Week 3 Literature Review

RebeccaAnne Edelman
Wake Forest University
CNS 786
Dr. Scholl
July 16, 2017
Article 1: Administrative Crisis Consultation After 9/11 A University’s Systems Response

1: Summary: The main objective of this article is to "provide administrative consultation to

enhance the crisis problem-solving of the consultees and to collaborate on an action plan for a

system-level, psychologically oriented crisis intervention" (Knotek, 2006, pg. 162). Essentially,

the writer of this article is using program centered administrative consultation (PCAC) to

organize the systems and people that oversee the process to provide crisis counseling to people

on the eastern seaboard post 9/11. The main goal of this consultation was to "provide

administrative consultation to enhance the crisis problem-solving of the consultees and to

collaborate on an action plan for a system-level, psychologically oriented crisis intervention"

(Knotek, 2006, pg. 162). The consultation was used to better organize and enhance the program

and those overseeing it to provide those seeking resources with the best outcomes and aid. These

changes and consultation were made at an administrative level to allow those organizing the

process to be better prepared to fulfill needs in the ever-present crisis the 9/11 brought on.

2: Synthesis of how the article connects with our readings on consultation theories: This

article directly correlates with our readings and research as it directly influences and applies

Program-Centered Administrative Consultation. They used this theory, PCAC, to aid the

program's administration in quick program development through the crisis situation they were

presented to enhance effectiveness of services and how they were offered to those in need of

them. (Scott, 2014, pg. 176) In this case, those within a 150-mile radius of the mid-Atlantic

seaboard; specifically, the tristate area of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. (Knotek,

2006, pg. 163)

3: Limitations of the article: Within crisis counseling it is hard to decipher who the client and

who is the consultee. This is mainly because even those organizing and treating are also affected
by the crisis as large as 9/11 was. Another limitation is also that only college students examined

and had the model used on. (Knotek, 2006, pg. 163) This is a limitation because it would be

difficult to know how this works for those outside of the university setting. The first response to

the events of 9/11 also left many of the population to cope and deal with the events in their own

way as formal mental health support was difficult to access or reach the whole population.

(Knotek, 2006, pg. 164)

4: Implications for counselors: This research allows groups that deal with crisis to have a better

understanding of how to build their leadership roles and programs to better cope with the needs

of those they are giving aid to. The use of PCAC directly aids in the dynamic environment that

crisis aid can be. This is mainly because it focuses on building and bettering the existing action

plan. It also improves the ability of the "consultees across the strata of an organization to meet

the demands of the situation" (Knotek, 2006, pg. 166).

5: Implications for the client: The main implication this has on the client is to aid in building a

better, more organized, geared support system in a time of crisis. The overarching group that this

information is being applied to deals with crisis situations on a regular basis. By building their

system and leadership similar to that don in Knotek's writings, it will allow them to better

manage their organizational needs along with the needs of those seeking crisis aid from them.

Article 2: Collaborative Public Administration and Administrative Procedures: The

Administrative Consultation Wiki

1: General Summary: This writing, Kovac explains and examines the model of administrative

consultation wiki/PACA and those that use it when making legal and complex decision-making

matters. "Users are primarily officials, who run procedures facing complex situations that they
cannot resolve by themselves due to unclear legislation or lack of experiences" (Kovac, 2015, pg.

971) ACW is an administrative based consultation networking platform where those in positions

of power can seek PCAC guidance. Kovac and Sever analyze the administrative process in

complex decision making of those making legal based and complicated decisions. This method is

evaluated by the "holders’ goals, a survey of users, and a SWOT analysis, which determined it to

be one of the possible ways to systematically enhance the collaboration of PA stakeholders in the

form of partnerships and networking in order to strive for good public government and

governance" (Kovac, 2015, pg. 971).

2: Synthesis of how the article connects with our readings on consultation theories: This

article directly connects our readings on consultation theory as it uses PCAC to aid those in

administrative, decision making positions. It uses PCAC to aid in the development of the

decision-making process of the political aspects of the governance body and their performance.

(Scott, 2014, pg. 178)

3: Limitations of the article: The main limitation of this writing is that it predominantly

revolves around political and legal aspects in collaborative and PCAC consultation. However,

this can still be applicable to the Wings of Hope organization in the aspect of the procedures and

position descriptions of their executive board. "We assume the ACW as a networking platform

aimed at collaborative administration has positive results, but also certain limitations,

particularly as regards the level of collaboration in relation to possible misuses, risks, and

tensions" (Kovac, 2015, pg. 985). There is also a concern of this being a network based platform

as opposed to an in-person assessment. It still seems unclear how the limited personal contact

plays a role in the process.

4: Implications for counselors: The main implication of this article is that it provides a new,

more technological based use for performing PCAC. PCAC can now be done through

networking platforms rather than in person. This method does however allow the opportunity for

"[c]ross-discipline and cross-field integration of knowledge and skills in order to solve

administrative problems in a given life event (i.e. legal, managerial, information-related,

organizational, HR, and other professional aspects)" (Kovac, 2015, pg. 987).

5: Implications for clients: The largest implication for the client is that it allows for more

perspectives, specializations, and combined integration of information to better aid those seeking

services. It allows for "[c]ooperation and collaboration between different entities, i.e.

administrative authorities vs. individuals and the general public in the consensual resolution of

concrete administrative issues despite being bearers of different legal interests (the cognitive

aspect)" (Kovac, 2015, pg. 987). This will allow for a better understanding of the publics needs

so that the Wings of Hope administrative board can effectively govern and meet the needs of

those seeking aid.

Article 3: Journeys to school leadership: How action learning identified what participants

valued in a year-long Australian leadership development program centered on principles of

good practice

1: General Summary: The main purpose to the writings presented by McCulla and Degenhardt

is that by implementing the flagship program they are analyzing, it will essentially improve the

leadership within the Australian school board. This flagship program is based on PCAC and the

notion that "leadership is both an inner journey of growing self-awareness and personal mastery

as well as an outer journey of acquisition of appropriate knowledge and skills, and engagement

with a range of people and contexts" (McCulla, 2016, pg. 562). Through using PCAC, the
flagship program can aid in developing leadership, organization, and multiculturalism throughout

the consultation process.

2: Synthesis of how the article connects with our readings on consultation theories: This

article connects to our class readings on consultation theory because it uses PCAC to create a

"well-thought-out action plan with recommendations targeted at resolving problems related to

mental health programming or organizational functioning" (Scott, 2014, pg. 178). The writings

presented by McCulla And Degenhard targets problem solving using PCAC on an administrative

level in the Australian School board system to allow for better programing and outreach within

the schools themselves. This is essentially a comparison to the goals of Wings of Hope.

3: Limitations of the article: One of the main limitations in the flagship program and the use of

PCAC in this particular situation is that "the program is indeed a holistic one and that,

particularly where collaborative and participative research methodologies are in use, participant

responses are therefore both holistic and individualised(sic.)" (McCulla, 2016, pg. 573). The

second main limitation expressed it that of the "halo effect." "As participants are fully engaged

with The Flagship Program... we have been able to work with participants to share their

individual and collective journeys at a point in time, their journey in another sense is only just

starting" (McCulla, 2016, pg. 573). Monitoring the long-term implications, the program impacts

has not yet been recorded. In one sense, consultation may be completed, but in another, how that

consultation fully influences are not yet known.

4: Implications for counselors: As a counselor, the main implications of this writing is that it

gives knowledge to aid in the advancement of leadership in today's society and how to consult a

client with this information. It also addresses holistic approaches and individualized reflective

learning processes. This will allow for the consultant to better learn the needs of the consultee,
those in the leadership roles they are aiding, and the specific clients that seek aid from them to

better build and develop their organization.

5: Implications for clients: This program and method allows for a more supported network for

the consultee and those they are working with. "From a diversity of starting points with regard to

personal and professional experience as well as school roles, participants were able to share

common experiences through the program structures, feel supported by a collegial network, yet

determine and act on implications at a personal level" (McCulla, 2016, pg. 267). In application to

Wings of Hope, this program would allow the board and those they aid to feel more connected

and supported amongst themselves if applied to the development and structure of the executive

board.
 Works Cited

Knotek, S. (2006). Administrative crisis consultation after 9/11: A university's systems response.
Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,58(3), 162-173.
doi:10.1037/1065-9293.58.3.162 http://ac.els-
cdn.com.go.libproxy.wakehealth.edu/0022440582900541/1-s2.0-0022440582900541-
main.pdf?_tid=a074a19a-69ca-11e7-a676-
00000aacb362&acdnat=1500170645_aad4ea6051da584299e7bccd179c3122

Kovac, P., & Sever, T. (2015). COLLABORATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES: THE ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTATION
WIKI.Teorija in Praksa, 52(5), 971-992,1006-1007. Retrieved from
http://go.libproxy.wakehealth.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-
com.go.libproxy.wakehealth.edu/docview/1785501011?accountid=14868
Mcculla, N., & Degenhardt, L. (2015). Journeys to school leadership. Educational Management
Administration & Leadership,44(4), 558-577. doi:10.1177/1741143214558574
http://journals.sagepub.com.go.libproxy.wakehealth.edu/doi/full/10.1177/174114321455
8574
Scott, D. A. (2014). Counselor as Consultant. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.