Introduction to Linux

Table of Contents
Chapter 2. Quickstart
2.5.1. Connecting and disconnecting...............................................................................................29
2.5.2. Passwords..............................................................................................................................29
2.5.3. Directories.............................................................................................................................30
2.5.4. Files.......................................................................................................................................30
2.5.5. Getting help...........................................................................................................................31

Chapter 3. About files and the file system......................................................................................................32

3.1. General overview of the Linux file system.....................................................................................32
3.1.1. Files.......................................................................................................................................32
3.1.2. About partitioning.................................................................................................................33
3.1.3. More file system layout.........................................................................................................37
3.2. Orientation in the file system..........................................................................................................40
3.2.1. The path.................................................................................................................................40
3.2.2. Absolute and relative paths...................................................................................................41
3.2.3. The most important files and directories...............................................................................41
3.2.4. The most important configuration files.................................................................................44
3.2.5. The most common devices....................................................................................................46
3.2.6. The most common variable files...........................................................................................47
3.3. Manipulating files...........................................................................................................................48
3.3.1. Viewing file properties..........................................................................................................48
3.3.2. Creating and deleting files and directories............................................................................50
3.3.3. Finding files...........................................................................................................................53
3.3.4. More ways to view file content.............................................................................................57
3.3.5. Linking files..........................................................................................................................58
3.4. File security.....................................................................................................................................60
3.4.1. Access rights: Linux's first line of defense............................................................................60
3.4.2. The tools................................................................................................................................62
3.5. Summary.........................................................................................................................................67
3.6. Exercises.........................................................................................................................................68
3.6.1. Partitions................................................................................................................................68
3.6.2. Paths......................................................................................................................................68
3.6.3. Tour of the system.................................................................................................................69
3.6.4. Manipulating files..................................................................................................................69
3.6.5. File permissions.....................................................................................................................69

Chapter 4. Processes.........................................................................................................................................71
4.1. Processes inside out........................................................................................................................71
4.1.1. Multi-user and multi-tasking.................................................................................................71
4.1.2. Process types.........................................................................................................................71
4.1.3. Process attributes...................................................................................................................73
4.1.4. Displaying process information.............................................................................................74
4.1.5. Life and death of a process....................................................................................................76
4.1.6. SUID and SGID.....................................................................................................................78
4.2. Boot process, Init and shutdown.....................................................................................................80
4.2.1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................80
4.2.2. The boot process....................................................................................................................80
4.2.3. GRUB features......................................................................................................................80

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