage and disadvantage of table screen printing, flat bed, and rotary screen
printing m/c.
 Table Screen Printing:
S.No ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Simple to operate and does not required any
1 Low production
costly equipment
Delicate shading and gradation of
2 Screen are cheaper
colour are difficult
3 Suitable knitted and rayon fabric Joint marks at the repeat perceptible
4 Blotch design can be printed Fine mesh screens often get choked
Flat Bed:
S.No ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1 Large repeats Slow compare to rotary
2 Multiple strokes for pile fabrics No continuous patterns
3 High production – 8 -15 mts/min
4 Labour cost is less
5 8-10 colour capacity
Rotary Screen Printing M/C
S.No ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1 Fast 80- 100 mts/min Design limitations
2 Quick changeover of patterns Small repeats
3 Continuous patterns
4 Colour capacity is high
5 Exact registration of printing
5. Compare the roller and rotary screen printing?
Parameters Roller Rotary
Productivity High Very high
Downtime High Low
Capital cost Very high High
Space Low Low/Moderate
Skill Highly skilled Semi Skilled
Design cost High Moderate/High
Design durability High Moderate
6. What are the types of transfer
printing?
 Flat bed
 Continuous transfer
 Vaccum transfer
7. What are the advantages of pigment printing?
 Good wash and light fastness
 It’s gives brightest colours
 All types of fibers
 Wide range of colour and easy colour matching
 It does not stain other area
 Less faults
 Fancy printing
8. Write short notes on flat bed printing m/c?
 The flat-bed screen process is a semi-continuous, start-stop operation.
 The process is slow with production speeds in the range of 15-25 yards per minute.
  Approximately 15-18% of printed fabric production worldwide is done on flat-bed screen
machines.
 Repeat size 100mm – 3000mm.
 More versatile.
 Printing cross borders can be printed very easily.
9. Define printing
 Textile printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. (or)
Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called 'Printing'.
 In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fiber, so as to resist washing and friction.
10. What are the different types of squeezer in rotary screen printing m/c?
1. Conventional squeeze
2. Airflow Squeeze
3. Magnetic squeeze
11. Write short notes on chest printing m/c?
Chest printing machine is used for printing the garment components. The printing machine is designed
with arms to print the components in the circular pathway and is also fitted with a infrared dryer to dry
the print before being taken to curing.
12. What are the different methods used in transfer printing?
 Wet Transfer printing m/c
 Film release printing m/c
 Sublimation Transfer printing m/c
 Melt Transfer printing m/c
13. Write short notes on block printing
 The designs are carved on a wooden or metal block and the paste dyestuff is applied to the design
on the face of the block.
 The block is pressed down firmly by hand on the surface of the fabric.
14. Mention the step involved in printing process.
PrintDryFix(Curing/ Steaming)
12 MARKS
1. Describe the process of application of pigment printing on cotton using rotary printing machine with
neat sketch
2. Explain the reactive printing of cotton fabric with roller printing m/c with neat diagram
3. Explain the different types of transfer printing method with neat diagram.
4. Describe the method working of roller printing m/c with neat diagram.
5. Explain the method working of rotary printing m/c with neat diagram.
6. Explain the method working of flatbed printing m/c with neat diagram.
7. Elucidate the method working of chest printing m/c with neat diagram.
8. Explain the screen making process.
9. Write short notes on discharge and resist style of printing.
10. With a neat sketch explain about, how printing of cotton fabrics can be carried out with pigment colours
using rotary screen printing machine
11. Explain the principle of printing applicable in printing of polyester cotton blended fabric.
12. Describe 4 important thickener used in printing of textiles.
13. Describe various methods of get white & color resist prints on cotton fabric with oxidation color.
14. Differentiate between following
a) Dyeing and printing
b) Steaming and ageing
c) Drying and curing
d) Soaping and washing
15. Describes common faults in printing and dyeing and their remedies.