The Right Triangle

1 rev = 2π rad

= 360˚

A = 400 grads
c
= 6400 mils
b

C B

a
Versine: vers A = 1- cosA
Versedcosine: covers A = 1 – sin A
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
sin 𝐵 = = csc 𝐵 = = Haversine: hav A = ½ (1-cosA)
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
Exsecant: exsec A = sec A -1
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐 Excosecant: Excos A = cosA -1
cos 𝐵 = = sec 𝐵 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎

tan 𝐵 = = cot 𝐵 = =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏

Pythagorean Theorem
a2+b2=c2
Complementary Angles Identities/ Co-Function Identities
1. sin B =sin(90-A) = cos A
2. cos B = cos(90-A)= sin A
3. tan B = tan(90-A) = cot A
4. cot B = cot(90-A) = tan A
5. sec B = sec(90-A) = csc A
6. csc B = csc(90-A) = sec A
Negative Angles Identities
1. sin (-A) = -sin A
2. cos (-A) = -cos A
3. tan (-A) = -tan A
Fundamental Identities
Reciprocal Identities
cot A = 1/tan A sec A = 1/cos A csc A = 1/sin A
Quotient Relations
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
tan 𝐴 = cot 𝐴 =
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
Pythagorean Identities
sin2A + cos2A= 1 1+tan2A = sec2 A 1+cot2A = csc2A
Sum of two angles Formula Difference of two angles Formula
sin(A+B) = sinAcosB+ cosAsinB sin(A-B) = sinAcosB - cosAsinB
cos(A+B) = cosAcosB – sinAsinB cos(A-B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵 tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
tan(A+B) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
tan(A-B) = 1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

Double Angle Identities Half Angle Identities

sin2a = 2sinAcosA
𝐴 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝐴 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
cos2a = cos2A –sin2A sin = ±√ cos = ±√
2 2 2 2
= 2cos2A -1
= 1-2sin2A 𝐴 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
tan = ±√
2 1 + cos 𝐴
2tan 𝐴
tan2A = 1−tan2 𝐴

Product Formulas
1. sinAcosB= ½[sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)]
2. cosAsinB = ½ [sin(A+B)-sin(A-B)]
3. cosAcosB= ½ [cos(A+B)+ cos(A-B)]
4. sinAsinB = ½ [cos(A-B)-cos(A+B)]
SQUARES FORMULAS
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
sin2 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 =
2 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
PERIOD, AMPLITUDE, AND FREQUENCY
PERIOD (T) – INTERVAL OVER WHICH THE GRAPH REPEATS
AMPLITUDE (A)- GREATEST DISTANCE OF ANY POINT ON THE GRAPH FROM A
HORIZONTAL LINE WHICH PASSES HALFWAY BETWEEN THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
VALUES OF THE FUNCTION
FREQUENCY – THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS/ CYCLES PER UNIT of time or 1/T
FUNCTION FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE
y= A sin(Bx +C) 2π/B A
y= A cos(Bx +C) 2π/B A
y= A tan(Bx + C) π/B -
The Oblique Triangle
B

c
a

A C
b

The Sine Law

Calc tech: given two sides and a single
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= = angle looking for the missing side
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
Mode 2 complex
The cosine Law
a2 = b2+c2-2bccosA
b2 = a2+c2-2accosB
c2 = b2+a2-2bacosC
Right triangle divided by an angle bisector

xtan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
ℎ=
tan 𝛽 −tan 𝛼
ℎ (tan 𝛽 −tan 𝛼)
𝑥=
h tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽


α

x L-x
L