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Operators
Operators are special symbols used for specific purposes. C++ provides six
types of operators.
Arithmetical operators, Relational operators, Logical operators, Unary operators,
Assignment operators, Conditional operators, Comma operator

Arithmetical operators
Arithmetical operators +, -, *, /, and % are used to performs an arithmetic
(numeric) operation. You can use the operators +, -, *, and / with both integral
and floating-point data types. Modulus or remainder % operator is used only
with the integral data type.
Operators that have two operands are called binary operators.

Relational operators
The relational operators are used to test the relation between two values. All
relational operators are binary operators and therefore require two operands. A
relational expression returns zero when the relation is false and a non-zero
when it is true. The following table shows the relational operators.

Relational Operators Meaning

< Less than

<= Less than or equal to

== Equal to

> Greater than

>= Greater than or equal to

!= Not equal to
Logical operators
The logical operators are used to combine one or more relational expression.
The logical operators are

Operators Meaning

|| OR

&& AND

! NOT

Unary operators
C++ provides two unary operators for which only one variable is required.
For Example
a = - 50;
a = + 50;

Here plus sign (+) and minus sign (-) are unary because they are not used
between two variables.

Assignment operator
The assignment operator '=' is used for assigning a variable to a value. This
operator takes the expression on its right-hand-side and places it into the
variable on its left-hand-side. For example:
m = 5;

The operator takes the expression on the right, 5, and stores it in the variable
on the left, m.
x = y = z = 32;

This code stores the value 32 in each of the three variables x, y, and z.
in addition to standard assignment operator shown above, C++ also support
compound assignment operators.

Compound Assignment Operators

Operator Example Equivalent to

+= A+=2 A=A+2

-= A-=2 A=A-2

%= A%=2 A=A%2

/= A/ = 2 A=A/2

*= A*=2 A=A*2

Increment and Decrement Operators

C++ provides two special operators viz '++' and '--' for incrementing and
decrementing the value of a variable by 1. The increment/decrement operator
can be used with any type of variable but it cannot be used with any constant.
Increment and decrement operators each have two forms, pre and post.

The syntax of the increment operator is:

Pre-increment: ++variable
Post-increment: variable++
The syntax of the decrement operator is:
Pre-decrement: ––variable
Post-decrement: variable––

In Prefix form first variable is first incremented/decremented, then evaluated

In Postfix form first variable is first evaluated, then incremented/decremented
int x, y;
int i = 10, j = 10;
x = ++i; //add one to i, store the result back in x
y = j++; //store the value of j to y then add one to j
cout << x; //11
cout << y; //10
Conditional operator
The conditional operator ?: is called ternary operator as it requires three
operands. The format of the conditional operator is:
Conditional_ expression ? expression1 : expression2;
If the value of conditional expression is true then the expression1 is evaluated,
otherwise expression2 is evaluated.
int a = 5, b = 6;
big = (a > b) ? a : b;

The condition evaluates to false, therefore biggets the value from b and it
becomes 6.

The comma operator

The comma operator gives left to right evaluation of expressions. When the set
of expressions has to be evaluated for a value, only the rightmost expression is
considered.
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, i; // comma acts as separator, not as an
operator
i = (a, b); // stores b into i

Would first assign the value of a to i, and then assign value of b to variable i.
So, at the end, variable i would contain the value 2.

The sizeof operator

As we know that different types of Variables, constant, etc. require different
amounts of memory to store them The sizeof operator can be used to find how
many bytes are required for an object to store in memory. For example
sizeof (char) returns 1
sizeof (float) returns 4

the sizeof operator determines the amount of memory required for an object at
compile time rather than at run time.
The order of Precedence
The order in which the Arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,%) are used in a. given
expression is called the order of precedence. The following table shows the
order of precedence.

Order Operators

First ()
Second *, /, %
Third +, -

The following table shows the precedence of operators.

++, --(post increment/decrement)

++ (Pre increment) -- (Pre decrement), sizeof ( ), Highest

!(not), -(unary), +(unary)
To
*,/, %

+, -
Lowest
<, <=, >, >=

==,!=

&&

?:

Comma operator