ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)

ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

COURSE NO: EEE 4202

COURSE NAME: Electrical Circuits Lab (Software)

NAME:
STUDENT ID:
EXPERIMENT NO.: 2
EXPERIMENT NAME: R-L-C circuit (Power factor improvement) using Proteus 8 Professional
Software.

OBJECTIVE:
 To explore the characteristics of a R-L-C circuit and to get acquainted with their
application using PROTEUS
 To get acquainted with the concept of power factor measurement and improvement
of power factor.

EQUIPMENTS:
1. Capacitor (Generic Electrolytic Capacitor Type)
2. Inductor (Air Filled Inductor Type)
3. Resistor (Generic Resistor Type)
4. AC Voltage source (Vsine / Alternator)
5. Wattmeter
6. Ammeter
7. Jumper Switch (Animated Jumper)
Circuit Diagram of R-L-C Circuit:

Fig: 1

Procedure:

i. Construct the circuit using Proteus 8 Professional.

 ii. By double clicking on each element update the value of each element according to the values given
in Fig.1
iii. To observe the characteristics of this circuit we will use Analogue Graphical Analysis.
iv. To get WATTMETER select the Wattmeter from Virtual Instruments Mode tab of the Proteus
toolbar. To change the range of Wattmeter right click on wattmeter and select Edit
Properties and from there select the
v. From Probe Mode use the voltage probe and current probe to measure the voltage and
current as the following Fig.2
Iout

+88.8
kVA
+88.8
AC Amps

V1(+)
Current Probe R1
5
C1
250uF

V1
Voltage Probe VSINE

JP1
L1 JUMPER
10mH

Fig:2

vi. Select the Analogue Analysis window from Graph Mode tab of the Proteus toolbar and
place nearby the RLC circuit.

Fig.3
vii. To trace input voltage (V1) to the Analog Analysis window, select the Voltage Probe and
drag it to the Analog Analysis window.
viii. To trace current (Iout) to the Analog Analysis window select the Current Probe and drag
it to the Analog Analysis window.
ix. Right Click on the Analog Analysis window and select Edit Properties. In Edit Properties
Tab give Start Time=0 and Stop Time=100m.
x. Then, right click on the analog analysis window and select ‘Simulate Graph’ which will
generate the voltage and current wave shapes as shown in Fig.3.
xi. At first keeping the capacitor disconnected calculate the phase difference between voltage
and current and measure the power factor.
xii. Take voltage reading from voltage probe, current reading from current probe, power
reading from wattmeter.
xiii. Connect the capacitor and repeat step xi, xii.
xiv. Find the value of Q, P, S for drawing the Power Triangle.

OBSERVATIONS:
No. R (Ω) L (mH) C (µF) Power Voltage Current Power-factor meter
Power Angle
(VA) (V) (A) factor (V

1. 5 10 0 8.47 7.05 1.2 0.86 30.6

2.

Phasor Diagram:

Power Triangle:

It is a standard practice to represent Apparent Power (S), Real Power (P) and Reactive Power (Q)
in form of a triangle, known as the power triangle shown in Fig.4. Use the following formulae to
find the value of S, P, and Q.

Apparent Power, S = V*I=√(P2+Q2)

Real Power, P=S*cos
Reactive Power, Q=S*sinP*tan
The reduction in the reactive power is caused by the shunt capacitor, QC=Q1-Q2


QC

Q1

Q2

θ1 θ2


Fig.4
 Open a new drawing in Microsoft Visio
 Go to View Toolbars Drawing. Now a new drawing toolbox will appear. Using
Arc tool and Line Tool from drawing toolbox draw the power triangle.
 For using arrow, in TOOLBAR OPTION select the line ends as arrow.
 Draw the obtained Power Triangle.

Tasks
1. Draw the following circuit shown in Fig.5 in Proteus and find the best suitable
combination R,L and C for improved power factor.
2. Draw the Phasor Diagram for the best possible combination.
3. Draw the Power Triangle the best possible combination.
 Fig. 5
OBSERVATIONS:

No. R (Ω) L (H) C (µF) Power Voltage Current Power-factor meter

Power Angle
(W) (V) (A) factor (V

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Phasor Diagram:
Power Triangle:

Part C: AC Sweep

Sweeping Parameter:
Frequency (As the amplitude automatically changes with time in case of AC signals)

Circuit Diagram:

Fig. C (1)

Instructions:
01. Draw the circuit depicted in Fig. C (1).
02. Drag down the AC Sweep Analysis box from the graph tab.
03. Add the trace of Vo.
04. Change the part reference to Vo also.
05. Choose edit graph and select Vi as the sweeping variable.
06. Select the frequency range and run the simulation.

Task for part C:

Swap the positions of the inductor and the capacitor for the circuit in Fig. C (1) and change your source to
a square wave. Note down your response.
Assignments:
1. Draw the following circuits in PROTEUS.

A
5mH
2Ω

5Ω 5mH

AC 5000uF 300uF 2000uF

10V
50Hz

Fig 6(a)

A
5mH
2Ω
100uF
5Ω 5mH

AC 5000uF 300uF 2000uF

10V
50Hz

Fig 6(b)

2. For both figures find the best suitable combination R,L and C for improved power
factor and show the results in Tabular form.
3. Why capacitor bank is preferred to be added in parallel? Explain your answer.
4. For both the figures draw Phasor Diagram and Power Triangle in Microsoft Visio.