Chapter 11

Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

1. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point?
A) Br2 B) Cl2 C) F2 D) I2
Ans: D Category: Easy Section: 11.2
2. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the lowest melting point?
A) BrI B) CsI C) LiI D) NaI E) RbI
Ans: A Category: Easy Section: 11.2
3. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point?
A) HBr B) HCl C) HF D) HI
Ans: C Category: Easy Section: 11.2
4. Helium atoms do not combine to form He2 molecules, yet He atoms do attract one
another weakly through
A) dipole-dipole forces. D) dipole-induced dipole forces.
B) ion-dipole forces. E) hydrogen bonding.
C) dispersion forces.
Ans: C Category: Medium Section: 11.2
5. The molecular property related to the ease with which the electron density in a neutral
atom or molecule can be distorted is called
A) a dipole moment. D) surface tension.
B) polarizability. E) a van der Waals force.
C) a dispersion force.
Ans: B Category: Easy Section: 11.2
6. Which one of the following substances will have both dispersion forces and dipole-dipole
forces?
A) HCl B) BCl3 C) Br2 D) H2 E) CO2
Ans: A Category: Medium Section: 11.2
7. Which one of the following substances should exhibit hydrogen bonding in the liquid
state?
A) PH3 B) H2 C) H2S D) CH4 E) NH3
Ans: E Category: Medium Section: 11.2
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8. Which two properties are more typical of molecular compounds than of ionic
compounds?
1. They are gases or liquids at room temperature.
2. They have high melting points.
3. Solids do not conduct electricity, but liquids do.
4. Atoms share electrons.
A) 1 and 4 B) 1 and 3 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 3 and 4
9. Which of the following substances should have the highest boiling point?
A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2
Ans: D Category: Medium Section: 11.2
10. Which of the following substances should have the lowest boiling point?
A) CBr4 B) CBr3F C) CBr2F2 D) CBrF3 E) CF4
11. Which of the following liquids would have the highest viscosity at 25°C?
A) CH3OCH3 B) CH2Cl2 C) C2H5OH D) CH3Br E) HOCH2CH2OH
12. Which of the following liquids would have the lowest viscosity at 25°C?
Ans: A
Category: Medium Section: 11.3
13. Which of the following characteristics indicates the presence of weak intermolecular
forces in a liquid?
A) a low heat of vaporization D) a high boiling point
B) a high critical temperature E) None of the above.
C) a low vapor pressure
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14. Which of the following properties indicates the presence of weak intermolecular forces in
a liquid?
A) a high heat of vaporization D) a high boiling point
B) a high critical temperature E) None of the above.
C) a high vapor pressure
15. Which of the following properties indicates the presence of strong intermolecular forces
in a liquid?
A) a low heat of vaporization D) a low boiling point
B) a low critical temperature E) None of the above.
C) a low vapor pressure
16. For which of the following species are the intermolecular interactions entirely due to
dispersion forces?
A) C2H6 B) CH3OCH3 C) NO2 D) H2S E) CaNO3
17. For which of the following species are the dispersion forces strongest?
A) C4H10 B) C5H12 C) C6H14 D) C7H16 E) C8H18
18. Each of the following substances is a liquid at –50°C. Place these liquids in order of
increasing vapor pressure: dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), propane (C3H8), and ethanol
(CH3CH2OH).
A) ethanol < propane < dimethyl ether D) dimethyl ether < ethanol < propane
B) ethanol < dimethyl ether < propane E) propane < ethanol < dimethyl ether
C) propane < dimethyl ether < ethanol
Ans: B Category: Medium Section: 11.8
19. Which of the following would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room
temperature?
A) ethanol, bp = 78°C C) water, bp = 100°C
B) methanol, bp = 65°C D) acetone, bp = 56°C
20. Which of the following would be expected to have the lowest vapor pressure at room
temperature?
A) ethanol, bp = 78°C C) water, bp = 100°C
B) methanol, bp = 65°C D) acetone, bp = 56°C
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21. Given the following liquids and their boiling points, which has the highest vapor pressure
at its normal boiling point?
A) ethanol, bp = 78°C
B) methanol, bp = 65°C
C) water, bp = 100°C
D) benzene, bp = 80°C
E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the
same.
22. Choose the response that lists the member of each of the following pairs that has the
higher boiling point.
(I) H2O or KI (II) HF or HI (III) Cl2 or Br2
A) H2O, HF, and Cl2 D) H2O, HI, and Cl2
B) KI, HF, and Br2 E) KI, HF, and Cl2
C) KI, HI, and Br2
23. Arrange the following in order of increasing boiling point: RbCl, CH3Cl, CH3OH, CH4.
A) CH3OH < CH3Cl < RbCl < CH4 D) CH4 < CH3OH < CH3Cl < RbCl
B) CH3OH < CH4 < CH3Cl < RbCl E) CH4 < CH3Cl < CH3OH < RbCl
C) RbCl < CH3Cl < CH3OH < CH4
24. Krypton has a higher melting point than argon because of its
A) hydrogen bonding. D) ionic bonds.
B) stronger dispersion forces. E) greater ionization energy.
C) permanent dipole moment.
state?
A) PH3 B) He C) H2S D) CH4 E) CH3OH
state?
A) SiH4 B) H2 C) H2S D) CH4 E) CH3NH2
27. Which of the responses includes all of the following that can form hydrogen bonds with
water molecules?
(1) Na+ (2) CH3COOH (3) C2H6 (4) CH3NH2
A) (1) and (2) B) (1) and (3) C) (2) and (3) D) (2) and (4) E) (3) and (4)
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28. Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding?
A) S B) O C) F D) N
29. Which of the following substances would have the highest critical temperature?
A) CH3Cl B) C2H6 C) F2 D) H2 E) CO2
30. Each of the following substances is a gas at 25°C and 1 atmosphere pressure. Which one
will liquefy most easily when compressed at a constant temperature?
A) F2 B) H2 C) HF D) SiH4 E) Ar
31. Which of the following is not true with regard to water?

A) Water has a high heat capacity.
B) Water has an unusually high boiling point.
C) Water can form hydrogen bonds.
D) Ice is more dense than liquid water.
E) Water is a polar molecule.
32. Which property of water allows a razor blade to float on it without sinking?
A) viscosity B) surface tension C) density D) specific heat E) triple point
33. An example of a covalent network solid is

A) diamond. D) sodium chloride.
B) potassium. E) None of these.
C) iodine.
34. Which one of the following is an example of a covalent network solid?

A) SiO2 B) K C) I2 D) CaCl2 E) None of these.
35. The structural form of the element Ge closely resembles the structure of
A) C (diamond). D) S (S8 ring).
B) N (diatomic). E) Kr (monatomic).
C) As (tetrahedral).
36. Which one of the following substances crystallizes as a molecular solid?

A) KI B) SiO2 C) Sn D) CH3OH E) Al2(SO4)3
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37. Butter melts over a range of temperature, rather than with a sharp melting point. Butter is
classified as a/an
A) metallic crystal. D) amorphous solid.
B) covalent solid. E) ionic crystal.
C) molecular crystal.
38. Which one of the following substances crystallizes as a covalent crystal?

A) CaO B) SiO2 C) CO2 D) Pb E) KMnO4
39. Which one of the following crystallizes in a metallic lattice?

A) C B) NaMnO4 C) K D) LiClO4 E) K2Cr2O7
40. The number of atoms in a body-centered cubic unit cell is

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
41. The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
42. Silver metal crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice with L as the length of one edge
of the unit cube. The center-to-center distance between nearest silver atoms is
1
A) L/2 B) 2 1 2 L C) 2L D) L 2 2 E) None of the above.
Ans: D Category: Difficult Section: 11.4
43. The number of nearest neighbors (atoms that make contact) around each atom in a face-
centered cubic lattice of a metal is
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12
44. Potassium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. How many atoms are there per
unit cell?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
45. Palladium crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell. Its density is 12.0 g/cm3 at 27°C.
Calculate the atomic radius of Pd.
A) 138 pm D) 154 pm
B) 1.95  10–8 nm E) 0.109 nm
C) 1.95  10 cm –8
Ans: A Category: Difficult Section: 11.4
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46. Vanadium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice, and the length of the edge of a
unit cell is 305 pm. What is the density of V?
A) 5.96 g/cm3 D) 5.96  10–30 g/cm3
B) 2.98 g/cm3 E) 11.9 g/cm3
C) 2.98  10 g/cm–6 3
47. Potassium bromide, KBr, crystallizes like NaCl in a face-centered lattice. The ionic radii
of K+ and Br– ions are 133 pm and 195 pm, respectively. Assuming that all Br– ions are
positioned in the face and corners of the unit cell, while the K+ ions are positioned along
the edge alternating between anions, calculate the length of a unit cell edge.
A) 230 pm B) 328 pm C) 523 pm D) 656 pm E) 780 pm
48. Platinum has a face-centered cubic crystal structure and a density of 21.5 g/cm3. What is
the radius of the platinum atom?
A) 69 pm B) 98 pm C) 139 pm D) 196 pm E) 277 pm
Ans: C Category: Difficult Section: 11.4
49. The zincblende structure of ZnS has the relatively large sulfide ions arranged at the lattice
points of a face-centered cubic structure. The edge length of this cubic unit cell is 540.9
pm. Determine the density of zincblende.
A) 3.081 g/cm3 D) 2.046 g/cm3
B) 1.023 g/cm3 E) 2.032 g/cm3
3
C) 4.091 g/cm
50. The mineral manganosite, manganese(II) oxide, crystallizes in the rock salt structure (the
face-centered structure adopted by NaCl) with a density of 5.365 g/cm3. Find the unit
cell edge length of manganosite.
A) 444.5 pm B) 352.8 pm C) 280.0 pm D) 368.2 pm E) 417.9 pm
51. MgO has the same crystal structure as NaCl, face-centered cubic. How many oxide ions
surround each Mg2+ ion as nearest neighbors?
A) 4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 12
52. The atomic planes in a graphite crystal are separated by 335 pm. At what angle would
you find the first-order (n = 1) diffraction of 0.154 nm X-rays from a graphite crystal?
A) 27.4° B) 66.8° C) 0.232° D) 13.3° E) 2.63°
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53. The triple point of iodine is at 0.12 atm and 115°C. Thus, liquid I2
A) is more dense than I2 (s).
B) cannot exist above 115°C.
C) is liquid at room temperature.
D) cannot have a vapor pressure less than 91 torr.
54. A liquid boils when its

A) vapor pressure is exactly 1 atmosphere.
B) vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the external pressure pushing on it.
C) temperature is equal to 273 K (standard temperature).
D) temperature is greater than room temperature.
55. The heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/g·°C and the heat of vaporization is 40.7
kJ/mol. How many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water
at 67°C into 1.00 g of steam at 100°C?
A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J
56. The specific heat of liquid ethanol, C2H5OH(l), is 2.46 J/g·°C and the heat of vaporization
is 39.3 kJ/mol. The boiling point of ethanol is 78.3 °C. What amount of enthalpy is
required to heat 50.0 g of liquid ethanol from 23.0 °C to ethanol vapor at 78.3 °C?
A) 42.7 kJ B) 49.5 kJ C) 179 kJ D) 1970kJ E) 6840 kJ
57. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of CHCl3.
A) 19°C B) 52°C C) 60°C D) 64°C E) 70°C

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58. Which of the following is not an endothermic process?

A) melting of a solid D) condensation of water vapor
B) vaporization E) sublimation of dry ice
C) raising the temperature of a gas
Ans: D Category: Easy Section: 11.8
59. Acetic acid has a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol.
What is the expected value for the heat of sublimation of acetic acid?
A) 35.1 kJ/mol
B) –13.5 kJ/mol
C) +13.5 kJ/mol
D) –35.1 kJ/mol
E) Not enough information is given to answer the question.
60. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2.
A) 92 K
B) 90 K
C) 88 K
D) 84 K
E) O2 doesn't boil because it is always a gas.
61. Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at –20°C to convert it
to liquid water at 60.0°C. Given: specific heat (ice) = 2.1 J/g·°C; specific heat (water) =
4.18 J/g·°C; Hfus = 6.0 kJ/mol.
A) 420 J B) 2,900 J C) 6,300 J D) 63 kJ E) 7.5 J
62. Calculate the amount of heat needed to melt 2.00 kg of iron at its melting point (1,809 K),
given that Hfus = 13.80 kJ/mol.
A) 494 kJ B) 27,600 kJ C) 27.6 kJ D) 27,600 J E) 25,000 kJ
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63. What mass of water would need to evaporate from your skin in order to dissipate 1.7 
105 J of heat from your body?
H2O(l)  H2O(g) Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol
A) 7.52  104 g B) 418 g C) 75.2 g D) 58.4 g E) 6.92  106 g
64. How much energy (heat) is required to convert 52.0 g of ice at –10.0°C to steam at
100°C?
specific heat of ice: 2.09 J/g·°C Hfus = 6.02 kJ/mol
specific heat of water: 4.18 J/g·°C Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol
specific heat of steam: 1.84 J/g·°C
A) 2,570 kJ B) 1,086 kJ C) 157.8 kJ D) 40.2 kJ E) 22,957 kJ

65. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon

A) the amount of liquid. D) the temperature.
B) the surface area of the liquid. E) None of the above.
C) the volume of the container.
66. The vapor pressure of ethanol is 400 mmHg at 63.5°C. Its molar heat of vaporization is
39.3 kJ/mol. What is vapor pressure of ethanol, in mmHg, at 34.9°C?
A) 1,510 mmHg D) 0.0099 mmHg
B) 100 mmHg E) 4.61 mmHg
C) 200 mmHg
67. Solid iodine has a vapor pressure of 1.0 mmHg at 39°C. How many moles of iodine will
sublime into a 500. mL flask at this temperature? If the volume of the flask is doubled at
constant temperature, what will happen to the equilibrium vapor pressure of I2? (Assume
some solid I2 is always present in the container.)
A) 2.1  10–4 mol; vapor pressure increases
B) 2.0  10–2 mol; vapor pressure increases
C) 2.6  10–5 mol; no change in vapor pressure
D) 2.1  10–4 mol; no change in vapor pressure
E) 2.6  10–5 mol; vapor pressure decreases
68. 3.59 g of water was introduced into an evacuated 1.50 L flask at 30°C. What mass of
water will evaporate? (Vapor pressure of water at 30°C is 31.82 mmHg.)
A) 0.0455 g B) 0.455 g C) 0.04187 g D) 2.52  10–3 g E) 0.4187 g
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69. Which one of the following elements would have the lowest melting point?
A) Kr B) Br2 C) S8 D) Ca E) K
70. Which of the following gases would have the highest critical temperature?
A) CH4 B) O2 C) CO2 D) NH3 E) Ne
71. The molar heats of sublimation and fusion of iodine are 62.3 kJ/mol and15.3 kJ/mol,
respectively. Calculate the molar heat of vaporization of liquid iodine.
A) 77.6 kJ/mol D) –77.6 kJ/mol
B) 47.0 kJ/mol E) 4.07 kJ/mol
C) –47.0 kJ/mol
72. Octane is a liquid component of gasoline. Given the following vapor pressures of octane
at various temperatures, estimate the boiling point of octane in Leadville, Colorado,
where the atmospheric pressure is 496 mmHg.
400 mmHg @ 104°C, 500 mmHg @ 111°C, 600 mmHg @ 117°C, 700 mmHg @ 122°C,
760 mmHg @ 125°C
A) 125°C B) 120°C C) 115°C D) 110°C E) 105°C
73. Use the following data to determine the molar heat of vaporization of chlorine.
T (°C) –84.5 –71.2 –47.3
P (mmHg) 40.0 100.0 400.0
A) 34,700 J B) 21,900 J C) 317 J D) 712 J E) 9.99 kJ

Ans: B Category: Difficult Section: 11.8
74. The molar enthalpy of vaporization of hexane (C6H14) is 28.9 kJ/mol, and its normal
boiling point is 68.73°C. What is the vapor pressure of hexane at 25°C?
A) 171 torr B) 4.44 torr C) 117 torr D) 3370 torr E) 759 torr
75. The molar enthalpy of vaporization of boron tribromide is 30.5 kJ/mol, and its normal
boiling point is 91°C. What is the vapor pressure of BBr3 at 20°C?
A) 11.5 torr B) 311 torr C) 5.31 torr D) 143 torr E) 66.1 torr
Ans: E Category: Difficult Section: 11.8
76. The molar enthalpy of vaporization of carbon disulfide is 26.74 kJ/mol, and its normal
boiling point is 46°C. What is the vapor pressure of CS2 at 0°C?
A) 447 torr B) 4160 torr C) 313 torr D) 139 torr E) 5.47 torr
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77. The normal boiling point of methanol (CH3OH) is 64.6°C. Given that the vapor pressure
of methanol is 75.0 torr at 15.2°C, calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization of
methanol.
A) 0.383 kJ/mol D) 27.5 kJ/mol
C) 38.0 kJ/mol
78. The normal boiling point of bromine is 58.8°C. Given that the vapor pressure of bromine
is 75.0 torr at 2.5°C, calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization of bromine.
A) 3.76 kJ/mol D) 3.57 kJ/mol
C) 2.90 kJ/mol
Ans: B Category: Difficult Section: 11.8
79. Find the temperature at which water boils on a day in the mountains when the barometric
pressure is 593 mmHg. (Given: the heat of vaporization of water is 40.79 kJ/mol)
A) 93.1°C B) 117°C C) 41.5°C D) 97.0°C E) 68.1°C
80. Find the temperature at which ethanol boils on a day in the mountains when the
barometric pressure is 547 mmHg. (Given: The heat of vaporization of ethanol is 39.3
kJ/mol; the normal boiling point of ethanol is 78.3°C.)
A) 76.5°C B) 69.9°C C) 10.0°C D) 77.9°C E) 74.6°C
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81. Based on the phase diagram shown below, how will the melting point of the substance
change if the pressure is increased above 1 atm?
A) The melting point will decrease.

B) The melting point will remain the same.
C) The melting point will increase.
D) The substance will not melt at pressures of 1 atm and above; instead, the solid
sublimes to form the gas phase.
82. Identify the dominant (strongest) type of intermolecular force present in RbCl(s).
Ans: ionic
83. Identify the dominant (strongest) type of intermolecular force present in H2S(g).
Ans: dipole-dipole
84. Identify the dominant (strongest) type of intermolecular force present in NH3(l).
Ans: hydrogen bonding
85. Identify the dominant (strongest) type of intermolecular force present in Cl2(l).
Ans: dispersion
86. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in F2(l).

Ans: dispersion
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87. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HF(l).

Ans: hydrogen bonding and dispersion
88. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SO2(l).

Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion
89. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in He(l).

Ans: dispersion
90. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6(g).

Ans: dispersion
91. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CHCl3(l).

92. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g).

Ans: dispersion
93. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF4(g).

94. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4(g).

Ans: dispersion
95. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g).

96. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CH3OH(l).

Ans: hydrogen bonding and dispersion
97. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CH2O(g).

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98. Given the following compound and its boiling point, identify whether it is polar or
nonpolar: HCl, –84.9°C.
Ans: polar
nonpolar: F2, –188.1°C.
Ans: nonpolar
nonpolar: Ar, –185.7°C.
Ans: nonpolar
nonpolar: H2S, –60.7°C.
Ans: polar
102. Of the pair of compounds given, which would have the stronger intermolecular forces of
attraction?
H2S or H2Se
Ans: H2Se
attraction?
HF or HCl
Ans: HF
attraction?
CH4 or CH3OH
Ans: CH3OH
attraction?
NH3 or PH3
Ans: NH3
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attraction?
SF4 or C10H22
Ans: C10H22
107. The meniscus for water is curved upward at the edges (i.e., it is “concave up”). Explain
this phenomenon in terms of cohesion and adhesion.
Ans: Adhesion of water to glass is stronger than cohesion within water.
108. Iron crystallizes in a body-centered cubic unit. The edge of this cell is 287 pm. Calculate
the density of iron.
Ans: 7.86 g/cm3
109. Copper crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell. The density of copper is 8.94
g/cm3. Calculate the length of the edge of the unit cell in pm.
Ans: 361 pm
110. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point?
C3H8 or CH3OCH3
Ans: CH3OCH3
CCl4 or CH4
Ans: CCl4
H2Se or H2O
Ans: H2O
CH3Cl or CH4
Ans: CH3Cl
NH3 or CH4
Ans: NH3
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115. Osmium tetroxide, OsO4, is a soft crystal that melts at 40°C. The liquid does not conduct
electricity. What kind of crystal is this?
Ans: Molecular crystal
116. Boron nitride, BN3, melts at approximately at 3,000°C under high pressure. This materal
is almost as hard as diamond. What kind of crystal is this?
Ans: Covalent crystal
117. Crystals of elemental sulfur are easily crushed, and melt at 113°C. Liquid sulfur does not
conduct electricity. What kind of crystal is this?
Ans: Molecular crystal
118. Magnesium oxide, MgO, melts at 2,800°C and is very hard. The liquid conducts
electricity very well. What kind of crystal is this?
Ans: Ionic crystal
119. Sodium iodide, NaI, melts at 651°C. In its liquid state NaI conducts electricity. What
kind of crystal is this?
Ans: Ionic crystal
120. Which is expected to have a higher boiling point, C8H18 or C4H10?

Ans: C8H18
121. Which is expected to have a higher boiling point, C5H12 or C(CH3)4?

Ans: C5H12
122. Methane has a heat of fusion of 0.84 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 9.2 kJ/mol.
Estimate the value for the heat of sublimation.
Ans: 10.0 kJ/mol
123. Ethanol and dimethyl ether have the same molecular formula, C2H6O. Ethanol boils at
78.4°C. Dimethyl ether boils at –23.7°C. Their structural formulas are, respectively,
CH3CH2OH and CH3OCH3. Explain why the boiling point of the ether is so much lower
than the boiling point of ethanol.
Ans: Ethanol is a polar molecule that has stronger attractive forces, hydrogen bonding in
particular, than ether, which is slightly polar but cannot form hydrogen bonds.
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124. Polyethylene plastic consists of long chains of carbon atoms, each of which is also
bonded to hydrogens as shown below:
Water forms beads when placed on a polyethylene surface. Why?

Ans: Water is highly polar and polyethylene is nonpolar. Therefore there is very little
interaction between these compounds. Accordingly, water beads are expected.
125. Which liquid is expected to have the larger surface tension at a given temperature, CCl4
or H2O? Briefly explain.
Ans: Water would have the larger surface tension due to hydrogen bonding between
molecules.
126. Based on the phase diagram shown below, which is more dense: the liquid phase or the
solid phase?
Ans: the solid phase is more dense

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127. What phase exists at the point labeled a?
Ans: solid
128. What phase exists at the point labeled b?
Ans: liquid
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129. What phase exists at the point labeled c?
Ans: gas
130. Suppose the atoms in a two-dimensional crystal have the following arrangement:
On the drawing above, sketch the unit cell of this crystal.
Ans:
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How many atoms are in one unit cell?

Ans: one (each corner of unit cell has one-fourth of an atom)
What is the coordination number of each atom in this crystal?

Ans: four
133. Calculate the amount of enthalpy required to heat 25.0 g of solid benzene (C6H6) at –
10°C to liquid benzene at 20.0°C. Thermodynamic data for benzene: specific heat of
solid benzene = 1.52 J/g·°C; specific heat of liquid benzene = 1.73 J/g·°C; melting point
= 5.5°C; Hfus = 9.9 kJ/mol.
Ans: 4.4 kJ
134. How much enthalpy is necessary to heat 10.0 g of solid benzene (C6H6) at 0.0°C to
benzene vapor at 100°C?
Data for Benzene
melting point 5.5°C
boiling point 80.1°C
specific heat of solid benzene 1.52 J/g·°C
specific heat of liquid benzene 1.73 J/g·°C
specific heat of benzene vapor 1.06 J/g·°C
Hfus 9.9 kJ/mol
Hvap 30.8 kJ/mol
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Ans: 6.8 kJ
135. Given that the heat of vaporization of diethyl ether is 26.0 kJ/mol and the vapor pressure
of diethyl ether is 440 torr at 20.°C, calculate the normal boiling point of diethyl ether.
Ans: 36°C (the actually boiling point is 34.6°C)
136. Given that the heat of vaporization of mercury is 59.0 kJ/mol and the vapor pressure of
mercury is 0.0017 torr at 25°C, calculate the normal boiling point of mercury.
Ans: 380°C (the actually boiling point is 357°C)
137. Octane, C8H18, boils at 125°C as compared to water, which boils at 100°C. This
information suggests that the dispersion forces in nonpolar octane molecules are stronger
than dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding in water.
Ans: True Category: Medium Section: 11.2
138. Ethanol (C2H5 – OH) will have a greater viscosity than ethylene glycol (HO – CH2CH2 –
OH) at the same temperature.
Ans: False Category: Medium Section: 11.3
139. The shape of the water-to-glass meniscus results from the strong adhesive forces between
glass and water.
140. The fact that the density of ice is less than the density of liquid water is due to the
formation of hydrogen bonds.
141. The freezing point of a liquid does not change as the atmospheric pressure changes.
Ans: False Category: Medium Section: 11.9
Page 218

Chapter 11

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Chapter 11

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Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

31. Which of the following is not true with regard to water?

33. An example of a covalent network solid is

34. Which one of the following is an example of a covalent network solid?

36. Which one of the following substances crystallizes as a molecular solid?

38. Which one of the following substances crystallizes as a covalent crystal?

39. Which one of the following crystallizes in a metallic lattice?

40. The number of atoms in a body-centered cubic unit cell is

41. The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is

Ans: A Category: Difficult Section: 11.4

Ans: A Category: Medium Section: 11.4

54. A liquid boils when its

A) 19°C B) 52°C C) 60°C D) 64°C E) 70°C

58. Which of the following is not an endothermic process?

A) 2,570 kJ B) 1,086 kJ C) 157.8 kJ D) 40.2 kJ E) 22,957 kJ

65. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon

A) 34,700 J B) 21,900 J C) 317 J D) 712 J E) 9.99 kJ

A) The melting point will decrease.

86. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in F2(l).

87. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HF(l).

88. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SO2(l).

89. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in He(l).

90. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6(g).

91. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CHCl3(l).

92. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g).

93. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF4(g).

94. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4(g).

95. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g).

96. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CH3OH(l).

97. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CH2O(g).

120. Which is expected to have a higher boiling point, C8H18 or C4H10?

121. Which is expected to have a higher boiling point, C5H12 or C(CH3)4?

Water forms beads when placed on a polyethylene surface. Why?

Ans: the solid phase is more dense

127. What phase exists at the point labeled a?

128. What phase exists at the point labeled b?

129. What phase exists at the point labeled c?

On the drawing above, sketch the unit cell of this crystal.

How many atoms are in one unit cell?

What is the coordination number of each atom in this crystal?

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