CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that YOGESH KUMAR, Student of

bachelor of technology, ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNIATION, 3rd year, MAHARAJA SURAJMAL
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JANAK PURI, has
successfully completed his industrial training at
BADARPUR THERMAL POWER CORPORATION,
NEW DELHI for 41 days from 1JULY to 9AUGUST
2008.
He has completed the whole train as per the training
report submitted by him.

Training Incharge,
BTPS/NTPC,
New Delhi.
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT
With profound respect and gratitude, I take the opportunity to convey my
thanks to complete the training here.

I do extend my heartfelt thanks to……………… for providing me this

opportunity to be a part of this esteemed organization.

I am extremely grateful to all the technical staff of providing me a lot during

the course of training. I have learnt a lot working under them and I will always
be indebted of them for this value addition in me.

SPECIAL THANKS TO:

1. Mr. mandeep singh chabra

2. Mr. s.k malhotra
3. Mr. k.p.singh

I would also like to thank the training incharge of MAHARAJA

SURAJMAL INSTITUTE OF TEHNOLOGY, JANAK PURI and all the
faculty members of ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
department for their effort of constant co-operation which have been a
significant factor in the accomplishment of my industrial training.

• YOGESH KUMAR
• Electronics & Communication
• MSIT, JANAK PURI
 INDEX
S.No. NAME
1. NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPRATION

2. RANKINE CYCLE

3. COAL TO ELECTRICITY

4. BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION

5. COAL AND FUEL STATION

6. CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION

I. MANOMETRY LAB
II. PROTECTION & INTERLOCKS LAB
III. PYROMETRY LAB
IV. WATER TREATMENT PLANT
V. FURNANCE SAFETY SUPERVISORY SYSTEM (FSSS)
VI. AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM (ACS)
VII. ELECTRONICS LAB

7. ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DIVISION –II (EMD-II)

I. GENERATOR
II. SWITCH YARD
III. BOILER
IV. TRANSFORMER

8. CYCLES
 NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPRATION
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) was formed in 1975 to plan,
promote and organize an integrated development of thermal power in the
Country. What followed is a success story of an organization growing beyond its
preset aims, setting new targets, exploring new visits.

NTPC plans to become a 40,000MW company by the year 2012 presently,

the installed capacity of NTPC is 25,249MW through its 13 coal based
(16,980MW), 7 gas based (3,955MW) and 3 joining venture projects (314MW).

With a share of 19.44% of India’s total installed capacity, NTPC generates

26.51% of country entire power generation.

A consistent performer, company has earned laurels for project Execution,

Operations & Maintenance & Environment Management, which stand at par
with international benchmarks.

NTPC has diversified and formed subsiding companies to add capacity, to

take up distribution & trading activities.

MANOR HIGHLIGHTS –YEAR 2002-2003

• An installed capacity of 21,249MW.

• Generated 140.87 Billion units as compared to the previous years
generation of 133.19 Billion units.
• The turn over was Rs. 19,947 Crore as against Rs. 18,584 Crore
during 2001-2002.
• Provisional profit after tax Rs. 3,574 Crore.
• NTPC achieved all its MOV targets, to be rated ‘Excellent for the
th
16 consecutive year’.
• Projects totaling 4800MW are in various stages of construction.
• First 500MW units of NTPC’s simadhari project synchronized in
record time of 39 months in Feb 2002.
• For the first time super critical technology is being adopted in India
at NTPC’s sipat Project (3x 660MW).
 RANKINE CYCLE
Rankine cycle is the theoretical cycle on which the steam turbine (or engine)
works.

The rankine cycle comprise of the following processes:

Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic expansion in the turbine (or steam engine).

Process2-3: Constant pressure transfer of heat in the condenser.

Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic pumping process in the feed pump.

Process 4-1: Constant - pressure transfer of heat in the boiler.

Efficiency of Rankine Cycle is given by

µRankine = Wnet = Wt-Wp

Q1 Q1

Effect of Operating Conditions on Rankine Cycle Efficiency:

The rankine cycle efficiency can be improved by:

1. Increasing the average temperature at which heat is

supplied,
2. Decreasing/reducing the temperature at which heat is
rejected.

The thermal efficiency of the Rankine Cycle is also improved by the following
methods:

1. By regenerative feed heating.

2. By reheating of steam.
3. By water extraction.
4. By using binary – vapour.
 COAL TO ELECTRICITY

Basic Power Plant Cycle

The thermal power plant uses a dual (vapour + liquid) phase cycle. It is a
closed cycle to enable the working fluid to be used again and again. The cycle
used as ‘Rankine Cycle’ modified to include superheated steam, regenerative
feed water heating and reheating of steam.

Factor Affecting Thermal Cycle Efficiency:

• Initial Steam Pressure

• Initial Steam Temperature
• Whether reheat is used or not, and if used reheat pressure and
temperature.
• Condenser Pressure
• Regenerative feed water heating

Coal to Steam

Coal from the coal wagons is unloaded in the coal handling plant. This coal is
transported upto the row coal bunker with the help of belt conveyors. Coal is
transported to bowl mills by coal feeders. The coal is pulverized in the bowl
mill, where it is grounded to a powder form. The mill consists of a round
metallic table on which coal particles fall. This table is rotated with the help of
motor. Here are three large steel rollers which are spaced 120” apart. When there
is no coal, these rollers does not rotate but when the coal is fed to the table it
packs up between rollers and the table and this forces the roller to rotate. Coal is
crushed by the crushing action between the rollers and rotating table. This
crushed coal is taken away to the furnace through coal pipes with the help of hot
and cold air mixture from P.A. Fan atmospheric air, apart of which is send to
Airpreheaters for heating while a part goes directly to the mill for temperature
control. Atmospheric air from F.D.Fan is heated in the air heaters and sent to the
furnace as combustion air.
 TRAINING AT BTPS
I was appointed to do a 41 days training at this esteemed organization from 1
July to 9august 2008. In these days, I was assigned to visit various divisions of
the plant which here.

 Control and Instrumentation

 Electrical Maintenance Department

These days training was a very educational adventure for me. It was really
amazing to see the plant by yourself and learn how electricity, which is use of
our daily requirement of life, is generated.

This has been made by my experience at BTPS. The material in this report
has be gathered from my text books, senior students reports and training manual
and power journals provided by training department. The specification and
principle are as learned by me from the employees of each division of BTPS.

YOGESH KUMAR

AUGUST 9, 2008
 BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION
BTPS is owned by Government of India, Ministry of Energy and is managed
by NTPC since 1st April 1978. It is designed and engineered by central Water
and Power Commission.

At the time of change over management, the installed capacity was 300 MW
and under NTPC two more units each of 210MW were erected and
commissioned.

National Thermal Power Corporation is the front runner in the power sector
presently having total installed capacity of 1690MW with 3170MW under
construction. The power is supplied to a 220KV networks which is a part of the
northern grid BTPS

 Approved capacity- 705MW.

 Installed capacity- 705MW.
 Location- Delhi.

 Coal Source- Central Coal fields

ltd., Indian Cooking Coal ltd, Eastern
Collieries, Jharia Coal mines etc.
 Water Source- Agra anal.
 Oil Source- Indian Oil.
 Beneficiary State- Delhi.
 COAL AND FUEL STATION
• Coal Stations

S.No. Coal based State Commissioned

capacity (Ton)
1. Singrauli Uttar Pradesh 2,000
2. Korba Chattisgarh 2,100
3. Ramagundam Andhra Pradesh 2,600
4. Farakka West Bengal 1,600
5. Vindhyachal Madhya Pradesh 2,260
6. Rihand Uttar Pradesh 2,000
7. Kahalgaon Bihar 840
8. NTCPP Uttar Pradesh 840
9. Talcher Kaniha Orissa 3,000
10. Unchahar Uttar Pradesh 840
11. Talchar Thermal Orissa 460
12. Simhadri Andhra Pradesh 1,000
13. Tanda Uttar Pradesh 440
14. Badarpur Delhi 705

TOTAL (Coal) 20,685Tons

• Gas/Liquid Fuel Station

S.No. Gas based State Commissioned

capacity (Ton)
15. Anta Rajasthan 413
16. Auraiya Uttar Pradesh 652
17. Kawas Gujarat 645
18. Dadri Uttar Pradesh 817
19. Jhanorgandhar Gujarat 648
20. Kayamkulam Kerala 350
21. Faridabad Haryana 430
 TOTAL (Gas) 3,955Tons

• Power Station Managed by NTPC

S.No. Power Stations State Commissioned

capacity(MW)
22. Badarpur New Delhi 705
23. Balco Power Madhya Pradesh 270
 THERMAL POWER PLANT
Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal to electrical
energy.

Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The

expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives
the generator or the alternator.

Badarpur Thermal Power Station has 5 units. Unit I, II and III are of
100MW’s and unit IV and V of 210MW’s. Both unit IV and V were
installed by NTPC after it under took the station.

Given below are the details of units with the year they were installed-

Unit-I 1*95MW 26th July 1973

Unit-II 1*95MW 05th August 1974

Unit-III 1*95MW 29th March 1975

Unit-IV 1*210MW 02nd Dec 1978

Unit-V 1*210MW 25th Dec 1981