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R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
While you are pulling, the length increases, but the width and
thickness shrink. At any load, the true stress is the load divided
by the cross-area at that instant.
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
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1/17/2017
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
Normal in normal strain does not mean common, or usual Young's modulus ( E ) describes tensile elasticity, or the
strain. It means a direct length-changing stretch (or tendency of an object to deform along an axis when opposing
compression) of an object resulting from a normal stress. It is forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of
commonly defined as; tensile stress to tensile strain.
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
2
1/17/2017
Two gage marks are placed exactly 250 mm apart on a 12-mm- The Poisson ratio is the fraction (or percent) of expansion
diameter aluminum rod. Knowing that, with an axial load of divided by the fraction (or percent) of compression, for small
6000 N acting on the rod, the distance between the gage values of these changes.
marks is 250.18 mm, determine the modulus of elasticity of
the aluminum used in the rod. Conversely, if the material is stretched rather than
compressed, it usually tends to contract in the directions
transverse to the direction of stretching.
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
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1/17/2017
- Metals
- Plastics
- Soils
- Rocks
- Concrete
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I
Plastic Deformation
In plastic deformation an object first goes through elastic
Lecture Summary
deformation, which is reversible, so the object may regain its
I. Introduction
original shape.
II. Elastic Deformation
III. Engineering Stress
Soft thermoplastics have a large plastic deformation range, as do
IV. Engineering Strain
ductile metals like copper, silver and gold. Steel does, too, but not
V. Modulus of Elasticity
cast iron. Hard thermosetting plastics like rubber, crystals and
VI. Poisson’s Ratio
ceramics have minimal plastic deformation ranges.
VII. Plastic Deformation
Under tensile stress, plastic deformation is characterized by a
strain-hardening region and a necking region and finally, fracture, BIBLIOGRAPHY:
which is also called rupture. 1. Hannah & Hillier (1995) Applied Mechanics, 3rd edn., Essex, England: Pearson
Education Limited.
R Ramful R Ramful
Mechanics of Materials I Mechanics of Materials I