 Mutiny- REBELLION AGAINST THE PROPER
AUTHORITIES, ESPECIALLY BY SOLDIERS
AGAINST THEIR OFFICERS
Carlos de la Torre
 The governor general before Rafael
Izquierdo
 Because of his style of ruling, he was
accused by his fellow Spaniards for letting
the Filipino rebel.
Rafael Izquierdo
 Spanish Governor- General
 Conservatism was added in his style of
ruling.
 All the projects and reforms of de la Torre
was removed by Rafael.
 He introduced new reforms including a tax
of Filipinos serving in the Army, requiring
them to pay a tax for their service and force
them into labor.
Principal organizers of Cavite itself
 Sgt. Fernando La Madrid
-Mestizo sergeant
-Killed in the suppression in the revolt.
 Cavite mutiny was on January 20, 1872
 In January of 1872, when the soldiers
received their pay with the new tax taken
out, all hell broke out as they were furious
with the new change.
 At Fort San Felipe (Spanish Arsenal in
Cavite), the soldiers began their uprising.
 200 Philippine soldiers proceeded to take
the entire fort, killing 11 Spanish soldiers in
the process.
 Octavo’s confession
- Octavo testified that the rebellion was
scheduled to begin on January 20.
-However, Octavo testified that he did not
know any signal agreed upon for the start of
the rebellion.
 The Philippine soldiers were under the
belief that they would have support from
Manila to start an all-out uprising against
the Spanish.
 Once word of the uprising in Cavite reached
the Spanish in Manila, the Spanish army
quickly sent an entire regiment to Cavite led
by General Felipe Ginovès. The Spanish laid
siege to the captured fort until all of the
mutineers surrendered.
 Once the fort was back under Spanish
control, Ginovès all mutineers to be
executed.
 Mutineers were imprisoned. The prisoners
were later exiled to the Philippine island of
Mindanao.
GOMBURZA
 Executed on February 17, 1872
In Bagumbayan Field in Manila during
Cavite mutiny in the 19th century.
 Garrote was a barbaric Spanish
method of execution in which an
iron collar was tightened around the
prisoner’s neck until death
occurred.)
 The fathers Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora were very active when it
came to pushing for changes in the
way the church was run in colonial
Philippines. At that time, the church
was still heavily led by Spanish friars
and religious orders despite the
declaration of secularization of
1774. The priests were also aware of
the unfair treatment of Spain
toward ordinary Filipinos and did
not hesitate to voice out their
concerns through demonstrations
and publications.
 The three martyr priests were
members of the Committee of
Reformers that campaigned for
changes in the way the country was
run. Because of their consistent
clash with Spain’s ideals, they were
considered filibusteros or agitators.
However, they were popular figures
 and priests to boot, it was not so
easy for Spain to just put them in
front of a firing squad.
Mariano Gomez (1799-1872)
 Born in Sta. Cruz, Manila on August 2,1799
 Parents: Francisco Gomez and
Martina Custodio.
 Aged 25, designated as the head priest of
Bacoor, Cavite.
 Fr. Gomez was responsible for publishing
the newspaper La Verdad, meaning The
Truth. Served as the voice of the Filipino
propagandists against the Spanish
colonizers.
 First to be executed on February 17, 1872.
Jacinto Zamora (1835-1872)
 Born on August 14, 1835
 Born in Pandacan, Manila
 Parents: Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del
Rosario
 He was a Filipino secular priest.
 Led a campaign against the abusive Spanish
friars and fought for equal rights among
priests.
 The Filipino priests loved and admired
Father Zamora. But the Spanish friars
detested him. They hatched a plan to get
even with him
 They accused him of collaborating with the
rebels who led an uprising in Cavite.
Jose Apolinario Burgos (1837-1872)
 Born on February 9, 1837 in Vigan, Ilocos
Sur
 His father was Jose Burgos, a Spanish
lieutenant in the Spanish militia of the
Ilocos, and his mother was Florencia Garcia,
a native of Vigan.
 Last victim that morning wherein his death
was the most dramatic.
 Continued the struggles started by his
professor (Fr. Pedro Pelaez-died in an
earthquake that destroyed the Manila
Cathedral in 1863.)
 Exerted all efforts to defend the Filipino
clergy from all attacks by the Spanish
regulars.
 Asserted that the Filipino priest were
qualified to administer the parishes.
 Appealed to the Spanish Queen (Queen
Isabella II) to give the Filipino priest the
chance to prove that they could equal the
Spanish regulars.
Purpose of the Cavite Revolt
The purpose was to put to death all Spaniards and
to proclaim a provisional government under Father
Burgos, to prepare the way for a more permanent
government.
The Spanish Perspective of the Cavite mutiny
 Causes were enumerated by them including
the Spanish Revolution which overthrew
the secular throne, dirty propagandas
proliferated by unrestrained press,
democratic, liberal and republican books
and pamphlets reaching the Philippines,
and most importantly, the presence of the
native clergy who out of animosity against
the Spanish friars, “conspired and
supported” the rebels and enemies of
Spain.
Anonymous letter sent to Izquerdo
“I make known to you that, as I was informed this
very night, in the market here (Cavite) and in the
walls (Intramuros) on Friday or Saturday of this
week they will fire a cannon shot in the fort of
Manila, the sign of a revolt against the Spaniards.
They are taking this occasion since the squadron is
not here. The one who is acting as head of the
revolt is the Very Reverend Father Burgos in
Manila, and in Cavite the artillery sergeants and the
corporate of the native marines. “
 Izquierdo had no need of such a story to put
him on the alert, for on Jan. 19 he had
already received an anonymous letter, as
had the acting commander of the navy,
telling of a revolt planned for that night or
the next, simultaneously in Manila and
Cavite, and he was still on alert.
 The Izquierdo deemed that the event of
1872 was planned earlier and was thought
of it as a big conspiracy among educated
leaders, mestizos, Abogadillos or native
lawyers, residents of Manila and Cavite and
the native clergy. They insinuated that the
conspirators of Manila and Cavite planned
to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers to
be followed by the massacre of the friars.
 When the news reached the iron-fisted Gov.
Izquierdo, he readily ordered the
reinforcement of the Spanish forces in
Cavite to quell the revolt. The “revolution”
was easily crushed when the expected
reinforcement from Manila did not come
ashore.
Jose Montero y Vidal
 Born on January 28, 1851
 Went to Madrid, to study jurisprudence
 Worked in the Ministry of Development and
Overseas.
 Developed an essay and literary work
focused on the history, geography and
ethnography of the Philippines, an area in
which he stood out as one of the greatest
specialists of the last third of the 19th
century.
 Is a prolific Spanish historian documented
the event and highlighted it as an attempt
of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
 Permanent War Council immediately
conducted investigation.
 Spanish hit Zamora because of his relation
with Burgos, and had conflict once with the
friars at Church.
 Longest and closest in time to the events of
the mutiny.
 His version was considered as the “official
version”
 Cavite was part of a larger revolution
planned by Burgos, Gomez and Vidal
 “Some individuals of the navy”
 Two officers: Morquecho and Jose
Montesinas – commanded the revolting
artillerymen
 Izquierdo blamed the unruly Spanish Press
for “stockpiling” malicious propagandas
grasped by the Filipinos.
 He reported to the King of Spain that the
“rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish
government to install a new “hari” in the
likes of Fathers Burgos and Zamora.
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
 Born on April 13, 1857 and Died on March
26, 1925
 Filipino scholar and researcher
 In his point of view, the incident was a mere
mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and
laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned
out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of
their privileges.
 Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s
cold-blooded policies such as the abolition
of privileges of the workers and native army
members of the arsenal and the prohibition
of the founding of school of arts and trades
for the Filipinos, which the general believed
as a cover-up for the organization of a
political club.
 Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and
Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a
powerful lever by magnifying it as a full-
blown conspiracy involving not only the
native army but also included residents of
Cavite and Manila, and more importantly
the native clergy to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
 Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid
government came to believe that the
scheme was true without any attempt to
investigate the real facts or extent of the
alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo
and the friars.
 Convicted educated men who participated
in the mutiny were sentenced life
imprisonment while members of the native
clergy headed by the GOMBURZA were
tried and executed by garrote.
 A Response to Injustice: The Filipino
Version of the Incident by Trinidad Pardo  According to someone else the flag was
de Tavera white (upper stripe ) and red ( lower stripe).
 In his point of view, the incident was a mere  The white and red flag probably was not a
mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and rebel flag, was simply the flag of the
laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned Marictime Province of the Philippines who
out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of flown on the Spanish Arsenal de Cavite.
their privileges.
 Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s
cold-blooded policies such as the abolition
of privileges of the workers and native army
members of the arsenal and the prohibition
of the founding of school of arts and trades
for the Filipinos, which the general believed
as a cover-up for the organization of a
political club.
 Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and
Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a
powerful lever by magnifying it as a full-
blown conspiracy involving not only the
native army but also included residents of
Cavite and Manila, and more importantly
the native clergy to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
 It is noteworthy that during the time, the
Central Government in Madrid announced
its intention to deprive the friars of all the
powers of intervention in matters of civil
government and the direction and
management of educational
institutions. This turnout of events was
believed by Tavera, prompted the friars to
do something drastic in their dire desire to
maintain power in the Philippines.
 Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid
government came to believe that the
scheme was true without any attempt to
investigate the real facts or extent of the
alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo
and the friars.
 Convicted educated men who participated
in the mutiny were sentenced life
imprisonment while members of the native
clergy headed by the GOMBURZA were
tried and executed by garrote.

 According to some oral accounts the flag of

the rebels was red with a square field.