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• You use the source’s words. • You use your own words. • You use your own words.
• Exact same length as the source, • Approximately the same length, • Much shorter than the source.
unless you follow the rules for though often shorter than the
adding or deleting material from a source.
quote.
• To demonstrate comprehension
(independent assignment).
15july04 smj
Need Some Help Figuring Out When & What to Cite?
Did you
think of Yes Another’s
Yes
it? words?
No No
Quote and cite
it.
Is it common
Yes Another’s
knowledge? Yes
ideas?
No No
Cite it. Do not cite it. Do not cite it. Cite it.
• Easily observable behavior (Heat makes people tired in the summer; puppies display tremendous energy)
• Commonly reported facts (Oranges contain vitamin C; Napoleon’s army was decimated by the winter march on
Moscow during the War of 1812)
• Common sayings (“You are what you eat;” “Look before you leap”)
• Information easily found within general reference sources (Franklin D. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882)
But beware: while common knowledge need not be cited, specific expression of common knowledge must be
identified. For example, you may mention without citation, as above, that Napoleon’s army suffered ruinous losses
during the winter march on Moscow. However, if your source says, “Napoleon’s army froze in droves as it struggled
toward Moscow,” you must use quotation marks and cite the source of those words if you include them. Therefore, if
you use someone’s words, you must quote and cite them, even if they contain an idea that is common knowledge.