Design of Gantry Girders | 51 3.2 Detailed considerations 3.2.1 Effective span of girder The effective span is equal to the centre-to-centre distance between the bearings. The spac- ing of the stanchions varies from 18 m to 24m, The variation of the column spacing is due to the mechanical layout of machines, and other requirements. For design purposes, ‘we assume the longest span = 24m (centre-to-centre distance of stanchions), simply supported. Effective span = centre-to-centre distance of bearings = 24.0=2 * 0.310 = 23.38 say 23.4m (where the supporting column is assumed to be UB914 * 305 * 289 kg/m (astanchion composed of 2x UB914 x 305 x 289 kgim), and the distance from the centre line of the column to the centre of the bearing is 310 mm). 3.2.2 Gantry girder loading design data Gantry girder design data is generally supplied by crane manufacturers. In the absence of information from the manufacturers, the data may be obtained from the British Standard specifications in BS 466: 1960 and BS 2573-1: 1966 and subsequent more recent revised codes (see British Standards Institution, 1983, 1984). The crane data supplied by the manufacturer is given below: ‘+ Crane capacity = 2900 KN/60 KN/LO KN, ‘+ Maximum load lifted = 2900 kN ‘© Crane span ~ span of truss ~ (2.5 m+ 1.5 m assumed) ~ 28,50 ~4.0 (assumed) ~ 24.5 m, + Maximum wheel load = 520 KN. ‘+ Number of wheels in ctossheads or end carriage = 4. ‘+ Number of end carriages on each end of crane ~ 2 spaced at 10.2 m, ‘+ Dead weight of crane = 2700 KN (shared equally by 16 wl end carriage). Is, 8 wheels in each ‘© Therefore minimum wheel load 700/16 = 168.8, say 170 kN ‘© Spacing of wheels ~ 1.2 m, 1.5 m, 1.2 mas shown in Fig. 3.1 * End clearance of crane = 600 mm (minimum). ‘+ Minimum headroom from rail top = 4500 mm. © Weight of crab=(1/5 of maximum load lifted + 5 KN) = (1/5) x 2900 + 5 = 585 KN. 3.2.3 Vertical dynamic impact factor The dynamic impact factor for vertical static wheel loads depends on the type of crane, class and duty factor. For overhead electric travelling cranes of class 3 (heavy foundry work with a duty factor of 0.9), BS 2573 specifies an impact factor of 1.4. In Eurocode 1, Part 3 (Eurocode, 2006), for hoisting class HC4 (heavy-duty cranes in foundries, with intermittent grab, magnet grab and forging), the dynamic factor g is also normally 1.4. Steeling 51 ® sev200 65608em82 | Practical Design of Stee! Structures In our case, the crane manufacturer provided a vertical dynamic impact factor @ = 1.4, So we adopt a vertical impact factor for wheel loads of 1.4. Therefore we adopt maximum vertical dynamic wheel load factor — gj, = 1-4 * 520 = 728 KN. 8.2.4 Transverse horizontal surge Eurocode I, Part 3, specities: transverse horizontal surge ~ (1/10) x (crane capacity + weight of crab) = (1/10) x (2900 + $85) = 348.5 KN. The whole horizontal surge should be equally distributed across all 16 wheels (8 wheels on each carriage), Therefore transverse horizontal surge on each wheel =, '48.5/16 = 21.78, say 22 KN. 3.2.5 Longitudinal tractive force The longitudinal tractive force is generally taken equal to 1/20 of the maximum wheel load. Therefore the maximum longitudinal tractive force on each wheel = = 1/20 x $20 = 26 KN. So total longitudinal tractive force on each girder = 26 * 8 = 208 KN. 3.2.6 Moment influence lines The maximum moment in a section of @ girder occurs when the centre of the span divides the distance between the centre of gravity of the load system and the nearest load under consideration. The centre of gravity of the load system is between the nearest wheels of the ‘two end carriages at a distance of 6.3 m. So the centre of the span will divide the distance between the centre of gravity of the load system and the nearest load under consideration equally, ata distance of 6.3/2 =3.2 m (see Fig. 3.1(a)) (Salmon, 1948). Therefore the load system will be placed with the nearest load of 520 kN at a distance of 1.6 m from the cen- tre of the span. Effective span = 23.4 m, as calculated before. Half of span = 11.7 m, The load under consideration will be placed at a distance of (11.7 + 1.6) m= the right support, and (11.7 — 1.6) = 10.1 m from the left support. Therefore maximum ordinate of the moment influence line 13.3 x 10,1/23.4= 5.74, 5.74 x (10.1 = 1.2)/10.1 = 5.05, 3 = 8.74 (10.1 = 1.2- 15/101 = 4.2, 5.74% (10.1- 1.2-1.5-12)/101 = 5.74% (6313.3 = 2.72, ‘Steetinge ® sev200 65608emDesign of Gantry Girders | 53 69.74% (63-12)13.3 = 22, = 9.74 * (63 -1.2-1,5)/13.3 = 1.55, =5.74 (63-12-15 ~ 1.2\/13.3 = 1.04, Therefore D =(.744 5.05 +42 +3.52 + 2.72 42.2 + 1.55 + 1.04) = 26.02. 3.2.7 Shear influence lines The maximum ordinate of the shear influence line will occur at the support when the frst wheel of the end carriage is at the support (see Fig. 3.1). Therefore maximum shear ordi- nate at support 12 (23-4 ~ 1.2)/'23.4=0.95, anity crane pate girder in meting shop sider & 4x TIBKN elie an | sty 4x T2BKN ® dynamic a B3 | aymamie wheel lads |) 1 — wes ends VV >| ie mye272 | mena 13 1390 040 {@) BM influence line for max moment 542056 | nos (6) SFinfluence tne fr max shear Fig. 3.1. Bending-moment and shear-force influence lines ‘tooling 53 ® 212010 65408 pM