Surface Well Test Set-Up

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SWT SURFACE WELL TEST SET-UP SRPC M. Manual

Helpdesk and Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Safety and Precautions
Chapter 2
General Description & Specification
Chapter 3
Theory of Operation
Chapter 4
Circuit Description
Chapter 5
Components Drawings, Bill Of Material and Maintenance
Chapter 6
Maintenance
Chapter 7
Auxiliary Equipment
This information is CONFIDENTIAL and must not be copied in whole or any part, and should be filed accordingly by the addressee.
It must not be shown to or discussed with anyone outside the SCHLUMBERGER organization.
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Appendix A
Modification Recap
Appendix B
Specifications
Appendix C
Bill of Material and Assembly Drawings
Appendix D
Circuits Diagrams
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Chapter 1- Safety and Precautions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Page
Safety and Precautions 4
1. General Rules.............................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Danger to Personnel ................................................................................................. 5
1.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 Responsabilities. ................................................................................................ 6
1.1.3 Personnel Safety................................................................................................ 6
1.1.4 Operational Hints. .............................................................................................. 8
1.1.5 H2S Defense...................................................................................................... 8
1.1.6 H2S Service. ....................................................................................................... 8
1.1.7 H2S Toxicity........................................................................................................ 9
1.1.8 H2S Detection................................................................................................... 10
1.1.9 H2S Protection.................................................................................................. 12
1.1.10 Reanimation. .................................................................................................... 14
1.1.11 Toxic Materials. ................................................................................................ 18
1.1.12 Advanced Well Test Design. ............................................................................ 19
1.1.13 General Rules for Pressure Testing Surface Equipment ................................. 25
1.2 Danger to Equipment .............................................................................................. 27
1.2.1 Equipment Safety............................................................................................. 27
1.2.2 Equipment Installation on Classified Zones. .................................................... 31
1.2.3 Safety Standards.............................................................................................. 32
1.2.4 Recommended Distances. ............................................................................... 34
1.2.5 Effect of H2S on the Equipment. ...................................................................... 38
2. Emergency Shut Down Specific Rules. .................................................................. 40
2.1 Personnel Safety..................................................................................................... 40
2.2 Equipment Safety.................................................................................................... 40
3. Flowheads Specific Rules........................................................................................ 41
4. Surface Safety Valves Specific Rules. .................................................................... 43
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5. Sand Equipments Specific Rules. ........................................................................... 44
6. Data Headers Specific Rules. .................................................................................. 45
7. Choke Manifolds Specific Rules.............................................................................. 46
8. Steam Exchangers Specific Rules. ......................................................................... 48
9. Indirect Heaters Specific Rules. .............................................................................. 49
10. Separators Specific Rules........................................................................................ 50
10.1 Personnel Safety ................................................................................................. 50
10.2 Equipment Safety ................................................................................................ 51
11. Surge Tanks Specific Rules..................................................................................... 52
12. Gauge Tanks Specific Rules.................................................................................... 54
13. Oil & Gas Manifolds Specific Rules......................................................................... 55
14. Pumps Specific Rules. ............................................................................................. 56
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15. Booms Specific Rules. ............................................................................................. 58

16. Burners Specific Rules............................................................................................. 59
Page
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Chapter 1
Safety and Precautions
There are three indicators of special types of care needed with tools that are
used in the text of this manual:
Indicates danger to personnel.
Indicates danger to equipment
NOTE: Indicates special care needs to be taken
It is your responsibility to be sure that you and anyone working with you or
near the tool is aware to the risk described
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1. General Rules
1.1 Danger to Personnel

1.1.1 Introduction
Well testing operations deal with highly inflammable fluids at high pressures and temperatures.
As such, they require well-trained operators and well maintained equipments, especially in the presence
of gas or high GOR oils.
Moreover, IT ESSENTIAL THAT THESE EQUIPMENTS, HANDLED BY COMPETENT OPERATORS
BE INTALLED AND OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARD PRACTICE AND SAFETY
REGULATIONS.
A perfect understanding of all-operational steps, possible hazards and emergency shut-down procedures is a
prerequisite for all well Testing operations and should be discussed with the client beforehand:
• Do think safety when arriving at the well site. It is too late!
Most of Well Testing jobs requires nowadays detailed and advanced planning.
• Whenever possible, visit the well site to check for hazards prior to the job.
Collect from the client (On the site or at his office) accurate information on:
- Completion or test string,

- Well head pressure,
- Produced fluids (H2S, corrosive fluids),
- Need of hydrate inhibitors,
- Set-up and distances between well testing devices (Heater, Separator…),
- Etc.
For long testing operations, relief crews must be made available. A tired operator is a potential danger for the
rest of the crew. Plan in advance with client what operations can or cannot be performed at night.
The general safety considerations related to the layout of the surface testing equipment are:
• Equipment layout and spacing must be done in accordance with classified zones.
• All of the pieces of surface testing equipment must be grounded.
• The electrical connection required for certain pieces of surface testing equipment, such as the
transfer pump or the laboratory cabin, must be safe and approved.
• Piping used for high-pressure wells must be anchored.
• Piping must be color coded to identify the working pressure of the pipe. It is helpful if the piping is
labeled to identify the fluids passing through it.
• The dominant wind direction must be identified to properly orient equipment that vents or burns
gas.
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1.1.2 Responsabilities.
Responsibilities must be clearly defined between Schlumberger and client before starting the job.
Schlumberger recognizes that the rig owner or clients have primary responsibilities concerning the safety of
the personnel and Equipment, and we must respect the general and particular safety regulations prevailing
on the rig or the country.
It is the client’s responsibility to ensure that rig safety regulations are understood and followed by our
personnel (Alarm sound coding, etc.) and to ensure abandonment of the site or evacuation of a victim.
But we are the specialists as far as our equipment and our techniques are concerned. Therefore, the actions
to be taken in case of emergency must be clearly defined beforehand. In particular, in which circumstances
the Schlumberger crew chief must stop type operation.
It is the Schlumberger Base Manager’s responsibility:
- To organize the Schlumberger job in cooperation with the client: WHO does WHAT, WHERE and
WHEN.
- For H2S jobs, to verify that all Schlumberger crew members know what to do in case of contamination,
how to operate safety equipment and where it is located :
ON LOCATION, THE OPERATION MUST BE REHEARSED BEFOREHAND: A PRATICAL

DEMONSTRATION OF THE H2S REANIMATION KIT MUST BE MADE, DANGER AREAS DEFINED AND
MARKED, ESCAPE AND RESCUE ROUTES DECIDED.
One attendant of the rig crew should be present during the demonstration of the reanimation kit.
1.1.3 Personnel Safety.
• On location, hold safety Meeting with rig or production crew. Review all operational steps, possible safety
hazards, open and shut-in procedures.
• Know and practice emergency procedures, including fire, abandonment of the site. Review location and
operation of fire extinguishers.
• Always wear safety equipment (Boots, fireproof loud colored coveralls, gloves, hard hat).
• Firmly anchor to the rig structure or the ground all flowlines especially bursting disc line, safety valves
lines, flow lines, etc.
• Particular attention must be paid to hoses when used. Have hoses positively attached to heavy pieces of
equipment since they can easily swing under pressure. Check them for pressure ratings and damages.
• Clean muddy slippery rig floors.
• Clear area from unnecessary personnel, especially during pressure tests of equipments before the job.
• Do not smoke. Leave matches and lighters in the accommodations.
• Do not use steel sledgehammers (sparks!) to tighten connections. Brass is a must. Make sure Brass
Hammers are in top shape. Serious injuries may happen from clips or brass cuttings.
• When working on superstructures of derricks, etc. Wear safety harness.
• When working above water, wear life jacket.
• For night operations ensure that proper lighting is available.
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• Safety with nitrogen
High pressure Nitrogen is more and more used in our techniques, for instance in Flowhead
Accumulators, or to check and calibrate Separator Safety Valves…
Safety is perfectly insured in countries requesting high standards regarding the quality control of the
gases manufactured. However, in some other countries where the quality control of N2 gas is not as
stringent it could be a lethal operation.
Fatal accidents with Downhole Test Tools explode while pre-charging Pressure Chambers with
Nitrogen have been reported.
The cause seems to be that if pressurized N2 contains small percentages of oxygen it reacts with the
grease and oil, lowering the flash point and causing combustion.
After inquiring with Nitrogen suppliers, we can henceforth fix the upper safe limit for Oxygen
concentration in Nitrogen i.e. 10 PPM.
To check this concentration a Precision Oxygen Analyzer must be used:
The model 320 B Oxygen Analyzer from Teledyne Analytical Instruments is recommended. It is
available from Schlumberger NOM under Ref. N° 59986.
High Pressure Pumps:
1. When releasing Pressure, always Bleed-off SLOWLY via Bleed-off vale of the Pump
2. At each TRIM session, Pressure test the circuit downstream of the pump, including Pump Hose,
at maximum WP, with Bleed-off Valve closed. This check is also to insure that seal efficiency of
Pump Bleed-off Valve and Check Valves is perfect.
3. When Pressure Testing Equipment, always start with the Pump Tank completely filled-up with
test fluid.
4. While Pressure Testing Equipment, avoid refilling the Pump Tank. This is achieved most of the
time by evacuating the equipment to be tested, to insure Test fluid fills up complete the
equipment to be tested: In case of accidental backflow, the quantity of fluid recovered in the
Pump Tank is thus lower than the volume of the Tank itself.
5. Make sure the Tank Filling Plug of the Pump is free to pop in a safe direction in case of
accidental backflow. Use Pumping Units with large vents for that plug.
6. Close beed-off Valves before connecting a pump to any circuit to be pressurized.
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1.1.4 Operational Hints.
• Remember that a well supposed with low H2S concentration may develop into a high H2S concentration
one.
• Have escape ways prepared and clearly routed with labels.
• Comply with general and particular rig safety procedures to avoid conflict actions in case of emergency
especially rig evacuation.
• No H2S must be allowed to escape to atmosphere in a place where it can accumulate and be dangerous.
Wind direction should be monitored constantly.
• If a leak develops, every effort should be made to stop the leak at once.
• Shrinkage measurements must be performed with shrinkage tester in a well-ventilated position
(breathing set donned).
• If H2S is present, long range protection systems must be used (See hereafter).
• Breathing apparatus must be worn during all operations where personnel might be in contact with
effluent, for example :
- Surface sampling,
- Changing DANIEL orifice,
- Changing Chicksans,
- Changing Chokes on Heaters, Floor Choke Manifolds,
- Bleeding off lubricators,
- Walking on Burner Boom,
- Opening pig rap on fixed stations…etc.
• Any operation or handling on the well testing line (opening Bop's, changing Daniel orifice, disconnection,
opening or closing valves…) must also steadily be observed by another operator or someone from the rig
crew, ready for emergency action. Do not hesitate giving alarm in case of any unusual behavior of an
operator.
• Pilot circuits must be supplied with air, nitrogen or bottled gas (heaters). IN NO CASE SHOULD PILOT
CIRCUITS BE SUPPLIED WITH SEPARATOR GAS IF H2S IS PRESENT.
• If compressed air is used, care should be exerted to have it from a compressor having its air intake
located outside the danger area or windward.
1.1.5 H2S Defense.

For the H2S detection and protection (Passive defense) we do not force our locations to comply with given
procedure or models. Follow particular rig descriptions; purchase what is available locally.
However, for H2S reanimation (Active defense) when speed is the most important factor, we have
standardized on one system only, so that everyone within Schlumberger worldwide is familiar with this system
and can operate it without delay.
1.1.6 H2S Service.
H2S properties
Color None
Odor Very offensive, often referred to as rotten eggs
Density 1.189, heavier than air (1.000)
Explosive limits 4.3 to 46%
Ignition temperature 500°F – 260°C
Water solubility Four volumes of gas in one volume of water @ 32°F – 0°C
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1.1.7 H2S Toxicity.
H2S Toxicity
1 PPM 0.0001% H2S can be smelled
Caution: IF H2S exceeds 1 PPM, escape or use
protective equipment (breathing apparatus)
10 PPM 0.001% Working allowed for 8-hr maximum.

100 PPM 0.01% Smell disappears in 3 to 15 min, burns eyes and
throat
200 PPM 0.02% Smell disappears quickly, burns eyes and throat
500 PPM 0.05% Loose sense of reasoning and balance,
respiratory problems within 2 to 15 min, need
prompt artificial resuscitation
700 PPM 0.07% Becomes unconscious quickly, breathing stops,
death occurs if not rescued and given artificial
resuscitation immediately
1000 PPM 0.1% Unconscious at once, permanent brain damage

may result unless rescued immediately
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1.1.8 H2S Detection.

NEVER USE SMELL FOR DETECTION
Hydrogen sulfide is generally recognized by a characteristic foul odor. Prolonged exposure to low
concentrations has a tendency to act upon the olfactory nerves, thereby dulling the sense of smell. This is
important, especially to those who think they can detect dangerous concentrations by the sense of smell. It
acts on the eyes and respiratory system, resulting in irritation. Irritation to the eyes often causes severe pain
and may incapacitate the worker.
When high concentrations are present, death may occur before the odor is detected, death being due to lung
paralysis.
1. Use of central monitoring unit :

This unit is able to scan 4 to 6 detectors located up to 40 m apart and signals by sound and light
when H2S concentration is above a predetermined level near one of these detectors.
These expensive systems are normally used in heavy, permanent installations.
For the time being we consider that the rig operator should furnish such systems, However in some
cases, in particular when Schlumberger is the only contractor, we may have to furnish the
equipment and charge the client for it.
They can be purchased from general Monitors, Draeger, etc.
Location of H2S detectors and alarms must be arranged with client.
2. Use of Lead acetate capsule

Schlumberger recommends the use of these capsules:
They consist of a tiny glass container containing lead acetate, and placed inside a cotton wool
envelope.
When the capsule is broken the lead acetate impregnates the cotton wool, which will darken
according to H2S concentration.
They can be used in large quantities to beacon work area and shall be located along « strategic »
paths.
Their low price allows dense « flaring ».
They are very sensitive to H2S.
They shall be stuck near all possible source of leakage (Weco quick connection, chicksan swivel,
flanges, DANIEL orifice bearer, valves, etc.).
A visual control of these strips has to be arranged on a regular basis (once or twice an hour).
The control shall be effected by an operator carrying an escape mask (see hereafter).
They also can be worn by all for individual protection.
There is no limit to the concentration of the capsule as long as the glass is not broken and it can be
used several days after the glass has been broken.
They are cheap and we strongly recommend that all locations having to work in H2S environment,
oeder some of them and do not hesitate to use them. They are advantageously used in light,
temporary installations.
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Reference: Hydrogen Sulfide Detector, Ref.: 1709, available from:
SAFETY SUPPLY COMPANY

214 King Street East
TORONTO – ONTARIO M 5 A 1 J 8
Canada
Telex: 065.24.390
Phone: Toronto 416 – 364.32.34
They may also be ordered from
E.F.F. Manufacturing under ref.: G 826 528, per pack of 10 capsules.
3. Use of sniffers (Draeger) with the proper reactive tube :
67 19001 (1 to 20 PPM H2S)

CH 29801 (50 to 600 PPM H2S)
CH 29101 (100 to 2000 PPM H2S)
They can be used in different places and even where access is difficult or dangerous by using a
flexible extension CH 7271).
The reactive tubes should be stored in sufficient quantity in a cool place (between 5°C and 30°C i.e.
40°F and 85°F). If so, they are usable for 2 years.
We recommend that two sets be available on jobs when H2S is expected. They can be of the
Dreager make or any other similar equipment available locally.
DRAEGER H2S REACTIVE TUBE
DRAEGER SNIFFER
For lower ranges of freactive tube

that is in low H2S concentrations.
The bellows pump should be
actuated ten (10) times before
reading scale. In high H2S
concentrations, actuate pump one
time and read scale.
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1.1.9 H2S Protection.
Practically, all products available on the market are similar, since they are based on physical or chemical
properties of the substances.
The main point to watch is the design of the mask, especially:

- eye protection and panoramic vision,
- demisting of the glass while in use,
- Possibility of wearing spectacles underneath.
Before the job, each a) Short range protection

operator reveives a mask Masks fitted with filtering cartridge
and a filtering cartridge. (Attention! Use the proper cartridge for H2S)
may only by used for escape.
Operators fits the mask
and adjust straps for They must be worn in waiting position
correct tightness (check during the entire operation.
by plugging inlet while
Although manufacturers claim a long-range
breathing.
protection with these masks, Schlumberger
policy is to consider them as short-range
The cartridge is then protectors or « ESCAPE SETS »:
screwed to the mask.
For given cartridge size, the efficiency of
Any cartridge found duration of the cartridge is a direct function
without protective plugs of the poison concentration and respiratory
must be discarded. rhythm of the user, both parameters being
not easily monitored.
After Job the cartridge is
thrown away.
Each crewmember must be provided

with a « ESCAPE SET » (Mask and cartridge ready for use).
Two spare sets are also requested on location.
ú Any cartridge stored without protective plugs must be discarded.
ú Filtering for H2S are identified by the letter « B » and are painted in Grey (Adopted
International Standard DIN 3181).
ú The fitting to the mask is a round thread according to adopted International Standard DIN
3183.
ú The « ESCAPE SET » must be worn around the neck in waiting position during the entire
operation.
This type of equipment is preferably purchased locally.

We recommend « PARAT » from Draeger, « 3S »
from MSA, or similar products.
In selecting a mask the facility of putting it on should

be a criterium of the choice. Operators must be
trained to put them on quickly. Breards and
moustaches may have to be shaved.
DRAEGER Type « PARAT » ESCAPE MASK
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b) Long range protection.
The masks as described above should never be used for work. Anytime work is necessary in contaminated
area an airpack respiratory apparatus must be used.
It gives the protection needed to carry out continuously work in contaminated environment. This can last from
a few minutes to several hours. Schlumberger does not normally perform such service, except when
changing chokes, Daniel orifice, Sampling… In emergency also we might be forced to use such protection
equipment, especially in case of equipment breakdown or RESCUE of PERSONNEL.
It includes:
- Independent breathing apparatus, with compressed air bottles, similar to those used in diving
operations.
The autonomy depends on the capacity of the bottle, air-filling pressure, and on the job to be carried out
(light or « heavy »).
Example: with a consumption of 30 l/min:

- A 4 liter bottle / 200 bars has an autonomy of about 20 minutes.
- A 6 liter bottle / 300 bars has an autonomy of about one hour.
All existing products have an « end of bottle » indicator (sound or visual).
Many of them can be switched over to an air supply pipe.
They can be used in any climatic environment.
Here again we would suggest local purchase of equipment.
Airpacks should be of the overpressure type (contaminated air from outside cannot get inside). Again
the facility to put them on should be an element of the choice.
For your information, we recommend:
DRAEGEL
ú Model P.A. 80 with pressurized Panorama Nova Mask and 5 l Bottle.
DRAEGER:
ú Type P.A. 54 (Dorsal type)
ú SIMPLAIR (ventral type) for work in limited space.
AUER
ú Type BD 73/1800-3 (Dorsal type)
MSA
ú Type BD – EG (Ventral type)
2 Sets of INDEPENDENT BREATHING APPARTUS MUST BE GIVEN TO THE CREW
- Apparatus to be connected a general air supply pipe.

Due to our particular working conditions, we do not recommend their use on an air oilrig since:
The hose can easily be cut, and poison gas inhaled.
The connection hose forces the user to return by the same route he took when entering the
contaminated area.
An « escape bottle » must be provided with this apparatus. This required additional attention.
- Recirculation apparatus (Not recommended).
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1.1.10 Reanimation.
Every location that may have to conduct H2S operation should have at least one kit at the site. Schlumberger
has chosen the M.S.A. (Mining Safety Appliance) twin bottle kit.
The M.S.A. reference for Schlumberger is 91109011.
This model is Slightly different from the standard M.s.A. unit, since the automatic vacuum system to clean the
patient airways is replaced be a hand operated cleaner having the same efficiency and which does not waste
oxygen – See emergency instructions hereafter.
All patient data for operating this kit are part given hereafter. See emergency Instructions.
M.S.A. Reanimation Kit may be ordered from E.F.F. – Manufacturing under reference M 814 941.
CHECK LIST
Oxygen bottles & Manifold

Open one of the valve • manometers reads 200 bars.
Open ‚ fully counterclockwise. Flowmeter needle moves erratically,
then goes back to zero.
Wait for 5 minutes in this postion, obesving for leaks.
Close •.
Close ‚.
Open ƒ.
Pressure gauge needle kicks, then goes back to zero:
Oxygen bleeds off,
Manometer reads zero.
Close ƒ.
Repeat the process for the other bottle.
Note: For additional safety it is recommended to weigh the bottles: The

weight when empty is stamped on bottle (ex: PV 3,23 kg) Add to this
weight about 750 kg representing 550 liters O2 at 200 bars.
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Retec Valve / «Coanda» Effect:
At the output of the RETEC VALVE, connect item ˆ Test Balloon.

Open one of the valves •.
Open ‚ fully CCW
Slowly open ƒ; adjust pressure between 10-15 cm H2O. Observe inflation and depletion of TEST BALLOON at a
rhythm of 10 to 15 cycles/min.
Close •, ‚ and ƒ.
Disconnect TEST BALLOON.
Accessories:
Check that thread of adapter for STD oxygen bottle (item 13)
fits is available on the rig:
In case of emergency, WELDING OXYGEN CAN BE USED!
Check visually bellows pump item …. Connect it to the flexible hose item ‡.
Check Operation of Automatic One Way Valve.
Everyone of the crew check fits of mask on himself and also checks
tightness by plugging inlet while breathing.
REMEMBER: 2 Full Bottles = ONE HOUR Autonomy!
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1.1.11 Toxic Materials.
Hydraulic oil
According to MDSD Fr 1080, FINA Hydran B 2512 F.

Dangerous substance: Phosphoric Ester
Warning: CE directives do not classify hydraulic oil. However care has to be taken.
Wearing gloves, security glasses and protective clothes is recommended
• In case of skin contact, wipe the maximum, wash with large amounts of soap and water.
• In case of eye contact, open eyelid and flush eyes with water for 15 minutes
• Do not ingest. If done accidentally, do not bring up. Call immediately the doctor.
• In case of inspiration inside the lungs –especially in case of spontaneous vomiting-, rush to hospital.
Waste disposal method: discard the product in its disposal container, including any associated material, in an
environmentally acceptable manner in full compliance with Federal State and local regulations.
Hydraulic oil is flammable up to 103degC.

• In case of fire, carbon dioxide, dry powder and fire fighting foams are recommended. Water is prohibited.
In any case, avoid the leakage and wipe correctly the tool, especially for tests at temperature.
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1.1.12 Advanced Well Test Design.

All surface testing equipment manufactured and operations performed by Schlumberger, obeys to a set of
recognized standards, and internal guidelines.
The general standards and general Schlumberger specifications described below apply to all Schlumberger
surfaces testing equipment. Local authorities have issued additional regulations which relate to well testing
operations, such as:
- Det Norske Veritas rules for mobile offshore units Pt. 6 DRILL (N)
- UK Statutory Instruments N° 289 and HSE Guidance Notes
- NPD regulations for drilling, etc., for petroleum in Norwegian internal waters.
General standards
Surface testing equipment used by Schlumberger shall comply with the following standards:
- API Specification 6A for Flowheads, valves and Chicksans
- API RP 14E and API Specification 6A for choke manifolds
- API RP 14E and/or ANSI B31.3 for piping
- API Specification 12K for heaters and steam exchangers
- API RP 14C for surface safety systems
- API Specification 14A and 14D for surface safety shutdown valves, and ESD systems
- API 16A Specification for Drill Through Equipment (Includes API Hubs)
- ASME boiler and pressure vessel code Section VIII for pressure vessels
- NACE MR-01-75 for all H2S service equipment.
Well Test Design
For high pressure/high temperature, and/or high rate well tests a HAZOP and a well test design review must
be carried out for each test or project. The well test design review is based on the safety analysis techniques
defined in API RP 14C, and emergency shutdown systems designed accordingly. For applications above
10,000 psi and High Flow Rate: (High rate tests are defined as > 30 MMSCF/D for gas wells and/or > 8000
BOPD for oil well) The following guidelines are recommended
- Basic 3-stage architecture of the safety systems with:
1) Well parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate, H2S content, etc.) monitored continuously with
redundant electronic and manual systems; measured parameters compared with the “operating envelope”
parameters defined for the well test design
2) Emergency shutdown systems controlling wellhead valve, subsea safety valve and flowlines valve
activated by manual control, Lo/Hi pressure pilots, or fusible loops and temperature sensors.
3) Pressure safety valves venting from each section of the flowlines having a WP rating less than the
maximum shut-in wellhead pressure.
- Redundancy of safety at every stage, with sufficient segregation of operations to prevent system failure due
to any component breakdown.
- Total protection at surface:
a) On a semi-submersible rig, incorporate the Subsea-Tree into the ESD system
b) On a jack-up or land rig run an E-Z valve linked to the ESD.
c) Wellhead valve closure and shutdown of test equipment if well parameters exceed the operating envelope,
the pilots are actuated or surface equipment essential to well control fails creating a safety or environmental
hazard; closure at subsea safety valve in case of catastrophic failure
d) Bypass of the automatic ESD controls in a) and b) whenever wireline or coil tubing is in the well; only
manual actuation allowed
- Operating time of the safety system commensurate with the well and reservoir characteristics; less than 10
seconds full closure of the surface safety valves when operated manually or by the slowest pilot device.
Page :1-20
API 14 C S.A.F.E. Chart

API 14 C DELAY SHUT DOWN HORN MESSAGE RECOMMENDED PRESSURE
SAFETY ANALYSIS FLOWLINE ON ON SET POINT RELIEF
FUNCTION EVALUATION CHART CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL
(S.A.F.E.) INTERNAL PLC FLOWLINE PANEL PANEL PANEL
TIME VALVE AUDIBLE MESSAGE PLC OPERATOR
14th DEC 1993 Preliminary REV 1. ALARM INTERFACE
PROCESS COMPONENT DEVICE ALT. PROTECTION SDV SDV PANEL
IDENT. SERVICE I.D. SAC NO. ALTERN. 001 002 REMARKS
FLOWLINE UPSTREAM PSL-001 N/A X X PSH NOT REQ AS MWHP<MAWP

HEAT EXCH.
PRESSURE
H-001 EROSION ERP-001 5 SEC X X LINKED TO PNEUMATIC ESD

HEAT OF COIL
EXCHANGER
VESSEL PSH-301 X X 200 PSIG LINKED TO PNEUMATIC ESD
PRESSURE PSV-001 240 PSIG X SET POINT AT AMBIENT TEMP
FLOWLINE UPSTREAM PT-201 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
CHOKE PSHH-201 1 SEC X X X X 100% WP
PRESSURE PSL-201 1 SEC X X 500 PSIG
PSLL-201 1 SEC X X X X 200 PSIG
LOOP X
FLOWLINE DOWNSTREAM PT-202 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
TO HEAT CHOKE PSHH-202 1 SEC X X X X 100% WP
EXCHANGER PRESSURE PSH-202 1 SEC X X 60% WP
LOOP X
H-002 PRESSURE PT-301 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
HEAT OIL LINE PSHH-301 1 SEC X X X X 100% WP
EXCHANGER FROM PSH-301 1 SEC X X 80 % WP
HEATER TO PSLL301 1 SEC X X X X 100 PSIG
SEPARATOR PSV-003 1260 PSIG X
LOOP X
H-002 PRESSURE PT-322 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
HEAT VESSEL PSHH-322 1 SEC X X X X 145 PSIG
EXCHANGER PSH-322 1 SEC X X 120 PSIG
PSLL322 1 SEC X X 30 PSIG
PSV-002 220 PSIG X SET POINT AT AMBIENT TEMP
LOOP X
D-001 PRESSURE PT-101 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
SEPARATOR PSHH-101 1 SEC X X X X 83% WP
PSH-101 1 SEC X X 65% WP
PSL-101 1 SEC X X 15% WP
PSV-004 1197 PSIG X
PSV-005 1260 PSIG X
LOOP N/A X
OIL LEVEL LT-111 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
LSHH-111 2 SEC X X X X 55 CM Top of sightglass
LSH-111 2 SEC X X 50 CM 5cm < top of sightglass
LSL-111 2 SEC X X 5 CM 5cm > bottom of sightglass
LSLL-111 2 SEC X X X X 0 CM Bottom of sightglass
LOOP X
D-002 PRESSURE PT-401 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
SURGE TANK PSHH-401 1 SEC X X X X 50 PSIG
PSH-401 1 SEC X X 35 PSIG
PSLL-401 1 SEC X X 0 PSIG
PSV-006 50 PSIG X
LOOP X
OIL LEVEL LT-411 (4-20mA SIGNAL TO CPU IN CONTROL ROOM) THIS INSTRUMENT PERFORMS THE PSHH, PSL & PSLL PRESSURE FUNCTIONS.
LSHH-411 2 SEC X X X X Top of sightglass
LSH-411 2 SEC X X 20cm < top of sightglass
LSLL-411 2 SEC X X Bottom of sightglass
LOOP X
ESD MANUAL ESD ESD 1 N/A X X LOCATED ON DRILL FLOOR

PANEL-C001 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
ESD MANUAL ESD ESD 2 N/A X X LOCATED AT CHOKE MANIFOLD

PANEL-C002 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Example of chart used in HAZOP analysis to log in the various levels of alarms and protections by segment.
The information on each segment or equipment is derived from the S.A.T. (Safety Analysis Tables) for each
segment, and from the general safety design philosophy. Examples of those are provided in the following
pages.
Page :1-21
Safety Design Philosophy

Customer :
Rig :
Well : Job N° :
SAFETY SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY Updated:
FIRST STAGE
Well parameters ( pressure, temperature and flow rates ) are continuously
monitored by the following :-
A) COMPUTER ACQUISITION SYSTEM

1) Real time digital / analogue output of well parameters
2) Hi/lo settings for any well parameters giving audible/visual alarm (manual reset)
B) MECHANICAL PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE RECORDERS

1) Foxboro pressure/temperature recorder for wellhead
2) Barton pressure/temperature recorder for separator
C) MANUAL PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE MONITORING

1) Dead Weight Tester, manual or electronic for pressure at wellhead.
2) Dial pressure gauges/pencil thermometers throughout the well test equipment.
DURING WELL TEST OPERATIONS, THE WELL PARAMETERS ARE CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED
WITH CROSS CHECKS BETWEEN A, B AND C TO ENSURE ACCURACY.
SECOND STAGE
Emergency shut down system
A) OVERALL SYSTEM CONTROLLING FLOWHEAD ISOLATION VALVE (SDV1)

AND FLOWLINE ISOLATION VALVE (SDV2)
THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED BY : -
1) Electrical ESD system.
2) Manual pull buttons.
3) Pneumatic hi pilots.
4) Pneumatic ESD erosion probe.
THIRD STAGE
Pressure safety valves (PSV) venting to safe areas from the following points:
1) PSV3 located on flowline to burners to allow for pressure relief.

2) PSV4& PSV5 located on the separator vessel to allow for pressure relief.
3) PSV1,PSE1 and PSV 2 located on heat exchanger vessels to allow for pressure relief
in case of over pressure of steam vessels.
4) PSV6 located on surge tank to allow for pressure relief.
This system is designed to protect from any blockage/rupture in the well test train between
the rig floor and burners
Page :1-22
S.A.T. Tables
SAFETY COMPONENT : Customer :
ANALYSIS Rig :
TABLE FLOWLINE SEGMENTS Well : Job N° :
Updated:
UNDESIRABLE EVENT CAUSE DETECTABLE CONDITION PROTECTION
AT COMPONENT PRIMARY SECONDARY
15K FLOW SEGMENT

OVERPRESSURE CHOKE FAILURE HIGH PRESSURE NONE NONE
ON HEAT EXCHANGER NOTE 1 NOTE 1
BLOCKED LINE
LEAK DETERIORATION LOW PRESSURE PSL-001 ESD

RUPTURE AND BACKFLOW PSL-201
ACCIDENT SDV-002
1.1K FLOW SEGMENT

OVERPRESSURE BLOCKED LINE HIGH PRESSURE PSH-301 PSV-003, ESD

RUPTURE AND BACKFLOW
ACCIDENT
NOTE 1 : PSV NOT REQUIRED ON FLOWLINE SEGMENT PROVIDING MAWP>SITP
SAFETY COMPONENT : Customer :

ANALYSIS Rig :
TABLE SEPARATOR Well : Job N° :
Updated:
UNDESIRABLE EVENT CAUSE DETECTABLE CONDITION PROTECTION
AT COMPONENT PRIMARY SECONDARY
OVERPRESSURE BLOCKED OUTLET HIGH PRESSURE PSH-101,PSH-301 PSV-004, PSV-005

PSV-003
UNDERPRESSURE OUTFLOW EXCEEDS INFLOW LOW PRESSURE PSL-101 ESD
OVERFLOW INFLOW EXCEEDS OUTFLOW HIGH LIQUID LEVEL LSH-111 ESD

LEVEL CONTROL FAILURE NOTE 1
GAS BLOW-BY LEVEL CONTROL FAILURE LOW LIQUID LEVEL LSL-111 ESD
NOTE 2

AND BACK FLOW
NOTE 1 : EQUIPMENT DOWNSTREAM CAN SAFELY HANDLE MAXIMUM LIQUID CARRY-OVER. SEPARATOR CONTINUOUSLY MANNED
DURING OPERATIONS
NOTE 2 : EQUIPMENT DOWNSTREAM CAN SAFELY HANDLE MAXIMUM GAS RATES THAT CAN BE DISCHARGED THROUGH LIQUID OUTLET
SEPARATOR CONTINUOUSLY MANNED DURING OPERATIONS
Similar tables are provided for each item…
Page :1-23
Surface Safety
Equipment overview
Page :1-24
Safety barriers
Safety barriers and ESD requirements have to comply, as a minimum, to Schlumberger internal pressure
policy. This is governed by an internal document: “Pressure Operations Manual”. The following table is an
extract if this document.
Flowrate Nature of Fluid

and/or
Shut-in Wellhead
Pressure (psi) Oil Gas Oil H2S Gas H2S
High Flow Rate S2 + ESD S3 + ESD

Gas > 30 MMSCF/D SS1 SS1
Liquid > 8000 bpd D1 D2
S2 S2 + ESD
< 3000 SS0 SS0
D1 D2
S2 S2 + ESD
3000 < < 5000 SS0 SS1
D1 D2
S2 + ESD S3 + ESD
5000 < < 10,000 SS1 SS1
D1 D2
S3 + ESD
10,000 < < 15,000 SS1
D2
Production string mandatory
> 15,000 S3 + ESD
SCSSV
D0
Legend S2 = Master valve + flowline valve
S3 = Master valve + flowline valve + SSV (Surface Safety Valve)
SS0 = Subsurface valve not mandatory
SS1 = E-Z valve or E-Z tree or SCSSV
D1 = DST valve
D2 = DST valve + DST safety valve
D0 = Downhole valve non mandatory with production string
High flow rate = flow rate ≥ 30 MMSCF/D gas and/or ≥ 8,000 BPD liquid
Remark: The above valve configurations are understood as a minimum
Recommended setup and may be upgraded at customer’s discretion.
In addition to the Schlumberger policy, safety and regulation requirements from customer and government
institutions will be implemented.
Example of advanced well test design and safety HAZOP analysis, as per API RP14C, are described at the
end of this section.
An ESD system is recommended for all well-test operation and should include as minimum of two remote
control stations:
• One at the separator
• One in an area away from all pressurized equipment.
-
These control stations are necessary to ensure the well can be controlled from more than one place.
Page :1-25
1.1.13 General Rules for Pressure Testing Surface Equipment
1.1.13.1 General Safety Aspects of Pressure Testing
• Never tighten pipes under pressure.
• Bleed off pressure and keep at least one valve open before and during loosening or tightening any
connections.
• Always flush lines properly prior to applying any pressure. Bleed air of vessels and piping at the highest
point to make sure no air gets trapped in the system.
• For pressure testing vessels apply low pressure first (250 psi) and observe for leaks before applying
higher pressures.
• Have sufficient gauges mounted on equipment to be pressure tested to be able to monitor pressure in
lines at all times.
• Discuss pressure testing program with companyman and pump operator prior to start to avoid any
confusion (hand out a copy of the pressure test sequence to companyman).
• The maximum test pressure on site is the rated working pressure of the equipment. Under no
circumstances should that pressure be exceeded at the wellsite. API-pressure tests to the equipment test
pressure are only to be carried out in the Base under special safety precautions for the annual inspection.
• Vessels with relief valves and rupture disks (separator) are to be pressure tested to 80% of the vessel
rated working pressure on site. Do not carry out tests of relief valves at the wellsite.
• All ESD pressure pilots are to be isolated during the pressure testing sequence.
• Connections which have been pressure tested already are not to be loosened or tightened unless the
pressure test is repeated afterwards.
1.1.13.2 Communications and Sealing off Pressure Testing Area
• Seal off well-test area with tape and signs indicating that high pressure testing is in progress.
• Also indicate pressurized pipes outside well test area as

- Chicksans from pump unit to choke manifold
- Oil and gas lines to burner booms.
• Ensure no lifting operation takes place over pressurized equipment.
• Obtain a work permit for pressure testing and inform OIM and companyman about the operation.
• For mounting / dismounting plugs on burner booms and switching valves obtain over the side work permit
and wait until standby boat is in position. Have one watchpost ready at all times who is in radio
communication with the captain of the standby boat.
• Be in constant communication with the pump unit via hand held radio during the complete pressure
testing sequence.
• Prior to start of pressure testing carry out a safety announcement over the rig intercom. Repeat safety
announcement every hour if pressure tests are still in progress or announce the end of pressure testing.
• Only personnel absolutely essential to the operation are allowed to stay within sealed off areas.
Page :1-26
1.1.13.3 Fluids for Pressure Testing
• If it is certain that hydrates will not be a problem, seawater can be used for pressure testing.
• If hydrate formation may be a problem on the test, pressure testing should be performed with a mixture
of 50% glycol and 50% seawater.
• For critical tests (high-pressure gas wells) a mixture of 75% glycol and 25% water has to be used. This
should be mixed at the cement unit, ready for pressure testing.
• Never use diesel for pressure testing surface equipment.
• The use of nitrogen for special applications as medium for pressure testing of surface equipment is
possible but has to be discussed in town since a hydrostatic test to 1.25 x WP has to be carried out prior
to the nitrogen test and additional safety precautions are to be taken.
1.1.13.4 Environmental Aspects of Pressure Testing
• In case of environmental restrictions to purge fluids over the side (glycol content) pressure testing fluids
can be pumped back to the tanks of the pump unit using our own lines and the transfer pump. In this
case a bypass valve to the check-valve at the separator inlet has to be provided, which stays rigged up
for the whole test.
• Another option is to use rig hoses (fire hose type) and an air driven pump to recycle pressure testing
fluids from our tank to the pump unit. Do not keep the tank full or partially full after the pressure testing
sequence. Before initial well opening all vessels and tanks have to be drained fully below lower sight
glass level.
• The method of recirculating fluids is also interesting for desert locations where water has only limited
availability.
• Especially for performing meter calibrations big volumes of fluid are used. Therefore after each
calibration run, tank contents can be recirculated via transfer pump and used for the next calibration run.
At the end of all meter calibrations tank contents are recirculated back to the pump tank and therefore
disposed volumes are minimized to the content of surface lines.
• To recover contents of separator vessel connect rig air supply to the top of the vessel and displace fluid
to the tank which is emptied by the method described above.
Page :1-27
1.2 Danger to Equipment
1.2.1 Equipment Safety

a) Transportation and Storage.
• Our equipment suffers most of the time from mishandling during transportation or storage.
• Make sure that it is handled by competent crane operators. Perfect communication between
crane operator and crew, especially off-shore where rig floor and supply boat are out of sight of
each other, is a must.
• Make sure that correct slings and shackles are used. Reject short or worn out slings.
• Always protect slings against sharp angles.
• Lift equipments using the lifting eyes provided on their frames.
• The maximum permissible load to be lifted with slings having a rating A is a function of angle
between these slings and is given by the following table :
SLING RATING MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LOAD

Sling angle between 0 and 45° Sling Angle Between 45° and 90°
Kg Lbs Kg Lbs Kg Lbs

500 1100 1000 2200 700 1550
1000 2200 2000 4400 1400 3100
1500 3300 3000 6600 2100 4650
2500 5500 5000 11000 3500 7700
5000 11000 10000 22000 7000 15500
10000 22000 20000 44000 14000 31000
20000 44000 40000 80000 28000 62000
Notes :
- Remember that the angle to be taken into account is the maximum
angle between slings.
- Do not install slings giving a lifting angle exceeding 90°.
• For long period of storage :

- Clean thoroughly equipments with steam and/or watre added
with corrosion inhibitor.
- Scrape and repaint where necessary.
- Grease all the threads, Weco unions… etc. and cover them with
grease adhesive tape is blanking plugs are not available.
- Open all the Ball Valves and close the corresponding piping by means of plugs.
- Close all the Valves other than the Ball Valves.
- Place all the ancillary equipment and accessories in the corresponding storage cases.
- Close the man-holes, grease the Nuts.
- Oil the Controllers Mechanisms. Protect the Controllers with plastic bags.
- Check that all the metal labels giving the dates of the official tests are provided. Clean and
grease them, if necessary.
- Place a plastic cover over the Rupture Disc line.
Page :1-28
b) Basic Rules for Utilization.

Normally after the well stream leaves the well Head, the pressure rating may be used.
The rule is that a pressure containing process component should :
- Either be designed to withstand the maximum internal pressure which can be exerted on it under
any conditions,
- Or be protected by a pressure relieving device (Safety Relief Valve or Rupture disc).
To Determine the system design pressure ratings it is necessary to show pressure rating boundaries on
mechanical flow sheets. Each section of flow line or process component has an assigned operating pressure
e.g. :
- From the Flowhead down to the Floor Choke Manifold the working pressure must be higher than
the shut-in tubing pressure. This will lead to the choice of the Floor Choke Manifold Assembly.
- FOR SUBSEQUENT SECTIONS THE WORKING PRESSURE IS DETERMINED TO SUIT
PIPING CONNECTIONS.
Pipings and/or equipments are colour coded to recognize their working pressure :
Orange means 3000 psi WP (6000 psi T.P.)

Red 5000 psi WP (10000 psi T.P.)
Black 10000 psi WP (15000 psi T.P.)
White 15000 psi WP (22500 psi T.P.)
The item with the lowest pressure rating within a section determines the pressure rating of this section.
Make sure the Well Head equipment down to Choke Manifold is able to withstand the maximum expected
shut-in pressure.
All other components are protected by making sure that pressure will always remain lower the rated working
pressure.
For all components where working pressure is lower than the shut-in Well Head Pressure, this protection is
provided by a normally closed (N.C.) Surface Safety Valve (S.S.V.) located on the flow line and remotely
controlled by pilots preferably located on each pressure section. These pilots are adjusted to respond
whenever pressure increases above the allowed WP of each of these sections.
On high pressure tests (5000 psi < WHP < 10000 psi) or in case of sour gas, the Surface Safety Valve
must be installed upstream of the Floor Choke Manifold.
The Surface Safety Valve is actuated by flow line pressure sensors provided on each flow line segment of
different working pressure down to the separator.
Additional Safety is insured by the use of an emergency shut-down system (E.S.D.) acting on the Flow Line
Valve of the Flowhead. Use of ESD is strongly recommended whenever WH pressure exceeds 5000 psi.
On very high pressure tests (10000 psi < WHP <15000 psi) there is an Automatic Choke, reducing the
pressure to 10000 psi immediately after the Flow Line Valve. All proceeding remarks remain valid.
In case of sour gas or high pressure tests (= 5000 psi) it is mandatory that one of ESD stations be set-
up at the separator, other stations will be set-up according to the customer’s instructions. However it is
recommended that the stations to shut-in the ESD be provided on each flow line segment of different working
pressure down to the oil and gas manifolds.
When no Surface Safety Valve is used, it is the operator’s responsibility to check and make sure that the
pressure always remain lower than the working pressure assigned to each section.
The separator is provided with pressure relieving devices (Farris Safety Valve and Rupture Disc).
Page :1-29
c) Practical Hints.
Torques to make-up sub-assemblies together must be observed (see relevant chapters).
Use only recommended fittings and connections listed in other chapter.
Have enough Chicksans between Flowhead and floor on floating rigs to allow for maximum expected heave
motion.
In case of gas, if use of Chicksan cannot be avoided, grease the Ball Bearings of Chicksan Swivels and
change the packing before testing.
Chokes shall exclusively be used for flow control. NEVER USE THEM TO SHUT-IN THE FLOW. Any fluid
flowing through a choke must arrive perpendicularly to the needle of the choke an leave it in the direction of
the needle tip.
Gauge tanks should be grounded by a cable allowing static electricity (generated by friction of flowing fluids)
2
to flow and avoiding flashes. This cable should have a minimum section of 1 cm . Off-shore, the ground
should be a iron stake at least 1 m long, driven into the earth and watered regularity (once a day).
IN NO CASE ALLOW GAS TO FLOW TO THE TANK.
Peculiar precautions must be taken in the testing wells producing sand or sediments since this may lead to
fast erosion of the pipes and equipment, especially if velocity is more than 30 m/sec. In such cases constant
monitoring of sand production and use of sand traps is highly recommended. (See FOH IV – SAND
MEASUREMENTS).
CORROSION DETECTION IN W.T. EQUIPMENT PIPES.
In the FIT-TRIM procedures for :

- Manifolds,
- Heaters – Steam Exchangers,
- Separators,…
It is recommended to perform a thickness measurement of the accessible pipe walls with an Ultrasonic
Thickness Detector such as the « Krautkrämer DM2 ».
This detector is already included in the 2 channel portable SANDEC equipment under L 842 847.
Measurement should be made on inlet and outlet elbows, tees, ….etc. where maximum erosion is to be
expected.
A record of the thickness measurement on fixed reference points chosen by the operator will help to trace
corrosion or erosion and avoid unexpected failures.
The « Krautkrämer DM2 » works in ambient temperatures ranging from –10 to 50°C (15 to 125°F).
With a special Sensor it can operate on hot surfaces up to 200°C (400°F).
Page :1-30
d) Pressure Tests
Prior to any pressure test, make sure that all flow lines are safety anchored or chained down to the rig.
Pressure tests are conducted exclusively with water. Water may be added with corrosion inhibitors.
It is recommended to let water flow rapidly through the well testing system to sweep out air or gas that may
be trapped in high spots.
Also one thing must be clear :

If the API requires that for equipments rated at less than 1000 psi WP the test pressure is 200% of the
WP and for equipments rated at 10000 psi WP and above the test pressure is 150% of the WP, it must
be understood that these test pressures apply only for official tests, performed at shops with adequate
facilities.
IN NO CASE THE RULE SHOULD APPLY AT THE WELL SITE, WHERE A PRESSURE TEST AT
MAXIMUM 100% OF WP IS ONLY AUTHORIZED.
Devices protected with bursting heads or rupture disc shall never be tested at 100% WP, unless the safety
device is removed and replaced by a plug.
A safe limit for testing these devices is 90% of WP.
The record of the pressure tests should be included in the final test report. Use the Foxboro Recorder or the
Dowell – Schlumberger or any other recorder available.
The following pressure testing sequence is mandatory prior to any well opening. The different sub-
assemblies are supposed pressure tested individually according to the RITE PROGRAMME (See relevant
Chapters).
Should the customer requires exhaustive testing of the Floor Choke Manifold and the Heater’s coils, blanking
Plugs must be instead of adjustable and/or fixed chokes.
Otherwise, always close the valves located IMMEDIATELY UPSTREAM of the Chokes.
Testing the lines
The different sections must be hydraulically tested at working pressure.

(see table Pressure Sequence Diagram hereafter)
Best is to use a Service Company pumping unit connected to the kill line of Flow Head.
Checking the Safety circuits
SSV and ESD operation should be checked during § 1 « Testing the Lines ».
Do not forget that CAC Actuator located on the Flow Line Valve of the Schlumberger Flow Head has a
Safety Head fitted with a Bursting Disc (Reference BAKER WH - DBMF – 800) shearing at 7500 psi
(525 bar).
DO NOT EXCEED AN HYDRAULIC PRESSURE OF 6500 PSI IN THIS CIRCUIT.
Page :1-31
1.2.2 Equipment Installation on Classified Zones.
Classified Zones.
The information in this topic describes why classified zones were established, defines the classified zones,
and identifies which pieces of surface testing equipment are associated with which zones.
A well site is classified into areas, zones, or divisions based upon the probability that flammable gases or
vapors may be present around a specific piece of equipment. For safety purposes, both the API and French
Association of the Oil and Gas Explorers and Producers have defined such zones.
The following paragraphs rank classified zones from most to least hazardous and define each zone. Zone
restrictions don't dictate the placement of all well test equipment. For example, the ESD and the oil and gas
manifolds, although usually placed in zone 2, are not restricted to a specific zone. However, other well test
equipment is restricted to certain zones as described below.
Zone 0
Area or enclosed space where any flammable or explosive substance (gas, vapor, or volatile liquid) is
continuously present in a concentration that's within the flammable limits for the substance. The borehole or
the well below the wellhead is zone 0.
Zone 1
Area where any flammable or explosive substance (gas, vapor, or volatile liquid) is processed, handled, or
stored; and where, during normal operations, an explosive or ignitable concentration of the substance is likely
to occur in sufficient quantity to produce a hazard.
The gauge tank is placed in a zone 1 because the presence of flammable gases in the immediate vicinity of
the gauge tank vent is normal. Most of the electric-driven transfer pumps are designed for use in zone 1,
however, their use in this zone may be subject to geographical restrictions or client approvals.
At the choke manifold samples of well effluent are taken, typically at the beginning of a test. Because
sampling causes some gas to be released to the atmosphere, the choke manifold is usually placed in zone 1.
Because the Flowhead is used as a means of introducing tools into the well during a well test, the area
around the Flowhead is classified as zone 1, otherwise the area around the Flowhead is classified as zone 2.
Zone 2
Area where any flammable or explosive substance (gas, vapor, or volatile liquid) is processed and stored
under controlled conditions. The production of an explosive or ignitable concentration of such a substance in
sufficient quantity to constitute a hazard is only likely to occur under abnormal conditions.
The separator is placed in zone 2 because the separator only releases flammable gases or vapors under
abnormal conditions, such as a leak. Diesel-driven transfer pumps can be located in zone 2 if they are
equipped with automatic shut down devices, spark arrestors, inertia starters or special electrical starters.
The indirect heater must be located in zone 2 because it uses a naked flame to heat well effluent. Because
its surfaces can reach high temperatures, the steam exchanger is also restricted to zone 2.
Clean Zone
Area where no flammable or explosive substances are processed, handled, or stored. This zone is also
referred to as a non-hazardous or safe area. An example of a clean zone is the living quarters of an offshore
drilling rig.
Note: Schlumberger's safety procedures recommend not overlapping classified zones within a well testing
layout. The definitions and the zone classifications can be found in the publication API-64B.
Page :1-32
1.2.3 Safety Standards.
The following drawings identify, for both onshore and offshore surface testing layouts, which pieces of
surface testing equipment are associated with which zones.
OnShore Safety Standards
Page :1-33
OffShore Safety Standards
This list summarizes the key points illustrated in the "Onshore Safety Standards" and the "Offshore Safety
Standards" drawings.
Onshore, the area around the Flowhead is classified as zone 2 within a radius of 15 m (45 ft) and
offshore it is classified as zone 2 within a radius of 10 m (30ft).
In the event the separator vessel is overpressurized, the rupture disk will burst releasing effluent to the
atmosphere. Because of this risk, the area around the separator rupture disk pipe is classified as zone 1
within a radius of 5 m (15 ft) and as zone 2 within a radius of 10 m (30 ft).
For both offshore and onshore layouts, the area (3 m or 15 ft) above the roof of the gauge tank is
classified as zone 1.
Page :1-34
1.2.4 Recommended Distances.
The following drawings show how the recommended distances between different pieces of equipment affect
the onshore and offshore surface testing layout.
OnShore Recommended Distances
Page :1-35
OffShore Recommended Distances
Page :1-36
This list summarizes the key points illustrated in the "Onshore Recommended Distances" and the "Offshore
Recommended Distances" drawings.
• Onshore, the separator should be located 25 m (75 ft) away from the wellhead.
• Offshore this distance may be reduced to 13 m (40 ft).
• Onshore, the heater / steam exchanger should be located 30 m (90 ft) away from the wellhead.
• Offshore this distance may be reduced to 10 m (30 ft).
• Onshore, the gauge tank should be located 30 m (90 ft) from the wellhead.
• Offshore, this distance may be reduced to 25 m (75 ft).
• Onshore, the distance between the separator and the heater should be 30 m (90 ft).
• Offshore, this distance can be reduced to 3 m (10 ft).
• Onshore, the distance between the gauge tank and the separator should be 25 m (75 ft).
• Onshore, the distance between the heater and the gauge tank should be 30 m (90 ft).
Safety Standards.
The following standards, whichever the most stringent, have excerpted either from the API RP 50 B or from
the Safety Recommendations issued by the French Association of the Oil and Gas Explorers and Producers :
Although the spirit of both reglementations does not differ very much, the API RP 500 B is restricted to the
classification of areas for Electrical Installations at drilling rigs and production facilities on land off-shore,
whereas the French Recommendations cover also disposition of open fires and engines.
There is also a Schlumberger Policy, based on experience, to recommend that classified areas within a well
testing set-up should not cross or overlap.
Page :1-37
Correspondences between U.S. and French Standards.

Classified Areas
US French
Class I, Division 1 Type 1 Zone
Class I, Division 2 Type 2 Zone
Production Fluids
US French
Group A Category A
Atmospheres containing acetylene Gas or liquid hydrocarbons
Group B Category B
Atmospheres containing butadiene, ethylene, oxide, Liquid hydrocarbons having a flash point < 55°C
hydrogen, propylene oxide, manufactured gases
containing more than 30% hydrogen (by volume)
Group C Category C
Atmospheres containing acetaldehyde, cyclopropane, Liquid hydrocarbons having a flash point between
diethyl ether, ethylene, isoprene, UDMH1, 1-dimethyl 500 and 100°C.
hydrazine. C.1. Liquids at a temperature equal or above their
flash point.
C.2. Liquids at temperature below their flash point.
Group D Category D
Atmospheres containing acetone, acrylonitrile, Liquid hydrocarbons having a flash point 100°C
Ammonia, Benzene, Butane, 1-Butanol (Butyl alcohol), D.1. Liquids at a temperature equal or above their
2-Butanol ( secondary butyl alcohol), n-buty acetate, flash point.
isobutyl acetate, ethane, ethylene dichloride, gasoline, D.2. Liquids at a temperature below their flash point.
heptanes, hexanes, methane (natural gas), methanol
(methyl alcohol), 3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol),
methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-methyl-1-
propanol (isobutyl alcohol), 2-methyl-2-propanol (tertiary
butyl alcohol), petroleum naphta, octanes, pentanes, 1-
pentanol (amyl alcohol), propane, 1-propanol (propyl
alchohol), 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), propylene,
styrene, toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, xylenes.
The area around a Well Head is a Class I Division 2 (or type 2 zone) within a radius of :
- 15 m (45 ft) on-shore
- 10 m (30 ft) off-shore
CAUTION : The same area becomes a Class I Division 1/or type 1 zone in case of an eruptive well and in
case of intervention of a service unit on the Well Head.
The area around a Separator is a Class I Division 2 (Or type 2 zone) within a radius of :
CAUTION : The area around the rupture disc pipe is a Class I Division 1 (Or type 1 zone) within a radius of 5
m (15 ft) and a Class I Division 2 (or type 2 zone) within a radius of 10 m (30 ft).
The area around a Gauge Tank is a Class I Division 1 (or type 1 zone) within a radius of :
In both cases, there is a Class I Division 1 ( or type 1 zone) 3 m (15 ft) above the roof.
The outlets of Flares, Safety Valves, Vents…etc. are classified as Class I Division 1 (or type 1 zone) within a
radius of 5 m (15 ft) and as Class I Division 2 (or type 2 zone) within a radius of 10 m (30 ft).
Gas fired heaters shall never be installed in classified areas.
Page :1-38
Open fires shall never be used in classified areas. Are considered as « Open fires » all systems producing or
able to produce flames or sparks in open air or having surfaces susceptible to raise at high temperature,
especially :
- Oven, Boilers, Flares,

- Heating or lighting systems,
- Welding plants,
- Thermic engines except the one listed hereafter,
- Non intrunsically safe electric devices or lines, or electric materials not in conformity with the
« explosive environment » type…etc.,
- Living quarters where there are ovens or permission to smoke.
Gasoline engine are not allowed in classified zones.
Diesel engines are allowed in classified area if they are fitted with automatic shut-down devices acting on the
intake and exhaust (overspeeding), spark arrestors, exhaust pipe orifices out of zone 1, inertia starters or
special electric starters.
1.2.5 Effect of H2S on the Equipment.
Hydrogen atoms (nascent state) are adsorbed in-between the grains of metal and fragilize it, (Hydrogen
embrittlement or sulfide stress cracking). This has nothing to do with corrosion. It is almost independent of
the percentage of H2S, it is extremely rapid, a few minutes under high stress, slower under low stress, and is
aggravated by the stress itself, finally it is reversible : when aerated, material loses its brittleness after a while.
Specification to modify H2S equipment if necessary must be requested from EQT Department.
Definition of H2S Service.

Two cases have to be considered to determine if an environment is H2S proof or not :
• Gas system only

Below 65 psia of total pressure : no H2S requirements.*
Above 65 psia ? Pressure (psia) x H2S content (PPM) < 50000
• Oil + Gas system
The « 50000 » rules applies except if :

Total pressure is below 265 psia AND
Total pressure of gas is below 10 psia AND
Percentage H2S in the gas is below 15%.
In this zone, no H2S requirements.
Generally, the « 50000 » rule applies everywhere upstream of the tanks, and this giving very
low H2S contents (50 PPM at 1000 psi) , it can be said that as soon as the presence of H2S is
suspected, everything upstream of the tank should be H2S proof.
Practically only H2S rated equipment is to be used down the WT line.
Basic rules :
ANY EQUIPMENT WICH CANNOT BE POSITIVELY IDENTIFIED AS H2S PROOF , MUST BE

CONSIDERED AS NON H2S PROOF.
Page :1-39
ANY EQUIPMENT ON WHICH ANY WELDING OPERATION HAS BEEN PERFORMED

OUTSIDE OF THE PROPERLY EQUIPED AND QUALIFIED SHOP IS NOT H2S RATED ANY
MORE.
ANY INSTALLATION ON WHICH ONE COMPONENT HAS BEEN TAMPERED WITH, IS

NOT H2S RATED ANY MORE.
ANY EQUIPMENT ON WHICH MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE SHOULD HAVE THE
H2S IDENTIDFACTION REMOVED.
ANY PIPING HAVING THREADED WECO CONNECTIONS IS CERTAINLY NOT H2S

PROOF. ALL SUCH H2S EQUIPMENT ARE WELDED TOGETHER.
* Total Pressure is read be Pressure Gauge, i.e. pressure of all components together, in opposition to partial
pressure which is the pressure of each components.
Pratical Hints :
If H2S is suspected or expected :

- Pilot Circuits of Well Head Separators….shall NEVER be supplied with separator gas. Only rig air
pressure or a special air compressor (with air intake located outside the danger area) has to be used.
Nitrogen or propane bottles if available can also be used.
- Heaters also shall never be fired separator gas if H2S concentration is 120000 PPM. In this case only,
diesel oil burners must be used.
- Oil Flow Metering with Gauge tank is PROHIBITED. Should customer insists, a Surge Tank must be
used and separate low pressure flare be laid.
- Avoid using « SPITFIRE » Burners for H2S tests since their back pressure is far higher, for a given rate,
than for a « SEADRAGON ».
- Liquid inhibitors like :
PETROLITE Kontol 100,
PECHINEY No-rust PA 23, etc..,
3
Can be injected in the Flow Head at a rate of 20 liters/million m of gas.
- Grease Chicksans with PETROLITE Kontol 147.

- A communication network (e.g. talkie-walkie) between all crew is recommended.
- Pressure testing : when testing effluent with H2S, pressure testing is a must and no leak must be
tolerated.
- In case of H2S, do not use Kimray gravimeter, but a Ranarex with vent connected to a safe area.
Page :1-40
2. Emergency Shut Down Specific Rules.

2.1 Personnel Safety
Emergency Shut-Down must be operated by competent operators only.
2.2 Equipment Safety

Because it improves safety, using an ESD system is recommended for all well test operations.
When the well head pressure exceeds 5,000 psi or whenever H2S is present, an ESD must be
used.
A minimum of two remote control stations shall be set up: one at the separator and one in an
area away from all pressurized equipment. These control stations are necessary to ensure the
well can be controlled from more than one place.
Be sure to open the air vessel inlet valve to ensure that the ESD is operational, even in the
event of air supply failure. Energy stored in the vessel supplies enough air for about 10
closures.
Page :1-41
3. Flowheads Specific Rules.

A Flowhead is a safety device. As such, they must be maintained in perfect condition and
operated by competent people.
Only Schlumberger employees are allowed to operate Flowhead controls.
Perfect collaboration with the Tool Pusher or Client Representative and strict observance of
the rig shut-in procedures must be observed.
Operating Flowhead requires often acrobatic manipulations far above the rig floor : wearing
SAFETY HARNESS is a must.
Assembling and disassembling Flowheads must be effected by competent specialists.

Pressurized fluids, strong spring forces can be released during these operations.
Use only special tools and make sure hoisting facilities are available to handle sub-
assemblies.
While lifting Flowhead to the floor, make sure that lifting ropes, shackles… are in perfect
condition.
Do not lift the Flowhead by the eye bolts that are fitted to some Flowheads. The eye bolts are
not designed to support the weight of the Flowhead.

Only Schlumberger employees are allowed to operate Flowhead controls.
During testing, numerous hydraulic hoses overcrowd the rig floor. Make sure the Flowhead
control hoses are neatly laid down, located, and well marked.
Do not use steel hammers to tighten wing union connections. Brass or copper hammers must
be used to prevent sparks. The brass or copper hammer must be in good condition to avoid
injuries from metal chips that can break off of these hammers.
Always open a well slowly using the master valve to avoid the shock from a large pressure
kick which can occur due to the difference in pressure between the atmosphere and the well.
For all types of gate valves, count the number of turns to open and close each valve, then
back up the valves one-quarter turn to make it easier to open and close valves and to prevent
sticking.
For wireline jobs, make sure that the wireline string is totally inside the lubricator before
closing the swab or the master valve. If these valves are closed on the wireline string, they
could be damaged or cause damage to other equipment.
Make sure there are always enough piping lengths on the wing valves to manipulate the tool
string and to compensate for up and down movement (heave) of the offshore rig so the
Flowhead is never submitted to lateral forces. On offshore rigs, the string is fixed but the rig
will heave. Sufficient piping must be used between the Flowhead and the choke manifold
(flowline) and between the Flowhead and the pump (kill line) to compensate for this
movement.
After every job, the Flowhead must be cleaned thoroughly to prevent corrosion from well
fluids.
Page :1-42
To determine if a connection is backing off, all connections on the Flowhead are marked with
chalk or paint to easily recognize if a connection has loosened.
Always remove all valve handles from the Flowhead after opening or closing them to prevent
handles from falling onto the rig floor as the Flowhead is manipulated.
Do not jam valves in closed position. This does improve the seal.
Never used levers or cheaters to actuate valves.
Equalize pressure before opening valves. Note that Flowhead has the unique feature of
automatic equalization before opening.
Make sure that marking indicating the open/close position are in perfect shape and at the
sight of the operator.
For all jobs at pressure higher than 5000 psi, the Flow line must be fitted with a Surface
Safety Valve (SSV) directly connected to the Flowhead and operated by pilots (preferably Hi-
Lo) located on each pressure section. At least one Hi-Lo pilot must be located on the
Separator Section.
In all cases, the Flow Line Valve of the Flowhead must be operated by an Emergency Shut-
down Device (ESD).
In case of sour gas tests or whenever expected Well Head Pressure is higher than 5000 psi,
one ESD station must be set-up at the separator.
Page :1-43
4. Surface Safety Valves Specific Rules.

Only Schlumberger employees are allowed to operate surface safety valve controls.

N/A
Page :1-44
5. Sand Equipments Specific Rules.

Two main safety hazards, erosion and high pressure automatically exist on any job requiring
Sandfilters.
Erosion:
Erosion is caused by the presence of solids combined with high fluid velocity. It occurs in
Pipework, in zones of diameter restriction such as choke manifolds, in elbows and in ones of
turbulence. Erosion may cause a piece of pipe to be cut open in a matter of minutes and bring
damage beyond repair to a whole piping network.
Velocity in Pipework is directly related to the estimated flowrates. In short term exploration
testing, it is permitted to exceed the API 14 E recommendation on flow for permanent
installation Pipework.
Velocity may exceed these recommendations by a factor of two during an exploration test
lasting a few hours provided that no sand production is established. However, in case of sand
production, it is essential to abide by the API limits, i.e. :
• 80 feet/second in gas lines.

• 15 feet/second in oil lines.
Prevention consists in limiting both the fluid velocity and the quantity of solids present :
Use a high pressure “ Sandfilters ” between Flowhead and choke-manifold in order to remove
a maximum of sand grains upstream of choke manifolds.
Increase where possible ID of the flowlines.

Caution! Equipment under pressure.
The risk of (high) pressure lies in the uncontrolled release of the energy. (The energy of 100
bar in a 20 liters bottle is equivalent to the energy released of 250 gr. TNT).
Extreme care should be taken when opening vessels, flowlines etc. to avoid any sudden
release of pressure.
Specially when solids are expected, one should be aware of trapped pressures !.
There is no such thing as a “ROUTINE” Sand Filter Job.
Page :1-45
6. Data Headers Specific Rules.

The following is a list of key safety considerations for piping:
Caution! Equipment under pressure.
Data Headers must be operated by competent operators only.
Never try to loosen or tighten connections under pressure.

The following is a list of key safety considerations for piping:
When high flow rates are expected, firmly anchor the flow lines to the rig structure or to
the ground.
Hoses must be attached to heavy pieces of equipment because they can swing under
pressure.
Do not use steel hammers to tighten wing union connections. Brass or copper hammers
must be used to prevent sparks. They must be in good working condition to avoid
injuries from metal chips that can break off of these hammers.
After every job, the piping must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent corrosion from well
fluids.
Before storage, the piping connections must be greased and covered with greased
adhesive tape.
Rigid piping must be repainted when necessary to prevent rust corrosion.
Thickness measurements on rigid and articulated piping will help to detect corrosion
and erosion and to avoid failures resulting from these problems.
In desert locations, do not put grease on the threads. The sand sticks to the grease and
prevents proper connections.
Each individual piece of piping must be labelled with its working pressure and service
type stamped on a permanently attached metal band.
Piping falls under the scope of the Schlumberger Pressure Operations Manual.
Page :1-46
7. Choke Manifolds Specific Rules.

Floor Choke Manifold must be operated by competent operators only.
Perfect understanding and communications with client is a must.
Make sure that pressure and/or pilot outlets are fitted with correct plugs, nipples or valve.
In case of operation with adjustable choke, once the choke is set at the desired opening,
remove operating handwheel.
Beware of trapped pressure--pressure can kill. Always bleed off pressure using the bleed off
port before changing a choke.
Stay upwind when taking fluid samples and wear safety goggles to prevent injury. Fluid can
contain dangerous effluents, such as H2S acid.

The Floor Choke Manifold must be chosen to withstand the maximum Well Head shut-in
pressure.
When diverting flow, always open one valve before closing another. This practice prevents
flow interruption and pressure buildup upstream of the valves.
Never flow through the manifold if the chokes are not in place. Corrosive fluids and/or sand
particles can erode the threads in the choke boxes.
Do not use the adjustable choke to stop the flow, you can break the stem tip.
Always count the number of turns to open and close each valve, then back up the valves one-
quarter turn to make it easier to open and close valves and to prevent sticking.
Do not use steel hammers to tighten Weco connections. Brass or copper hammers must be
used to prevent sparks. These hammers must be in good condition to avoid injuries from
brass or copper chips that can break off during use.
Never use Manifold Gate Valves as chokes.
For simplicity and safety sake use only 10000 psi – H2S rated fittings, connections and
valves, whatever the working pressure.
This leads to simplification in the storage of parts, cost reduction of stock and may avoid fatal
accident in case of misuse of these items..
Check also thermowells for perfect threads and seal.
Cleaning up a well shall never be perform thru the Floor Choke Manifold. Use the Kill Line of
the Flow Head or by-pass the Manifold (late types of Floor Choke Manifold are equipped with
a by-pass line)
Make sure that enough Chicksan or Coflexip connections are available between the Flowhead
and the Floor Choke Manifold. Firmly anchor the Manifold on the rig structure.
Do not use cheaters to open or close the valves.
Page :1-47
Adjustable Choke shall be used for a short period of time only : It is needed whenever
changing the fixed choke has become necessary, and only for the duration of changing the
fixed choke and bringing the well to a new flow rate.
It is recommended to install a Hi-Lo Pilot actuating the Flowhead SSV on the pressure side
of the manifold.
In case of H2S test, a Lo pilot on the low pressure side of the manifold is a minimum
requirement.
After job, wash thoroughly the Manifold with diesel oil, dry with compressed air.
For long period of storage, close all Manifold Gate Valves. Leave Choke Bean in choke box.
Page :1-48
8. Steam Exchangers Specific Rules.

The SCHLUMBERGER Steam exchanger must be operated by competent operators
A perfect understanding of the functioning of the different circuits is a prerequisite to a

successful and safe.
Do not touch the steam vessel with bare hands when the steam exchanger working.
H2S monitors and personnel protective equipments must be available whenever H2S is
present.

Check that the inlet and outlet valves of the coil are open and that the by-pass valve is closed
before starting to heat up the steam exchanger.
After the job, flush the coils thoroughly with soft water and fill them with corrosion inhibitor
before storage.
Never flow the well through the coils if a choke is not installed. Sand particles or corrosive
fluids can erode the threads in the choke box.
Do not used the adjustable choke to stop the flow, you can break the stem tip.
Do not use the gate valves on the steam exchanger as chokes.
Do not transport the steam exchanger when it is full of condensate water. The frame cannot
support this extra weight.
Before starting the steam exchanger, verify that the inlet and outlet valves of the coils are
open. If the coils are filled with liquid and the valves closed the thermal expansion that results
can generate enough pressure to burst the coils.
In case of operation with adjustable choke, once the choke is set at the desired opening,
remove operating handwheel or secure the choke with the stem lock.
In case of gas wells and if sand production is expected, use a Sand Trap (refer to FOH IV
“Sand Measurements”).
Do not use steel hammer to tighten connection. Brass is must.
Count the number of turns to open or close the valves. Do not jam valves in closed position.
This does not improve the seal.
Do not use cheaters to open or close the valves.
For long period of storage, close all manifold gate valves.
Page :1-49
9. Indirect Heaters Specific Rules.

Never walk behind the flame arrestor while heater is ignited or in operation.
Clear the heater area (at least 5 m or 15 ft) from any personnel.
A perfect understanding of the diesel, propane, and air circuits is a prerequisite to a

successful and safe job.
Before starting or restarting the indirect heater, sweep out the firetube with fresh compressed
air. In the event that gas or diesel vapours are present, this practice can avoid an accidental
explosion.
Do not touch the water vessel with bare hands when the indirect heater is working.

Check visually the « klingerite » seal between cone and flame arrestor.
Check that the metallic braid of the Lodge cable and the body of heater are both grounded to
earth.
Check that the inlet and outlet valves of the coil are open and that the by-pass valve is closed
before starting to heat up the heater.
To stop burning, close imperatively the gas inlet manual valve or stop diesel-pumping unit.
In case of accidental extinction also close first the gas inlet manual valve or stop diesel oil
pumping unit and proceed to next step.
Verify that the spark arrestor is installed on the chimney.
After the job, flush the coils thoroughly with soft water and fill them with corrosion inhibitor
before storage.
Never flow the well through the coils if a choke is not installed. Sand particles or corrosive
fluids can erode the threads in the choke box.
Do not used the adjustable choke to stop the flow, you can break the stem tip.
Do not use the gate valves on the indirect heater as chokes.
Do not transport the indirect heater when it is full of water. The frame cannot support this
extra weight.
Before starting the indirect heater, verify that the inlet and the outlet valves of the coils are
open. If the coils are filled with liquid and the valves closed the thermal expansion that results
can generate enough pressure to burst the coils.
Page :1-50
10. Separators Specific Rules.

The equipment used in well testing operates at high pressure with inflammable fluids.
It is essential that this equipment be handled by competent operators in accordance with
standard practice and safety regulations.
Check the validity of the official test of the separator tank (Less than 5 years ago) before
starting operation.
Check that the sight glasses have been tested less than 1 year ago.
Check rupture disk rating.
Check calibration of safety valve has been performed less than 3 months ago.
Use the right number of skilled people.
In case of H2S production, it is forbidden to use separator gas supply the pilot circuit of the
separator.
This is because leaks.

• Occur occasionally at the flapper-nozzle systems or pressure chambers vented to
atmosphere in the level controllers, wizard, shrinkage testers, etc..
• May occur accidentally in the pilot circuit lines due the mechanical defects, unexpected
corrosion, etc..
If H2S is expected or suspected, wearing protective masks during the whole operation is a
must especially while performing surface sampling, changing Daniel orifices, operating the
shrinkage tester, resetting operative limits of the separator.
The operator must steadily be watched by someone of the Schlumberger or rig crew ready to
take emergency action in case of any unusual behavior of the separator.
A M.S.A. reanimation kit must be available on the site. Schlumberger and rig crew must be
trained on M.S.A. kit operation.
In all cases, it is recommended to supply separator controls with compressor air.

Use of over clean gases (Separator sweet gas, propane or even nitrogen) is allowed but only
if there is no compressed air supply available.
In case of using separator sweet gas or propane, the separator must be grounded to the rig
structure via a cable having a minimum section of 1 sq.cm (0.15 sq.in) and welded or
screwed to a spot free of paints.
On land, the ground should be an iron stake, at least 1 m long (3 ft) driven into the earth and
watered regularly (once a day).
Page :1-51

Only H2S rated equipment must be used even for testing sweet producers.
This is especially true for all small items such as needle valve, plug, thermowells, etc.
The pressure safety valve escapes to a pipe connected to the gas outlet of the separator.
Back pressure to the safety valve outlet is impeded by no-return swing valve.
It is essential before starting a test to make sure that this swing valve is perfectly tight
otherwise proper operation of the pressure safety valve will be jeopardized.
In case of malfunction of the pressure safety valve, a rupture disc insures additional safety.
Many clients require the outlet of the rupture disc to be connected to a breather tube landing
far away from the site.
In such event, it is imperative that this pipe a minimum OD of 4" and a radius of minimum 1
m.
It is suggested to connect this pipe, not to the flange of the rupture disc but to cause the
rupture disc holder into cylindrical body connected to the breather pipe and resting on the
separator frame.
It is also suggested to fill up the annulus rupture disc holder-breather pipe with loose steel or
mineral wool to act as a spark arrestor.
Make sure the lifting eyes of the separator frame are in perfect shape and show of corrosion
or damage especially at the welding.
Whenever H2S is expected or suspected a low-pilot and an emergency Shut-down Station

must be installed near the separator.
Remove floats of liquid levels and Barton gas flow recorder during transportation.
Do not pressure test separator with Daniel orifice installed.
Never start-up separator with Daniel Orifice in Place.
Check before testing that gas oil and water valves are closed.
Never clean-up a well through the separator.
Page :1-52
11. Surge Tanks Specific Rules.

Whenever H2S is expected to be in the well effluent, a surge tank must be used instead of a
gauge tank.
Before diverting the separator oil to the surge tank, you must check the ability of the gas vent
line to discharge the full volume of gas liberated without creating a back pressure greater
than the maximum pressure rating of the vessel.
Refer to the charts in the Tank Operations chapter of the Field Operating Handbook (FOH)
for Surface Well Testing.
When diverting the oil to the tank, always limit the flow rate to avoid filling the tank too
rapidly. In case of high flow rates, someone should constantly monitor liquid levels and be
ready to divert flow back to the burners to prevent overflow.
Transport the surge tank when it is empty ; even a partially full tank has a much higher
weight than an empty tank.
The exhaust for the safety relief valve must be connected to a 4 in. Pipe landing that must be
located downstream and far away from the working area.
Prior to conducting any repair inside the tank, it must be steam cleaned and degassed (at
least for ½ hour). The person repairing the tank must be in constant contact with a person on
the outside of the tank.
All necessary precautions (measurements with explosimeter, gas detectors.... etc.) must be
taken before entering the tank.
The wearing of a breathing apparatus is a must during all the cleaning operation.
Repairs in the inside of the tanks, must be conducted after having stickled to the rules.
Moreover, the inside of the tank must be continuously

3
ventilated with fresh air at a rate of not less than 5 m /
minutes.
Rising the Tank with water can never serve as substitute for
steam degassing.
Climb Safely.
Recommendations to climb the scales, use:
• Safety Glasses,
• Gloves,
• Safety Hat,
• Safety Shoes,
• Safety Harness.
Page :1-53

Grounding Strap.
The surge tank has to be grounded with a grounding strap, allowing static electricity to be
discharged, so flashes can be avoided.
The build up of static charges of electricity may be caused by the friction from flowing fluids.
On-Shore, the strap has to be connected to an iron stake driven into the ground.
Off-Shore, it has to be connected to a spot on the rig that’s free of paint or grease.
Lifting and transportation of tank shall only be started with the tank EMPTY.
The two compartment surge tank is provided with nitrogen pressurizing system which allows
inside pressure to remain at about 50 psi. Make sure before starting test that the two
Nitrogen Bottles are full.
Page :1-54
12. Gauge Tanks Specific Rules.

Transport the gauge tank when it's empty; even a partially full tank has a much higher weight
than an empty tank.
Do not lift the gauge tank by the top eyes, the stress on the tank walls will destroy the roof
safety seam. To lift the tank, use the anchor shoes on the skid that are designed for this
purpose.

The following is a list of key safety considerations for gauge tanks:
The gauge tank is never used when H2S is expected to be in the well effluent. The gas from
the gauge tank is vented to the atmosphere, so any H2S in the gas could endanger
personnel.
Before diverting the separator oil to the gauge tank, you must check the ability of the gas
vent lines to discharge the full volume of gas liberated when the pressure drops from
separator to atmospheric pressure. Refer to the charts in the Tank Operations chapter of the
Field Operating Handbook (FOH) for Surface Well Testing.
When using the gauging ports, check the gas vent lines to make sure a significant amount of
gas is not being vented. If a significant amount of gas is being vented, measure the liquid
levels later or wear a protective mask. When measuring liquid levels through gauging ports,
it's always a good practice to wear a mask.
When diverting the oil to the tank, always limit the flow rate to avoid filling the tank too
rapidly. In case of high flow rates, someone should constantly monitor liquid levels and be
ready to divert the flow back to the burners to prevent overflow.
Prior to conducting any repair inside of the tank, it must be properly steam cleaned and
degassed. The person repairing the tank must be in constant contact with a person on the
outside of the tank.
Page :1-55
13. Oil & Gas Manifolds Specific Rules.

Manifold must be operated by experienced personnel only.
It is recommended to tag all valves to avoid operating errors.

The following is a list of key safety considerations for oil and gas manifolds:
All valves should be labeled to indicate flow paths (e.g., from separator to starboard
burner) to avoid diverting the flow in the wrong direction.
When diverting flow, always open one valve before closing another. This practice
prevents flow interruption and pressure buildup upstream of the valves.
Use the handles provided with the manifolds to open and close the ball valves.
To avoid damaging the ball valve, when opening or closing these valves do not use
cheaters.
Page :1-56
14. Pumps Specific Rules.

The following is a list of some general safety considerations to observe when using transfer
pumps. Its important to be aware that each type of pump has its own specific safety points.
Pumps must only be operated by experienced personnel.
To prevent electrical shocks, the electrical starting box should always be closed when
switching the pump on or off.
Electric pumps must be correctly grounded.
Electric cables, plugs, and sockets must be in good condition.
NEVER switch ON or OFF electrically driven pump with starting box open.
Because electric pumps require a lot of power, the power supply to the pump must be
equipped with a circuit breaker.
Rotate the pump shaft by hand to ensure it turns freely.
If the operating voltage of the pump is changed, verify that the pump is rotating in the right
direction.
When the pump is rotating, never try make any adjustments or repair; turn off the pump first.
When starting the pump, make sure it turns in the correct direction. The correct direction is
usually indicated by an arrow stamped on the pump.
Pumps in operation must be considered with respect. Never try to adjust them or remedy to
operating defaults while they rotate.

Verify that the suction valve is open before starting the pump. Running the pump without fluid
will destroy the pump.
NEVER start a pump with inlet or pump supply (from the tank) CLOSED.
To ensure that the suction is flooded at all times, set the tank supplying the pump at
sufficient elevation above the inlet of the pump.
Use pressure gauges mounted on suction and discharge lines to quickly verify that the pump
is working properly.
Right after starting the pump, bleed off the air or vapors that could be trapped in the pump.
If the pump does not deliver fluid at the discharge port within 30 seconds, stop the pump and
verify step-by-step the recommended starting procedure.
Investigate suction line for leaks or check suction line is immersed enough in the liquid to be
pumped.
Check that suction line has a diameter big enough to afford pump flow rate.
Check that the liquid to be pumped is not vaporizing in the suction line.
Page :1-57
Verify that the suction and discharge pressures are within the pressure range specified by
the manufacturer. Don't apply pressure that's higher than that required for efficient operation.
It is recommended to tag all valves to avoid operating errors.
NEVER start pump in dry state. This should lead to overheating of metallic rotor and rubber
stator, resulting in seizing the pump.
It is thus necessary :
Prior to start-up a new pump or before replacing in service a pump which has been
dismantled or drained, to fill it with water (or with the liquid to be pumped) and to
rotate it by hand several turns in the direction of the arrow so as to fill the pump on
each side of the stator.
To ensure by a brief start-up, that the pump effectively rotates in the direction of the
arrow stamped on the bearing support.
To change the direction of the motor's rotation if necessary, and in this case, to refill
the pump with liquid to replace that which was drained during the few rotations in the
wrong direction.
When stopped, the pump should remain filled with liquid, the piping should thus be
adequate to ensure this.
Occasionally, on the initial start-up of a pump, some difficulty may be encountered -

this may be due to too tight a stuffing-Box, in this case, loosen this last.
Make sure electric driven pump rotate in the right direction, especially if it has been
necessary to change operating voltage.
In this case, make also sure that the switching coil has the correct voltage.
Page :1-58
15. Booms Specific Rules.

The following is a list of key safety considerations for burners and booms:
Obtain a rig work permit before performing maintenance or starting burning operations
on the rig.
Advise the customer before you start burning to ensure that no other activity on the rig
will conflict with burning operations.
Do not light the burner if a helicopter is approaching the platform.
The burners are very sensitive to the direction of the wind. Check for wind direction,
steadiness, and strength.
A crew of firemen must be ready at all times during the burning operation.
When working on the burner boom, always wear a life vest.
When somebody goes out on the burner boom, the stand-by boat, the barge master,
and one testing crew member must be informed.
Securing yourself with a safety line to the boom structure is a personal decision. If the
boom falls, being attached to it may be a safety disadvantage.
Do not go out on the boom while burning is in progress.
The recommended procedures for installing booms must be strictly observed. They are
detailed in the Field Operating Handbook (FOH) for Surface Well Testing

on the rig.
detailed in the Field Operating Handbook (FOH) for Surface Well Testing
Protect propane bottles and diesel drums from heat radiation by shielding them behind
a rig structure or covering them with wet rags.
To help control excessive heat radiation, ensure the sprinkler system for the rig or
around the booms is working.
Page :1-59
16. Burners Specific Rules.

on the rig.
A crew of firemen must be ready at all times during the burning operation.
When working on the burner boom, always wear a life vest.
When somebody goes out on the burner boom, the stand-by boat, the barge master,
and one testing crew member must be informed.
Securing yourself with a safety line to the boom structure is a personal decision. If the
boom falls, being attached to it may be a safety disadvantage.
Do not go out on the boom while burning is in progress.
Protect propane bottles and diesel drums from heat radiation by shielding them behind
a rig structure or covering them with wet rags.
To help control excessive heat radiation, ensure the sprinkler system for the rig or
around the booms is working.
detailed in the Field Operating Handbook (FOH) for Surface
Follow the rigs work permit system. In general that means to obtain following permits from
the OIM
Hot work permit.
Over the side work permit.
Wear life vest when working on burner boom.
Confirm position and readiness of stand-by boat before going out on burner boom.
One watch post has to be positioned on the rig structure as long as somebody is
working at the burner boom.
The watch post has to be in communication with the rig control room and the
standby-boat via radio and within shouting distance to the person working at the
burner boom.
Securing to the boom structure is everybody's own personal decision.
There is a possibility that a boom falls down in which case securing to the boom
structure is a disadvantage for your own safety.
Page :1-60
Observe wind direction before starting flaring operations but also during the flaring
operation.
Do not go out on boom while burning.
Ensure that all burner valves are open prior to initial opening of the well.
No nylon garments, working gloves, goggles.
Never try to extinguish burning oil with water.
Before starting a burning operation, every line, including connections, has to be pressure
tested :
Pressure tests of the burner only have been carried out at the factory with water-corrosion
inhibitor mixture at the following pressures :
• Oil Circuit 100 bars (or 1440 psi)

• Air Circuit 100 bars (or 1440 psi)
• Water Circuit 25 bars (or 360 psi)
Ensure that all burner valves are open prior to initial opening of the well.
Remove all pressure testing plugs from atomizers after pressure testing sequence.
Ensure sprinkler system around burner booms is operational to avoid excessive heat
radiation.
Page :2-1
Chapter 2- General Description and Specification
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 2
Page
General Description and Specification 2
1. Purpose of Surface testing ........................................................................................ 2
2. General Description and Specification ..................................................................... 3
Page :2-2
Chapter 2
General Description and Specification
1. Purpose of Surface testing
Introduction
In order to accurately test a reservoir, tests must be run at the surface and Downhole. This training page
describes the dynamic conditions under which well tests must be performed, lists the surface testing
equipment used to perform well tests, summarizes how this equipment is used to collect samples at the
surface and lists several considerations that influence the layout of surface equipment.
Testing a Reservoir under Dynamic Conditions
A reservoir test can only be performed under dynamic conditions. This means the reservoir must be exposed
to a disturbance which will cause the reservoir pressure to change. This pressure change, when recorded
and interpreted along with the measured flowrates, will yield information about well and reservoir parameters
and geometry.
Creating a Pressure Disturbance
How a pressure disturbance is created depends on whether the reservoir is producing or shut down:
• If the well has been shut for a long time, the best way to create a pressure disturbance is to flow the
reservoir; this is called a drawdown.
• If the well has been flowing for a long time, a pressure disturbance can be creating by shutting the well;
this is called a buildup. A pressure disturbance can also be created in a flowing well by either increasing
or decreasing the flowrate.
Surface Testing Equipment
In reservoir engineering, a period in which the well experiences changes in pressure is known as a pressure
transient. At the surface, the fluids produced during pressure transients must be handled using temporary
equipment. This is true because, in most cases, permanent production facilities have not yet been installed.
The temporary surface testing equipment must safely and reliably perform a wide range of functions:
• Quickly control pressure and flowrates at the surface and shut the well.
• Separate the resulting effluent into three separate fluids (oil, gas and water) and accurately meter these
fluids.
• Collect surface samples.
• Dispose of the resulting fluids in an environmentally safe manner.
The following is a list of surface testing equipment:
• Flowhead
• Choke manifold
• Emergency shut down (ESD) system
• Heat exchanger
• Separator
• Tanks
• Transfer pumps
• Oil and gas manifolds
• Burners and booms
• Piping
Page :2-3
2. General Description and Specification
The surface equipment and the layout of the surface equipment needed to perform well tests differs
considerably depending on the type of environment, well conditions, and the client requirements.
The following figure shows a typical offshore layout of surface testing equipment.
TANK
TER
PUMP SEPARATOR WA
OIL BURNER
HEATER
GAS FLARE
OIL
OIL S
MANIFOLD GA
NT
BOOM FLUE
EF
ESD
CHOKE
GAS MANIFOLD
MANIFOLD
VALVE
FLOWHEAD
EFFLUENT
These are some of the considerations that dictate how surface equipment should be set up:
Location:
• Land operation
• Offshore operation
Well conditions:
• High flowrate and high pressure

• Effluent properties (oil properties and hydrate formation)
• Sand production
• Corrosive fluids (H2S, CO2, acid)
Page :3-1
SFDP-SFU SAND FILTER SRPC M. Manual
Chapter 3- Theory of Operation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 3
Page
Theory of Operation........................................................................................................... 2
1. General Overview........................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Results. ..................................................................................................................... 2
2. Principles of Operation .............................................................................................. 3
2.1 Useful hints. .............................................................................................................. 3
3. Operating Instruction ................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Wall Thickness. ......................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Bleed off System. ...................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Handling Gate Valves................................................................................................ 4
3.4 Draining Filters (if equipped with adj. Chokebox) ...................................................... 4
3.5 Delta P measurement. .............................................................................................. 4
Page :3-2
Chapter 3
Theory of Operation
1. General Overview
As the name implies, Sandfilters were designed to remove sand and / or solids from the fluids
produced from an oil gas well.
The filters have undergone several design modifications, from horizontal to vertical unit, from
meshwire screens to wirewrapped screens, from single to double units, etc..
The current model has two filterpots, each with a removable screen. Each filterpot can be drained,
to remove solids, without removing the screens. The frame can be extended to install a lifting
device, needed when a screen is removed from the filterpot.
Sandfilters have been used on clean-ups after frac-jobs, or after performating jobs for sand
consolidation tests (at which drawdown pressure does the formation starts to produce sand).
Sandfilter have been used on semi-permanent basis in a production plant.
1.1 Results.
The best results have been archived with inner filters of 100 to 500 mm or 200 to 250 mm.
1 mm = 1 E-6 m
200 mm = 0,2 mm
Use the 200 mm filters at the start-up of a clean-up and once the well has been cleaned-up
sufficiently, change to 100 mm filter.
The 200 mm filters should be adequate for post frac jobs where propant was used.
The 100 mm filters can handle about (max.) 1000 bbls/day.
If and when the drainage system of the filters is used properly, it is possible to drain 2 to 4 m 3 of
sand filter per 12 hours.
Clay, grease or gel may clough up the screens and in this case it is required to remove the
screens completely.
Removing solids smaller than 100 mm require a different approach. In this case sand-catchers are
needed or a dedicated clean-up line to the burners needs to be installed with a special choke box
mounted on the base of the burner boom.
Recommended Rig Up : The Sandfilters needs to be rigged up as close as possible to the

wellhead and flowlines need to be kept as straight as possible.
Page :3-3
2. Principles of Operation
2.1 Useful hints.
If a blindcap is installed at the bottom of the screen, never put an O’Ring at the bottom.
Never put any grease on the top cap of the filterpot.
This is a metal to metal seal reasy surfaces may contain or attract particles which eventually
damage the sealing surface.
Check every 4 hours the screen, by removing the screen from the filterpot.
Visually inspect internals of filterpot.
Every 6 hours measure wall thickness of the critical points in the set-up.
Only produce through one filter and have the other filter on stand-by.
Do not drain filters with more than 450 Psi (30 Bar) in filterpot.
If delta pressure suddenly drops it may indicate a damaged screen and immediately switch to the
stand-by filterpot.
Have enough O’Rings available.
Have spare screen on site.
Wash equipment with (fresh) water to avoid sand or propant settling in unwanted places.
Care should be taken when new wells are cleaned up and grease (pipedope) is produced as this
will completely clough up the screens and to use a high pressure steamcleaner to clean the
screen.
O’Ring to of Screen : < 190 / 7 mm

O’Ring bottom of Screen : < 170 /7 mm.
Page :3-4
3. Operating Instruction
3.1 Wall Thickness.
Prior to the start of the job, it is recommended to measure at critical points in the installation, the
wall thickness of the equipment, Pipework. This is the base information and during the flowperiods
measuring the wall thickness at regular intervals gives an indication if erosion takes place or not.
3.2 Bleed off System.

Bleed off system is required to :
• Avoid minimal damage while operating gate valves;
• Safely drop pressure;
• No noise (gaswells);
• No “gas clouds”, if vented to flare.
Bleeding off filterpot II :

• Close in filterpot (see handling gate valves);
• Close valves 1 and 3;
• Open 2,4 and 5.
Pressuring up filterpot II :
• Close valve 5;
• Open valves 1 and 3;
• Open filterpot (see handling gate valves).
3.3 Handling Gate Valves.

Opening up filterpot
• Pressure up filterpot, using bleed off system;
• Open inlet valve first;
• Open outlet valve.
Closing in filterpot
• Close out valve;
• Close inlet valve;
• Bleed off filterpot, using bleed off system.
3.4 Draining Filters (if equipped with adj. Chokebox)

To drain the filters, close in the filterpot, purge the filterpot to approximately 300 psig or 20 bar,
open 2” drainvalve at bottom of filterpot and open adj. Choke.
3.5 Delta P measurement.

In order to have an indication of the filterpots filled up, use a delta P measurement across the inlet
and outlet of the filterset.
Connect inlet and outlet pressure each to a pressure-sensor, a differential pressure gauge or a
Foxboro recorder.
In case the inlet pressure goes up and the outlet pressure goes down, this indicates the plugging
of the filter and filter should be drained.
Nota : Max. Delta P across filter is 1500 Psi (100 Bar).
Page :4-1
SFDP-A SAND FILTER DUAL POTS 200MM, 10K, -4 TO 250°F, H2S SRPC M075292
nd
Chapter 4- Circuit Description 2 Edition Nov. 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 4
Page
Circuit Description 2
Page :4-2
nd
Chapter 4- Circuit Description 2 Edition Nov. 2001
Chapter 4
Circuit Description
See Appendix D.
Page :5-1
nd
Chapter 5 - Components Drawings, Bill Of Material & Maintenance 2 Edition Nov. 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 5
Page
Components Drawings, Bill Of Material & Maintenance
Gate Valve Ass'y 3.1/16" 10K Magnum Manual F.E. P582447 A
Gate Valve 2.1/16” 10K Magnum Manual F.E. P778912 B
Adjustable Choke 2.1/16” 10K P782206 C
P582447
Gate Valve 3-1/16" 10K Magnum Manual F.E.
The two capital letters following each item part number and drawing number indicate
the modification status level of the present edition of that document.
Note that drawings are NOT TO SCALE !
Description Part # Drawing #
Gate Valve 3-1/16" 10K Magnum Manual F.E. P582447-AD DP582447-AA

Seal Ass’y 3" 10K Magnum P797792-AC DP797792-AB
Option:
Kit HT 320F 3" 10K FE P779483-AB

Magnum manual Gate Valve
Documentation for:
- W.O.M. Valve Body
- W.O.M. Manual Operator
- Magnaseal Plus Grease
file:///E|/CAT%20Concept/Clients/Schlumberger/Sophia/SFDP-A%20manual/p582447.htm
SRPC-EPS Bill of Materials P. 1

26, Rue de la Cavee Maintenance Manuals Report 08-MAR-2002 12:53:53
92140 CLAMART [DAROCHA]
P582447 AD
GATE VALVE 3"1/16 10K
MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.
Item Part # Rev Description Qty U/M Notes/Desig/Mfg. Numbers
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
Drawings (DESCRIBED_BY - Not exploded)
DP582447 AA GATE VALVE 3-1/16" 10K 0.00

MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.
Ref. Documents (REF_DOC)
EP485502 AA HYDROSTATIC TESTING 0.00

PROCEDURE FOR WOM EQUIP
EP582447 AA PURCHASING SPECIF.GATE V 0.00
ALVE 3.1/16"API10000 H2
Optional Equipment (OPTIONAL_EQUIP)
P779483 AB KIT, HT 350F, 3" 10K FE 1.00 EA

MAGNUM MANUEL GATE VALV
Spare Parts (SPARE_PARTS)
38 P797792 AC SEAL ASS'Y 3" 10K MAGNUM 1.00 EA
Manufacturers (MANUFACTURED_BY)
WOM-P AA WORLDWIDE OILFIELD MACH. 0.00 WM1800
Given database: SRPC

Given recspec: PART\P582447\AD
Given depth: 1
Given userid: DAROCHA
Explode refdocs? Yes
Produce SGML output? No
Start time: Fri Mar 8 12:53:44 2002

End time: Fri Mar 8 12:53:53 2002
Run time: 00:00:09
file:///E|/CAT%20Concept/Clients/Schlumberger/Sophia/SFDP-A%20manual/p582447.htm [10/03/2002 10:08:21]


P797792 AC SEAL ASS'Y 3" 10K MAGNUM

==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
DP797792 AB SEAL ASS'Y 3" 10K MAGNUM 0.00
WOM-P AA WORLDWIDE OILFIELD MACH. 0.00 WM-MGA3010-6

Given recspec: PART\P797792\AC
Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 12:56:30 2002
Run time: 00:00:07


P779483 AB
KIT, HT 350F, 3" 10K FE
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
EP779483 AA KIT, HT 320F, 3" 10K FE 0.00


Given recspec: PART\P779483\AB
Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 12:54:17 2002
Run time: 00:00:07

VALVE BODY ASSEMBLY
General operation & Instructions

Assembly Instructions
Preventive Maintenance & Lubrication
Troubleshooting & Routine Functional Testing
OPM-228 Page 1of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM GENERAL OPERATION & INSTRUCTIONS
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
Principle Of Operation:
The valve provides a thru-conduit seal, sealing both upstream & downstream.
This enables the valve to be installed in the line in any direction (bi-directional).
The valve provides a metal-to-metal seal between the gate and seat and a metal-to-
metal stem backseat.
The valve also incorporates a de-energizing mechanism by which body cavity
pressure continuously tries to equalize the line pressure in the bore. At zero line
pressure the valve holds approximately 150 to 300 psi in the body cavity. Before
opening the bonnet, precaution should be taken to bleed off the retained pressure in
the body cavity by using bleed off plug provided on bonnet or cycling the valve to
bleed the body cavity pressure to the line.
Operating Instructions:
1. Operate the valve as rapidly as possible. This eliminates the gates and seats
exposure to turbulence and excessive wear during the opening and closing
process. Thereby the service life of the valve is increased.
2. Gate valve should never be used to throttle line fluid. Throttling will result in
seat and gate damage.
3. Follow the recommended preventive maintenance and lubrication procedures to
achieve good performance and life.
Valve Testing:
The valve should be shell tested with gate in half open position.
OPM-228 Page 2of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
Assembly Instructions:
1. Install the Seat retainer backup ring and Seat retainer bottom seal in the Seat
retainer as shown in the figure below.
2. Install the two Seat seals along with the Seat backup ring in the Seat as shown
in the figure below.
3. Insert the Seat assembly into the Seat retainer.
4. Install the Seat retainer top seal in the body seat bore first.
5. Insert the Seat / Seat retainer assembly in the body seat bore as shown in the
figure below.
6. Follow the same procedure for the other side of the body seat bore.
7. Install the gate through the vertical bore of the body between the seat and seat
retainer assembly. Gently tap the gate using a mallet to get it in. Take care not
to damage the gate surfaces in the process.
8. Install the grease fitting in the body port (some of the bodies does not have one).
For Valve Mounted With Actuator:
Fail close: The gate should be assembled such that the solid gate enters the body first
and then the gate bore.
Fail open: The gate should be assembled such that the gate bore enters the body first
and then the solid gate portion.
SEAT SEAL
SEAT BACKUP RING
SEAT RETAINER BACKUP RING
SEAT RETAINER TOP SEAL

SEAT GATE
RETAINER
SEAT RETAINER BOTTOM SEAL
SEAT
OPM-228 Page 3of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM ASSEMBLY
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
BODY
GREASE FITTING
(OPTIONAL)
SEAL ASSEMBLY
GATE
BODY ASSEMBLY
OPM-228 Page 4of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM PREVENTIVE MAINTANANCE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
& LUBRICATION
VALVE BODY
General Instructions:
1. Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication is mainly a function of the following
factors:
• Type of fluid and "relative" cleanliness of fluid being handled
• "Relative" corrosion/erosion properties of line fluid
• Frequency of valve operation
• Line pressure during operation of the valve relative to its rating
Recommended Lubricant:
"Magnaseal" is the result of extensive testing and will maximize service life. Only
in emergencies, if Magnaseal is not available, a high viscosity all-purpose grease
can be used. In that case the lubrication frequency should be shortened to
compensate the limited characteristics of all-purpose grease. Magnaseal will
increase service life substantially. The lubricant in the magnum is only subjected to
washing and contamination during opening and closing cycles. In the full open or
full closed positions, body cavity lubricant is isolated from the flow stream.
Least hostile condition - an example situation:

If the valve were used in the run of a christmas tree on a well producing clean,
sweet, low-solids natural gas and the valve were operated once a day, lubrication
and flush-out schedules could be least frequent.
Most hostile condition - an example situation:

If, on the other hand, the valve were used in a choke and kill manifold handling
heavy, fine mesh, weighted mud with many additives and cycled several times in
day, lubrication and flush-out schedules could be more frequent.
OPM-228 Page 5of 11

GATE VALVE Rev. no.: 0
WOM PREVENTIVE MAINTANANCE Date : 10.9.00
& LUBRICATION
VALVE BODY
A general guide:
Many applications will fall somewhere between these two extremes. Only on-site
seasoned personnel and some trial and observation can determine the optimum
lubrication and flush-out schedules. Therefore, this document deals mainly with
the procedures recommended; frequency is a policy and practice decision of the
operations and maintenance personnel.
Body Cavity Lubrication:

1. The body can be lubricated with the valve in either the full open or full closed
position; fully open position is preferred. In the closed position the stem may
not be lubricated; when thoroughly lubricated the valve can be cycled to the
open position.
2. The valve can be in service during lubrication, shut down is not required.
Caution! There will be some trapped pressure in the body cavity (from the last
open/close cycling), which must be bled off. If the valve is handling H2S or
similar toxic materials, appropriate safety precautions and protective
equipment should be used. Consult your safety coordinator if unsure.
3. Follow this sequence:
A. Bleed off fitting may be an Autoclave plug or Allen head fitting. Loosen
bleed off fitting on OD of bonnet flange by turning counter-clockwise 2-3
full turns to vent trapped body pressure to zero. Do not remove this plug,
only loosen.
B. When body cavity is completely vented, remove the cap (only) of the body
greasing fitting. Do not remove the grease fitting body (a check valve inside
prevents pressure loss, but will accept grease input).
C. Connect grease gun to grease fitting in the body of the valve.
D. Pump lubricant into the valve body and allow old lubricant to vent
through the bonnet fitting.
OPM-228 Page 6of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
& LUBRICATION
VALVE BODY
4. If valve is used in service where much line contamination is present, it is

recommended that new grease replace old grease each time the body is
lubricated. Consult 'general lubrication policy and procedures' for your
particular application and installation.
5. Remove grease gun.
6. Replace cap on body grease fitting and tighten.
OPM-228 Page 7of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM TROUBLE SHOOTING
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
& ROUTINE FUNCTIONAL TESTING
VALVE BODY
Routine functional test of Gate/Seat Assembly:

This functional test is to be done only in shop. Maximum pressure at which this
test is performed is working pressure of the valve.
1. If undamaged, the valve will seal both upstream and downstream. The
condition of the gate/seats assembly can be checked by the following steps.
Caution: If the valve has been in H2S or similar toxic service, personal
hazard protection prevention measures should be observed.
2. With the valve in either the full open or full closed position, vent the body
cavity by loosening the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet. Make sure
that body pressure is completely vented.
3. Completely remove the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet.
4. Make up a test unit to check pressure in bleed off port. All components must
have a minimum rating equal to the valve working pressure.
5. Install the test unit in the bleed off fitting port on the bonnet.
6. Leave the valve in the open position. Apply working pressure in the bore.
7. If the pressure builds up in the test unit, as determined by the test unit gage,
damage has occurred to the seats and/or gate. See Trouble Shooting Procedure
for repair instructions.
9. If no pressure builds up within 5 minutes, you can be assured that your gate
and seat assembly is still in functional condition.
In the event of gate/seat leakage:

Excessive wear to the seats and/or gate may occur from rigorous usage and/or
improper preventive maintenance. The seats and gate for the gate valve can often
be repaired without removal of the valve from the line.
To repair in line, see following steps. Shop repairs follow the same procedure as
below, beginning at step 1B.
OPM-228 Page 8of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
1. To repair the valve while in the line, follow these steps:

A. Isolate the valve in the system by blocking with valves upstream and
downstream.
Caution: If the valve has been in H2S or similar toxic service, personal hazard
protection prevention measures should be observed.
Special Note: You can bleed down the line from some vent other than the valve
or with the valve itself. To bleed the line through the valve, keep the valve in
the half-open position. Loosen the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet to
vent.
B. If the line is not bled off through the valve, the body cavity must be bled off
separately. Bleed off is accomplished by loosening the bleed off fitting on
the OD of the bonnet.
2. Loosen and remove all bonnet bolts or nuts as applicable.
In case of Manual / Gear / Electric Operated valve:
a. Operate the valve until the gate bottoms out in the bottom of the body. Further
operation should lift the bonnet away from the body of the valve. If the valve
has been in service for some time, it may be necessary to hit the bonnet flange
with a hammer to help break the bonnet seal.
Caution: Be careful not to damage studs or grease fittings.
b. When the bonnet stops moving up, lift entire bonnet assembly straight up off
the body until the gate comes out of the body. A lifting device is recommended.
In case of Pneumatic / Hydraulic operated valve:
a. Two threaded holes are provided on actuator housing for lifting purpose.
OPM-228 Page 9of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
b. Lift the actuator along with the bonnet and gate until the gate comes out of the
body.
3. Remove each seal assembly one at a time from the valve body with a
screwdriver. Seat retainers are a close-tolerance slip fit, but should slide out
easily.
4. Cleanout seat retainer recesses thoroughly.
5. Replace seals if necessary.
6. Refer assembly-body section for seat and seat retainer assembly.
7. Lightly lubricate the new gate. Replace the gate by hand such that the gate T-
slot is out of the body. Do not attempt to assemble the gate along with the
bonnet assembly. To start the leading edge of the gate between the seal
assemblies, a slight rocking motion may be needed. Light bumping with a
wood mallet is okay, but care should be taken not to damage gate.
8. Replace the bonnet gasket with a new one. Do not attempt to reuse an old
bonnet gasket.
a. Assemble the T-nut on to the gate.

b. To remount the bonnet assembly, position the stem on top of the T-Nut and
rotate the stem(handwheel or switch as applicable) counter clockwise until
bonnet contacts the bonnet gasket. Further rotation will simply begin raising
the gate toward the open position.
c. Complete the assembly by installing the bonnet nuts. Tighten the nuts that are
diagonally opposite and go in circle in the same manner to complete all the
nuts. Torque to values provided in the table.
a. Connect Pneumatic / Hydraulic line to the inlet port and pressurize the
cylinder, so that the operating stem moves down.
OPM-228 Page 10of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
b. Two tapped holes are provided on actuator housing for lifting purpose. Lift the
actuator/bonnet assembly and slide the stem into the T-slot in the gate.
d. Reduce the Pneumatic / Hydraulic pressure to zero. The valve should close
fully.

MANUAL / GEAR / ELECTRIC OPERATOR
ASSEMBLY
Operating Instructions
Troubleshooting
OPM-222 Page 1 of 9
GATE VALVE
WOM ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
MANUAL / GEAR / ELECTRICAL OPERATOR
Refer to the Assembly drawing, Figure – 1.
1. Place the Stem packing in the bonnet stuffing box. Refer to the Stem packing
options shown in Fig.: 2.
2. Install the Stem seal and the Packing gland seal in the ID and OD of the Packing
gland. Assemble the Packing gland to the bonnet, as shown in the Fig.: 1
3. Insert the Stem into the bonnet flange bore, with the plain dia. first.
4. Install Stem adapter seal on the OD of the stem adapter. (In case of valve with
Electrical operator, install the Wear ring on the Stem adapter OD).
5. Assemble the thrust bearings on top and bottom of the Stem adapter.
6. Place the Stem adapter on the Stem top and insert the Stem pin by aligning the
holes in the Stem and Stem adapter.
7. Assemble the Bearing cap to the bonnet threads, through the Stem adapter.
8. Install the Grease fitting in the bonnet port. Refer to Fig.: 2 for Grease fitting
options.
9. Install the Bleeder plug in the bleeder port on the bonnet flange.
10. Install the Alemite fitting and the Bearing cap seal on the OD of the Bearing cap.
11. Assemble the Hand wheel to the Stem adapter using bolt and nut.
In case of Gear or Electrical operator, follow the steps thru 14 before assembling the
Gear or Electrical operator.
12. If the valve has stud and nut bolting the bonnet, assemble the studs onto the
body tapped holes. If it is a bolt, then assemble the bonnet to body as per steps 13
& 14, and then install the bolts.
13. Place the gasket (refer to gasket options in Fig.: 2) in the body groove / counter
bore.
14. Place the stem of the bonnet assembly on the T-nut and rotate the handwheel in
the counter clockwise direction (In case of Gear or Electrical operator rotate the
Stem adapter using appropriate tool). Continue to rotate until strong resistance
is felt. The bonnet will sit on the body. Now install the nut onto the stud. Tighten
the nuts that are diagonally opposite and go in circle in the same manner to
complete all the nuts. If it is bolt, insert the bolts through the bonnet holes and
tighten it as mentioned above. Torque the nuts / bolts to values provided in the
table.
In case of Gear operator

15. Place the Gear operator on the Bearing cap and screw on the cap screws or the
studs and nuts. Refer Figure – 3.
OPM-222 Page 2 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
In case of Electric operator

15. Place the Electrical operator along with the Gear operator on the Bearing cap and
screw on the cap screws or the studs and nuts. Refer Figure – 3.
OPM-222 Page 3 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
BO LT W /NUT
H ANDW H EEL
STEM ADAPTER SEAL

STEM ADAPTER
ALE M ITE FITTING
S TE M PIN BEARING CAP SEAL
TH RUST BEARING
PACK ING GLAND SEAL
BEARING CAP PACK ING GLAND

STEM SEAL
STE M PACK ING
GREASE FITTING STE M
BONNET STUD
BONNET NUT
BONNET
T NUT
BO NNE T GASKET BLEEDER PLUG
GATE
FIGURE - 1
OPM-222 Page 4 of 9
STEM PACKING OPTIONS
OPM-222
WOM
GREASE FITTING OPTIONS
MODULAR BEARING
AUTOCLAVE STEM PACKING

PLUG (QTY: 2 OR 3)
NPT PLUG
W/CHECK VALVE
GATE VALVE
Page 5 of 9
NPT PLUG
SPACER RING
SPRING ENERGISED SEAL

ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
HAT RING
GASKET OPTIONS
1. RING GASKET
BOLTING OPTIONS
1. STUD W/NUT
2. FLAT GASKET
2. BOLT
Date
FIGURE - 2
Rev. no.: 0
: 9.12.00
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
ELECTRICALOPERATOR
GEAR OPERATOR
GEAR OPERATOR
STEM ADAPTER
W EAR RING
STEM ADAPTER
BEARING CAP
BEARING CAP
W ITH GEAR OPERATOR W ITH ELECTRICALOPERATOR
FIGURE - 3
OPM-222 Page 6 of 9
GATE VALVE
WOM OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
For Manual and Gear operated valves
To Open:
a. Rotate the hand wheel counter-clockwise until strong resistance is felt. A torque
pin is provided to fail when the torque increases beyond certain limit to avoid
failure of internal parts.
b. Power-opening is not recommended for our gate valves.
c. Do not back-off the hand wheel after full open, in order to avoid losing the drift
and causing damage to the gate and seat.
d. The number of turns required to open is provided in a separate table.
To Close:
a. Rotate the hand wheel clockwise until strong resistance is felt.

b. Power-closing is not recommended for our gate valves.
c. Back-off the hand wheel 1/8 to 1/4 turn to assure gate is floating.
d. The number of turns required to close is provided in a separate table.
For Electric operated valves
Use the switches provided on the Electrical actuator to open and close the valve. Refer the
installation and maintenance manual for the electrical actuator.
OPM-222 Page 7 of 9
GATE VALVE
WOM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
& LUBRICATION
Bearing Lubrication:
1. The valve uses two thrust bearings.
2. Alemite fittings are provided just under the handwheel, on the bearing cap.
3. Use a standard grease gun for Alemite fitting, to pump lubricant.
4. There is a vent (under the outside O-ring near Alemite fitting) where surplus
grease will escape; continue adding grease until surplus grease appears.
Stem Lubrication:
1. If not previously loosened, loosen the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet
flange two or three full turns. Loosening this fitting will act as a vent while
greasing the stem threads.
2. Remove cap alone on grease fitting on bonnet (a check valve prevents grease
from coming out).
3. Connect grease gun and pump grease. Please note: grease is passing between
(very tight tolerances) stem and T-Nut, therefore grease will pump slowly.
Allow few minutes; stem is fully lubricated when grease exits through the
bleeder plug port on the bonnet OD.
4. Old grease will be displaced out through the vent connection on OD of bonnet.
5. When contaminated grease is fully displaced, discontinue pumping.
6. Disconnect grease gun.
7. Tighten the bleeder plug on OD of the bonnet.
8. Replace and tighten cap on grease fitting on the bonnet.
For Gear / Electrical operator

Refer the respective Installation and Maintenance manual for the Gear and
Electrical actuator.
OPM-222 Page 8 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
In the event of stem packing leakage:

1. If the valve is in the closed position, proceed to step 2. If valve is in the open
position, rotate the hand wheel clockwise to the full-closed position.
similar toxic materials, appropriate safety precautions and protective equipment
should be used. Consult your safety coordinator if unsure.
2. Loosen the bearing cap one full turn.
3. Turn the handwheel clockwise approximately 1/2 turn (in so doing, the gate is
driven against the bottom of the valve body and the additional handwheel
rotation causes the stem to rise in the bonnet to affect the backseat).
4. Remove the handwheel by removing the pin in the handwheel.
5. Remove the bearing cap by turning counter-clockwise (as observed from above
the handwheel).
6. Drive out the stem pin with a small drift (smaller in diameter than the pin). The
stem adapter will then simply lift off the stem.
7. Remove the packing gland by turning counter-clockwise with a standard open-
end wrench.
8. Connect a grease gun to the bonnet grease fitting on the bonnet. Stem should be
left in the backseated position. Pump out the modular bearing and packing stack
elements with the grease gun.
9. Install the new packing and assemble the valve as per the assembly section.
In case of Gear / Electrical operator

1. For step no. 3, operate the valve use the respective operating mechanism.
2. For step no. 4 remove the Gear operator by removing the nut between the
Bearing cap and Gear operator.
3. Follow the rest of the steps as above.
OPM-222 Page 9 of 9
B o }~ D S'.f.
;,;t~"~;?
MAGNASEALPLuS
LUBRICANT SEALANT
Magnaseal Plus is desi"gnedforuse where other valve

lubricants fail orsupepot ,quali~ is demanded by the user .
MagnasealPlus'is a unique combination of synthetic and
natural oils, CS41, and proprtetaryt~ckeners. This
formUlation provides better lubricatihg and sealing properties
than any other lubricant Isealant found today.
Magnaseal Plus is usedJor oilfietd,pipelirte, ref1tling and

petrochelriical applicationswhetelow torque valve operation is
required. Magnaseal Plus wi11proVide~ extremely low
coefficient of friction, but does n()trely on TFE chips or other
fillers.
-
Magnaseal Plus will resist high pressure washout over a wide
temperature range. Magnaseal Plus will seal severely worn
valves from galling andcoftOSionthusproViding years of
trouble free service. Magnaseal Plus will Dot thin down at
elevatedtemperturesor after injection. This lubricant/sealant
is designed to retain its body and consistency assuring a seal in
valves that are operated frequently.
PROPERTIES
Dropping Piont, F (ASTM D566 ) None

Oil Separation,% Wt. loss (ASTM Dr742) ~ 5 max
Rust Preventative Test (ASTM DI743) No. 2
Flash Poirit ~ ~. F
Temperature Range ~ F to 500 F
Color ~ Brown
P Additive
::.. Corrosive
EP t cti . Inhibitor ~
E .
ro e ve qwpmen t None
Odor ~
: :'!~
Material Safety Data Sheet
=============================================:
SEcrION I PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
.
Trade Name: MAG NASEAL PLUS

Synonyms: V AL YE SEAlANT
CAS No. : NO SINGLE CAS NUMBERAPPUCABLE
=====================~~=================--==============
SECTION II. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS/IDENTITY
INFORMATION
===-================ ==============--====-====
NO HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN THIS PRODUCT

~-~=--~~~~~~~~~~-~=~
SECTION III. PHYSICAL DATA
=-====--======-===-= ~---~~=~~~~~~~-~~~-~~~
Vapor Pressure: NIL Evaporation Rate (Ether -1) : NIL
BoilirtgPoint: N.A. Soltibility in Water: INSOLUBLE
Specific Gravity: 0.86 Vapor Density: N.A.
% Volatile by vol: NIL r
Appearance and bdor:BIACK, SMOOUiTEXTURE, SLIGHT
SWEETOpOR
SECTION IV . FIRE AND EXPLOSIONDATA
Flash Point: 300COC FlalnD1able Limits,

Upper: N.A.
LOWER: N.A
EXtln~ishing Media: DRY CHEMICALPOWER, CARBON
DIOXIDE I CHEMICALFOAM
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Wf.ARSELF~ONTAINED
BREATHlNGAPPARATUS WHEN.FIGHTING FIRE IN CONFINED
AREAS.
::.UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION ~S: NONE KNOWN
=====================================
SECTION V. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES
================= ============================
A971.9J>U:JEN
Eyes: I:;LUSH FOR 1 S MINUTES 'NITH CLEAR W ATER. CONT ACT
PHYSICIAN.
Skin: WA.)H THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP AND WATER.
Inhalation: V APOR PRESSURE IS VERY LOW V Al)OR I
INHALATION rs NOT CONSIDERED A PROBLEM UNDER NORMAL
USAGE CONDIT[QNS.
Ingestion: CONSULT PHYSICIAN.

:!:r:~" ')~;j.
SECTION VI. HEALTH EFFECTS

,
-========= =--= =
Inhalation: NONE EXPECTED
Ingestion: MA Y CAUSEG~TROI~!JN~ IRRITA TI O N
Ski'
n..c NIL
Eyes: PRODUcrcCONTA~TINGnIE ~MAY CAUSE
IRRITATION.
=========--= - =---=-==-~-~ =
SECTION VII. REACTIVITY DATA
CondiuonsContributing to~~bUity: PRODUCT IS STABLE

Incompatibility: NONE
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
, NONE
Conditions Contributirtgt~ ~zat~~~~ Pol~erlzation: NONE
SECTIONVDI. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
Ste~sto be taken lfmat~~cre1eas~p9r spn1~d: RECOVER

FJtEE MA TERIAL. ADDSUttABLEABSQQENTTOSPILLAREA.
, c "
CLEANSPn.L AREA wrrnDETERGENTSOLImON.
Waste Dbposal Method: :ttlCINERA TE INA fURNACE OR

OntERWISE DISPOSE OF IN, ACCORDANCE c WITH :ALL
AND
REG ' n .4. Tr
ONS -
, U~J.l .: "
c , c" " c
SECTION~. VENTIIATIQNANPP~QNAL PROTECTNE
EQmPMENT " "
Ventilation IN
" ~ " " "
ACCORDANCE WITH GOOD "ENGINEERING "PRACTICE IS
, "
SUFFICmNT ."
c c c c.. c c
Respiratory:
NO D..AAT U S A ~PlRATORYPRO~ON
GE cCc OND
c I T'r ON S ' c c
NOT NEEDED UNDER
C nJ;YU'u.. n .L .L " ..". .c
c , .\, ,
Eye: S~ETYGLASS~AP~EDAS STANDARD SAFETY

PRECAUTION. ,
,c , ; " C" "
Gloves: USE RESISTANTcGtOVES AS"NEEDED TO MINIMIZE SKIN
CONTACT. c 'c:"c ,; "
Otherclothirtg NEEDED. "
,,:,e;,,;;i
============---==-=--=~-===-~=~~==-~=-==-=---====---
SECnGNX. STORAGE
Precautions to be STORE IN
SEALED "
FOREIGN PARnCLES.
Other precautions: NONE :
SECTIONXI. SHIPPINGANDREGUIATOR;YC
, r
1NFORMA"rION.
App1icab.e
DOT P Shi.. N N ":A .
DO.~ T .roperpp~
"I .d tif . iN ..."",.-~e: N ~A,c .c'
c'
..;
DOTHdCl en lCat on
'. N..~.A ! ""i~;;c," ",'
...~ar ass. .."
00 -"
OSHA Hazard , ColWnunicationStand~d::mIs

0 0 0 ,'c 0 PRODUCT HAS
0 c ; , "0 c 0 c 0
LABEL UNDER THE OSHARA1ARD 0

COMMUNICATION
Health: 1
Flammability; 1.
R-eactivity: 1
Carcinogenic mgredients..OS~~/IARC: NONE
AJn.9bL.C/FJi
,::::i;;
====================================-=-=================
N.A " Not Applicable! , ': ;
N.D. -NotDetert'hined " :;
======~===========================
The information presented h~ be~n compiled from sources
considered to best of the
seller's knowledge. An datai$ offeteditl good faith as typical
values and not as a product specification. No warranty, either
,express or implied, is hetebycmade. The recommended
c !
itld ustrialhyg~eneand safe handlirigpr~edures are believed
to be generally ap,pllcaDle.-:fl9w~v each'used should review'
these recommendations in spe~cc()nt~of the, intended
use and determine whether they are appropnate. 1t IS the
user's obllgation!to evaluate and qse this product safely and to
comply With all applicable, laws and regulations.
==================-=====================================
P778912
Gate Valve 2-1/16" 10K Magnum Manual F.E.
Gate Valve 2-1/16" 10K Magnum Manual F.E. P778912-AC DP778912-AA

Seal Ass’y 2-1/16" 10K. P487363-AA DP487363-AA
Documentation for:
- W.O.M. Valve Body
- W.O.M. Manual Operator
- Magnaseal Plus Grease

P778912 AC
GATE VALVE 2-1/16" 10K
MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
38 P487363 AA SEAL ASS'Y 2-1/16" 10K 1.00 EA
DP778912 AA GATE VALVE 2-1/16" 10K 0.00

MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.

EP778912 AA PURCH. SPEC. GATE VALVE 0.00
2"1/16 API 10K H2S HT W

Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:01:42 2002
Run time: 00:00:07

file:///E|/CAT%20Concept/Clients/Schlumberger/Sophia/SFDP-A%20manual/p487363.html

P487363 AA SEAL ASS'Y 2-1/16" 10K

==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
DP487363 AA SEAL ASS'Y 2-1/16" 10K 0.00
WOM-P AA WORLDWIDE OILFIELD MACH. 0.00 WM-MGA2010

Given recspec: PART\P487363\AA
Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:01:59 2002
Run time: 00:00:07
file:///E|/CAT%20Concept/Clients/Schlumberger/Sophia/SFDP-A%20manual/p487363.html [10/03/2002 10:10:55]

VALVE BODY ASSEMBLY
General operation & Instructions

Troubleshooting & Routine Functional Testing
OPM-228 Page 1of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM GENERAL OPERATION & INSTRUCTIONS
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
Principle Of Operation:
The valve provides a thru-conduit seal, sealing both upstream & downstream.
This enables the valve to be installed in the line in any direction (bi-directional).
The valve provides a metal-to-metal seal between the gate and seat and a metal-to-
metal stem backseat.
The valve also incorporates a de-energizing mechanism by which body cavity
pressure continuously tries to equalize the line pressure in the bore. At zero line
pressure the valve holds approximately 150 to 300 psi in the body cavity. Before
opening the bonnet, precaution should be taken to bleed off the retained pressure in
the body cavity by using bleed off plug provided on bonnet or cycling the valve to
bleed the body cavity pressure to the line.
Operating Instructions:
1. Operate the valve as rapidly as possible. This eliminates the gates and seats
exposure to turbulence and excessive wear during the opening and closing
process. Thereby the service life of the valve is increased.
2. Gate valve should never be used to throttle line fluid. Throttling will result in
seat and gate damage.
3. Follow the recommended preventive maintenance and lubrication procedures to
achieve good performance and life.
Valve Testing:
The valve should be shell tested with gate in half open position.
OPM-228 Page 2of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
1. Install the Seat retainer backup ring and Seat retainer bottom seal in the Seat
retainer as shown in the figure below.
2. Install the two Seat seals along with the Seat backup ring in the Seat as shown
in the figure below.
3. Insert the Seat assembly into the Seat retainer.
4. Install the Seat retainer top seal in the body seat bore first.
5. Insert the Seat / Seat retainer assembly in the body seat bore as shown in the
figure below.
6. Follow the same procedure for the other side of the body seat bore.
7. Install the gate through the vertical bore of the body between the seat and seat
retainer assembly. Gently tap the gate using a mallet to get it in. Take care not
to damage the gate surfaces in the process.
8. Install the grease fitting in the body port (some of the bodies does not have one).
For Valve Mounted With Actuator:
Fail close: The gate should be assembled such that the solid gate enters the body first
and then the gate bore.
Fail open: The gate should be assembled such that the gate bore enters the body first
and then the solid gate portion.
SEAT SEAL
SEAT BACKUP RING
SEAT RETAINER BACKUP RING
SEAT RETAINER TOP SEAL

SEAT GATE
RETAINER
SEAT RETAINER BOTTOM SEAL
SEAT
OPM-228 Page 3of 11

GATE VALVE
WOM ASSEMBLY
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
BODY
GREASE FITTING
(OPTIONAL)
SEAL ASSEMBLY
GATE
BODY ASSEMBLY
OPM-228 Page 4of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
& LUBRICATION
VALVE BODY
General Instructions:
1. Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication is mainly a function of the following
factors:
• Type of fluid and "relative" cleanliness of fluid being handled
• "Relative" corrosion/erosion properties of line fluid
• Frequency of valve operation
• Line pressure during operation of the valve relative to its rating
Recommended Lubricant:
"Magnaseal" is the result of extensive testing and will maximize service life. Only
in emergencies, if Magnaseal is not available, a high viscosity all-purpose grease
can be used. In that case the lubrication frequency should be shortened to
compensate the limited characteristics of all-purpose grease. Magnaseal will
increase service life substantially. The lubricant in the magnum is only subjected to
washing and contamination during opening and closing cycles. In the full open or
full closed positions, body cavity lubricant is isolated from the flow stream.
Least hostile condition - an example situation:

If the valve were used in the run of a christmas tree on a well producing clean,
sweet, low-solids natural gas and the valve were operated once a day, lubrication
and flush-out schedules could be least frequent.
Most hostile condition - an example situation:

If, on the other hand, the valve were used in a choke and kill manifold handling
heavy, fine mesh, weighted mud with many additives and cycled several times in
day, lubrication and flush-out schedules could be more frequent.
OPM-228 Page 5of 11

GATE VALVE Rev. no.: 0
WOM PREVENTIVE MAINTANANCE Date : 10.9.00
& LUBRICATION
VALVE BODY
A general guide:
Many applications will fall somewhere between these two extremes. Only on-site
seasoned personnel and some trial and observation can determine the optimum
lubrication and flush-out schedules. Therefore, this document deals mainly with
the procedures recommended; frequency is a policy and practice decision of the
operations and maintenance personnel.
Body Cavity Lubrication:

1. The body can be lubricated with the valve in either the full open or full closed
position; fully open position is preferred. In the closed position the stem may
not be lubricated; when thoroughly lubricated the valve can be cycled to the
open position.
2. The valve can be in service during lubrication, shut down is not required.
similar toxic materials, appropriate safety precautions and protective
equipment should be used. Consult your safety coordinator if unsure.
3. Follow this sequence:
A. Bleed off fitting may be an Autoclave plug or Allen head fitting. Loosen
bleed off fitting on OD of bonnet flange by turning counter-clockwise 2-3
full turns to vent trapped body pressure to zero. Do not remove this plug,
only loosen.
B. When body cavity is completely vented, remove the cap (only) of the body
greasing fitting. Do not remove the grease fitting body (a check valve inside
prevents pressure loss, but will accept grease input).
C. Connect grease gun to grease fitting in the body of the valve.
D. Pump lubricant into the valve body and allow old lubricant to vent
through the bonnet fitting.
OPM-228 Page 6of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
& LUBRICATION
VALVE BODY
4. If valve is used in service where much line contamination is present, it is

recommended that new grease replace old grease each time the body is
lubricated. Consult 'general lubrication policy and procedures' for your
particular application and installation.
5. Remove grease gun.
6. Replace cap on body grease fitting and tighten.
OPM-228 Page 7of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
Routine functional test of Gate/Seat Assembly:

This functional test is to be done only in shop. Maximum pressure at which this
test is performed is working pressure of the valve.
1. If undamaged, the valve will seal both upstream and downstream. The
condition of the gate/seats assembly can be checked by the following steps.
Caution: If the valve has been in H2S or similar toxic service, personal
hazard protection prevention measures should be observed.
2. With the valve in either the full open or full closed position, vent the body
cavity by loosening the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet. Make sure
that body pressure is completely vented.
3. Completely remove the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet.
4. Make up a test unit to check pressure in bleed off port. All components must
have a minimum rating equal to the valve working pressure.
5. Install the test unit in the bleed off fitting port on the bonnet.
6. Leave the valve in the open position. Apply working pressure in the bore.
7. If the pressure builds up in the test unit, as determined by the test unit gage,
damage has occurred to the seats and/or gate. See Trouble Shooting Procedure
for repair instructions.
9. If no pressure builds up within 5 minutes, you can be assured that your gate
and seat assembly is still in functional condition.
In the event of gate/seat leakage:

Excessive wear to the seats and/or gate may occur from rigorous usage and/or
improper preventive maintenance. The seats and gate for the gate valve can often
be repaired without removal of the valve from the line.
To repair in line, see following steps. Shop repairs follow the same procedure as
below, beginning at step 1B.
OPM-228 Page 8of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
1. To repair the valve while in the line, follow these steps:

A. Isolate the valve in the system by blocking with valves upstream and
downstream.
Caution: If the valve has been in H2S or similar toxic service, personal hazard
protection prevention measures should be observed.
Special Note: You can bleed down the line from some vent other than the valve
or with the valve itself. To bleed the line through the valve, keep the valve in
the half-open position. Loosen the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet to
vent.
B. If the line is not bled off through the valve, the body cavity must be bled off
separately. Bleed off is accomplished by loosening the bleed off fitting on
the OD of the bonnet.
2. Loosen and remove all bonnet bolts or nuts as applicable.
a. Operate the valve until the gate bottoms out in the bottom of the body. Further
operation should lift the bonnet away from the body of the valve. If the valve
has been in service for some time, it may be necessary to hit the bonnet flange
with a hammer to help break the bonnet seal.
Caution: Be careful not to damage studs or grease fittings.
b. When the bonnet stops moving up, lift entire bonnet assembly straight up off
the body until the gate comes out of the body. A lifting device is recommended.
a. Two threaded holes are provided on actuator housing for lifting purpose.
OPM-228 Page 9of 11

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
b. Lift the actuator along with the bonnet and gate until the gate comes out of the
body.
3. Remove each seal assembly one at a time from the valve body with a
screwdriver. Seat retainers are a close-tolerance slip fit, but should slide out
easily.
4. Cleanout seat retainer recesses thoroughly.
5. Replace seals if necessary.
6. Refer assembly-body section for seat and seat retainer assembly.
7. Lightly lubricate the new gate. Replace the gate by hand such that the gate T-
slot is out of the body. Do not attempt to assemble the gate along with the
bonnet assembly. To start the leading edge of the gate between the seal
assemblies, a slight rocking motion may be needed. Light bumping with a
wood mallet is okay, but care should be taken not to damage gate.
8. Replace the bonnet gasket with a new one. Do not attempt to reuse an old
bonnet gasket.
a. Assemble the T-nut on to the gate.

b. To remount the bonnet assembly, position the stem on top of the T-Nut and
rotate the stem(handwheel or switch as applicable) counter clockwise until
bonnet contacts the bonnet gasket. Further rotation will simply begin raising
the gate toward the open position.
a. Connect Pneumatic / Hydraulic line to the inlet port and pressurize the
cylinder, so that the operating stem moves down.

GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 10.9.00
VALVE BODY
b. Two tapped holes are provided on actuator housing for lifting purpose. Lift the
actuator/bonnet assembly and slide the stem into the T-slot in the gate.
d. Reduce the Pneumatic / Hydraulic pressure to zero. The valve should close
fully.

MANUAL / GEAR / ELECTRIC OPERATOR
ASSEMBLY
Troubleshooting
OPM-222 Page 1 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
Refer to the Assembly drawing, Figure – 1.
1. Place the Stem packing in the bonnet stuffing box. Refer to the Stem packing
options shown in Fig.: 2.
2. Install the Stem seal and the Packing gland seal in the ID and OD of the Packing
gland. Assemble the Packing gland to the bonnet, as shown in the Fig.: 1
3. Insert the Stem into the bonnet flange bore, with the plain dia. first.
4. Install Stem adapter seal on the OD of the stem adapter. (In case of valve with
Electrical operator, install the Wear ring on the Stem adapter OD).
5. Assemble the thrust bearings on top and bottom of the Stem adapter.
6. Place the Stem adapter on the Stem top and insert the Stem pin by aligning the
holes in the Stem and Stem adapter.
7. Assemble the Bearing cap to the bonnet threads, through the Stem adapter.
8. Install the Grease fitting in the bonnet port. Refer to Fig.: 2 for Grease fitting
options.
9. Install the Bleeder plug in the bleeder port on the bonnet flange.
10. Install the Alemite fitting and the Bearing cap seal on the OD of the Bearing cap.
11. Assemble the Hand wheel to the Stem adapter using bolt and nut.
In case of Gear or Electrical operator, follow the steps thru 14 before assembling the
Gear or Electrical operator.
12. If the valve has stud and nut bolting the bonnet, assemble the studs onto the
body tapped holes. If it is a bolt, then assemble the bonnet to body as per steps 13
& 14, and then install the bolts.
13. Place the gasket (refer to gasket options in Fig.: 2) in the body groove / counter
bore.
14. Place the stem of the bonnet assembly on the T-nut and rotate the handwheel in
the counter clockwise direction (In case of Gear or Electrical operator rotate the
Stem adapter using appropriate tool). Continue to rotate until strong resistance
is felt. The bonnet will sit on the body. Now install the nut onto the stud. Tighten
the nuts that are diagonally opposite and go in circle in the same manner to
complete all the nuts. If it is bolt, insert the bolts through the bonnet holes and
tighten it as mentioned above. Torque the nuts / bolts to values provided in the
table.
In case of Gear operator

15. Place the Gear operator on the Bearing cap and screw on the cap screws or the
studs and nuts. Refer Figure – 3.
OPM-222 Page 2 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
In case of Electric operator

15. Place the Electrical operator along with the Gear operator on the Bearing cap and
screw on the cap screws or the studs and nuts. Refer Figure – 3.
OPM-222 Page 3 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
BO LT W /NUT
H ANDW H EEL
STEM ADAPTER SEAL

STEM ADAPTER
ALE M ITE FITTING
S TE M PIN BEARING CAP SEAL
TH RUST BEARING
PACK ING GLAND SEAL
BEARING CAP PACK ING GLAND

STEM SEAL
STE M PACK ING
GREASE FITTING STE M
BONNET STUD
BONNET NUT
BONNET
T NUT
BO NNE T GASKET BLEEDER PLUG
GATE
FIGURE - 1
OPM-222 Page 4 of 9
STEM PACKING OPTIONS
OPM-222
WOM
GREASE FITTING OPTIONS
MODULAR BEARING
AUTOCLAVE STEM PACKING

PLUG (QTY: 2 OR 3)
NPT PLUG
W/CHECK VALVE
GATE VALVE
Page 5 of 9
NPT PLUG
SPACER RING
SPRING ENERGISED SEAL

ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
HAT RING
GASKET OPTIONS
1. RING GASKET
BOLTING OPTIONS
1. STUD W/NUT
2. FLAT GASKET
2. BOLT
Date
FIGURE - 2
Rev. no.: 0
: 9.12.00
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
ELECTRICALOPERATOR
GEAR OPERATOR
GEAR OPERATOR
STEM ADAPTER
W EAR RING
STEM ADAPTER
BEARING CAP
BEARING CAP
W ITH GEAR OPERATOR W ITH ELECTRICALOPERATOR
FIGURE - 3
OPM-222 Page 6 of 9
GATE VALVE
WOM OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
For Manual and Gear operated valves
To Open:
a. Rotate the hand wheel counter-clockwise until strong resistance is felt. A torque
pin is provided to fail when the torque increases beyond certain limit to avoid
failure of internal parts.
b. Power-opening is not recommended for our gate valves.
c. Do not back-off the hand wheel after full open, in order to avoid losing the drift
and causing damage to the gate and seat.
d. The number of turns required to open is provided in a separate table.
To Close:
a. Rotate the hand wheel clockwise until strong resistance is felt.

b. Power-closing is not recommended for our gate valves.
c. Back-off the hand wheel 1/8 to 1/4 turn to assure gate is floating.
d. The number of turns required to close is provided in a separate table.
For Electric operated valves
Use the switches provided on the Electrical actuator to open and close the valve. Refer the
installation and maintenance manual for the electrical actuator.
OPM-222 Page 7 of 9
GATE VALVE
WOM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
& LUBRICATION
Bearing Lubrication:
1. The valve uses two thrust bearings.
2. Alemite fittings are provided just under the handwheel, on the bearing cap.
3. Use a standard grease gun for Alemite fitting, to pump lubricant.
4. There is a vent (under the outside O-ring near Alemite fitting) where surplus
grease will escape; continue adding grease until surplus grease appears.
Stem Lubrication:
1. If not previously loosened, loosen the bleed off fitting on the OD of the bonnet
flange two or three full turns. Loosening this fitting will act as a vent while
greasing the stem threads.
2. Remove cap alone on grease fitting on bonnet (a check valve prevents grease
from coming out).
3. Connect grease gun and pump grease. Please note: grease is passing between
(very tight tolerances) stem and T-Nut, therefore grease will pump slowly.
Allow few minutes; stem is fully lubricated when grease exits through the
bleeder plug port on the bonnet OD.
4. Old grease will be displaced out through the vent connection on OD of bonnet.
5. When contaminated grease is fully displaced, discontinue pumping.
6. Disconnect grease gun.
7. Tighten the bleeder plug on OD of the bonnet.
8. Replace and tighten cap on grease fitting on the bonnet.
For Gear / Electrical operator

Refer the respective Installation and Maintenance manual for the Gear and
Electrical actuator.
OPM-222 Page 8 of 9
GATE VALVE
Rev. no.: 0
Date : 9.12.00
In the event of stem packing leakage:

1. If the valve is in the closed position, proceed to step 2. If valve is in the open
position, rotate the hand wheel clockwise to the full-closed position.
similar toxic materials, appropriate safety precautions and protective equipment
should be used. Consult your safety coordinator if unsure.
2. Loosen the bearing cap one full turn.
3. Turn the handwheel clockwise approximately 1/2 turn (in so doing, the gate is
driven against the bottom of the valve body and the additional handwheel
rotation causes the stem to rise in the bonnet to affect the backseat).
4. Remove the handwheel by removing the pin in the handwheel.
5. Remove the bearing cap by turning counter-clockwise (as observed from above
the handwheel).
6. Drive out the stem pin with a small drift (smaller in diameter than the pin). The
stem adapter will then simply lift off the stem.
7. Remove the packing gland by turning counter-clockwise with a standard open-
end wrench.
8. Connect a grease gun to the bonnet grease fitting on the bonnet. Stem should be
left in the backseated position. Pump out the modular bearing and packing stack
elements with the grease gun.
9. Install the new packing and assemble the valve as per the assembly section.
In case of Gear / Electrical operator

1. For step no. 3, operate the valve use the respective operating mechanism.
2. For step no. 4 remove the Gear operator by removing the nut between the
Bearing cap and Gear operator.
3. Follow the rest of the steps as above.
OPM-222 Page 9 of 9
B o }~ D S'.f.
;,;t~"~;?
MAGNASEALPLuS
LUBRICANT SEALANT
Magnaseal Plus is desi"gnedforuse where other valve

lubricants fail orsupepot ,quali~ is demanded by the user .
MagnasealPlus'is a unique combination of synthetic and
natural oils, CS41, and proprtetaryt~ckeners. This
formUlation provides better lubricatihg and sealing properties
than any other lubricant Isealant found today.
Magnaseal Plus is usedJor oilfietd,pipelirte, ref1tling and

petrochelriical applicationswhetelow torque valve operation is
required. Magnaseal Plus wi11proVide~ extremely low
coefficient of friction, but does n()trely on TFE chips or other
fillers.
-
Magnaseal Plus will resist high pressure washout over a wide
temperature range. Magnaseal Plus will seal severely worn
valves from galling andcoftOSionthusproViding years of
trouble free service. Magnaseal Plus will Dot thin down at
elevatedtemperturesor after injection. This lubricant/sealant
is designed to retain its body and consistency assuring a seal in
valves that are operated frequently.
PROPERTIES
Dropping Piont, F (ASTM D566 ) None

Oil Separation,% Wt. loss (ASTM Dr742) ~ 5 max
Rust Preventative Test (ASTM DI743) No. 2
Flash Poirit ~ ~. F
Temperature Range ~ F to 500 F
Color ~ Brown
P Additive
::.. Corrosive
EP t cti . Inhibitor ~
E .
ro e ve qwpmen t None
Odor ~
: :'!~
Material Safety Data Sheet
=============================================:
SEcrION I PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
.
Trade Name: MAG NASEAL PLUS

Synonyms: V AL YE SEAlANT
CAS No. : NO SINGLE CAS NUMBERAPPUCABLE
=====================~~=================--==============
SECTION II. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS/IDENTITY
INFORMATION
===-================ ==============--====-====
NO HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN THIS PRODUCT

~-~=--~~~~~~~~~~-~=~
SECTION III. PHYSICAL DATA
=-====--======-===-= ~---~~=~~~~~~~-~~~-~~~
Vapor Pressure: NIL Evaporation Rate (Ether -1) : NIL
BoilirtgPoint: N.A. Soltibility in Water: INSOLUBLE
Specific Gravity: 0.86 Vapor Density: N.A.
% Volatile by vol: NIL r
Appearance and bdor:BIACK, SMOOUiTEXTURE, SLIGHT
SWEETOpOR
SECTION IV . FIRE AND EXPLOSIONDATA
Flash Point: 300COC FlalnD1able Limits,

Upper: N.A.
LOWER: N.A
EXtln~ishing Media: DRY CHEMICALPOWER, CARBON
DIOXIDE I CHEMICALFOAM
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Wf.ARSELF~ONTAINED
BREATHlNGAPPARATUS WHEN.FIGHTING FIRE IN CONFINED
AREAS.
::.UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION ~S: NONE KNOWN
=====================================
SECTION V. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES
================= ============================
A971.9J>U:JEN
Eyes: I:;LUSH FOR 1 S MINUTES 'NITH CLEAR W ATER. CONT ACT
PHYSICIAN.
Skin: WA.)H THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP AND WATER.
Inhalation: V APOR PRESSURE IS VERY LOW V Al)OR I
INHALATION rs NOT CONSIDERED A PROBLEM UNDER NORMAL
USAGE CONDIT[QNS.
Ingestion: CONSULT PHYSICIAN.

:!:r:~" ')~;j.
SECTION VI. HEALTH EFFECTS

,
-========= =--= =
Inhalation: NONE EXPECTED
Ingestion: MA Y CAUSEG~TROI~!JN~ IRRITA TI O N
Ski'
n..c NIL
Eyes: PRODUcrcCONTA~TINGnIE ~MAY CAUSE
IRRITATION.
=========--= - =---=-==-~-~ =
SECTION VII. REACTIVITY DATA
CondiuonsContributing to~~bUity: PRODUCT IS STABLE

Incompatibility: NONE
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
, NONE
Conditions Contributirtgt~ ~zat~~~~ Pol~erlzation: NONE
SECTIONVDI. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
Ste~sto be taken lfmat~~cre1eas~p9r spn1~d: RECOVER

FJtEE MA TERIAL. ADDSUttABLEABSQQENTTOSPILLAREA.
, c "
CLEANSPn.L AREA wrrnDETERGENTSOLImON.
Waste Dbposal Method: :ttlCINERA TE INA fURNACE OR

OntERWISE DISPOSE OF IN, ACCORDANCE c WITH :ALL
AND
REG ' n .4. Tr
ONS -
, U~J.l .: "
c , c" " c
SECTION~. VENTIIATIQNANPP~QNAL PROTECTNE
EQmPMENT " "
Ventilation IN
" ~ " " "
ACCORDANCE WITH GOOD "ENGINEERING "PRACTICE IS
, "
SUFFICmNT ."
c c c c.. c c
Respiratory:
NO D..AAT U S A ~PlRATORYPRO~ON
GE cCc OND
c I T'r ON S ' c c
NOT NEEDED UNDER
C nJ;YU'u.. n .L .L " ..". .c
c , .\, ,
Eye: S~ETYGLASS~AP~EDAS STANDARD SAFETY

PRECAUTION. ,
,c , ; " C" "
Gloves: USE RESISTANTcGtOVES AS"NEEDED TO MINIMIZE SKIN
CONTACT. c 'c:"c ,; "
Otherclothirtg NEEDED. "
,,:,e;,,;;i
============---==-=--=~-===-~=~~==-~=-==-=---====---
SECnGNX. STORAGE
Precautions to be STORE IN
SEALED "
FOREIGN PARnCLES.
Other precautions: NONE :
SECTIONXI. SHIPPINGANDREGUIATOR;YC
, r
1NFORMA"rION.
App1icab.e
DOT P Shi.. N N ":A .
DO.~ T .roperpp~
"I .d tif . iN ..."",.-~e: N ~A,c .c'
c'
..;
DOTHdCl en lCat on
'. N..~.A ! ""i~;;c," ",'
...~ar ass. .."
00 -"
OSHA Hazard , ColWnunicationStand~d::mIs

0 0 0 ,'c 0 PRODUCT HAS
0 c ; , "0 c 0 c 0
LABEL UNDER THE OSHARA1ARD 0

COMMUNICATION
Health: 1
Flammability; 1.
R-eactivity: 1
Carcinogenic mgredients..OS~~/IARC: NONE
AJn.9bL.C/FJi
,::::i;;
====================================-=-=================
N.A " Not Applicable! , ': ;
N.D. -NotDetert'hined " :;
======~===========================
The information presented h~ be~n compiled from sources
considered to best of the
seller's knowledge. An datai$ offeteditl good faith as typical
values and not as a product specification. No warranty, either
,express or implied, is hetebycmade. The recommended
c !
itld ustrialhyg~eneand safe handlirigpr~edures are believed
to be generally ap,pllcaDle.-:fl9w~v each'used should review'
these recommendations in spe~cc()nt~of the, intended
use and determine whether they are appropnate. 1t IS the
user's obllgation!to evaluate and qse this product safely and to
comply With all applicable, laws and regulations.
==================-=====================================
P782206
Adjustable Choke 2-1/16" 10K F.E.
Adjustable Choke 2-1/16" 10K F.E. P782206-AC DP782206-AA
Documentation for:
W.O.M. Chokes Operating & Maintenance

P782206 AC
ADJUSTABLE CHOKE 2-1/16
10K
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
Shop Supplied (SHOP_SUPPLIED)
G823693 AB GRAISSE NEVER-SEEZ 0.00 EA
DP782206 AA ADJUSTABLE CHOKE 2-1/16" 0.00

10K
EP782206 AD ADJUSTABLE CHOKE 2"1/16 0.00

10KPSI H2S SEAT 1"(WOM)
SM800109 AP GENERAL PAINTING SPECIFI 0.00
CATION ENGLISH VERSION
SM839839 AC GENERAL TRACEABILITY 0.00
REQUIREMENTS
WOM-P AA WORLDWIDE OILFIELD MACH. 0.00 WA8001

Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:09:45 2002
Run time: 00:00:08

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Maintenance
In The Event Of Stem Packing Leakage
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BOLT
HANDWHEEL
LOCK WASHER
INDICATOR
SET SCREW
INDICATOR
ROD WIPER
INDICATOR HOUSING
INDICATOR HOUSING
SET SCREW
GREASE FITTING
THUMB SCREW
NUT BUSHING
BONNET NUT
BONNET NUT
SET SCREW
RETAINER RING
BONNET
STEM
BONNET
SEAL RINGS
WING NUT
PACKING ASSEMBLY
BONNET
SET SCREW
BONNET EXTENSION
BLEEDER PLUG
SEAT GASKET
SEAT
BODY
FIGURE - 1

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BOLT
HANDWHEEL
LOCK WASHER
INDICATOR SET SCREW
BONNET
GREASE FITTING THUMB SCREW

STEM
RETAINER RING
RETAINER RING
WING NUT
PACKING ASSEMBLY
BLEEDER PLUG
SEAT GASKET
SEAT
BODY
FIGURE - 2

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POSITION INDICATOR
HEX BOLT/LOCKWASHER
POSITION INDICATOR
INDICATOR HOUSING
SEAL RING INDICATOR HOUSING
SOC. HEAD CAP SCREW
GEAR OPERATOR
STUD/NUT
LOCKWASHER
BONNET NUT
KEY
BONNET NUT
TORQUE PIN
HEX BOLT/
LOCKWASHER
WING NUT
TORQUE PIN
FIGURE - 3

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MODULAR BEARING
STEM PACKING (QTY: 2 OR 3)
SPACER RING
RETAINER RING
REGULAR PACKING
MODULAR BEARING
STEM PACKING
HAT RING
SPACER RING
RETAINER RING
MODULAR BEARING
STEM PACKING
SPACER RING
RETAINER RING
STEM PACKING
SPACER RING
RETAINER RING
HIGH TEMP. PACKING CONFIGURATIONS
FIGURE - 4

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BLANKING CAP
WING NUT
BONNET
SEAL RINGS
BLEEDER PLUG
SEAT
SEAT GASKET
BODY
FIGURE - 5

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If Stem Packing is leaking, the leakage will be observed from the top of the Bonnet
or between Bonnet and Wing Nut. The following steps are to be followed for
removing and replacing the Stem Packing assembly:
1. Make sure there is no line pressure inside the choke Body. A Bleeder plug is
provided on the body.
CAUTION!: If the choke has been in H2S or similar toxic service,
personal hazard protection prevention measures should be observed.
In case of Manual Choke:

2. Remove the Handwheel from the Stem by unscrewing the Bolt.
3. Remove the Indicator by unscrewing the Indicator Set Screw.
4. Loosen the Thumb Screw and remove the Bonnet Nut along with the Indicator
Housing by unscrewing the Bonnet Nut Set Screw.
5. Remove the Nut Bushing by unscrewing it from the Stem.
6. Remove the Retainer Ring and Unscrew the Wing Nut from the Body.
7. Pull the bonnet along with the Wing Nut, Stem and other parts out of the choke
Body.
CAUTION!: Care should be taken not to damage the surface inside
the cavity or the surface of the stem during assembly or disassembly.

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8. Unscrew the Bonnet Extension from the Bonnet and pull the stem out of the
Bonnet.
9. Remove the Retainer ring and Replace the Packing assembly. Refer to Fig.: 4 for
different Packing configurations.
10.Reassemble rest of the parts as per the assembly instructions.
In case of Gear Operated Choke:

Remove the Bonnet Nut Torque Pins between the Bonnet Nut and Bonnet and
loosen the Thumb Screw.
Dismount the Bonnet Nut along with the gear operator by unscrewing the
Bonnet Nut from the Bonnet and turning the Handwheel of the Gear operator to
push the Stem down.
Unscrew the Hex bolt between the Wing Nut and Bonnet and remove the Wing
Nut Torque Pins between the Wing Nut and Body.
Remove the Retainer Ring and unscrew the Wing Nut from the Body.
Pull the Bonnet along with the Wing Nut, Stem and other parts out of the Choke
Body.
Unscrew the Bonnet Extension from the Bonnet.
CAUTION!: Care should be taken not to damage the surface inside

the cavity or the surface of the stem during assembly or
disassembly.
Pull the Stem out of the Bonnet. Remove the Key between the Bonnet and Stem
carefully while sliding out the Stem.
Remove the Retainer Ring from inside the Bonnet and replace the Stem Packing.
Refer to Fig.: 4 for different Packing assembly configuration.
Reassemble the rest of the parts as explained in the previous sections.

SRPC
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
M075292
SFDP-A
P780129 : Sand Filter Dual Pots 200mm, 10K, -4 to 250°F, H2S
2nd Edition November 2001
Page : ii
nd
2 Edition Nov. 2001
Maintenance manual History
Part No. Issued Status Remarks

First Edition M-075292 September 2000 Obsolete
2nd Edition M075292 November 2001 Active
Page: i
Maintenance Manual Organization
This maintenance Manual is divided in two parts:
- Chapters describing the equipment, its physical principle and its maintenance. Refer to the general
Table of Contents.
- A documentation section which is a selection of documents available in the SRPC manufacturing files. It
is divided in:
♦ Modification recap,
♦ Specifications,
♦ Bill of Material and assembly drawings,
♦ Circuits diagrams
Note on Maintenance Manual Revisions
Please help us to improve and correct future revisions of this manual, all feedback on Maintenance Manuals
should be sent on an e-mail to Michel Barbier at SRPC MBarbier@clamart.oilfield.slb.com.
Revisions to maintenance Manuals are issued from time to time. They are made available for a short period
as independent documents, for holders of existing manuals to update their stock. Orders for complete
manuals should always be placed using the part number of the complete manual, shown in bold type in the
list above. The manual complete with all revisions to date will be issued.
Page: ii
For any technical help, the SRPC-TS InTouch Technical Helpdesk is available.
The InTouch SRPC-TS is implemented to couple the Field with the Technology Center, the Field
has access to the InTouch system and can request support when needed. Before submitting a
problem to the InTouch you should already have exhausted all your local resources, i.e. Manuals,
web pages, training, SQC, etc.
To submit a call, connect to the InTouch web portal page at:
http://intouch.slb.com/
On the Global In Touch page, proceed as follows:
• In the Reservoir Development, select WCP Testing Services.

• In The Helpdesks, select SRPC-TS or the related product category, i.e. Surface Testing.
• Then, on the SRPC-TS Technical HelpDesk page,

w Search for a "Solution" to your question, If you can not find a solution then search on
the Existing Requests and Answers.
If you do not find what you are looking for, then:
w Submit a question to the Technical HelpDesk.
Just fill in the form and click on Submit.
You can also contact the SRPC-TS helpdesk, as follows :
• Phone/Mobile : +33 1 45 37 28 45 (Emergency only)

• Fax : : +33 1 45 37 24 49 (only to be used in case of very poor connectivity)
• E.mail : intouch-srpc-ts@slb.com (only to be used in case of very poor connectivity)
A notification E.mail (or Fax) will be addressed to you once the case has been acknowledged, then
another to provide the answer when resolved.
Page: iii
Please help us to improve and correct future revisions of this manual by sending comments
or corrections to the InTouch Technical Helpdesk.
Your feedback will help us to improve our Maintenance Manuals.

Thank you.
Please, make reference to the following in your feedback:
• Maintenance manual title, edition and reference

• Section, page, corrections
• Misprints, technical errors, confusing explanations
• General comments, suggestions
• Do you find this manual clear?
If not, where is it confusing?
• Did you find the information you were looking for quickly and easily?
If not, what were you looking for?
If you feel that there is a Technical issue you wish to raise to the Product Center regarding
an equipment, please submit a Sustaining Request.
To do this refer to the InTouch web portal and select Online Enablers à Sustaining Requests.
Page :7-1
nd
Chapter 7- Auxiliary Equipment 2 Edition Nov. 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 7
Auxiliary Equipment
The numbers in the right-hand column correspond to the BOM’s or the drawing’s appendix and
page numbers.
The two capital letters following each item part number and drawing number indicate the
modification status level of the present edition of that document. An item in italic text will be found
higher up in this appendix, or in another appendix, or in another chapter. Check its Appendix # and
page # entry.
Note that drawings are NOT TO SCALE!
Appendix # & page #

Part # Drawing #
Gate Valve 3.1/16" API 10000 H2S

WOM -4 to 250°F P582447-AD DP582447-AA 7-2
Sand Box with Hoses P781978-AA 7-3
100 Micron Cartridge P789202-AA 7-4
Filter 200 Micron for SFDP-B P781487-AA 7-5

P582447 AD
GATE VALVE 3"1/16 10K
MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
DP582447 AA GATE VALVE 3-1/16" 10K 0.00

MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.

EP582447 AA PURCHASING SPECIF.GATE V 0.00
ALVE 3.1/16"API10000 H2
P779483 AB KIT, HT 350F, 3" 10K FE 1.00 EA

38 P797792 AC SEAL ASS'Y 3" 10K MAGNUM 1.00 EA

Given recspec: PART\P582447\AD
Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 12:53:53 2002
Run time: 00:00:09


P781978 AA SAND BOX WITH HOSES.

==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
EP781978 AB SAND BOX WITH HOSES 0.00

Given recspec: PART\P781978\AA
Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:23:21 2002
Run time: 00:00:18


P789202 AB FILTER 100 MICRON

==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
EP789202 AA FILTER 100 MICRON 0.00

Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:23:34 2002
Run time: 00:00:13


P781487 AB FILTER 200 MICRON

==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
EP781487 AA FILTER 200 MICRON 0.00

Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:23:44 2002
Run time: 00:00:10

Page :A-1
nd
Appendix A – Modification Recap 2 Edition Nov. 2001
Appendix A
Modification Recap
This list gives the Modification Recaps issued up to the date of publication of this manual. They are
included for information purposes only, since they have already been distributed.
MRs
No MRs
Page :B-1
nd
Appendix B – Specifications 2 Edition Nov. 2001
Appendix B
Specifications
modification status level of the present edition of that document
Specifications
SFDP-A Data Sheet B-2
Sand Filter Dual Pots 200µm, 10K, -4 to 250°F, H2 S
SFDP-A P780129
Description:
This sand filter is designed to remove sand and
other solid particles from well effluent.
It is located right after the well flow head and
consists of frame mounted vessels with
telescopic lifting support for filter replacement.
Two filter pots 46 liters each.
Interconnecting piping with by-pass
Drain with adjustable choke.
Specifications:
Service : H2 S
Fluid Class : DD
Working pressure : 10 000 Psi
Working temperature : P+U (-4°F to 250°F)
Gas flow rate : 35 MMSCFD
Liquid flow rate : 5 000 BPD
Filters:
Standard filter size : 200 µm
Equivalent flow area : 11.5" pipe
Max delta P : 1 500 psi
Connections:
Oil Inlet : 3" Fig. 1502 F
Oil Outlet : 3" Fig. 1502 M
Drain Outlet : 2" Fig. 1502 M
Certifications:
Design : Type Approval / DVR
Manufacturing : Certificate of
Conformity
Documentation : Quality File
Applicable Codes:
ASME VIII div.2, API-6A (PSL3, PR2), ANSI B31-3, H2S (NACE MR0175)
Accessories (Optional):
Double valve : P582447 : (Qty 4)
Sand box : P781978
Extra 200 µm filter : P781487
Extra 100 µm filter : P789202
Weight & Dimensions:
Foot print : 2.8 m x 2.2 m
Height : 4 m (transport) - 7.4 m (in use)
Weight : 7 500 kg (Shipment on its side)
Revised: October 2001 Testing © Schlumberger
-1-
Page: C-1
nd
Appendix C – Bill of Material and Assembly Drawings 2 Edition Nov. 2001
Appendix C
Bill of Material and Assembly Drawings
The numbers in the right-hand column correspond to the BOM’s or the drawing’s appendix and
page numbers.
modification status level of the present edition of that document. An item in italic text will be found
higher up in this appendix, or in another appendix, or in another chapter. Check its Appendix # and
page # entry.
Note that drawings are NOT TO SCALE!
Appendix # & page #

Part # Drawing #
SFDP-A Sand Filter Dual Pot 10K, H 2S, -4F P780129-AG DP780129-AA C-2
P.I.D. for SFDP-A EP488078-AA C-3

P780129 AG
SFDP-A SAND FILTER DUAL
POTS 200MM 10K -4/250F
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
1 P488423 AA SKID & FRAME FOR SFDP 1.00 EA
2 P799708 AA 10" NB SANDFILTER 2.00 EA
3 P582447 AD GATE VALVE 3"1/16 10K 5.00 EA GTV01 GTV03 GTV04 GTV07
MAGNUM MANUAL F.E. GTV08
4 P778912 AC GATE VALVE 2-1/16" 10K 2.00 EA GTV10 GTV11
MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.
5 P781487 AB FILTER 200 MICRON 2.00 EA
501 G820365 AA MANOMETRE 150MM .1/2 "NP 2.00 EA PG01 PG02

T 10000PSI 600B D.MIX
B079556 AA DECAL,SCHLUMBERGER "LOGO 4.00 EA
99",WHITE 700MM LG
M817746 AB NEEDLE VALVE MF . 1/ 4.00 EA NV01 NV03 NV06 NV07
2 "NPT 10000PSIH2S
M817748 AA VANNE POINTEAU FF . 1/2 6.00 EA NV02 NV04 NV05 NV08 NV09
"NPT 10000PSIH2S-SPEC.C NV10
M838005 AF IDENTIF. PLATE FOR FIXED 1.00 EA
ASSET EQT SCHLUM MODEL
P485533 AA PRESSURE VESSEL PLATE 2.00 EA
P776850 AB LOAD TEST IDENTIFICATION 1.00 EA

PLATE
P782206 AC ADJUSTABLE CHOKE 2-1/16 1.00 EA ADC01
10K
Shop Supplied (SHOP_SUPPLIED)
G823693 AB GRAISSE NEVER-SEEZ 0.00 EA
DP780129 AA GENERAL ARRANGEMENT FOR 0.00

SFDP-A
EP486883 AC TESTING HARDWARE COLOR G 0.00

UIDELINES
EP487635 AA MANUFACTURING SPECIFICAT 0.00
ION FOR INSTRUMENTATION
EP488078 AA P.I.D. FOR SFDP-A 0.00
EP780129 AB PRODUCT DEFINITION FOR 0.00

SFDP-A
EP782207 AC QUALITY CONTROL PLAN FOR 0.00
file:///E|/CAT%20Concept/Clients/Schlumberger/Sophia/SFDP-A%20manual/p780129.htm (1 sur 2) [10/03/2002 10:18:30]

SFDP-A
SM800109 AP GENERAL PAINTING SPECIFI 0.00
CATION ENGLISH VERSION
SM805112 AG *MATERIALS FOR PIPING & 0.00
MANIFOLDS H2S 3000-5000
SM839158 AC Q.C.SPEC FOR H2S FLOW CO 0.00
MPONENTS WP UP TO 3000
SM839839 AC GENERAL TRACEABILITY 0.00
REQUIREMENTS
Ref. Callouts (REF_CALLOUT - Not exp.)
FA780129 AA APPROVAL FOR SFDP-A FILE 0.00 LG01

S COMMERCIALIZATION
P582447 AD GATE VALVE 3"1/16 10K 4.00 EA GTV02 GTV05 GTV06 GTV09
MAGNUM MANUAL F.E.
P781978 AA SAND BOX WITH HOSES. 1.00 EA
P789202 AB FILTER 100 MICRON 1.00 EA
B079398 AA SEAL RING 10"OD,SIZE 82, 1.00 EA

TECHLOK AISI 4140.
P487578 AA SEAL RINGS SET FOR WECO 0.00 EA
FIG 602/1002/1502
P795261 AA FILTER SET OF SEALS STD 1.00 EA
TEMPERATURE

P780129 AG
SFDP-A SAND FILTER DUAL
POTS 200MM 10K -4/250F
==== ======== === ======================== ===== === =========================
P795264 AA FILTER SET OF SEALS HIGH 1.00 EA
TEMPERATURE

Given recspec: PART\P780129\AG
Given depth: 1

End time: Fri Mar 8 13:56:28 2002
Run time: 00:00:14
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Page: iv

SWT SURFACE WELL TEST SET-UP SRPC M. Manual

Safety and Precautions

General Description & Specification

Components Drawings, Bill Of Material and Maintenance

Bill of Material and Assembly Drawings

4.1 Personnel Safety..................................................................................................... 43

15. Booms Specific Rules. ............................................................................................. 58

Safety and Precautions

Indicates danger to personnel.

Indicates danger to equipment

NOTE: Indicates special care needs to be taken

1.1 Danger to Personnel

- Completion or test string,

It is the Schlumberger Base Manager’s responsibility:

ON LOCATION, THE OPERATION MUST BE REHEARSED BEFOREHAND: A PRATICAL

1.1.3 Personnel Safety.

• Clean muddy slippery rig floors.

• When working on superstructures of derricks, etc. Wear safety harness.

• When working above water, wear life jacket.

• For night operations ensure that proper lighting is available.

• Safety with nitrogen

To check this concentration a Precision Oxygen Analyzer must be used:

High Pressure Pumps:

1.1.4 Operational Hints.

1.1.5 H2S Defense.

1.1.6 H2S Service.

1.1.7 H2S Toxicity.

10 PPM 0.001% Working allowed for 8-hr maximum.

1000 PPM 0.1% Unconscious at once, permanent brain damage

1.1.8 H2S Detection.

1. Use of central monitoring unit :

These expensive systems are normally used in heavy, permanent installations.

They can be purchased from general Monitors, Draeger, etc.

Location of H2S detectors and alarms must be arranged with client.

2. Use of Lead acetate capsule

Their low price allows dense « flaring ».

They are very sensitive to H2S.

They also can be worn by all for individual protection.

Reference: Hydrogen Sulfide Detector, Ref.: 1709, available from:

SAFETY SUPPLY COMPANY

3. Use of sniffers (Draeger) with the proper reactive tube :

67 19001 (1 to 20 PPM H2S)

DRAEGER H2S REACTIVE TUBE

For lower ranges of freactive tube

1.1.9 H2S Protection.

The main point to watch is the design of the mask, especially:

Before the job, each a) Short range protection

Each crewmember must be provided

Two spare sets are also requested on location.

ú Any cartridge stored without protective plugs must be discarded.

This type of equipment is preferably purchased locally.

In selecting a mask the facility of putting it on should

DRAEGER Type « PARAT » ESCAPE MASK

b) Long range protection.

Example: with a consumption of 30 l/min:

All existing products have an « end of bottle » indicator (sound or visual).

Many of them can be switched over to an air supply pipe.

They can be used in any climatic environment.

Here again we would suggest local purchase of equipment.

For your information, we recommend:

2 Sets of INDEPENDENT BREATHING APPARTUS MUST BE GIVEN TO THE CREW

- Apparatus to be connected a general air supply pipe.

The hose can easily be cut, and poison gas inhaled.