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Maths Equations to Memorise

Statistics

Compound interest: % 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 × (1 + )
100

Depreciation: % 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 × (1 + )
100

Calculating percentage of an amount: 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = ( ) × 100
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Percentage change: 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = ( ) × 100
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

Stratified sampling: 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟

𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 = × 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Histograms: 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

Geometry

Area of a triangle: 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠in(𝐶)
2

Area of a circle: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 2

Circumference of a circle: 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 2𝜋𝑟 = 𝜋𝑑

Area of a sector: 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = ( ) × 𝜋𝑟 2
360

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Perimeter of a sector: 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = ( × 𝜋𝑑) + 2𝑟
360

Area of parallelogram: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

Area of trapezium: 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) × 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2

Sum of interior angles for a regular

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 = (𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 − 2) × 180
polygon:

Interior angle of a regular polygon: (𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 − 2) × 180

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

Exterior angle of a regular polygon: 360

𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

Volume of a cuboid: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

Volume of a prism: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

Volume of a cylinder: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

Volume of a pyramid: 1
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = × 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
3

Pythagoras and Trigonometry

Pythagoras’ theorem: 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2

Trigonometric ratios: 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝

sin(𝑥) = cos(𝑥) = tan(𝑥) =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗

Sine rule: 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
Sin 𝐴 Sin 𝐵 Sin 𝐶

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Cosine rule: 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐Cos(𝐴)

𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
Cos(𝐴) =
2𝑏𝑐

Compound Measures

Speed: 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Density: 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

Pressure: 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

Algebra

The quadratic formula:

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
The solutions of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 2𝑎

Direct proportionality: 𝑦 ∝ 𝑥 → 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥

(y is proportional to x, x2)
𝑦 ∝ 𝑥 2 → 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2

Indirect proportionality: 1 𝑘
𝑦∝ →𝑦=
𝑥 𝑥
(y is inversely proportional to x, x2)
1 𝑘
𝑦∝ 2
→𝑦= 2
𝑥 𝑥

Probability

Where 𝑃(𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐵) are the probabilities of two separate events:

𝑃(𝐴 or 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 and 𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴 and 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 given 𝐵)𝑃(𝐵)

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