IT 111 Lecture

COMPUTER DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Is an electronic programmable device that can
store process data to provide and retrieve a INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
meaningful information
It is an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own INPUT - The initial data or input data are preparing in
memory, that can accept data, process the data some convenient form for processing.
according to specified rules, produce results,
and store the result. PROCESS -Input design data are changed and usually
combined with other information.
ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER
OUTPUT - Are results of the processing steps are
1. E = Electronic collected.
2. P = Programmable
3. S = Store COMPUTER HISTORY
4. P = Process ABACUS
5. R = Retrieve 4th Century BC
A simple counting aid may have been invented
DATA in Babylonia (Iraq)
 It is a collection of unprocess items which can
include text, numbers, images, audio, video. BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662)
 It is the gold of 21st Century In, 1642, the French mathematician and
philosopher Blaise Pascal invented a calculating
device that would come to be called the The
INFORMATION Adding Machine
 It a processed data Originally called a NUMERICAL WHEEL
 Conveys meaning an it useful to people CALCULATOR or the PASCALINE.

ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER CHARLES BABBAGE

1. S - Speed Born in 1791, and was an mathematician and
2. R - Reliability professor.
3. C - Consistency He was considered to be the FATHER OF
4. S - Storage COMPUTING.
5. C - Communication With CHARLES BABBAGE creation of the
ANALYTICAL ENGINE (1833)
DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER Analytical Engine - contained an ARITHMETIC
1. V - Violation of Privacy LOGIC UNIT (ALU) a complex digital circuit.
2. P - Public Safety
3. I - Impact of Labor Force DOUGLAS ENGELBERT
4. H - Health Risk An American Engineer and inventor
5. I - Impact of Environment He invented computer MOUSE in 1963, it was
made of WOOD
DATA PROCESSING
 It is the manipulation of data into a more useful CATEGORIES OF PROCESSING
form.
 Includes not only numbers/numerical calculations 1. M - MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING
but also operations such as the classification of data uses a combination of manual procedures
and the transmission of data from one place to and mechanical equipment.
another.
2. E - ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
Different types of input, output and storage
development are connected to an
electronic computer are connected to an
electronic computer to process data.
 IT 111 Lecture
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS
1. R - RECORDING
o refers to the transfer of data onto some
form of document
2. V - VERIFYING
o A careful checking of any errors from
the recorded data.
3. D - DUPLICATING
o Reproducing of data into many forms or
document
4. C - CLASSIFYING
o This operation separates data into
various categories.
5. S - SORTING
o Arranging the data in specific order
6. C - CALCULATING
o Arithmetic manipulation of data
7. S - SUMMARIZING AND REPORTING
o Reducing masses of data to a usable
form
8. M - MERGING
o Takes two more sets of data, all sets
having been sorted by the same key
and puts them together to form a single
sorted set of data
9. S - STORING
o Placing similar data into files for a
future references.
10. R - RETRIEVING
o Recovering stored data and/or
information when needed.
TWO COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
1. HARDWARE -it is tangible or the physical part of
the computer.
a. I - Input Device - any hardware compo-
nent that allows you to enter
instruction. Eg. Keyboard, mouse, mic
camera etc.
b. O - Output Device - hardware that
conveys information to one or more
people.
Eg. monitor, printer, speaker, projector
c. S - System Unit (includes processor ) - it
was a case that contains component of
the computer that are used to process
data.
d. S- Storage Device - holds data, instruc-
tions and information of future use.
e. C - Communication Device - a hardware
components, that enables a computer
to send (transmit) and received data,
instructions to and from one or more
computers.
2. SOFTWARE - also called program is one series
of related instruction organized a common and
now to perform the...
Graphical User Interface (GUI) -
interacts with software using text,
graphics and visual image.
Icon - A miniature image that
represent a program, an instruction
or some other objects.
TWO CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE - it is any program that
controls the computer hardware or that
controls the computer hardware or than can be
used to maintain the computer in some way so
that it runs more efficiently.
It serves as the interface between the user,
application software and computer hardware.
THREE BASIC TYPE OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
a. OS = Operating System - it tells the
computer how to use its own
components.
Ex. Windows, Linux, Macintosh, Ubuntu
b. NS = Networking System - it allows
computer to communicate and share
data across a network unlike controlling
operations and overseeing the network
security.
c. U = Utility - a program that makes the
computer system or perform highly
specialized functions. Ex. antivirus
2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE - it tells the computer
how to accomplish specific tasks such as word
processing or drawing.
3. PEOPLEWARE - The one who design, maintain,
and uses the computer system. Ex. Computer
Programmer, System Analyst
THE USERS ROLE
1. S = Setting up the System
2. I = Installing Software
3. R = Running Programs
4. M = Managing Files
5. M = Maintaining the Systems
 IT 111 Lecture
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
1. PERSONAL COMPUTERS - it is a computer that
can perform all of its input, processing, output
and storage activities itself.
a. D - Desktop Computer - designed that
the system unit, input output desires an
any other devices fit entirely on or
under a desk or a table.
b. N - Notebook/Laptop - it is a portable
personal computer often designed to fit
on your lap.
c. T - Tablet Pc's - Resembling a letter size
state. A special type that allows you to
write or draw on screen using a digital
pen.
d. M - Mobile Device - is a handheld tablet
of other device that is made for
portability, and is therefore both
compact and lightweight.
 S - Smart Phones
 P - Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
 H - Handheld Computer
 P - Portable Media Player
 D - Digital Cameras
 G - Games console
2. SERVERS - it controls access to the hardware
and software and resources on a network and
provide a centralize storage area programs,
data and information.
3. MAINFRAMES - the large, expensive powerful
computer that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected user simultaneously.
4. SUPERCOMPUTERS - is the fastest, most
powerful computer and the most expensive. it
is capable of processing more than one
quadrillion instruction in a single second.
5. EMBEDDED COMPUTER - a special purpose
computer that function as a component in a
large product . consumer electronic home
automation device, automobiles, process
controllers and robotics, computer devices and
office machines.
First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very
expensive to operate and in addition to using a great
deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions.
First generation computers relied on machine
language, the lowest-level programming language
understood by computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was
based on punched cards and paper tape, and output
was displayed on printouts.
The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) and
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
computers are examples of first-generation computing
devices. The vacuum tube was developed by Lee De
Forest. A vacuum tube is a device generally used to
amplify a signal by controlling the movement of
electrons in an evacuated space.
CHARACTERISTICS
1) First generation computers were based on vacuum
tubes.
2) The operating systems of the first generation
computers were very slow.
3) They were very large in size.
4) Production of the heat was in large amount in first
generation computers.
5) Machine language was used for programming.
6) First generation computers were unreliable.
7) They were difficult to program and use.
What are Vacuum Tubes
Alternatively referred to as an electron tube or valve.
The vacuum tube is a glass tube that has its gas
removed, creating a vacuum. Vacuum tubes contain
electrodes for controlling electron flow and were used
in early computers as a switch or an amplifier.
EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors