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Aerodynamics
Peter Ewing
Agenda
Pre-processing
Solver Settings
Post-processing
Automated Data Extraction
Plotting
Scenes
Automated Reporting
Agenda
Pre-processing
Geometry Origin/Import
STAR-CCM+ Parts
Geometries ultimately conglomerate in Parts
– Laser scans, extracted mesh topology
– External CAD modelers, e.g. CATIA, NX
– STAR-CCM+ 3D-CAD
– Mesh Operation Parts
Direct Link
SolidWorks Parameter Transfer
– CAD Exchange
– X_B /X_T then STP/STEP
– DBS, STL, IGES
Pre-processing
Body
Body
Example of hypersonic domain for
Mach 12 sphere
Axis or Symmetry
Import Prep Surface Volume
Wrapping
What does it do?
– Enables fast turn-around of broken geometry
– Standard use case is for unification of assemblies of
“broken” (i.e. not clean and closed) Parts
Keep in Mind:
– It’s like sewing up a bundle of triangles: Connect dots, zip edges
– Goal is to create a manifold, air-tight surface
Pre-processing
Pre-processing
Polyhedral mesh:
– Aerospace cases mesh in serial
– Pseudo-random orientation of faces
reduces numerical dissipation
– Smooth growth away from bodies
– Optimizer can increase mesh quality Lockheed Martin Public Release: ORL201102002
Polyhedral Controls
– If Volume Growth Rate ‘On’
• Volume Growth Rate to 1.2
• Maximum cell size to characteristic length Growth Rate On
Off
– Mesh Density
• Leave at defaults
– If a volume control exists in the mesh
• Volumetric Control Blending to 0.5
HLPW4
U+
– Implicitly assumes that the boundary layer is turbulent 10
and will try to reproduce the log layer behavior
5
O-Grid, Retract
O-Grid, No Retract
Original Refined
Pre-processing
Solver Settings
Laminar
– Navier Stokes Equations solved directly
without any turbulence model
– Low-speed to supersonic simulations will
not likely use this
– Hypersonic simulations that are not
interested in boundary layer will choose
in conjunction with a high y+ (>100) mesh
ALM: Bow shocks on re-entry of the Crew Exploration Vehicle
Physics Solvers
What can you get in a 2D vs. 3D simulation?
2D Simulation Enables:
– Fast testing for unknown physics phenomena
• Shock position for grid refinement
• Solver settings
– Simulations for 3D axisymmetric shapes
– RANS/URANS turbulence modelling
• Transition location using − , − _
• Onset of trailing edge stall
3D Simulation Enables:
– RANS, URANS, DES, LES
– Complex geometry interactions
– Stall Prediction
Physics Solvers
Unsteady Time Stepping
U(t)
T/20 is a
Time (t) good start
Physics Solvers
Agenda
Pre-processing
Solver Settings
Physics Solvers
Solver Settings: Hypersonic (Ma > 4)
Physics Solvers
Grid Sequencing Initialization (GSI)
Wrapped Rocket GSI
After
Initial GSI
Condition
GSI Input:
– Physics Continuum Initial Conditions
1000 Iterations
How it Works:
– Runs the Euler equations on successively
refined series of grids, from coarse grid to
finest (real) grid
Result:
– Field starts at near-flight conditions
Recommended Settings:
– Sweeps per grid level = 200
– Tolerance = 0.005
Notes
– No reason for special velocity initial
conditions
– Develops preliminary shock locations
Physics Solvers
Continuity Convergence Accelerator
“Continuity Convergence Acceleration of
When: a Density-Based Coupled Algorithm,”
– High Mach number aerodynamic cases Caraeni et al., AIAA Fluid Dynamics
Conference, 24 - 27 June 2013, San
Diego, CA
CCA Input:
– Updated Coupled Solver flow field
With CCA
How it works:
– Solves an elliptic equation for pressure corrections
– Updates the cell pressures (w/underrelaxation)
– Corrects the face mass fluxes and cell velocities
– Updates density, total enthalpy, etc. appropriately Without CCA
Results:
– Can result in faster convergence for stiff problems
• Mixed high Mach and low Mach numbers
• Internal compressible flows
• Temperature dependent properties
Settings:
– URF typically set 0.1 - 0.3
Physics Solvers
Agenda
Pre-processing
Solver Settings
Post-processing
Automated Data Extraction
Plotting
Scenes
Automated Reporting
Interpreting the Residuals
Mission statement: Simulations should be as accurate as possible.
– Residual values are a global metric of convergence
– Local convergence may get lost when only using residual values
Post
Optimate & External Aero
Benefits:
– Automated sweeps
• 3D-CAD parameterization
• CAD-client bi-directional capability
– Fire-and-forget
– Reduces burden on heavy scripting
• Small pieces of JAVA can be inserted into process
– Rotating the coordinate systems
– Visualization of large data sets
• Post-processing is collected in single tool
• Visualize multi-variable interactions
Post
Post-Process Interactively on a Cluster
Common practice to post-/troubleshoot on special big-memory
machines
– External aerodynamics cases can be more than 20M cells
– Difficult to run multiple iterations for troubleshooting purposes
• Download, identify mesh issues, remesh, re-submit to queue,
crash, re-download, make rhetorical statement: “There’s got to be another way.”
Benefits:
– Increased framerates
– Volume rendering
– Line Integral Convolutions
28.8M cell DPW4 model on 4 nodes @ 64 cores
Client location: Los Angeles, CA
Server location: Detroit, MI
Post
Agenda
Pre-processing
Solver Settings
Post-processing
Automated Data Extraction
Plotting
Scenes
Automated Reporting
Thank You