DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING PAINTING

FAULTS

1. Bleeding:
2. Blooming:
3. Chalking:
4. Cissing:
5. Grinning:
6. Flocculation:
7. Lifting:
8. Ropiness:
9. Overspray:
Bleeding:
When a paint containing a strong solvent, is applied over a weaker
binder. This softens the underlying binder, causing discoloration
or staining through the topcoat. (Typically incompatible paint
systems, applied over Coal Tar or Bitumen coatings. Stain
colours:
Coal Tar:Yellow, Bitumen:Brown)
Blooming:
A powdery, chalky, deposit upon the surface of the paint film,
resembling the dusty white bloom often seen on bunches of grapes.
Chalking:
Degradation of the binder owing to disruptive factors in the
environment, such as ultraviolet light (sunlight). Epoxies are
especially vulnerable to chalking.
Cissing:
Failure of a paint to form a complete film due to painting on top of
substrates contaminated by oil or grease
Grinning:
The underlying substrate or surface is still visible through the
topcoat film. Poor opacity or insufficient DFT is the main cause.
Flocculation:
Loosely cohering particles or agglomerates caused by separation of
the solid and liquid parts of the paint within the tin, as the paint
approaches the end of its useful storage life.
Lifting:
Incompatibility of coating layers, or non-observance of overcoating
time, causes a softening and lifting of the underlying paint film.
Ropiness:
Brushmarks caused by brush application when the film is almost
dry, or using paint of too high viscosity, which prevents the film
from levelling correctly.
Overspray:
Paint which has been accidentally sprayed, to areas where coating is
not required.