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ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION
In remote areas, population density and power
In this paper DC linked, grid connected solar/hydro
requirements are both very low, so the per capita costs
hybrid system is modelled and simulated. A control
of grid extension are often considerable. These areas
scheme is developed for solar and hydro system for
usually remain unconnected to the power grid ("off-
("off
variable solar irradiance and variable load.
grid"). In recent years, renewable energy resources
Synchronous generator based hydro system is used to
have come to be considered a viable alternative to the
feed bulk of the power and whenever solar irradiance
standard power supply y in isolated communities,
is available solar system along with hydro system and
especially those in the rural areas [1]-[2].
[1] Currently,
grid supply to the load. The performance analysis of
the most widely used renewable energy resources are
the proposed HES and its power management strategy
solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. However, the
has been done using the simulink toolboxes of
main disadvantages of such sources are intermittent
MATLABLAB software. The proposed system consists
and variable power output. One way of overcoming
PV system hydro system, battery and grid. In some
this problem is to build hybrid generators, such as
remote/rural areas, it is very difficult to satisfy the
wind-solar, wind-diesel,
diesel, and solar-diesel
solar systems [3]-
demand of electrical power throughout the year with
[5]. This can help to alleviate the challenges of rural
the power grid. In such areas, the power requirement
electrification.
cann be fulfilled by renewable energy system such as
hydro or PV system. Either the hydro system or PV The PV based hybrid system is considered a
system is not capable of supplying power requirement promising
mising candidate for remote power generation due
throughout the year as both systems are intermittent. to the widespread availability of solar energy sources.
Hence, the judicious combination of hydro and PV One feasible scheme is the combination of solar and
system has been modeled for electrification. The hydro energy resources, which takes advantage of
power management strategy is modeled to manage the their complementarily. One method of determining
power flow of the energy systems to fulfill the load the
he effects of complementarily between solar and
demand. The presented results clearly show that the hydro energy systems has been evaluated [6]. A
proposed HES and its control strategy are suitable for feasibility study of PV -hydro
hydro-wind hybrid system for
implementation in remote/rural areas. rural electrification was undertaken some time ago
[7]. Other papers have described the optimization
Keywords: Biomass energy; Geothermal energy; processes
ses suitable for sizing the hybrid system to the
Hydropower energy; Marine energy; Solar energy; needed rural power supply [8]-[9].
[8] In these systems,
Wind energy; Smart grid system modeling, simulations, and optimization using
HOMER software were all used, including technical
constraints. For the operation of PV-hydro
PV hybrid
systems,
ystems, two previous reports proposed control
Electrical System
𝑑𝜆
𝑣 = 𝑅𝑖 + + 𝑤λ
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜆
𝑣 =𝑅 + − 𝑤λ
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜆′
Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of a solar cell 0=𝑅 𝑖 ′ ′
+ + (𝑤 − 𝑤 )λ′
𝑑𝑡
From the circuit;
𝑑𝜆′
0=𝑅 𝑖 ′ ′
+ − (𝑤 − 𝑤 )λ′
I I PH I D I SH 𝑑𝑡
(1)
And
IPH (photo-generated current) is also called as IL (light
current) which refers to direct current generated by 𝜆 = 𝐿 𝑖𝑞 + 𝐿 𝑖′
photovoltaic effect. Whereas I is the output current of 𝜆 = 𝐿 𝑖 + 𝐿 𝑖′
the cell.
ℷ′ = 𝐿′ 𝑖′ + 𝐿 𝑖
From Shockley’s diode equation;
ℷ′ = 𝐿′ 𝑖′ + 𝐿 𝑖
V IRS Where:
I D I 0 exp 1
nVt (2) 𝐿 =𝐿 + 𝐿
Where;
𝐿′ = 𝐿′ + 𝐿
Vt
kT Where:
q (3)
vdqs, vdqr are the stator and rotor voltages in the d-q
By Ohm’s Law frame
idqs, idqr are the stator and rotor currents in the d-q
V IR S frame
I SH
R SH (4) λdqs, λdqr are the stator and rotor fluxes in the d-q
frame
Fig. 4 Inverter Line current from HTG to the Load/Grid in the side (B)
Fig. 6 Power Factor of the Grid for the Hybrid PV/HTG system