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88 Half Life - 2 2005 ckESpf? rwfv? trSwf 134
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92 Empire Earth - 2 rsuEf mS zk;H aqmif;yg;
96 Return to Mysterious Island 10 Your Ideal PC
98 Devil May Cry 3 :
COMPUTER ACCESSORIES
Dante'sAwakening
52 Information & Technology Testing
MENORABLE KID GAME 56 2005 ckESpftwGuf tDvufx&Gef;epf vloHk;ukefypönf;
100 Pandemonium topftqef;aps;uGuf avhvmcsuf
60 uGefysLwm\ okdavSmifypönf;rsm;taMumif;
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113 Half-Life : Counter Strike PRODUCT GUIDE
114 Need for Speed Underground 2 64 New Products
72 New Products in Yangon
74 Music Products
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Motherboard Monitor uhJokdYaom utility wpfckukd toHk;jyK&efyif jzpf\/ press ESihf DDR 2 memory ESpc f k

12 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

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models rsm;wGifrl AGP slots
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14 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

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aumif;aumif; b0ifrusjzpfwwf a&SUrsufESmpmbufwGif wyfqif
onf/ Removable mother- xm;Ek d i f o nf h motherboard
board tray yHkpHrsdK;? tool-less setup ay: wnfaqmuf,lEkdif
drive carrier yHkpHrsdK;ESifh tat;cH onfh cases rsm;udk vlBudKufrsm;
pepftwGuf multiple fan loca- onf/ tcsdKU cases rsm; onf
tions yHkpHrsdK;wdkYonf vlwkdif; power supply tNyD; yg&Sd\/
tBudKuf jzpfEkdifp&m taMumif; aps;EIe;f csKd omaom yHpk u
H kd a&G;cs,f
&Sdonf/ USB 2.0 ports rsm;ESifh ygu yg0gjynfh high-end PC
media card reader rsm; wpfvHk; rjzpfvmEkdifay/ tcsdKU
aps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaom cases rsm;
System case twG u f tnTef;
wGif power supply ygrvmay/
Value PC qkdygu aps;EIef;csdKaom case udk okYd ygí case wpfcu k kd a&G;cs,&f mü
a&G;yg/ aps;EIef;udk t"du OD;pm;ray;oifh
Media PC qdkygu shuttle XPC SN85- aMumif; tBuHjyKvkdonf/
G4V2 udak &G;yg/
Power PC ESihf QuietPC qky
d gu wide range
jzihf a&G;yg/
>> Power Supply a&G;cs,fjcif;
Components awmfawmfrsm;rsm; jznfhwif; wyfqifrnf qkdygu vuf&Sd
power supply udk jzKwfí ykdí pGrf;tm;aumif;rGefaom power supply udk
tpm;xk;d wyfqif&ayvdrrhf nf/ Random crashes odYkr[kwf component failure
jzpfaprnfh jyóemrsdK; ray:aygufEkdifonfh ypönf;udk t"du a&G;cs,f&rnf/
Power supplies awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf maximum output (in watts)
jzifh tqifhcGJxm;onf/ PC Power and cooling's Power Supply Selection
(www.PCpower andcooling.com) uhJodkYaom online tools rsm;jzifh rdrd sys-
tem twGuf vdktyfaom wattage udk wGufcsuf,lEkdifonf/ tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh
Z,m;wGif azmfjyyg&Sdonfhtwkdif; wattage udk wGufcsufí power supply udk
a&G;cs,fEkdifonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

Memory jzifh performance aumif;aumif;&,ljcif;
Memory xyf x nf h j cif ;
onf ay:jyLvmtjzpfqHk; up-
grade vkyfenf;wpfck jzpfonf/
tvGefvG,fulí ig;rdepfcefYom
tcsdefay;&onfhvkyfief; jzpfyg
onf/ Memory rsm;jcif;tm;jzifh
y½kd*&rfrsm;rsm; udkifwG,fEkdif
onf/ ,cktcg memory rsm;
rsm; awmif;qkdwwfaom graph-
ics programs rsm;ESifh *drf;rsm;
t&Sdeft[kefaumif;pGm ay:xGuf
vmaeonfhtjyif pG,fpHkoHk;yDpD
rsm;vnf;ay:xGuaf eNyDjzpfonf/
ewfjrif;yst
H vm;
tu,fí rdrd system wGif
258 MB ESifhatmuf jzpfaeygu
upgrade vkyf&efvkdtyfvmaom
tcsdeftcg[k qkd&rnf/ vuf&Sd
tajctaet& yDpDrSefvQif 512
MB txuf &Sdae&rnfh tae
txm;rsdK; jzpfaeonf/ odYk &mwGif
vGefchJaom 18 v umvrsm;url
¤if;wkYd xufxuf0ufcefYom&S\ d /
tu,fí memory onf vkdtyf
onf x uf avsmh e nf ; aeygu
system \ speed udk jr§ifhwif
ay;&ayrnf/ tcsdKU application
rsm;onf xkdokdY awmif;qkdrIrsm;
&SdvmaeNyD jzpfonf/ upgrade
rvkyfrD rdrd system ü &Sdaeaom
memory trsdK;tpm;udk yxrOD;
pGm ppfaq;Munfh&ef ta&;BuD;
onf / [Different types of
memory wGifMunhfyg] Crucial
(www.crucial .com/uk) ESifh
Kingston (ww.kingston.com/
uk) wkYd uo
Jh Ykdaom xkwv
f yk o
f rl sm;
onf automated memory se-
lectors jzifh pDpOfxm;&Sdonf/
tu,fírsm; rdrd mother-
board uom support vkyfEkdif
rnfqkdygu dualchannel me-
mory udk a&G;cs,foifhonf/ xkd
RAM onf data rsm; a&;jcif;
zwfjcif; jyK&mwGif vkdtyfonfh
speed udk tvdtk avsmuf wk;d jr§ihf
um performance udk wGef;wif
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
ay;Ekid o
f nf/ tpHv k u dk f xnfoh iG ;f
,lonfhtcg RAM modules
rsm; udkufnD&rnf/
,cif u xk w f v k y f a vh & S d
aom dual-channel boards rsm;
wGif RAM sockat oHk;ck yg&Sd
onf/ tu,fí ,cifu ESpfck
xnfhxm;NyD; jzpfygu aemufxyf
Dimm wpfcjk zifo h m xyfxnfv h Qif
performance vkdtyfoavmuf
tusd K ;rjzpf x G e f ; ay/ vuf & S d
Dimm ESpc fv
k ;kH z,fxw k íf jynhpf kH
aom tif t m;&S d o nf h Dimm
Memory tnTef;twGuf
Value PC jzpfap? Media PC jzpfap? Power
PC jzpfap? Quiet PC jzpfap 512 MB PC 3200
184-pin modules ESpfck wyfqiftoHk;jyKoifh
onf/ vGecf aJh om 18 v cefYtxd yDpx D wk v f yk o
f l
rsm;onf ¤if;\ system wdkif;wGif 256 MB
jzifh taumif;qH;k tjzpf wyfqifxw k v f yk f a&mif;
cschMJ uonf/ ,cktcg xkrd Qjzifh rvHak vmufawmh
[k qkdEkdifonf/ 1 GB-RAM avmuftxd
awmif;qkdaom application rsm; &SdvmchJonf/
tu,fí xkdokdYaom tajctaersdK;ESifh BuHKawGU
&ygu y½kd*&rf wpfckxufydkí wifum vkyfudkif
aqmif&GufvkdolwkdYonf memory jr§ifhwif&ef
cufcJaevQif system \ speed udkawmh jr§ifh
wif,l&ayvdrfhrnf/
tpHkvkdufxnfhjcif;u ydkí tqif
ajyEkdifygonf/
aps;EIe;f csKd omaom memory
tnh H p m;rsm;ud k a&S m if & S m ;oif h
onf/ txl;ojzifh wHqdyfryg
aom module rsm;udk vH;k 0 r0,f
,loifhay/ trSwfwHqdyf rwlnD
aomfvnf; owfrSwfonfh spe-
cification uku d n f yD gu aumif;pGm
tvkyfvkyfay;Ekdifygonf/
17
{tpdwftydkif;rsm;}

Performance udk ESpq

f jri§ w
hf if&ef
Hard drives rsm;
wpfaeYxufwpfaeY hard vkdtyfcsuftwkdif; setup ESifh
disk rsm;\ odkrSD;yrmPrsm;udk configuring wpfckr[kwf wpfck
jr§iw
hf ifxwk v f yk v
f suf &Sad eonf/ awmh tenf;i,f pdwf&Snf&ef
,cktcg data yrmP 400 GB vdktyfygonf/
txd okdrSD;Ekdifaom drive rsm;yif
&EkdifaeNyDjzpf\/ 'pf*spfw,f a&;jcif;zwfjcif;wGiyf akd umif;vmjcif;
rD'D,m 0goemtkd;rsm;ESifh AD'D,kd puf t a&twG u f wk d ; vm
tueft Y owfrsm;udk ausmjf zwfyg wnf;jzwfolrsm;twGuf tqkdyg jcif; wpfcktwGuf Raid 0 [k
owif;onf 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m ac: qkd onfh configuration
yDpDta[mif;wGif ydkíBuD;aom hard
jzpfaeygonf/ rnfokdYyifjzpfap wpfckudk toHk;jyKonf/ ¤if;jzifh
drive wpfckudk xnfh,Nl yD;aemuf
drive ESifh ywfoufonfh t&G,f data reading twG u f j zpf a p?
system onf tiftm;jynhv f yk Ef idk yf u
kH kd
t pm; t aMumif; rajymqkdrD writing twGufjzpfap system
rjyaMumif; vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;
rnfonfv h yk if ef;vkyaf qmifvodk nf speed udk ododomom wkd;wuf
BuHKawGU&wwfonf/ taMumif;rSm
Windows XP service Pack 1 [laom qHk;jzwfcsufudk OD;pGm vmaponf/ xkdudpöudk prf;oyf
jyKpkpOfu 137 GB txuf pOf;pm;xm;&Sd&rnf jzpf\/ Munfhvdkygu yxrOD;pGm rdrd
ae&myrmPudk recognise jzpf&ef Raid (redundant array of vktd yfaom odrk ;DS yrmPjzifh udu k f
rwwfEkdifaMumif; operating system independent disks) udk a&G;cs,f nDaponf drives wpfpHkudk a&G;
rS rSef;qaeaomaMumifh jzpf\/ rnfvm;/ Raid setup wpfco k nf ,l&rnf/ 120 GB hard drives
Operating system ta[mif;wpfckudk hard drives awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk rsm;udk a':vm 100 avmufjzifh
toHk;jyKvQif xkdodkYaom jyóem disk speed jr§ifhwif&müvnf; &,l E k d i f r nf j zpf N yD ; mother-
enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh aumif;? ta&;ay: tajctae boards topf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
BuHKawGUaewwfonf/ taumif;qHk;rSm jzpfrvmrD backup vkyf&mwGif ay:wGif Raid support rsm;vnf;
rdrdtoHk;jyKonfh hard drive vnf;aumif; toH;k cs,lEidk o
f nf/ yg&Sdvm\/ þonfrSmyif xkduf
Multiple identical drives xkdufwefwef jzpfvmaponf/
xkwfvkyfol\ website okdY
0ifa&mufum nTefMum;csufrsm;udk Hard drives rsm;twGuf tnTe;f
avhvm&efyif jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwfu
Microsoft Knewledgebase Value PC qdkygu Hitachi Desk star 7 K 250 160 GB
(www.support.microsoft.com) wGif UDMA 100 udk a&G;yg/
0ifa&mufMunhf½I avhvmoifhonf/ Media PC qkdygu Western Digital 250 GB Caviar udk
a&G;yg/
Power PC qkdygu Western Digital Raptor SATA 150
74 GB drives ESpfckudk a&G;yg/
Quiet PC qdy
k gu Samsung Spin Point P SP 1614N 160
GB drive udk a&G;yg/

20 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 tjcm;wpf e nf ; rS m Sata
(Serial ATA) oHk;jcif;jzpf\/
tu,f í tMurf;vsmxm;csuf
yHkpHwpfckrS ukd,fykdifyDpDwpfvHk;
wnfaqmuf,lchJvQif ¤if;onf
toifah wmfq;kH [kq&dk rnf/ ,aeY
a&mif;csaeaom avQmhaps;pm&if;
0if motherboards rsm;wGifyif
SATA support yg&Sd\/ þodkY
drive yHkpHrsdK;udk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh
rd r d \ system wpf c k u d k yd k í
yDjyifpGm &Ekdifayvdrhfrnf/
tu,fí system a[mif;
wpfck\ odkrSD;yrmPudk jr§ifhwif
&eftwGuf pOf;pm;chJygu Sata-
controller card wpfckudk owf
owf xnfh,l&rnf/ Promise
Fast Trak S150 TX2plus
uhJokdYaom tqkdyg cards trsdK;
tpm; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf rdrd
system wG i f Raid support
xnfhoGif;rItwGuf option rsm;
ay;xm;\/ AD', D w
dk nf;jzwfjcif;
uhJodkYaom disk access rsm;rsm;
vkyfaqmif,l&onf? tasks rsdK;
rsm;twGuf toHk;jyKvkdolrsm;
taejzifh vHkavmufaom jznfh
qnf;rI &Ekdifayonf/ odkYr[kwf
u ATA drive wpfckudk second
parallel wpfcktaejzifh xnfh&ef
om &Sdawmhonf/
tcsut f vufrsm;udk drive topf
odYk a&GyU g
yDpDta[mif;wpfckudk hard
drive topf w pf c k xyf x nf h
vdkufrnfqkdygu rlvtajctae
xuf ydkrdkjrefqef aumif;rGev f m
rnf jzpf\/ okYd&mwGif orm;½k;d us
twkid ;f rdryd pD w
D iG f install vkyf
vkdufygu operating system
onf slower disk ay:wGifom
usef&pfchJNyD; upgrade vkyf,ljcif;
rSm rnfonfhtusdK;qufrQ xGuf
ay:vmp&m taMumif;r&Sday/ rdrd
boot drive taejzifh topfxnfh
xm;aom ypön;f wGio f m toH;k jyK
&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
Hard drive upgrade kits
rsm;onf omreftm;jzifh topf
tay:odkY vuf&Sd drive ukd,fyGm;
tjzpf oHk;Ekdifrnfh aqmhzf0JrsdK;rsm;
xnfh ay; vkduf wwf yg onf/
tjcm;wpfenf;rSm Spearit Soft-
ware rS xkwfvkyfonfh Move
Me to transfer data uhJodkYaom omaprnfhtjyif taESmihft,Suf
y½kd*&rfrsdK;udk toHk;cs&efyif jzpf uif;Ekdifaprnf/ Hard drive
\/ odYk aomf þokYd rvkyaf qmifrD topfonf operating system
tm;vHk;vkyf&ef oifhroifh pOf;pm; udk wifonfhtcgwGifvnf; rlv
oifhonf/ rvkdvm;onfh files yDpDESifhygvmaom System Re-
rsm; drives rsm;ESifh rvkdvm;tyf store CD rSyif jyefwifEi
dk yf gao;
onfh t&mrsm;udk z,fxkwfypf& onf/
rnf/ odkYrSom tcsdefukef ouf
>> rSwfOmPf trsdK;tpm;uGJrsm;
rMumao;rDu tcsdeftxd systems trsm;pkonf DDR 333 odkYr[kwf DDR 400
uhJokdYaom 184-pin DDR Dimms (double data rate duel inline memory
modules) rsm;udk vufcH toHk;jyKEkdifMuonf/ Speed trsdK;rsdK;&Sdwwfonf/
aemufwGifyg&Sdaom eHygwfrsm;onf RAM \ clock speed udk
azmfneT ;f xm;jcif;jzpf\/ PC 2700 (DDR 333) odYk r[kwf PC 3200 (DDR 400)
[lívnf; bandwidth udk azmfusL;í memory \ specification udk
azmfjywwfMuonf/
rdrd\ motherboard ESif processor
wkdYtay: rlwnfí memory \ yHkpHudk
a&G;cs,f0,f,l&rnfjzpf\/ taumif;qHk;
performance wpfck &&Sdap&eftwGuf
tjrefEIef;aumif;aom memory module udk
a&G;cs,f&ayrnf/ DDR 2 [laom memory
topfyHkpHrsdK;onf ydkí jrefqefrI&Sdaomfvnf;
¤if;wdkYonf aemufqHk;xkwf Intel chipects
rsm;jzifhom wGJoHk;&ef oifhavsmfonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 21
{tpdwftydkif;rsm;}
wefzdk;&Sd&Sd cGifusus
toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh
Optical drives rsm;
rdrdyDpDrsm; upgrade vkyf
onfjzpfap odkYr[kwf yDpDtopf
wpfvHk;udk wnfaqmuf,lonfh
tcgwGifjzpfap tjrefEeI ;f aumif;
onfh optical drive wpfcu k kd xnfh
oGif;,ljcif;onf acwfESifh vdkuf
avsmnDaxGjzpfapum cGifusus
toHk;usapEkdifygonf/ aiGaMu;
ukefusp&dwfudk csifhcsdefae&onfh
wkdif zwfjcif;? ul;jcif; vkyfEdkif
rnfh drive av;awmh &Sdxm;oifh
onf/
DVD +RW od k Y r[k w f
DVD-RW tqifhtxd r&jcif;
udk xnhfwGuf&ef rvkdygu 8 odkY
r[k w f 12 speed &S d DVD
combo drive av; &SdvQifyif
toH;k wnfv h aS yonf/ Oyrmtm;
jzifh LG GSA-4120B writer
av;qk d y gu DVD+R (12-
speed) ESifh +R discs (8-speed)
jzifv
h nf;aumif;? DVD formats
(quad-speed) jzifhvnf;aumif;
CD-Rs (40speed) ESihf CDRWs,
(24 speed) jzifhvnf;aumif;
xkdufxkdufwefwef toHk;csEkdifyg
onf/
¤if;twGuf a':vm 90 cefY
toHk;jyKrnfudk 0efav;aeygu
a':vm 40 rQyif rjynfhrDaom
CD-RW/DVD ROM Combo
drive av;wyfqifxm;jcif;jzifh
rdrd\ yDpDonf acwfESifh vkduf
avsmnDaxG jzpfvmapygonf/
22
tjrefEeI ;f tvku
d f wefz;dk uGmjcm;jcif;
tenf;i,f acwfaemufus
aeNyD[k ,lq&aom 8XDVD
burnes rsm;onfyif 650 MB
disc wpfcsyfudk q,frdepfxuf
rMumaom EIef;xm;jzifh a&;,lEkdif
onf/ 48 X ESifh 52 X rsm;txd
pOf;pm;&ef rvkday/ bwf*suf
Munhfae&oltzkdY 12 X okdYr[kwf
16 X DVD uho J Ykdaom premium
tqifhudk &Smae&ef rvkday/
Parallel ATA drives oHk;
tjym;BuD; ribbon cables rsm;udk
oH;k jcif;tm;jzifh case twGi;f av
jzwfoef;rIukd wm;qD;ouho J Ykd jzpf
ae wwf onf / ¤if ; twG u f
Rounded data cables
rsm;vnf; tvG,fwul 0,f,l
&&SdEkdifygonf/ Plextor ukrÜPD
xkwf PX-712 SA onf serial
jzifh toH;k jyKojzifh parallel ATA
rsm;xuf ydkrkd tqifajyEkdifapyg
vdrhfrnf/
yrmPBuD;BuD; odkrSD;vkdol
rsm;twGuf dual-layer DVD
drive rsm;vnf;&Sad eygao;onf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
¤if;jzifu
h ;l ,lxm;aom discs rsm;
udk standalone DVD players
trsm;pkwiG f xnhf zGiMhf unhí
f &yg
onf/ odkY&mwGif dual-layer
DVD drives rsm;udk 0,f,lygu
aiGaMu;awmh xkdufxkdufwefwef
ukefusayvdrhfrnf/ xkdYtwl ¤if;
ESifh compatible jzpfaprnfh me-
dia rsm;rSm ,cktcg tenf;i,f
&Sm;yg;aeygao;onf/ Dual-
layer rsm;onf writing twGuf
2-4 speeds rsm;om &Sdao;í
aES;auG;onf[k qkd&rnf/ txl;
ojzifh 12-16 speed &Sd single-
layer media ESifh qefYusifbuf
jzpfaeaponf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
Opetical drives rsm; tnTe;f
Value PC qkyd gu Lite-on SOHW-12135
udk a&G;cs,fyg/
Media PC qdy k gu BenQ DW1600 dual-
layer drive udk a&G;cs,fyg/
Power PC qdy k gu Plextorn PX-712SA
udk a&G;cs,fyg/
Quiet PC qky d gu Pioneer-DVR-108 ukd
a&G;cs,fyg/
Optical drives rsm; trsKd ;rsKd ;tzHz
k kH
ay:xGufvmonfhteuf t&nf
taoG ; od k Y r [k w f tjref E I e f ;
tvdkuf aps;EIef;pH uGmjcm;csuf
rsm;udk awGUMu&ygvdrfhrnf/
Master ESihf Slave a&G;cs,rf I
uGefysLwm ta[mif;rsm;
wGif drive wpfcjk znfoh iG ;f jcif;ESihf
ywfoufí tvG,w f ul aumuf
wyfí r&Ekid af y/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
system rsm;wGif parallel ATA
technology udk oHk;xm;wwfí
cable wpfckjzifh drive ESpfckudk
sharing vkyfxm;avh &Sdonf/
yDpDtrsm;pkonf tenf;qHk; IDE
(integrated drive electronics)
channels ESpfck ygvmwwfpjrJ
jzpfí drive av;cktxd trsm;qH;k
toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ Jumper wpfck
jzifh drive wpfckpDwGif master
okdYr[kwf slave [lí owfrSwf
,lMu&onf/ Cable wpfckjzifh
drives ESpfckudk IDE channel
wpfck qufo, G xf m;onfo h abm
jzpf\/ omreftm;jzifh jumper
wGif drive \ avb,fav;rsm;
wyfqifxm;wwfonf/
Oya'otcsdKUjzifh configu-
ration a&G;cs,frIudk vrf;nTefrI
jyKay;ygvdrhfrnf/ jzpfEkdifvQif
IDE channel wpf c k t wG u f
drive wpfckpDjzifh Master tjzpf
toH k ; jyKoif h o nf / tu,f í
channel wpfckay:wGif drives
ESpfck &SdaevQif tjrefEIef;jrifhaom
drive udk Master [k owfrSwf
rnf/
qkMd uygpdYk ? rdrt
d aejzifh sec-
ond hard disk wpfv;kH ESihf DVD
burner wpfv;kH udk yDpw D pfv;kH wGif
xnf, h &l mwGif rlvuvnf; CD-
RW burnes &SNd yD;jzpfaeygu set-
ting ud k jyef v k y f , l & ayrnf /
tjrefEeI ;f jrifah om disk udk Mas-
ter taejzifh primary IDE chan-
nel wGif wyfqif&rnf/ ,cif
drive onf primary channel
wGif Slave tjzpf &Sdap&rnf/
xkdtcg optical drives rsm;onf
vnf; xkdenf;wlpGm secondary
ae&mwGif tjrefEIef;ay:rlwnfí
Master ESifh Slave udk cGJjcm;xm;
&Sd&rnfjzpf\/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 23

{tpdwyf
wft qifydjkiciff;rs; m;}

jyifqifjcif;
rdrdvsmxm;csufudk yHkMurf;twkdif;
yDpw
D pfv;kH wyfqif,l jcif; 1 yxrOD;pGm rnfonfhypönf;tpdwftydkif;rsm; vkdtyfonf
udk ppfaq;avhvmxm;&rnf/ txl;ojzifh t"du touf
aoG;aMum rygrjzpfonfh tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;udk 0,f,x
l m;&rnf/
rdrpd w d uf ;l jzifh zGpUJ nf;xm;aom yHpk t H wkid ;f xkYd tjyif rdrd wyfqifwnfaqmufrnfh ae&mwGif static elec-
tricity &Sd r&Sd? rvkdvm;tyfonfh ypönf;rsm; &Sd r&Sd aoao
computers rsm;udk xnfo h iG ;f wyfqif&efrmS csmcsm Munhf½Ium &Sif;vif;jyifqifNyD;rS tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
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26 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 27

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[Ref: PC advisor Feb.2005]
29
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32 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 33

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34 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


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w,f/ toHk;rsm;Muwmu (olwdkY
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 35

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aqmifay;aewmvdYk qdw k ,f/ tJ'D ar;vfpmwpfapmif[m ydkYolqDu taMumif;t&mawGudk udk,fhuGef
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f ,fyYkdpepfqikd &f mvrf;aMumif; awG ydYkEikd o
f vd?k vdck siw
f mawG &,l
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w,f/ zdkifo,fydkYpepfqdkif&m vrf; uGefysLwm operating sys-
tD;ar;vf pmwpfapmifudk aMumif;udk FTP (File Transfer tem wdkif;rSmvdkvdk FTP pepfawG
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protocol) udk wpfae&muae wpf vkyfaqmifEdkifwJhpepfjzpfw,f/ awGukd upload odYk r[kwf down-
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38 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


pm? *&yfzpfyHk? toHzdkif? AD'D,dkzdkif
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vkyfxm;avh&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh
zdkifawGudk compress taeeJY zip
vkyfxm;wJhzdkifawGudk jyefNyD; un-
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owif;ay;
vd k i f ;
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txl;aqmif;yg;
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udk odkavSmifay;jcif;? jzefYjzL;ay; aEG;csifw,fqdk&if Newsreader
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&if owif;qmAm(news server) r,f/ tifwmeuf toHk;jyKEdkifwJh
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 39
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wmutp odNyD; ajc&mcHay;Edkif azmfjywwfwmrsK;d awG jzpfEikd o f vdk roifq h w kd mudyk g tqH;k tjzwfay;
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aMumifh 'gav;udk tdyfxJxnfhoGm;
wm uGefysLwmwpfvHk; o,foGm;
ovdk c&D;a&mufvSw,f/ Mega-
view xJu [mh'f'pfav;u b,f
t&G,af vmuf &Srd ,fxifovJ wDw/D
1.8 vufravmufy&J w dS ,f/ acwfu
tdkifwdkYom toufawG BuD;onf
xufBuD;NyD; 0onfxuf 0vmMu
wm/ td k i f w D y pö n f ; awG u awmh
ao;onfxuf ao;vmw,faemf/
wDwDhtdrfu[mBuD; aemufqdk&if
parmav;awGudk tdyfxJacgufxnfh
vdkY&vm&if b,fvdk vkyfrvJ/
ajymzdkYusefoGm;w,f/ Mega-
view udkzGifhzdkY "mwfcJav;awG oHk;&
w,f/ Lithiumion "mwfcaJ wG av/
54
jyefNyD; tm;oGi;f oH;k vdYk &w,f/ AD',D kd uwfay:rSm oD;oefYxnfhxm;wm
Munf h & if 3 em&D c G J a vmuf c H N yD ; ? &,f? RAMDACS u 400MHz
oDcsif;em;axmif&ifawmh 8 em&D jzpfaewm&,fMumifh pGrf;tm;jrifhwJh
txdcHw,fwJhav/ tjrefEIef;udk &Edkifwmaygh/ 3D
Bench Mark 2003 eJY
*&yfzpfupkd rf;wm 4135
Mark awmif&&Sx d m;vdYk
tqifhuawmh redrfhbl;
vdYkqEkd ikd w
f ,f/ uJ wDwD
a& om;awmfarmifudk
0,fay;zdkY bwfxm;wJh
bwfaiGav;awG xkwv f ukd af yawmh/
aps;EIe;f awGuawmh
* MSI Bluetooth Headset u
35000 usyfeD;yg;/
aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh wDwDh * MSI Adapter BToes awGu 10
om;i,ftBudKuf/ [dkwpfavmwkef; rDwmqdk&if 24000 usyf eD;yg;
u tdkifhudk *drf;upm;csifvdkY bm * 100 rDwmqd&k if 27500usyef ;D yg;
VGA uwf 0,fxnfh&&if aumif; * MSI Megaview 566 u
rvJvdkY zkef;eJYar;w,fav/ ausmif; 320000 usyf ausmfausmf
awG ydwfcgeD;qdkawmh olYudk ajymjy * NX6200 128MB VGA uwfu
awmhr,f/ tdkifwdkYtJ'DaeYuprf;wJh 92000 usyf
VGA uwfu NX6200 128MB * Mouse eJY Adapter wGJvsufu
wJh/ MSI uyJxkwfxm;wm/ wDwDh 45000 usyf ausmfausmfavmuf
tdrfu Windows XP oH;k xm;wm &Sdw,f/
qdak wmh tqifajyw,f/ Windows ypön;f awGu tajctaetay:
2000 eJYawmif&w,f/ olY Memory rl w nf N yD ; aps;EI e f ; tenf ; i,f
u 128MB DDR awmif xnfx h m; ajymif;vJEdkifw,faemf/ 'gudk wDwD
ay;wmqdak wmh oH;k &wm pdww
f ikd ;f us oabmaygufrmS yg/ ud, k w f ikd f oGm;
avmufw,f/ ½kyfxGuf? yHkxGuf rMunfhEdkifao;&ifvnf; zkef;quf
aumif;wJhtjyif tawmfav; pdwf NyD;pHkprf;vdkufaygh/ zkef;eHygwfu
wdkif;usavmufatmif *drf;awGaqmh 226664 eJY 210943 wJh/
Edkifygvdrfhr,f/ aemufqHk;ay:*drf; wD w D a & 'D v awmh awmf
awGudk olu bmaMumifhaumif; avmufNyD/ aemufvrSm awmhfvlBuD;
aumif; Run EdkifovJqdk&if Cine aemufudk olrodatmif b,fvdk
FXTM 3.0 tif*sifudk oHk;xm;wm aemufa,mifcHvdkufEdkifwmrsm; ajym
aMumifhaygh/ 'guawmh enf;ynm jyEdkifrvm;rodbl;/ 'DMum;xJrSm
t& odyf½IyfaxG;wmaMumifh wDwDhudk awmh qE´awGapmNyD; wusDusDvm
odyfrajymawmhbl;/ *&yfzpform; rvkyfaeeJY/ tdkifvnf; trsm;BuD;
awGtwGufvnf; pdwfBudKufjzpf Testing awGvkyf&OD;rSm/
avmufw,f/ AD'D,dk Processor udk tdik wf aD r
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
 COMPUTER ACCESSORIES ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
2005 ckEpS t
f wGuftDvufx&Geef pf vlo;kH ukeyf pön;f
topftqef;rsm; aps;uuG f avhvmcsuf
,ck E S p f Zef e 0g&D v twG i f ;
tar&duef jynfaxmifpk Las Ve-
gas wGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhaom urÇmh
tBuD;qHk; tDvufx&Gef;epf vloHk;
ukeyf pön;f rsm;jyyGJ Consumer Elec-
tronics Show (CES) rS a&yef;
pm;aeaom ypönf;ud&d,m tcsdKUESifh
ywfoufí enf;ynmqdik &f m bDbpD D
owif;axmufwpfOD; jzpfol Jo
Twist \ xkwfEIwf wifjycsufrsm;
jzpfygonf/
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rsm;&dS tDvufx&GefepfESifh ywfouf
onfh topftqef; ud&d,maygif;
11 &mcdkifEIef; ydkrdk wdk;vmcJhonf/
]]uReaf wmfwYkdawmh 'pf*spw f ,f urÇm
BuD;xJ a&mufaeMuNyDAsKdU}} [k Con-
sumer Electronics Association
56
rS Kirsten Pfeifer qdkol u BBC
odkY ajymvdkufygonf/ tqdkyg tzGJU
tpnf;rS jyyGJwGif jy o xm; aom
xkwfukefypönf; tcsdKUudk xkwfEIwf
wifjyxm;onf/ ]]oH;k pGoJ al wG ud, k f
wdik u
f olwYkd bmypön;f rsdK; vdw k ,f?
b,fvkd enf;ynmrsKd ; vdtk yfw,fqkd
wmudk odaeMuNyDAs/ OyrmAsm 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&mawG? 'pf*spw f ,f a&'D
,dak wG? HDTVs (high -definition
TVs) vdk ypönf;awGudk a&G;cs,fvm
Muygw,f/ 2005 ckESpfrSmawmh tif
tm; taumif;qHk; xkwfukefawG
tjzpf qufvuf &dSaeOD;rSmyg}} [k
qufvuf ajymcJyh gonf/ jyyGv J mol
wpfOD;uawmh ]]jyyGJrSm jy xm; wJh
ypön;f tm;vH;k [m wu,fu h ykd J pufrI
vkyfief;BuD;wpfckvHk;&JU ajymif;vJ
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
us,fjyefYvmwmudk jyvdkufovkdyg
yJ}} [k tvGeftrif; tHhMopGmjzifh qdk
vdkuf yg onf/ wu,fvnf; enf;
ynmtopfrsm;u wef;pD vdkufvm
aeovdkrsdK; jzpfonf/
c&D;aqmif tDvufx&Gefepf
ypönf;av;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh
enf;ynmrsm;u a&yef; tpm;qHk;
jzpfaeonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh rD'D
,m ypönf;rsm;jzpfonf/ urÇmhwdkif;
jynf toD;oD; rnfonfhae&mwGif
rqdk AD'D,dkMunfhjcif;? aw;*Dw em;
axmifjcif;rsm;u txif&Sm;qHk; jzpf
aeonf/ 2004 ckESpfu tqdkyg
ypönf;av;rsm;ESifh enf;ynm wdk;
wufrIwdkYu 4 &mcdkifEIef;om &dScJh
onf[k Consumer Electronics
Association u cefYrSef;cJhonf/
tqdkyg&mcdkifEIef;wGif txl;ojzifh
c&D;aqmif 'pf*spfw,faw;*Dw zGifh
pufrsm;? wpfu, kd af &oH;k AD', D kd ½du
k f
ul;onfh pufrsm;ESihf 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;yg0ifonf/ tqdyk gao;
i,faom ypön;f rsm;onf vlom;wdYk
\ b0wGif ae&m0if,laeMuonf/
tDvufx&Ge;f epf aps;uGurf S oH;k pGo J l
rsm;\ 57 &mcdkifEIef;onf trsdK;
orD;rsm; jzpfaeMuonf/
txl;ojzifh rD'D,mvkyfief;
trsKd ;rsKd ;udk ud&,
d mwpfct k wGi;f wGif
aygif;pyf xnfh oGif; xm; Mu onfh
ypön;f rsm;pGmudk jyyGw J iG af wGUcJ&h onf/
xdYk twl tvGef ao;i,faom MP3
players rsm;rSonf BuD;rm;aom
t&G,ftpm; &dSonfh high-defini-
tion TVs rsm; txd jyxm;onfudk
awGU&onf/
○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○
Microsoft \tBuD;trª; Bill
Gates uJhodkYaom yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;?
pufrv I yk if ef;&Sirf sm;? ynm&Sirf sm;\
tawGUtBuHK &Si;f vif;yGrJ sm;? vkyif ef;
aqG ; aEG ; yG J r sm;? xk w f u k e f y pö n f ;
o½kyfjyyGJrsm;uvnf; aeYpOfrvyf
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aps;uGufudk t"duxm;í 0ifa&muf
&ef pD;yGm;zuftopf trsm;tjym;udk
xdkjyyGJwGif aMunmcJhonf/ xdkYtwl
wDADGtpDtpOfrsm;udk c&D;aqmifpuf
i,fuav;jzifh MunfhEdkif½Hkomru
zrf;,l odkavSmifxm;Edkifaom enf;
ynm taMumif;udv k nf; Bill Gates
u xkwfazmf ajymcJhonf/ odkYaomf
vnf; Microsoft \ xGuf&dSrnfh
Xbox game version topf
taMumif;udkawmh bmrQ rajymcJh[k
qdkonf/ Sony uvnf; olwdkY\
c&D;aqmif *drf;puftopfjzpfaom
PSP udk jyyGw J iG jf yoxm;aomfvnf;
tao;pdwf taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
rajymcJhyg/ Sony rS udk,fpm;vS,f
wpfOD;url ]]'g[m enf;ynmwpfck
&JU tpdwftydkif;rQom jzpfygw,f}}
[k BBC odkY ajymvdkufygonf/
Sony rS vloHk;ukef ypönf;rsm;udk
tar&duESihf Oa&my aps;uGurf sm;odYk
,ckESpf rwfvwGif ydkYaqmifrnf[k
qdkonf/ *syefEdkifiHwGif NyD;cJhonfh
c&pfprwf rwdkifrDuyif a&mif;cscJh
NyD; jzpfonf/
jyyGJ\ ae&mtESHYwGif awGUae&
aom ypönf;wpfrsdK;rSm plasma
screens rsm; jzpfonf/ vuf&dStm;
jzifh urÇmay:wGiftBuD;qHk;[k owf
rSwfEdkifonfh Sam-sung ukrÜPDrS
102 vufr (2.6 rDwm) t&G,f pla-
sma screen udv k nf; awGUcJ&h onf/
pufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESifh uRrf;
usifolrsm;u 2005 ckESpftwGif;
us,fjyefY vmrnfh high-definition
(HD) enf;ynmtay: pdw0 f ifpm;ae
Muonf/ xdkYtwl vuf&dS DVDs
rsm;xuf 6 qrQ ydkrdk 0ifqHhonfh
DVDs rsm;vnf; acwfpm;vmOD;rnf
jzpfonf/ 2005 ckEpS f twGuf xkwf
ukeftopfrsm;u tvGefrsm;onf
[k qdkEdkifonf/ xdkypönf;rsm;Mum;rS
Seagate \ tusÐtdwfuyf t&G,f
tpm;rQom &daS om 5GB 0ifqo hH nfh
hard drive uav;uvnf; a&yef;
pm;aeonf/ tif*sifeD,mESifh 'DZdkif;
twGuf qef;opfrIqkudk &&dSxm;
onfh ypönf;uav; jzpfonf/ Las
Vegas wGif usif;ycJhaom tqdkyg
Consumer Electronics Show
(CES) jyyGo
J Ykd urÇmwpf0ef;rS pD;yGm;
a&; vkyfief;&Sif? ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
0goem&Sipf pk ak ygif; wpfoed ;f ESpaf omif;
ausmf vma&muf avhvmcJhMuonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
2005 ckEpS \f puFmylEikd if H ESihf
befaumufaps;uGurf S 'pf*spw f ,f
ypön;f rsm;
Sony Photovault MCS1
'pf*spfw,fuifr&m odkYr[kwf
tcsuftvufrsm; odkavSmifxm;Edkif
aom memory stick uJo h Ykd ud&, d m
wpfcck rk S ueG yf sLwmrvdbk J wdu k ½f u kd f
pD'Dul;,lEdkifaom ypönf; jzpfonf/
pD'DrSm 8 pifwDrDwmt&G,f CD-R
trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/
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wDAEGD iS hf csw
d q
f ufívnf; "mwfyrkH sm;
udk qvdkuf½dI;tjzpf MunfhEdkifonf/
c&D;aqmiftjzpf toHk;jyK&ef
bufx&Dyufcf yg0ifí AA trsdK;
tpm; bufx&D av;vHk;jzifhvnf;
toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ vQyfppfjzifh wdkuf
½dkuf toHk;jyK&ef adaptor vnf;
&dSonf/ t&G,ftpm;rSm c&D;aqmif
pD'DzGifhpufi,fwpfckxufyif ao;
i,fonf[k qdkonf/
toHk;jyK&mwGif vG,ful&Sif;
vif;í aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk LCD
display screen i,fuav;wGif
jrifEdkifonf/ tvif;a&mif r&dSaom
ae&mrsKd ;twGuf tqdyk g LCD dis-
play wGif tvif;a&mif xnfhoGif;
ay;xm;onf/ pD't D aejzifh 156MB
rS 210MB txd 0ifqahH om 8 pifwD
rDwmt&G,f CD-R jzpfí "mwfyHk
tajrmuftjrm;udak wmh xnfo h iG ;f Edik f
57
 COMPUTER ACCESSORIES ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
rnf r[kwfyg/ odkYaomfvnf; c&D;
aqmiftaejzifhrl vHk avmuf aom
taetxm; jzpfonf/ xdkpD'Dudk
multisession tjzpfvnf; toHk;jyK
EdkifaomaMumifh pD'D r jynfh r csif;
tBudraf ygif;rsm;pGm xnfoh iG ;f ul;,l
Edkifonf/ wefzdk;rSm pifumyla':vm
339 jzpfonf/
New Blackberry
BlackBerry 7100g trsdK;
tpm;onf c&D;aqmifzek ;f wpfcjk zpfí
aqmif&u
G Ef ikd cf surf sm;pGm yg0ifonf/
Blue-tooth qufoG,fa&; enf;
ynm xnfhoGif;xm;NyD; e-mail ydkY
vTwfjcif;? tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkuf
rsm;odkY 0ifa&mufjcif;ESifh udk,fa&;
rSwpf rk sm; xnfoh iG ;f odak vSmifEikd jf cif;
rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ Keyboard udk
enf;ynmtopfjzifh xnfhoGif;xm;
NyD; key wpfckwGif pmvHk; ESpfckpD
toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ Keyboard onf
'qwert' trsdK;tpm;jzpfonf/ wefz;kd
rSm pifumyla':vm 588 jzpfonf/
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zkef;tjzpf toHk;jyK&mwGif tcsdK;rus
yg[k a0zefxm;onf/
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Palm OS ESifh wGJ xm; aom
vufywfem&D jzpfonf/ em&Dwpfv;kH
tjzpfom jrifMurnfjzpfí yg0if
xnfhoGif;xm;aom pGrf;aqmifcsuf
u rxifrSwfzG,f jzpfonf/ ta&;
58
BuD;aom zkef;eHygwfrsm;? tcsdef;
tcsufrsm; ponfh udk,fa&;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;Edkifonf/
xdok Ykd xnfoh iG ;f ajymif;vJ&eftwGuf
tjcm; Palm wpfv;kH odYk r[kwf uGef
ysLwmrsm;odkYvnf; USB BudK;jzifh
csdwfqufEdkifonf/ em&D\ 'dkifcGuf
rsufESmjyifudk toHk;jyKrsm;tBudKuf
ajymif;Edkifonf/ aps;EIef;rSm a':vm
249 jzpfonf/
Gizmondo
Microsoft Windows pepfukd
tajccHxm;aom vufuikd o f ;kH ypön;f
jzpfonf/ MP3 player, e-mail, digi-
tal camera rsm; ponf yg0ifonf/
uGef&uf csdwf quf rI rsm; t wGuf
bluetooth pepfudk oHk;xm;onf/
display screen twGuf auseyfz, G f
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
jzpfonf[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ aps;
EIef;rSm a':vm 399 jzpfonf/
External USB drive
Iomega Rev 35GB/90GB
hard disk wpfvHk; jzpfí USB2.0
udk toHk;jyKxm;onf/ uGefysLwm
wGif;rS tcsuftvuf? zdkifrsm;udk
odrf;qnf;jcif;? odkavSmifjcif;rsm;
twGuf oifah vsmfí xdo k Ykd ajymif;vJ
&mwGif drag-and drop enf;jzifhyif
vG,fulpGm aqmif &Guf Edkif onf/
tcsuftvufzdkifrsm;udk password
jzifh umuG,fxm;Edkifí vdQKU0Suf
uk'fpmvHk;rsm;tjzpfvnf; ajymif;vJ
Edkifonf/ BIOSes pepf xnfhoGif;
xm;onf/ Desktop ESifh note-
book ESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGuf tqifajy
ygonf/ Drive rsm;udk xnfo h iG ;f &ef
tdrfcGHtjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/
qufo, G &f efrmS www.dcomputer
.com jzpfonf/
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BenQ (Thailand) rS xkwv
f yk f
í LCD screen rSm 2.5 vufr &dS
onf/ tav;csdefrSm 130 *&rfom
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mega pixel resolution, 3x opti-
cal zoom lens / 3.6x digital zoom
jzpfMuonf/ ½ky&f iS tf jzpfvnf; toH
ESifhwuG ½dkuful;Edkifonf/ wefzdk;rSm
xdkif;bwfaiG 13ç900 jzpfonf/
 COMPUTER ACCESSORIES ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
uGeyf sLwm\ odak vSmifypön;f rsm;taMumif;
odrYk [kwf urÇmh yxrqH;k [mh''f pf
Personal computer (PC)
[lí odxm;Muonfh wpfOD;csif;oHk;
uGefysLwmwpfvHk;twGif;rS [mh'f'pf
udk uGefysLwm oHk;aeMuolwdkif; od
Muygonf? jrifzl;Muygonf/ uGef
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rsm;wGif wpfck t yg t 0if jzpf í
tcsut f vufrsm;udk odak vSmif odr;f
qnf;xm;onfh t"du ae&mvnf;
jzpfonf/
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xJwGifyif &dSrnfr[kwfay/ xdkpOfu
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jzpfaomfvnf; rD;vHk;rsm;? rD;cvkwf?
rD;BudK;rsm;jzifhom jynfhaecJhygonf/
tcsuftvufrsm;udk oGif;jcif; odkY
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rsm;? rD;cvkwfrsm;udk ajymif;a&TUjcif;
jzifh cuf cJ pGm aqmif&GufcJhMu&yg
onf/
60
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rsm;udk odak vSmiford ;f qnf;cJMh uonfh
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twGuf ydrk akd umif;rGeaf omenf;vrf;
rsm;udk okawoejyK &SmazGcyhJ gonf/
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twGiu f s,fq;kH aom odak vSmif
ypönf;wpfckrSm magnetic tape ac:
wdyrf sm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdYk ukd [mh''f pf
rsm; ay:ayguf oHk;pGJaeMuonfhwdkif
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wGif u,fvzD ;kd eD;,m;jynfe,f? qef
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Ramac (Random Access Me-
mory Accounting and Control)
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ygonf/ tqdkyg [mh'f'pfonf xdk
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aom [mh'f'pftjzpf rSwfwrf;wifcJh
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pifwpfcEk iS hf oP²mefwo l nf/ tcsyf
jym;wpfckpDwGif tuefY (sectors)
1000 yg0ifí 7-bit EIef;jzifh zGJUpnf;
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jzpfí odkavSmifEdkifrIonf 40GB rS
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jzpf M uygonf / SCSI pepf j zif h
wyfqifxm;aom [mh'f'pfrsm;wGif
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rsm;u The IBM 350 disk stor-
age unit odYk r[kwf tqdy k g [mh''f pf
BuD;onf uGefysLwm orkdif;wGif
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vnf; tvGefrsm;jym;aom tae
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onf txl;ojzifh aiGpm&if;rsm;
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61
 COMPUTER ACCESSORIES ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
trsdK;tpm;rsm; tm;vHk;wGif rjzpf
rae wyfqif&onfyh pön;f jzpfvmcJh
onf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif 10MB &dS
aom [mh'f'pfrsm;udk IBM PC rsm;
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pGrf;&nf jrifhrm;EIef; jrefvmcJhonf/
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t&G,ftpm; [mh'f'pfrsm;udk wDxGif
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twGif; xnfhoGif;wyfqif&ef rvdk
tyfao;yg/ PDA, MP3 player,
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rsm;twGufom &nf&G,fygonf/
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f iG f [mh''f pfrsm;\
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NEW PRODUCTS
NEW PRODUCTS

DELL INSPIRON 9200

POWER NOTEBOOK
Dell Inspiron 9200 onf vrf;cif;ausmufjym;wpfcsyfuhJokdY
3.5 uDvkd*&rfrQ av;vHaeaomfvnf; 1440 x 900 resolution &Sd
17 t&G,f jrifuGif;us,f display unit av;udk toHk;jyK&onfrSm
yif auseyfp&m jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/ 2 GHz Pentuim M chip udk
oHk;xm;ojzifh performance rSm thHMo&avmufatmif aumif;rGef
vSonf/ 128 MB A 21 Radeon 9700 card ukd xnhfay;xm;
onfhtjyif 802.11b/g ESifh 802.lla Wi-Fi ESpfrsdK;udk support
vkyfay;Ekdifygonf/ odkY&mwGif þrQ tiftm;aumif;aumif;
oHk;xm;aomaMumifh bufx&Dawmh pm;vS\/ xkdYtwl owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;rSmvnf; a':vm 2550 &Sdonf/

BUFFALO DRIVESTATIONS
EXTERNAL HARD DRIVES
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xyfxnfh&ef tcuftcJjzpfaechJygvQif toHk;jyKEkdifaprnfh
external hard drive wpfrsdK;udk Buffalo Technology ukrÜPDrS
xkwfvkyfa&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/ USB 1.1 odkYr[kwf 2.0 connec-
tion ESpfrsdK;vHk;jzifh toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ xl;jcm;csufrSm Windows 98
ESifh ME uhJokdYaom version tedrfhrsm;twGufyif oD;jcm; drives
jzifh armif;wif&ef rvkdtyfay/ tqkdyg Bufflo Drivestation
wpfck\ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 145 a':vm jzpf\/

TRUST SP 3600A 2.1 SPEAKER SET

SPEAKERS
uGefysLwm toHk;jyKolrsm;onf ,cktcg pm;yGJay:wGif ae&m
,lrIusOf;um 'DZkdif;vSyaom uGefysLwmrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyKvkdvmMu
onf/ xkwfvkyfolrsm;uvnf; xkdokdYaom uGefysLwmorm;rsm;\
tm½Hu k kd jznfq
h nf;ay;um xkwv f yk Mf u\/ 'DZkdif;vSvS oyf&yfaom
yDpDrsm;ESifh vkdufzufnDaprnfh 2.1 speaker system wpfrsdK;udk
*smreDEkdifiHrS Trust ukrÜPDrS xkwfvkyfvkdufonf/ txl;ojzifh
i Mac ESifh i Book wkdYtwGuf &nf&G,f xkwfvkyfjcif;jzpf\/ 5 W
speaker ESpfvHk;ESifh 18 w subwoofer wpfvHk;yg&Sdum wpfpHkudk 68
a':vmjzifh a&mif;csvkdufonf/ Speaker set \ frequency range
rSm 60-17,000 Hz jzpfonf/

64 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 NEW PRODUCTS

CTX P 972 (L)

FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY
uGefysLwmjzifh vkyfief;vkyfukdif&mwGif tm½Hkpl;pkduf,l&onfh
tajctaersdK; r&Sdap&efESifh 'DZkdif;tqiftjyif vSyap&ef
NyD;jynfhpHkaom flat-panel display unit av;udk CTX ukrÜPDrS
P972 (L) model jzifh rMumao;rDu xkwfvkyfa&mif;cschJonf/
¤if;wGif 0.294 mm dot pitch onfvnf;aumif;? 450:1 contrast
ratio onfvnf;aumif;? 1280 x 1024 resolution onfvnf;
aumif;? anti-glare coating onfvnf;aumif;? Portrait/
landscape pivot facilities rsm;onfvnf;aumif; BudKuf
ESpfoufp&m tcsuftvufrsm;pGm yg&Sdvmonf/
owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 552 a':vm jzpf\/

ARIES MEDIA ESSENTIAL

MEDIA CENTER PC
taemufEkdifiHrsm;wGif Media Center PC rsm;
ay:jyLvmjzpfaeonfhtwGuf Watferd Electronic ukrÜPDrS
a':vmaiG 850 cefYjzifh xkwfvkyfvkdufaom yDpDjzpfonf/
¤if;onf Media Center 2005 Edition twGuf txl;qif,if
xkwfvkyfchJonf[kvnf; qkdEkdifonf/ tjrifh 2 vufrrQyif
r&Sdí opfvGifawmufajymifaom yHkpH&Sdjcif;aMumifh yHkpH'DZkdif;
tm;jzifhvnf; qef;opfaeonf/ Hi-fi stereo player
taejzifhoHk;oHk;? video player taejzifhxm;xm;? ½kyfjrif
oHMum; zrf;puftaejzifh MunfhMunhf &Ekdifap&ef oHk;rsdK;
aygif;pyf yg0ifxm;onf/ DVD-Rom/CD-Drive wpfckudk
yl;wGJ wyfqifvkdvQif wyfqifEkdif&ef slot toifhyg&Sd\/

E1ZO COLOREDGE CG 220

FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY
Mac Expo 2004 wGif pwifrdwfqufchJaom tBuD;pm; flat-
panel armfeDwmjzpfonf/ 'DZkdif;vkyfudkifolrsm;twGuf py,f&,
S f
t&G,t f pm;ESihf pHcsdepf n
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Jh nf[kvnf;
qkdEkdifonf/ aps;EIef;rSmvnf; a':vm 6375 &Sdojzifh professional
orm;rsm;ESifh xDaygufolrsm;twGuf xkwfvkyfonfavm[k
ajymprSwf jzpfMu&onf/ 22 vufr t&G,ftpm;&Sdí aspect ratio
16:10 &Su d m resolution rSmvnf 1920 x 1200 &Sad eaomaMumifh
Adobe RGB color space twGuf &mEIef;jynfh jznfhpGrf;ay;Ekdifaom
armfeDwmyif jzpfonf/ aps;EIef;BuD;jrifhNyD; t&nftaoG; tvGef
jrifhrm;onfhtavsmuf tmrcHudkvnf; ig;ESpf owfrSwfay;xm;\/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 65

NEW PRODUCTS

GECUBE RADEON X 700 PRO

GRAPHIC CARD
ATI Radeon X 700 core tjzpf toHk;csaom chipset wGif
xkdif0rfEkdifiH&Sd Ge Cube ukrÜPDrS Radeon X700 trnfjzifh graph-
ics card wpfrsdK;udk aps;uGufodkY pwif rdwfqufvmygonf/
¤if;wGif 16 x PCI Express interface udk oHk;xm;um 128 MB -
DDR RAM ESifhtwl Direct X 9.0 C twGuf yhHydk; jznhfqnf;ay;
xm;onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh *drf;upm;olrsm;\ vkdvm;awmifhw
csufudk ajz&Sif;vkdojzifh xkwfvkyfvkdufjcif;[lívnf;qkdEkdifonf/
Frame rates rsm;ESifh rendering twGuf tvGefaumif;\/ odkYaomf
Radeon X 800 \ t&nftaoG;udkawmh rrDao;ay/ Radeon X
700 Pro wpfpHkpmudk a':vm 260 jzifh owfrSwfa&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/

DELL AXIM X 50
PDA
Resolution 320 x 240 &Sd 3.5 vufrt&G,f display av;
yg&Sdum Bluetooth pepfukdvnf; built-in wyfqifay;xm;aom
PDA av;jzpfonf/ Dell ukrP Ü rD S Axim x 50 [k model
owfrSwf xkwfvkyfchJjcif; jzpf\/ VOIP (Voice Over Internet
Protocol)udk jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifrnfh headset connection
wpfckvnf; yg&Sdonf/ voice recognition pepfudk toifhoHk;Ekdif
onf/ Wireless LAN pGrf;aqmifcsufrsm;vnf; tykdxnhfay;xm;
ao;onf/ ¤if;wGif Windows Mobile 2003 SE udk toHk;jyK
xm;onf/ Axim X 50 wpfvHk;\ wefzkd;rSm 476 a':vmjzpf\/

HELA ROLL UP KEYBOARD

FLEXIBLE, WASHABLE KEYBOARD
aysmhaysmif;í avQmfzGwfí&aom uD;bkwf[k nTef;qkdvkdufyg
u t0wfavQmfpufxJxnfhí avQmfvQif jzpfEkdifrnfvm;[k
ar;vmchJvQif tJavmufawmh rjzpfEkdifyg[kyif qkd&rnf/
Hela Roll up keyboard av;onf aysmhaysmif;ojzifh vdyfí
odrf;qnf;xm;Ekdifonf/ odkYaomf acgufír&ay/ ¤if;ay:wGif
a&pufrsm;usvQif qyfjym jr§Kyfjzifh okwfaq;,lEkdifonf/
odkY&mwGif t0wfavQmfpufxJ xnfhí r&ay/ NAdwdefEkdifiHaps;uGuf
yxrqHk; pwif rdwfqufay;chJojzifh a&mif;aps;rSm
pwmvifaygif 49 [k od&Sd&onf/

68 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 NEW PRODUCTS

SANYO ICR - B 250

VOICE RECORDER
½Hk;oHk;? ausmif;oHk; wpfukd,fa&oHk; toHoGif;pufav;yif
jzpf\/ Sanyo ukrÜPD\ xl;jcm;csufrSm ta&miftaoG;
awmufajymifvSyjcif;yif jzpfaomaMumifh jrifawGU&vQifyif
BudKufESpfoufpzG,f 'DZkdif;av; &Sdaeonf/ ICR - B 250 av;onf
tpnf;ta0; rSwfwrf;twGufjzpfjzpf? ausmif;oifcef;pm ydkYcscsuf
twGufjzpfjzpf pdwfBudKufoHk;Ekdifonf/ 25 em&DMum oGif;,lxm;
Ekdifonf/ AAA trsdK;tpm; bufx&D wpfvHk;jzifhom oHk;&NyD;
wpfvHk;udk 17 em&DMumrQ toHk;csEkdifrnf jzpf\/ USB 2.0
connection oHk; ypönf;av;jzpfum data transfer ratio 480
mbps txd &&Sdonf/ tDvufx&Gef;epf ta&mif;qkdifwkdif;wGif
a':vm 220 jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdif&ef jzefYcsdxm;NyD; jzpfonf/

ACER CR-6530
DIGITAL CAMERA
uGefysLwmavmuodkY 0ifa&mufvmchJaomumvrSm odyfrMum
jrifhchJaomfvnf; t&Sdeft[kefaumif;aumif; jzpfae&onfh ukrÜPDrSm
Acer yif jzpfonf/ Digital camera xkwfvkyfrIESifh ywfoufí
vnf; model oHk;rsdK;om ,aeYtxd xkwfvkyfxm;ao;onf/
¤if;wkdYtxJrS CR-6530 onf Acer ukrÜPDxkwf uifr&mrsm;teuf
taumif;qHk;[k qkdEkdifonf/ 6 Mp CCD seaser wpfck? 3 x
optical zoom wpfckESifh 4 x digital zoom wpfckwkdY yg&Sdum
resolution 2816 x 2122 txd&Sdaom yHkrsm;udk ½kduful;,lEkdifonf/
uifr&mESifhtwl 64 MB SD card yg&Sdvmonf/ Acer CR - 6530
wpfvHk; a&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 900 cefY jzpfonf/

TRUST PW-4105 UPS 1000 MANAGEMENT

UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY
uGefysLwmtoHk;jyK&mwGif yg0g &yfwefYjywfawmufrI&Sdjcif;
aMumifh taESmihft,Sufrsm;pGm BuHKawGUEkdifonf/ xkdYtjyif electric-
ity spikers rsm; surges rsm; &SdvmvQif uGefysLwm[mh'f0Jrsm;
ysufpD;rItxd BuHKawGU&wwfonf/ Trust ukrÜPDrS aemufqHk;ay:
tjzpf xkwfvkyfchJaom UPS PW-4105 onf tqkdyg tcuftcJrsm;
udk vHk;0uif;&Sif;pGm ausmfvTm;Ekdifaprnfjzpf\/ rdrd toHk;jyKae
aom uGefysLwmyg0g jywfawmufoGm;chJvQif ¤if;&Sdaeygu backup
vkyf&efESifh power shut-down vkyf&eftwGuf rdepf 70 rQ xdef;
ay;xm;ygvdrfhrnf/ PW-4105 \ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm
a':vm 210 jzpfonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 69

NEW PRODUCTS
TOSHIBA - SATELLITE M 30
HIGH-END MULTIMEDIA NOTEBOOK
jrefrmjynfaps;uGuftwGuf yxrqHk;a&muf&Sdvmonfh
tqifhjrifh multimedia notebook trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/
15.4 vufrt&G,f W x GATFT ac: jrifuGif;us,fyHkazmf
rsufESmjyif wyfqifyg&Sdonf/ omref t&G,ftpm;xuf
20 &mckdifEIef;xufrenf; viewing area ydkrdk&aponf/
NVIDIA Geforce F X AGP bus ESifhtwl 64 MB DDR
video memory yg&So d jzifh 3D world \ t&omudk tjynfh
t0 cHpm;cGi&hf Ekid o
f nf/ ¤if;wGif toH;k jyKxm;aom proces-
sor rSm Intel Centrino mobile technology yg0ifxm;jcif;
aMumifh pGrf;aqmif&nf jrifhrm;um bufx&Doufwrf;
ydk&SnfMumapNyD; BudK;rhJqufoG,frItm; ydkaumif;\/ yg;yg;
vsvs ukd,fxnfav;udk mettalic-silver jzifh zHk;tkyfxm;
ojzifh tvGefvSy pwkdifajzmifhvSonf/ Mobile Entertain-
ment t&om cHpm;apEki d rf nfh CD-RW/DVD-ROM
Combo drive wyfqifxm;ay;\/ a,bk,svkdtyfcsuf
rsm;twGuf 40 GB disk, 256 MB DDR SDRAM wdYk EiS hf
twl Expension Ports tjynfhtpHk? USB 2.0 port oHk;ck?
TV-out port rsm; yg0ifonf/ tifwmeufqufoG,frI
twGuf 56 K internet moden/10/100 Mbps Ethernet
rsm; xnfhxm;ay;onf/ toHydkif;qkdif&mtwGuf built-in
microphone wdkYtm; toifhxnhfxm;í ¤if;wkdYtm; 3D
sound/ Full duplex ESifh MIDI support rsm; jyKvkyfay;
rnfh 16 bit stereo sound bluster Pro wyfqifxm;onf/
System ydkif;wGif Windows XP Home Edition toifhESifh
Microsoft Office One Note 2003 wdkYudk
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72 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f {Nyv
IN YANGON
VIEW SONIC CW 2403
WIRELESS KEYBOARD AND MOUSE COMBO
pwkdifusus ypönf;rsm;jzifh toHk;jyKvkdaom uGefysLwm
toHk;jyKolrsm;twGuf View Mate Desktop Collection
wpfck[k qkd&rnf/ View Sonic ukrÜPDonf Desktop
uGefysLwmrsm;twGuf ypönf;rsm; xkwfvkyfrIwGif
pwdkifuserIqkdif&mqkudk &&SdchJonf/ tqkdygqkwGif display
ESifh speakers rsm;rStp Keyboard ESifh mouse txd
nTef;qdkxm;\/ BudK;rhJpepfoHk; Keyboard ESifh mouse
twGJvkduf Combo udk teufa&mifjzifhwpfrsdK;?
aiGa&mifjzifhwpfrsdK; 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygonf/ Key board wGif
tifwmeufESifh rmwDrD'D,moHk; uD;rsm;tjyif application
rsm;twGuf toHk;0ifvSonfh hot keys rsm; udkvnf;
xnfhoGif; wnfaqmufxm;onf/
Advanced multimedia twGuf hot keys av;ck?
Internet twGuf oHk;ck? default application rsm;twGuf
ESpfck? user-definable twGuf ESpfckESifh sleep twGuf
wpfck yg&Sdí pkpkaygif; 12 ck tydkyg&Sdaernfjzpf\/
Mouse twGufvnf; oyf&yfvSyaom cradle av; yg0if
aernf/ ¤if;wGif b,foefjzpfap? nmoefjzpfap vkdtyf
ovkd toHk;jyKEkdif&ef programmable wwd,cvkwfwpfck
tydkyg&Sd\/ USB twGufjzpfap? PS2 twGufjzpfap
Compatible jzpfap&ef pDpOfxm;onf/ toHk;jyKaom
uGefysLwmonf Windows 95 rSpí XP txd rnfonfh
OS jzifhrqkd toHk;jyKEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;twGuf receiver
adaptor rSm AC/DC ESpfrsdK;vHk; &Ekdifí DC twGuf 16 U
jzpfonf/
«Fidonet uGeyf sLwmta&mif;qkid w f iG f usyaf iG 50000 jzifh
0,f,&l &SEd idk yf gonf/»
D ? 2005 ckEpS f
DIGITAL MUSIC PLA
IGITAL YER
LAYER

Capacity 128 MB
Capacity 128 MB - 256 MB

Function Function
MP3 player MP3 player
Data Storage Drive [USB 2.0] Data Storage Pen drive [USB.20]
Voice Recorder Voice Recorder
«Via Technolog
echnology y ta&mif;qkdif - «K.M.D ta&mif;qkdif - 128 MB -
36000 usy»f 46000usy?f 256 MB - 63000 usy»f

Capacity 128 MB
Capacity 256 MB
Function
MP3 player Function
Data Storage drive [USB 2.0] MP3 player
FM Radio Data Storage drive [USB 2.0]
Voice Recorder FM Radio
«Via Technolog
echnology y ta&mif;qkdif - Voice Recorder
55000 usy»f «i Com ta&mif;qkid f - 45000 usy»f

74 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f {Nyv

D ? 2005 ckEpS f
 Capacity 128 MB
Capacity 256 MB Capacity 256 MB
Function
MP3 player Function Function
Data Storage drive [USB 2.0] MP3 player MP3 player
Voice Recorder FM Radio Data Storage drive [USB 2.0]
«Via Technolog
echnology y ta&mif;qkdif - Voice Recorder Voice Recorder
33000 usy»f «MGP ta&mif;qkid f - 61500 usy»f «MGP ta&mif;qkid f - 99000 usy»f

Capacity 512 MB

Capacity 256 MB Capacity 128 MB

Function
Function Function MP3 player
MP3 player MP3 player Data Storage Pen drive [USB 2.0]
Data Storage Pen drive [USB.20] Data Storage Pen drive [USB2.0] FM Radio, Voice Recorder
FM radio FM radio Stopwatch, Pedometor
Voice Recorder Voice Recorder Caloric counter
«Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkid f - 58000 usy»f «Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkid f - 43000 usy»f «Techno Land ta&mif;qkdif -
120800 usy»f
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f {Nyv
D ? 2005 ckEpS f 75
 FOR YOUR INFORMATION ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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DIGITAL CAMERA
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,aeYacwfwGif "mwfyHkorm; rsm;udk toH;k jyKonfh uifr&mrsm;jzifh a&mif;csonft h qift h xd jzpfvmay

wkdif; digital camara udk toHk;jyK
vmMu&ouho J Ydk uGeyf sLwmjzifh vkyf
ief; vkyuf ikd o
f w l idk ;f digital cam-
era onf r&Sdrjzpf input device
ozG,f toHk;jyKaeMu&ayonf/
1878 ckESpfrSpí "mwfyHkynmESifh
ywfoufonfh tajccHoabmw&m;
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prf;oyf wDxGifchJMujcif; jzpfonf/
xkdYaemuf zvifrsm; toHk;jyKonfh
uifr&mrsm;jzifh prf;oyfwDxGifchJMu
jcif; jzpfonf/xdkYaemuf zvifrsm;
toHk;jyKonfh uifr&mrsm;[lí jzpf
ay:vm&um?zviftoH;k jyK uifr&m
rsm;\ t&nftaoG;ESihf pwkid yf pkH rH sm;
wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh wkd;wufvmchJ&
onf/ 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG f 'pf*spw
f ,f
qkdif&m "mwfyHkynmudk pwif rdwf
qufcí Jh 1994 ckESpf a&mufaomf
VGA camera rsm;udk xkwfvkyf
onf/ wpfzef 1996 ckESpfwGif
uifr&mavmuwGif xdyw f ef; pm&if;
0if jzpfaom Canon ESifh Nikon
ukrÜPDrsm;uyif digital camera
xkwfvkyf a&mif;csjcif; e,fy,fodkY
0ifa&mufvmchJ\/ rnfokdYyifjzpfap
1996 ckESpf PMA (Photo Mar-
keting Association) ukefpnfjyyGJ
txd digital camera rsm;\ vuf&dS
resolution rsm; rwkd;jr§ifhEkdifao;
ojzifh zvif "mwfyHkorm;rsm;u
t&mra&mufaom uifr&mrsm;[k
rSwfcsufjyKaeMuqJ jzpfonf/
20 &mpkEpS uf ek íf 21 &mpkEpS of Ykd
0ifa&mufcsdefrSpí digital camera
rsm;\ t&nftaoG;ESifh tqifh
twef;rsm;onf wpfESpfESifh wpfESpf
rwlawmhum avSum;xpftm; wpf
xpfcsif; wufvmouhJodkY &SdvmchJ
onf/ 2004 ckESpf a&mufaomtcg
digital camera rsm;\ t&nf
taoG;onf thHrcef;avmufpzG,f
wkd;wuf zGHUNzdK;rIrsm; &SdaMumif; jrif
awGUMu&awmh\/ aMu;pm;"mwfyHk
q&mrsm;yif rnfrQ aumif;onfh
zvifuifr&mrsm;&So d nfjzpfap digi-
tal camera wpfvHk;udkawmh &Sdxm;
oifhonfhtaetxm; jzpfvmonf/
xkdYtwl owif;enf;ynmESifh quf
oG,af &;u@wGifvnf;aumif;? yHEk ydS f
xkwfa0olrsm; tydkif; wG i f v nf ;
aumif; &SdaeMuonf/ uGefysLwm

78 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○
wdik ;f onfvnf; digital camera udk
0,f,loHk;&onf tajctaersm;
&Sdaeonf/
þae&mwGif digital camera
ESifh Web camera uGJjym; jcm;em;rI
tajccHoabmw&m;udv k nf; azmfjy
ay;&ef vkdtyfygvdrfhrnf/ Web
cam rsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh 640
x 480 xufrjrifhaom resolution
om yhHydk;ay;Ekdifí digital camera
rsm;onf resolution taejzifh 1280
x 960 pixels cefYudk tvG,fwul
yhHydk;xkwfay;Ekdifonf/ Web cam
onf yDpDwpfvHk;jzifh qufoG,fxm;
rI r&Sv d Qif "mwfyrkH &,lEidk af y/ ¤if;\
yg0grSmvnf; interface cable rS
,lxm;&onf/ Digital camera
rsm;rSmrl ukd,fydkif power source
jzifh "mwfyrkH sm;udk vGwvf yfpmG ½ku d ,f l
Ekdifonfhtjyif video clips tenf;
i,frQyif tenf;qHk;tqifhjzifh rSwf
wrf;wif ½kduful;Ekdifonf/ tcsdKU
aomtqifhjrifh digital cameras
rsm;wkdYonf built-in microphone
rsm; yg&Sv d mwwfí t½kyt f oHEpS rf sKd ;
vHk;udk record vkyfxm;ay;onf/
Web cam jzifh audio toHrsm;yg
&,lvkdygu oD;jcm; microphone
wpfckudk yDpDodkY qufoG,f,lrSom
toHudkyg vufcH &,lEkdifayonf/
Web cams rsm;wGif qHkrSwfwm csdef
n§dí r&bJ digital cameras rsm;
wGifrl qHkrSwfwm csdefn§djcif; jyKvkyf
aqmif&GufEkdifygonf/
Digital cameras rsm;onf
CCD odkYr[kwf CMOS sensor
wpfckckudk toHk;jyKxm;wwfonf/
¤if;onf tvif;udk zrf;í electri-
cal change wpfcu k kd ajymif;ay;jcif;
jzpf\/ CCD sensors rsm;onf
t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;aom yHk&dyfrsm;
udk &,lEkdifaponf/ CCD sensor
wpfck\ t&G,ftpm;rSm cefYrSef;ajc
4.4 mm x 6.6 mm &Sdí zvifoHk;
uifr&mrsm;\ 24 mm x 36 mm
t&G,ftpm;ESifh wlnDonf/ Digi-
tal camera rsm;twGuf resolution
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
udk azmfjy&mwGif megapixel rating
jzifh azmfjyavh&Sd\/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
2.1 mega pixels onf (1600 pix-
els x 1200 pixels) udk &nfnTef;
ay;onf/
Digital camera rsm; pwif
xkwv f yk cf &Jh pOfu 8 MB rS 16 MB
txd&Sdaom built-in memory rsm;
jzifh tuefYtowfxm; xkwfvkyfchJ
aomfvnf; aemufyikd ;f wGif Compact
Flash card odkYr[kwf Smart Me-
dia odYkr[kwf memory stick ponf
jzifh yHkpHwpfckckjzifh memory up-
grades rsm;jzifh xkwv f yk cf MJh uonf/
uGefysLwmrsm;jzifh qufoG,f
toHk;jyKEkdif&ef USB okdYr[kwf par-
allel port rsm;jzifh connections rsm;
wyfqif ,lMu&onf/ USB inter-
face onf ajymif;a&TUrIEIef;xm;
tvGeaf umif;rGeo f nfth jyif vkyif ef;
aqmif&Guf&mwGif ykdrkdtqifajyap
ygonf/
79
 FOR YOUR INFORMATION ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Digital cameras rsm;twGuf
rechargeable batteries rsm;ud k
toH k ; jyKMu&onf / LCD view
finder rsm;aMumifh Power con-
sunption rsm;jym;aewwf o nf /
tcsdKUaom uifr&m xkwfvkyfolrsm;
onf ¤if;wkdY uifr&mrsm;twGuf
power adapters rsm; xnfhay;avh
&Sdonf/ tcsdKUonf bufx&D ouf
wrf;udk acRwmay;Edkifap&eftwGuf
seperate monocrome display
80
tqifhwkdYonf megapixel rating
wpfcw k nf;ay:wGif rlwnfowfrw S f
Mujcif; r[kwfay? ¤if;\ feature
ESifh functions rsm;tay: rlwnfí
owfrSwfcGJjcm;,lMujcif; jzpfonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh begineer trsdK;tpm;
wGif yg0ifaom kodak Easy Share
DX7630 onf 6.1 megapixel rat-
ing &SdaeNyD; Intemediate trsdK;
tpm; rS Sony-Xacti VPC-C onf
3.2 megapixel rating om &Sdaeyg
onf/
Fashion style trsdK;tpm;wGif
yg0ifaom uifr&mrsm;onf toGif
tajctaersdK; zefwD; jyKvkyfay;
onf/ xkYdtwl LCD screen av;udk
view finder tjzpf toH;k jyKum wku d f
½kdufMunhfí&aom regular view
finder udk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifhvnf;
bufx&Dyg0gudk acRwmoHk;pGJEkdifMu
ygonf/
Digital camera wpfvHk;wGif
wyfqifxm;onfh optical zoom-
ing onf electrical zoom func-
tion xuf ta&;yg t&ma&mufvS
onf/ Digital camera tm;vHk;
avmuf eD;eD;onf automatic ad-
justable zoom lens rsm; yg&Sdwwf
onf/
Digital cameras rsm;udk fash-
ion style trsdK;tpm;? beginner
trsdK;tpm;? intermediate trsdK; tjyiftrsdK;rsdK;? t&nftaoG;trsdK;
tpm;? professional trsdK;tpm; rsdK; yg0ifaeMurnfjzpfNyD; opfvGif
[lí jrifawGUEkdifMurnf jzpfNyD; pro- vSycsppf zG,&f rdS EI iS hf ayghyg;rIukd OD;pm;
fessional (power) trsdK;tpm;wGif ay;umo,f,&l vG,u f al omt&G,f
vnf; tqifo h ;kH qifh xyfrcH x
JG m;jyef tpm;rsm;ESifh xkwfvkyfavh &SdMuyg
ao;onf/ tqkdyg trsdK;tpm;ESifh onf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
 FOR YOUR INFORMATION ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

2005 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv ppfwrf;t& beginner 2. Fuji film Fine a':vm - 650
trsdK;tpm; xdyfwef;pm&if;0if ig;rsdK;rSm Pix 520 Pro (6.2 Mp)
1. Kodak Easy Share a':vm - 510 3. Sanyo Xacti VPC - C1 (3.2 Mp) a':vm - 850
DX7630 (6.1 Mp) 4. Nikon Coolpix 5200 (5.1 Mp) a':vm - 580
2. Konica Minolta a':vm - 340 5. Nikon Coolpix 5400 (5.1 Mp) a':vm - 850
Dimage 210 (3.3 Mp)
Professional trsd K ;tpm;
3. HP Photosmart R - 507 (4.1 Mp) a':vm - 365
xdyfwef;pm&if;0if ig;rsdK;rSm
4. HP Photosmart R-707 (5.1 Mp) a':vm - 425
1. Canon EOS 300 D (6.3 Mp) a':vm - 1450
5. Canon PowerShot A 85 (4 Mp) a':vm - 408
2. Nikon D 70 (6.1 Mp) a':vm- 1700
Intermediate trsd K ;tpm; 3. Olympus Camedia a':vm - 1280
xdyfwef;pm&if;0if ig;rsKd;rSm - C 8080 Wide zoom (8 Mp)
1. Olympus Camedia a':vm - 670 4. Canon EOS 20D (8.3 Mp) a':vm- 2160
C-770 Ultra Zoom (4 Mp) 5. Sony Cyber Shot DSC F828 (8 Mp) a':vm -1360

Professional (power) trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk digital SLR camera rsm;[kvnf; ac:qkdygonf/ SLR qdkonfrSm Signle-
Lens reflex \ twdkaumufa0g[m& jzpf\/ tcsdKUuifr&mrsm;onf SLR tjyif manual jzifh tao;pdwf csdefwG,f,lEkdif
aom taetxm;rsm; xnfhoGif;ay;xm;wwfonf/ SLR digital camera rsm;jzifh tEkynmvuf&majrmufaom yHkrsm;txd
½dkuful;&,lEkdifojzifh aMu;pm;"mwfyHkq&mrsm; r&Sdrjzpf uifr&mwpfvHk;taejzifh ,cktcg toHk;jyKvsuf &Sdae&ygonf/
¤if;wdkYwGif basic digital SLRs tqifh? midrange digital SLRs tqifhESifh high-end digital SLRs tqifh[lí tqifh
oHk;qifh &Sdonf/
aps;EIef;rsm;rSm puFmyla':vm aps;EIef;jzifh azmfjyxm;onf/

82 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

aps;EIef;rsm;rSm puFmyla':vm aps;EIef;jzifh azmfjyxm;onf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 83

 FOR YOUR INFORMATION ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

r Mum ao; rD u 2005 ckESpf

twGuf AP Award rsm; xkwfjyef
aMunmcho J nf/ oyf&yfvyS í pGrJ uf
p&maumif;aom Enthusiast Digi-
tal Compact of the year qkudk
Canon Powershot G6 u &&SdchJ
onf/ xkdqktwGuf ¤if;ESifhtwl
aemufqHk;pumwif a&G;cs,frIwGif
Casio Exilim P 600 ESihf Olympus
C 50 60 Z wkdY yg&SdchJ\/ Digital
Bridge Camera of the year qkudk
Konica Minolta Di Mage A2 u
&&SdchJygonf/ xdkqktwGuf ¤if;ESifh
twl aemufqHk;pumwif a&G;cs,frI ESihf Konica Minolta Dynax 60 wdYk aemufq;kH pumwiftjzpf a&G;cs,frI
wGif Canon Power-Shot SI Pro, yg0ifchJ\/ DSLR of the year ESifh wGif Canon EOS, D Mark II,
Product of the year qkudk Nikon Canon EOS 200 ES i f h Konica
Nikon Coolpix B 700 ES i f h
D 70 u &&SdchJonf/ ¤if;ESifhtwl Minolta dynax 7D wdYkyg0ifco
Jh nf/
Olympus C-8080 wdYk yg0ifco Jh nf/
qef;opfrItwGuf Techno- &efuek Nf rKd U aps;cif;rS 0,f,&l &dES ikd af om 'pf*spw
f ,f uifr&mrsm;
logical Innovation of the year
qkudk Konica Minoltas's Anti- Lucky Bird ta&mif ; qk d i f
shake u &&SdchJonf/ ¤if;ESifhtwl HP Photo Smart M 307 130000 usyf
aemufqHk;pumwif a&G;cs,frIwGif (3.2 Mp, 3 x optical zoom, 5 x digital zoom)
Canon rS Triple layer do element?
Access Spectrum ta&mif ; qk d i f
Epson rSUltrachromeunites? Fuji
Canon Power Shot A 85 307000 usyf
rS super CCD SR ? Kodak rS Ser-
(4 Mp, 3 x optical zoom, CCD)
sor Transplant Technology wdkY
yg&SdchJonf/ K.M.D ta&mif;qkdif
aMu; pm; "mwf yHk q &m rsm; Microtek Take-it Q3 95000 usyf
tBudKuf 35 mm SLR of the year (6 mp, 4 x digital zoom)

qkudk Nikon F6 u&&SdchJonf/ ¤if; Technoland ta&mif ; qk d i f

ESithf wlaemufq;kH pumwif a&G;cs,f SonyDSC - U 50 185000 usyf
rIwGif Canon EOS 30V, Canon DSC - U 60 205000 usyf
EOS 300 x, Canon EOS 3000 V DSC - P 73 245000 usyf
DSC - P 43 210000 usyf
DSC - P 93 295000 usyf
DSC - P 100 315000 usyf
DSC - P 150 450000 usyf
DSC - W1 345000 usyf
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 ART OF GAME

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 87

 ART OF GAME (REVIEW)
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onf/ *drf;vkyfief;wGif pHk*Pef;?
sequel rsm;onf a&SUu *drf;udk
tenf;i,f rGr;f rH½rkH Qom jzpfavh&dS
onf/ wpfenf;qkad omf azmfxw k f
rIqidk &f m ukeu
f sp&dwEf iS hf tcsed uf kd
acRwm&ef graphics engine ESifh
tjcm; feature rsm;udk wpfausmh
jyefvnf oHk; pGJ jcif; jzpfonf/
Empire Earth 2 rSmawmh xke d nf;
vnf;aumif; r[kwfyg/ Mad
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
Doc \ CEO Ian Davis tqkd
t& development tzGJUonf
tajccHtkwfjrpfrSpí tptqHk;
jyefvnf vkyfaqmifchJonf[k od
&onf/ Empire Earth 2 onf
a[mif;jrif;aeaom pufrsm;ay:
wGif tvkyfjzpfap&ef scaling
down vkyE f idk pf rG ;f ESihf wpfNydKifeuf
wnf; aemufqHk;ay: Direct X 9
hardware feature tm;vHk;udkyg
axmufyhHonfh 3D graphics en-
gine ud k y g oH k ; onf / xk d Y j yif
tqifjh rifh oGijf yifvu©Pm&yfrsm;
xnhfoGif;NyD; OmPf&nfwl topf
ESifh single ESifh multiplayer
gameplay trsdK;tpm;opfrsm;
vnf; yg0ifygonf/
Empire Earth 2 epic
*drf;onf 10,000 BC rSpí 23
&mpktxd Mumjrifhygonf/ rl&if;
*drf;xufydkí acwfawG rsm;vm
ygonf/ uGjJ ym;aom vlY,Ofaus;
rI 14 rsdK;rS a&G;cs,fupm;EkdifNyD;
yif&if;,lepf 370 ESifh taqmuf
ttHk trsdK;tpm; 320 yg0if
onf/ vlrsdK;EG,fpk tkyfpki,fav;
 (PREVIEW) ART OF GAME

rQ pwif&NyD; resources rsm; sources rS tusdK; tjrwf&atmif

pkaqmif;jcif;? e,fajrcsJUxGifjcif;? jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/
enf ; ynmopf r sm; ok a woe þ*dr;f \ t"duOD;wnfcsuf
jyKvkyfjcif;wkdYjzifh acwftquf xJrS wpfckrSm gameplay udk ykdrdk
quf &Sio f efusef&pfatmif? zGUH NzdK; udkifwG,f vkyfaqmifEkdif&ef jzpf
wk;d wufatmif vkyaf qmifciG hf ay; onf/ ,cif RTS *drf;rsm;wGif
ygonf/ tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh b,fwkef;urQ r&SdchJzl;aom fea-
xdawGUrI jzpfvmonft h cg ppfa&; ture topfrsm;udk Mad Doc rS
t& jzpfap? oHwrefenf;t& xnfo h iG ;f ay;cho
J nf/ yxrtoGif
jzpfap ukdifwG,f ajz&Sif;&onf/ tjyifrSm citizen manager jzpf
udk&D;,m;tapmydkif;umv? *smref onf/ olYtrnftwkdif; tvkyf rsdK;jcif;pDtvkduf wm0efcsxm;
tv,facwfESifh US acwfopf vkyfygonf/ Empire Earth 2 aom citizen ta&twG u f u d k
orkdif;wkdYudk udk,fpm;jyKaom rpf onf rl&if;xuf ajryHyk í kd BuD;rm; vnf; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ Citi-
&Sif 30 ausmf yg0ifonfh single ojzifh oifh empire vnfywfzkdY zen wpfzGJUudk resource wpfrsdK;
player campaign oHk;ckvnf; resources rsm; pkaqmif;&ef wpf rsdK; pkaqmif;ae&mrS tjcm; re-
yg0ifygonf/ 'gZifrS &mESifhcsDonfh citizen rsm; source wpfrsdK;udk ajymif;vJ pk
Empire Earth 2 onf real- &Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;wdkYudk tao; aqmif;apvkdvQif ¤if;wkdYudk tqkd
time strategy *drf;rsm;ü e,fajr pdwf pDrcH efYc&JG jcif;rSm pdwyf suzf ,
G f yg resource icon ay:rS tjcm;
tydkif;tjcm; territory oabmudk aumif;vSonf/ oifhtaejzifh resource ay:okdY csxm;vkduf½HkyJ
pwifrdwfqufvmygonf/ ajryHk NydKif bufudk ESdrfESif;zkdYyJ tm½Hkpkduf vkyfp&mvkdygonf/ ajryHkay:wGif
udk e,fajr tydkif;tuefY ta& vkad yrnf/ Citizen manager wGif olwkdYonf t vkd t avsmuf
twGuf wpfpHkwpf&mjzifh BudKwif oif&&SdEdkiforQ resources rsm; ajymif;NyD;om; jzpfomG ;ygvdrrhf nf/
ydkif;jcm;xm;onf/ e,fajr wpf tao; pdwfudk screen wpfckxJrS aemufxyf pdwf0ifpm;p&m
ydkif;udk xdef;csKyfEkdifvQif MoZm ,lMunhEf idk o f nf/ Resource wpf feature topfrmS war-planning
csed cf iG v
f Qmonf oifb h uf,rd ;f vm
Edkifonf/ þ territories rsm;udk
oHk;NyD; þ*drf;\ euf½dIif;onfh
oabm&S d a om oH w ref a &;&m
tay: oufa&mufrIBuD;pGmjzifh
udik w f , G f toH;k csEkid of nf/ Oyrm
territory wpfckudk Nidrf;csrf;a&;
odkYr[kwf r[mrdwfpmcsKyfwkdYjzifh
vJv, S Ef idk o
f nf/ okYd r[kwt f jcm;
tzGJUwpfzGJUudk rdrde,fajrtwGif;
resources wpfrsdK;rsdK; xkwf,lcGifh
ay;Edik o f nf/ þudpw ö iG f ¤if;xHrS
&mckid Ef eI ;f wpfcck jk zifh tcGeaf umuf
Edkifonf/ þenf;jzifh ukd,fhe,f
ajrtwGif; udk,froHk;onfh re-

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 93

 ART OF GAME (PREVIEW)

system jzpfonf/ RTS *drf;

tm;vH;k vdv k w dk iG f wku
d cf u kd rf I wpf
ck jyKvkyfvkdonfhtcg ,lepfudk
t&ifa&G;? oGm;vdkonfh ae&mESifh
wku d cf udk v
f o dk nfah e&mudk click jyK
vkyfzkdY vkdtyfonf/ Empire
Earth \ war-planning sys-
tem wGif urÇmYajryHk wpfckvHk;udk
csNyxm;NyD; screen ay:wGif jrm;
awG? puf0kdif;awG qGJum wu,fh
ppfaoemywdwpfa,mufuhJodkY
tpDtrHjyKvky?f enf;AsL[m qGEJ ikd f
ygonf/ þenf;jzifh wkdufckdufrI
yHkpHudk tuGufusus jyKvkyfEkdifNyD;
,lepftcsdKUudk txl;jyK trdefYrsm; oabmusp&m oabmw&m; jzpf oufa&mufr&I o dS nf/ ESi;f rkew f idk ;f ?
ay;xm;Ekdifonf/ Oyrm tjcm; ojzifh RTS *drf;awGrSm t&if rkwo f ek &f moD? zkev f ;kH BuD;rsm;onf
,lepfrsm; yHkrSefwkdufckdufzkdY trdefY uwnf;u 'Dvdk bmvkYd rvkycf MJh u jrifEidk pf rG ;f ESihf a&GUvsm;rI tjrefEeI ;f
ay;xm;csdefwGif oif\ AHk;MuJ ovJvYdkawmif awG;rdvmygonf/ tay: ouf a&muf rI &So d nf/
av,mOfrsm;udk ta&;ygonfh t csdef um v MumjrifhpGm tzsm;tem;rSm uif;pcef;av;rsm;
wHwm;wpfckokdY oD;oefY ypfrSwf vTrf;jcHKxm;ojzifh ajrmufjrm;vS aqmuf xm; vQif rdk;av0o
xm;Edkifonf/ *drf;xJokdY jyef pGmaom trsdK;rsdK;aom ,lepfawG tajymif;tvJukd BudKwifowday;
a&mufonfhtcg tqdkyg,lepf yg0ifonf/ aemufydkif;acwfrsm; csuf&xm;ojzifh vkdovkd ajymif;
rsm;onf oif\tpDtrHtwkdif; wG i f stealth bomber ud k , f vJ pDrEH idk yf gonf/ oJrek w f idk ;f wpfck
wkdufckdufygvdrfhrnf/ r[mrdwf aysmufAHk;MuJav,mOfESifh giand u uEÅm& ppfajrjyifrS vIyf&Sm;
rsm;udv k nf; oif wku d cf u dk af y;ap robots {&mrpuf½y k rf sm; &&Sv
d myHk rIrsm; vH;k 0&yfqidk ;f oGm;apchw J mudk
vkdonfh ppfrsufESmudk nTefjyjcif; udk Davis o½kyfjychJonf/ ,lepf rsufjrif BuHKawGUchJ&onf/ tjrif
jzifh yl;aygif; aqmif&u G Ef idk yf gao; rsm;onf pGr;f aqmif&nf trsdK;rsdK; ydkif;qkdif&mt&vnf; tawmfBuD;
onf/ ynmom;yg? ESpfjcdKuf uGJjym;pGm ydkifqkdifxm;Muonf/ udk obm0usygonf/
erlemtm;jzifh olvQdK spy onf tjcm;pdwf0ifpm;p&m fea-
&efolYe,fajrtwGif; pdrfh0ifum ture topfrSm crown system
owday;uif;pcef;udk disabled jzpf o nf / ork d i f ; wpf a vQmuf
jyKvkyfjyonf/ xkdYaemuf olonf tcsdKUaom tifyg,mESifh EkdifiHwkdY
tank rsm;udak &G;NyD; &efoYltajcpku d f onf useo f nfh Ekid if rH sm;xuf xl;
pcef; tv,fwnfhwnfhudk wkduf jcm;pGm MoZmvTrf;rdk; tiftm;BuD;
cku
d jf yygonf/ &moDOwkuvnf; chMJ uonf/ Roman Empire, Brit-
*drf;xJwGif ta&;ygonfh tcef; ish Empire ESifh United state
u@u yg0ifonf/ rdk;av0o yHkpHrsdK;jzpfonf/ Crown system
tajctaeonf ajrjyif,lepfESifh onf þyHkpHudk erlem,lí RTS
ajrjyifrS a0[if,lepfrsm;tay: *drf;twGif; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;

94 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


jzpfonf/ ppfa&;t&? pD;yGm;a&;
t&? udkvkdeDe,fajr ydkifqkdifrIt&
BuD;pkd;rI crown oHk;rsdK; &Sdygonf/
pHEIef;trsdK;rsdK;udk toHk;jyKí e,f
y,ftvkduf OD;aqmifoludk ouf
qkdif&mu crown o&zljzifh csD;
jr§iyhf gvdrrhf nf/ Crown ydik qf idk o
f l
onf txl; abmeyfpfrsm;ESifh
leader unit rsm; &&Sdonf/ Mili-
tary Crown &So d o
l nf Strategic
Bombing Doctrim uhJodkY pGrf;
tm;jr§ifh tiftm;&&Sdxm;NyD; NydKif
buftay: tydk damage ay;
Ekdifygonf/ odkY&mwGif tcsdef
twkdif;twmwpfck ukefqHk;oGm;
NyD;aemuf *drf;u tmPmcsdefcGif
vQmudkoHk;oyfNyD; tjcm;EkdifiHu
ppfa&;t& ydkrkdBuD;xGm;vmvQif
oif&h UJ military crown udk ESajrm
wopGm vTJajymif;ay;vkduf&yg
rnf/
'Dxufaumif;wm vmygvdrhf
OD;rnf/ Empire Earth 2 rSm
tjcm;*dr;f rsm;rSmxuf ydrk kd omvGef
(PREVIEW) ART OF GAME
azmufxu G af prnfh wu,fh tqifh
jrifh feature udk aemufqHk; wifjy
yg&ap/ uGefysLwmudk NydKifbuf
taejzifh upm;&onfhtcgwkdif;
Artificial Intelligence ac:
ÓPf&nfwkudk tm;rvkdtm;r&
jzpfchJMu&onf/ olwkdY\ pGrf;
aqmif&nfrSm Intelligence qkd
onfh pum;vH;k jzifyh if rxdu
k w
f ef
ay/ Red Alert 2 rS m erl e m
Munhyf g/ Brutal Enemies tqifh
upm;onft h cg olYbufu tom
pD; & rI u AI aMumifh r [kwf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
tausmay;&rIaMumifh jzpfonf/
udk,fu bmrQyif rvkyf&ao;/
olu tqifjh rif, h el pfawG xkwEf idk f
jcif;rSm *dr;f \ rules udk csdK;azmuf
xm;jcif;aMumifhom jzpfonf/ xkdY
aMumifhvnf; vlom;NydKifbufjzifh
multiplayer upm;&jcif;u ÓPf
csif;oufouf? uRrf;usifrIcsif;
oufouf tcGit hf a&;wl NydKifqidk f
&jcif;aMumifh upm;&wm ydkí t&
om&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
Davis u þ *d r f ; wG i f
tqifhjrifh noncheating artifi-
cial intelligence xnf h o G i f ;
xm;onf[k qkdonf/ qkdvkdonf
rSm NydKifbuf uGefysLwmonf
*drf;\ rules twkdif;? oif&onfh
tcGifhta&;twkdif;om upm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ oifr&&So d nfah bmeyfpf
ESifh rsufESmvdkufrIrsm; ay;rxm;
yg/ Davis onf AI e,fy,fü
ESHYpyfoljzpfygonf/ olonf Ar-
tificial Intelligence ESihf Robot-
ics ESifhywfoufí a'gufwmbGJU
&&S d x m;onf / tif w meuf E S i f h
Stealth enf ; ynmrsm;twG u f
wm0ef&Sdol DARPA (Depart-
ment of Defence agency) wGif
olonf robotics vkyif ef;ü yg0if
vkyaf qmifczJh ;l ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh
ol\tqkdrSm <um;vHk;oufouf
r[kwfwmawmh aocsmygonf/
vlom;NydKifbufrsm;jzifh upm;vkd
vQifvnf; Empire Earth 2 wGif
multiplayer tydkif; yg0ifygvdrhf
rnf/ Mad Doc taejzifh tao;
pdwf xkwaf zmf ajymqkjd cif;awmh r&Sd
ao;yg/
95
 ART OF GAME (PREVIEW)
RETURN TO
MYSTERIOUS ISLAND
vloluif;rhJNyD; a0;vH acgif
zsm;whJ uRef;av;ay:u pGefYpm;
cef;rsdK;udk vltawmfrsm;rsm; pdwf
0ifpm;avh&MdS uygw,f/ 'DvZdk mwf
vrf;tjzpf *E¦0iftaeeJY Robin-
son Crusoe, Swiss Family Ro-
binson eJY The Island of Doc-
tor Moreau utp acwfopf
Castaway (Tom Hanks) ½kyf&Sif
tjyif wDADGZmwfvrf;wGJ Lost eJY
Survivor ponfjzifh yHp
k rH sdK;pHk &Syd g
w,f / ra&&mwh J 0ef ; usif r S m
touf&Sif usef&pf a&;twGuf
vI y f & S m ; ½k e f ; uef & jcif ;
ZmwfaMumif;awG jzpfygw,f/
'DZmwfaMumif;rsdK;rSm
zwfvdkYtaumif;qHk; qdkEkdifwmu
Jules verne &JU The Mysteri-
ous Island jzpfygw,f/ ol&JU
ydNk yD; vlord sm;whJ 20,000 leagues
under the sea 0w¬K&JU tquf
96
jzpfygw,f/ tck jyifopf devel-
oper (Jules Verne uvnf ;
jyifopf wpfa,mufygyJ/) Khe-
ops Studio u 'DyHkjyifudk Re-
turn to Mysterious Island
trnfeYJ jyefvnf qef;opfum*dr;f
tjzpf azmfxw k vf u
dk yf gw,f/ (*dr;f
awG[m 'Dvkd BuD;BuD;us,fus,f
*E¦0if0w¬KawGudkvnf; aemufcH
Zmwfvrf;,lwwfygao;w,f/)
'D*rd ;f [m 0w¬K&JU t&dyt f aiGU
ukd qufvuf,al qmifxm;ayr,fh
uGmjcm;csufawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/
Jules Verne &JU 0w¬KxJrmS tar&d
uef jynfwGifppftwGif; cGJxGuf
a&;orm;awG&JU tcsKyfaxmifxJ
u rD;yH;k ysHeYJ xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmuf
vmolawG[m vrf;rSm;NyD; awmif
ypdzwd f tylyikd ;f a'o uRe;f uav;
wpfckodkY a&muf&SdoGm;w,fvkdY
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ tJ'DrSm rarQmf
vihfbJ uyÜwdef Nemo eJY olY&JU
Nautilus wdYk eYJ awGUqHk tultnD
&chJygw,f/ rlvZmwfvrf;eJY rwl
pGm Return to Mysterious Is-
land rSmawmh uRef;ay:u rD;
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
awmif r ayguf uGJ bJ uyÜwdef
Nemo eJY Nautilus &JU Mur®m[m
qufvufí raorcsm jzpfaeqJ
yg/
*drf;xJrSmawmh 'DuRef;ay:
a&muf&Sdvmol[m Mina qdkwhJ
trsdK;orD;av; jzpfygw,f/ urÇm
tESYH wpfO;D wnf;&Guv f iT &hf if; rkef
wkid ;f rdum a&muf&v dS mjcif; jzpfyg
w,f/ ppcsif; tm;tifukefcef;
whJ tajctaeuae vkdtyfcsuf
awG? tpm;tpmawG vku d vf &H mS azG
&ygw,f/ *drf;eJY 0w¬KtMum;
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wlnDcsufu sur-
vive jzpfzkdYtwGuf uRef;ay:u
qef;Mu,faom vQdKU0SufcsufawG
&SmazGazmfxw k zf Ydk vktd yfjcif; jzpfyg
w,f/ Mina ae&mu 0ifa&muf
upm;&if; tm;tifjynfhwif;vm
whJtcg uRef;tESHY vSnfhvnfoGm;
vm&ygvd r f h r ,f / urf ; ajc? oJ
aomif? uke;f jyifjrif?h ausmufom;
cHk;wHwm;? a&uef0ef;usif vSnfh
vnf oGm;vmp&m pHkvifvSyg
w,f/ 0w¬KxJu location awG
vnf; rsufjrif BuHKawGU&vkdY pdwf

vIy&f mS ;zG,f aumif;ygw,f/ Gra-
nite House, Kiln eJY wind mill
pwmawG jzpfygw,f/ uRef;&JU
orkdif;udkvnf; wjznf;jznf;csif;
odvm&ygr,f/ taumif;qHk;u
awmh Nautilus a&ikyfoabFmeJY
awGUqHk&jcif;yg/ uRef;wpfuRef;
wnf; qkad yr,fh axGjym;rsm;ajrmif
whJ ajrjyiftaetxm;awG? a&yl
prf;awG? *lawG? vlvkyf taqmuf
ttH k a wG ? obm0ayguf y if e J Y
owå0gaygif;pHk aemufcH qufwif
pHkvifpGm yg0ifygw,f/
RTMI &JU visuals ydkif; qkdif
&mrSm ta&miftaoG; pHkvifNyD; qGJ
aqmifrI&Sdygw,f/ BudKwif ren-
der vkyfxm;whJ *&yfzpfu uRef;
&JU ajrrsufESmoGifjyifudk tao;
pdwfusus o½kyfazmfay;ygw,f/
MunhfvdkY taumif;qHk;uawmh
taiGU waxmif;axmif; xaewhJ
a&ylprf;? wa0ga0g pD;usaewhJ
a&wHcGefeJY owå0gawGygyJ/ iSuf
awG? vdyfjymawG? tif;qufawGeJY
arsmufawG yg0ifygw,f/ Scene
wpfckrSwpfck tul;tajymif;eJY
action sequence rsm;tMum;
ukd,fykdifoD;jcm;[efyefeJY csOf;uyf
xm;ygw,f/ ½kyf&Sif cutscene
rsm;tpm; vufeJYqGJxm;whJ tjzL
trnf; sketches yHkrsm;eJY Mum;
n§yf ul;ajymif;xm;ygw,f/ 'gu
*drf;&JU tone eJY tawmfav; [yfrd
ygw,f/
Adventure puzzle *d r f ;
trsdK;tpm;rsm;&JU xHk;pHtwkdif;
mouse udkyJ tm;udk;NyD; point-
and-click txde;f yHp k H oH;k ygw,f/
tjynfht0 3D yHkpHtpm; node
based a&GUvsm;rIyHkpH oHk;um wpf
ae&mu wpfae&modkY ckefausmf
ul;ajymif;oGm;&w,f/ a&mufwhJ
ae&mrSm ab;ywf0ef;usifukd ywf
csmvSnNhf yD;Munfv h Ykdawmh&ygw,f/
ae&mwpfckcsif;pDtay: cursor
wifvu dk &f ifomG ;a&mufr,fh ae&m
OD;wnfcsufvm;? vkyfaqmifrI
wpfpHkwpf&mvm;? item rsm; &,l
zkdYvm;qkdwm oufqkdif&m cursor
yHkpHeJY ajymif;vJjyoay;ygw,f/
Right click ESdyfNyD; gameplay
t& ta&;ygwhJ aumif;rGefpGm
'DZkdif;yHkpH jyKxm;whJ ypönf;ypö,
xdef;odrf;rI inventory control
udk ac:,lokH;pGJ&ygw,f/
RTMI &JU toHyi kd ;f qkid &f mrSm
aemufcH0ef;usif toHAvHawGudk
ydkNyD;tom;ay;vkdY music ykdif;udk
avQmx h m;ygw,f/ yavG? apmif;eJY
*pfwmtygt0if om,mwhJ or-
chestral tunes awG u *d r f ;
mood eJY tH0ifcGifus jzpfaeyg
w,f/ iSufawG? ESHaumifawG&JU
wpDpjD rnfo?H a&awG wa0ga0gpD;
usoH? arsmuftloH? puf,EÅ&m;
awG&UJ wuRDuRDjrnfo?H avwku
oHawG yDjyifpGmMum;Ekdifygw,f/
RTMI udk atmifjrifNyD;pD;
zkYd&m pdw&f n S zf Ydk? pdwu f ;l OmPf xuf
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
(PREVIEW) ART OF GAME
oefzYkd? ywf0ef;usiu f kd aphaphpyfpyf
avhvmwwfzkdYeJY ta&;tBuD;qHk;
u prf;oyfrIawG Budrfzefrsm;pGm
vkyfcsifpdwf&SdzdkY vkd tyf yg w,f/
rrQwwh?J t0Suv f Jh enigma awG
f eG w
xnhfrxm;yg/ rlv Jules Verne
eJY 0w¬KtaMumif; wpdk;wpdrQ od
rxm;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ 'gay
r,fh odxm;&ifawmhvnf; tquf
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97
 ART OF GAME (PREVIEW)
DEVIL MAY CRY 3:
DANTE'S AWAKENING
awmuf w acguf a cguf e J Y
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t"du Zmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifwJh
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oluawmh Devil May Cry 3 [m r[kwfbJ tjrGm Virgil eJY Mur®m
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&JU taumif;qHk;aom action raumif;pGm Virgil [m raumif;whJ
adventure *dr;f rsm;xJrS wpfcjk zpf tiftm; vTrf;rdk;cH&NyD; wpfaeY
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
 (PREVIEW) ART OF GAME

vm;) DMC 3 &JU t"du Zmwf vnf; yg0ifNyD; vkdtyfwhJ ypönf;

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a&mufrIr&SdwhJ wkdufckdufrI style
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 99

 ART OF GAME (PREVIEW)
PANDEMONIUM:
MEMORABLE KID GAME
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(PREVIEW) ART OF GAME
vdkPf*lxJrS tpjyKí avxJrS
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Top 10 Games
1. The Legend of Zelda:Ocarina of
Time
Platfotm : N64 , Company : Nintendo
2. Metal Gear Solid
Platfotm :GBC, Company : Konami
3. Soul Calibur
Platfotm :DC, Company : Namco
4. Metroid Prime
Platfotm :GC, Company : Nintendo
5. Tekken 3
Platfotm :PS, Company : Namco
6. Resident Evil 4
Platfotm :GC, Company : Capcom
7. NFL 2K1
Platfotm :DC, Company : Sega
8. Super Mario 64
Platfotm :N64, Company : Nintendo
9. Halo: Combat Evolved
Platfotm :XBOX,
Company : Microsoft
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
10.Grand
Platfotm :PS2,
Company : Rockstar Games
101
 ART OF GAME (HARDWARE)

GRAPHIC
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102 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


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Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edi-
tion rSm x&efppöwmaygif; 178
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149 oef;u L2 cache twGuf
jzpfygw,f/
ATI &JU chip topf R 420
enf;wl 6800 Ultra u 256 MB
DDR3 udo k ;kH NyD; uwf&UJ a&SUbuf
rSm ae&mcsxm;ygw,f/ tem*wf
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memory u 600 MHz &Sdayr,fh
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MHz DDR (1.1 GHz) eJYyJ clock
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MHz eJYqdk&if av;pm;avmuf
p&m 35.2 GB/s bandwidth &&Sd
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
Feature awG jznfhwif;xm;
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wkd;jr§ifhxm;ygw,f/ FX 5950
ta[mif;u vertex shader av;
ckrSm tck aemufxyfESpfck xyfrH
aygif;xnfah y;xm;ygw,f/ Pixel
pipeline &JU ta&twGufuawmh
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txd jzpfvmygw,f/ aemufvm
r,fh direct x 9 version C &JU
wpf pdwf wpf ydkif; jzpf whJ 3.0
Shader udk vnf; axmufyhHay;
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pdwfcs&ygw,f/ Software de-
veloper eJY *drf; coder awGu
awmh 'D spec awG tjynfht0
toHk;csMuygrvm;qkdwmudkawmh
tcsdefuyJ pum;ajymoGm;ygvdrfh
r,f/
t&if FX 5500 Ultra
rSmuhJodkY tat;cH tylpkyf ow¬K
heatsink u BuD;rm;NyD; uwfudk
ae&may;zkdY PCI slot ESpfckudk
pGefYvTwf&ygvdrfhr,f/ MSI u
udk,fydkifpwkdif heaxs ink udk oHk;
NyD; ydkí at;vmayr,fh t&G,f
tpm; jyóem &SdaeqJyg/ ,aeY
acwf uwf awG &ifqkdifae&whJ
power connection wpfckxJrS
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tuefYtowfudk ausmfvTm;oGm;
Ekid zf Ydk 6800 Ultra rSm 4-P in molex
connector ESpfck xnfhay;xm;yg
w,f/ Power connector tydk
awGu &Sm;yg; aps;BuD;wmaMumifh
jyóem jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ 'Duwfukd
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vnf; b,fenf;eJYrqkd upgrade
103
 ART OF GAME (HARDWARE)
vkyzf Ydk vdrk mS jzpfNyD; nVidia u 480
watt tm;oH;k zkYd axmufcc H suf ay;
xm;ygw,f/
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jym;vSaom *drf;eJY Utilities awG
xnfah y;xm;ygw,f/ MSI uk, d f
ykdif tools awGjzpfwhJ Media De-
luxe Centre, 5.1 DVD player,
Photoshop Album SE eJY 3D
Album SE yg0ifwJh Super Pack,
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tjcm; Virtual Drive 7 Profes-
sional, Restore It 3, driver eJY
BIOS udk Live update vkyfay;
r,fh Live Update, WMI infor
eJY system information twGuf
DMI awGvnf; yg 0if yg w,f/
*drf;taeeJY URU, XIII, Prince
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Sapphire-Radeo X 800
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eJY 925 chipset awG aps;uGufxJ
pwifa&muf&v dS mawmh awGU&S&d whJ
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Geforce Sapphires u ATI eJ Y
NX 6800
umvMum&Snf wGaJ zmfwzJG ufjzpfvYdk
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uwfu yHkrSef ATI 'DZkdif;eJY wpf
xyfwnf; jzpfaeygw,f/ PCB
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uwf&UJ a&SUbuf BuD;rm;whJ heat-
sinks ay:u *&yfzpf½kyfyHkav;yJ
uGmygw,f/ 250 MB DDR 3
Sapphire-
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VIVO
oHk;xm;vkdY memory twGuf oD;
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[m vkyfaqmifwhJae&mrSm DDR
1 eJY 2 xuf ydkat;ygw,f/
PCI-E interface jzpfwmu
vGJvkdY usefwmawGu AGP ver-
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ajcmufck yg 0if um core speed
500 MHz eJY memory speed
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tjcm; uGmjcm;csufav; wpfcku
power connector jzpfygw,f/
PCI-E uwfawGu AGP rS 4-pin
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ukdyJ oHk;ygw,f/
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rD power supply r&Sd&if oHk;zkdY
6-pin PCI-E rS 4-pin Molex odYk
ajymif;ay;aom power connec-
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prf;Munhfawmh 3DMark 03 12,
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CyberLink &J U Power
DVD 5 player eJY Power Direc-
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 ART OF GAME (GAME GUIDE)
PRINCE OF PERSIA:
WARRIOR WITHIN INTRO
tcsdefudkom aemufjyefoGm;
vkYd &&if rSm;chw
J tJh &mawG acszsuf
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fiction Zmwf vrf; awG vnf;
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future Zmwf vrf; wGJ awG vnf;
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sia : Warrior within *drf;[m
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of Time rSm Prince [m qef;
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arQmv
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xHrS tBuHOmPf&,lNyD; Isle of
Time odYk tcse d af emufjyefomG ;um
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of Time rS tcsdef xdef;csKyfwhJ
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Legend of Zelda : Ocarina of
Time rS tuGufwpfuGufudk ,l
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(GAME GUIDE) ART OF GAME
Life Bar
Controls Prince &JU vuf&Sd health
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tjrifhrS jyKwfusjcif;? &efol&JU
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2 udk mouse button 2 (right click) [k zwfyg/ prince &JU toufudk avsmhapyg
w,f/ a&yef;awG? tjcm;&if;jrpf
Mouse B 1 : Attack awGrSm MB 2 ESdyfNyD; a&aomuf
Spacebar : Action (jump, roll, eject)
E : Secondary weapon
jcif;jzifh life bar jyefjynfhapyg
(attack) w,f/
C : Pick up weapon, throw
weapon, climb down Sand of Time slots
R : Rewind (hold), slow Prince pkaqmif;xm;orQ
motion (tap)
sands awG u d k jyxm;ygw,f /
Mouse B 2 : Special action (run on
Rewind wpfcgvkyfwkdif;? sand
wall, push/pull, swing on
bar, drink water), slot wpfck ukefygw,f/ &efolYqD
block (in combat mode) u sand &whJtcg jyefjynfhyg
Q : Alternative view w,f/
(landscape camera)
F : Look (first-person camera) Power Timer
X : Reset camera
Rewind vkyfzkdY
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W : Move forward
A : Move left avmuf MumMum&ovJqkdwm jy
D : Move right xm;ygw,f/ Timer tjynfh 8
S : Move backward puúefY&ygw,f/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 107
 ART OF GAME (GAME GUIDE)

Weapon frame twdwfu tajctaeudk jyKjyif Cyclone of fate

Prince u 'kw,
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w,f/ 'D frame rSm vufeuf&JU oabm ,lxm;ygw,f/ oHk;ckukefum tqifoifhjzpfzkdY
tajctaeud k jyxm;ygw,f / tcsdefydkapmifh&ygw,f/
tBudrt f a&twGuf wpfcck ek YJ wku
d f Recall
cku
d Nf yD;wht
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D nf;
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tcsdef aemufjyef rewind vkyfEkdif ygw,f/ Sand slot ESpfck ukefyg
Time Powers w,f/ MB 2 udk ESdyfí block jyK
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wpfcgoH;k &if sand slot wpfcu k ek f eif; wkdufckdufEdkifygw,f/
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&efolYtay: ckefwufausmf
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Nyif;NyD; sand slot ESpcf k ukew
f ,f/

108 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 (GAME GUIDE) ART OF GAME

Airing
avxJrSaeí wkdufcdkufjcif;? eH&Hudk tm;jyKuefxGufí
ydkítm; jyif;pGm wkdufckdufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf Ekdifygw,f/

Combos
You can trigger several Combos by entering the right
button configuration.

eapon Techniques
Single-Weapon
Single-W
Right hand
Single slash : MB1
Double slash : MB1 MB1
Triple slash : MB1 MB1 MB1
Furious slash : MB1 MB1 MB1 MB1 Aerial backslash : (toward enemy) Spacebar C
Asha’s Fury (enemy on ground) : MB1 Landing steal weapon : (toward enemy)SpacebarCC
Right sword charge attack : MB1
Left handGrab : E Others
Human shield (hold) : E Block : (hold) R
Grab to Manning : EC Counter attack : (hold) R + MB1
Grab slice : E MB1 Counter kick : (hold) R + E
Grab throw : EE Pick up weapon : (hold) R + C
Strangulation : E C (repeatedly)
Steal weapon kill : EC (enemy is weak) Double-W eapon Techniques
Double-Weapon
Right hand
Acrobatics Orontes’ Grudge : MB1 E
Rebound from enemy : (toward enemy) Spacebar Zaroaster’s Ire : MB1 E E
Spacebar Ptolemaio’s Anger : MB1 MB1 E
Aerial slash : (toward enemy) Spacebar Wrath of Cyrus : MB1 MB1 E E
MB1 Rage of Darius : MB1 MB1 E E E
Landing slice : (toward enemy) Spacebar Azad’s Retaliation : MB1 MB1 E MB1 MB1
MB1 MB1 Azad’s Furious Retaliation :MB1 MB1 E E MB1 MB1
Aerial kick attack : (toward enemy) Spacebar E Ahriman’s Revenge : MB1 MB1 MB1 E
Landing kick sweep : (toward enemy)Spacebar EE Mithra’s Vengeance : MB1 MB1 MB1 E E

Left hand
Breeze of Anguish : E
Blast of Sorrow : EE
Misery Gale : EEE
Whirlwind of Pain : E MB1
Oblivion Twister : E MB1 MB1
Furious Oblivion Twister : E MB1 MB1 MB1
Plague Tornado : E MB1 MB1 E
Harassing Cyclone : E MB1 MB1 E E
Storm of Remorse : E E MB1
Tempest of Agony : E E MB1 MB1
Furious Tempest of Agony : E E MB1 MB1 MB1

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 109

 ART OF GAME (GAME GUIDE)

Hurricane of Penitence : E E MB1 MB1 E

Tormenting Typhoon : E E MB1 MB1 E E

Acrobatics
Aerial weapon throw (toward enemy) E C

Other
Weapon throw : C
Charge weapon throw : (hold)

Movement Techniques
Jump : Spacebar
Jump slash Spacebar : MB1
Jump kick : Spacebar Y
Roll : (direction) Spacebar
Cyclone of Fat : (hold) R while blocking
Roll pierce attack : (direction) Spacebar MB1
Ravages of Time : (tap) R while blocking
Escape roll : (lying on the ground)
Spacebar
Stand up attack : (lying on the ground) MB1
Stand up spinwheel : (lying on the ground) E Hints and Tips
Wall dive attack : (toward wallrun) MB1
Wall spinkick : (toward wallrun) E
Angel drop : (vertical wallrun) MB1 Block vkyfzkdY rarhygeJY/ wkdufcdkuf&if;eJY MB 2 udk ESdyf
Angel drop finish : (vertical wallrun) MB1 MB1 xm;jcif;jzifh &efolYxkd;ESufrIrS umuG,fyg/
Bladewhirl attack : (vertical wallrun) E wdkufyGJtwkdif; wpfae&mwnf; MumMum &yfraeygeJY/
Column shredder : (toward column) MB1 Prince &JU nTwaf ysmif;oGuv f ufpmG vIy&f mS ;Ekid rf eI YJ eH&?H wkid vf ;kH ?
Column spinkick : (toward column) E
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Time Powers Sword upgrades awG &SmazG&&Sdwwfygw,f/
Recall : (hold) R rSm;oGm;&if rewind vkyfzkdY rarhygeJY/
Eye of the Storm : (tap) R Slow motion (Eye of the storm) udk tjrwfxkwfNyD;
Breath of Fate : (hold) R while blocking axmif acsmufawG ausmfvTm;jcif;? &efoludk wkdufckdufjcif;rsm;
Wind of Fat : (hold) R while blocking
jyKvkyfyg/
ab;bDudk MunfhzkdY first-peson camera (f) udkoHk;yg/
b,fa&mufaevJqw dk m us,jf yefYpmG Munfzh Ydk landscape cam-
era (R) udk oHk;yg/
&efolwpfa,mufwnf;udk rJrwkdufygeJY/ &efolywfvnf
0kdif;ae&if ydkrdkxda&mufwhJ enf;vrf;u prince &JU oGufvuf
rIukd tcGiahf umif;,lí wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf wpfvn S phf D
jrefjref vSnfhywfwkdufckdufoGm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/
aoqHk;oGm;whJ &efolYvufeufudk aumuf,lzkdY tjrJawG;
xm;yg/
zsufqD;EkdifwhJ 0w¬KawG csdK;zsufzkdY rarhygeJY/ 0Sufxm;whJ
qkvmbfawG &SmazG&&Sdwwfygw,f/

110 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 ART OF GAME (CHEATS)

GTA: VICE CITY CHEAT Play as Sonny Forelli :

IDONTHAVETHEMONEYSONNY
Codes Galore! Play as Mercedes : FOXYLITTLETHING
Spawn a Rhino : PANZER
During Gameplay, type any of these cheats
Spawn a Bloodring Banger : TRAVELINSTYLE
(note: codes are not case sensitive) Spawn a Bloodring : GETTHEREQUICKLY
Banger #2
Spawn a Sabre Turbo : GETTHEREFAST
Spawn a Hotring Racer :
GETTHEREVERYFASTINDEED
Spawn a Hotring Racer #2:
GETTHEREAMAZINGLYFAST
Spawn a Romero’s Hearse : THELASTRIDE
Spawn Love Fist’s Limo : ROCKANDROLLCAR
Spawn a Trashmaster : RUBBISHCAR
Spawn a Caddie :
BETTERTHANWALKING
Blow up nearby cars : BIGBANG
Aggressive Drivers : MIAMITRAFFIC
All cars are pink : AHAIRDRESSERSCAR
All cars are black :
All ‘’light’’ weapons : THUGSTOOLS
IWANTITPAINTEDBLACK
All ‘’medium’’ weapons : PROFESSIONALTOOLS
Cars can fly : COMEFLYWITHME
All ‘’heavy’’ weapons : NUTTERTOOLS
Perfect Handling : GRIPISEVERYTHING
Full Health : ASPIRINE
All traffic lights are green : GREENLIGHT
Full Armor : PRECIOUSPROTECTION
Cars can drive/hover over water
Commit Suicide : ICANTTAKEITANYMORE
: SEAWAYS
Raise Wanted Level :YOUWONTTAKEMEALIVE
Only the wheels of a car are visible :
Decrease Wanted Level : LEAVEMEALONE
WHEELSAREALLINEED
Ladies Man, Women : FANNYMAGNET
Sportscars have big wheels :
Follow
LOADSOFLITTLETHINGS
YouMakes you smoke : CERTAINDEATH
Peds get in your car : HOPINGIRL
a cigarette
Sunny/Clear Weather : ALOVELYDAY
Makes Tommy fatter : DEEPFRIEDMARSBARS
Light Clouds : APLEASANTDAY
Gives Tommy girly : PROGRAMMER
Dense Clouds : ABITDRIEG
arms/legs
Foggy Weather : CANTSEEATHING
Change Skin/Clothes : STILLLIKEDRESSINGUP
Stormy Weather : CATSANDDOGS
Play as Ricardo Diaz : Speed up game clock : LIFEISPASSINGMEBY
CHEATSHAVEBEENCRACKED Makes everything faster : ONSPEED
Play as Lance Vance : LOOKLIKELANCE Makes everything slower : BOOOOOORING
Play as Ken Rosenberg : MYSONISALAWYER Peds Riot : FIGHTFIGHTFIGHT
Play as Hilary King : LOOKLIKEHILARY Peds Hate You : NOBODYLIKESME
Play as Love Fist : ROCKANDROLLMAN Peds Carry Guns :
character (Jezz Torent) OURGODGIVENRIGHTTOBEARARMS
Play as Love Fist : WELOVEOURDICK Girls Carry Guns : CHICKSWITHGUNS
character (Dick) Shows Media Level : CHASESTAT
Play as Phil Cassidy : ONEARMEDBANDIT (when 2+ stars)

112 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 (CHEATS) ART OF GAME

HALF-LIFE: COUNTER-STRIKE
Platform: PC Games
Key binding atform: PC
To activate codes easier, bind them to keys. For
example, type bind v “impulse 101” at the console to
bind the “$16,000” code to the “V” key.
Cheat Codes : PC
Activate the console on the server machine [~] and
type “sv_cheats 1” to enable the following codes.
NOTE: All codes must be entered from the Host
computer.
Arctic sniper rifle : givespaceweapon_awp Whiten all surroundings : r_lightmap 1
Auto-aim with sniper rifle : sv_aim at 800x600 resolution
Adjust gravity : sv_gravity <-999 - 999999> Turn off textures : gl_picmic 3
See and fire through : gl_zmax <0-9999>
walls and objects Use one of the following entries with the ‘give’ code
View other players’ frags : cl_hidefrags 0 to get the corresponding weapon.
Faster forward motion : cl_forwardspeed 999 AK - 47 : weapon_ak47
Faster backwards motion : cl_backspeed 999 Benneli xm1014 : weapon_xm1014
Faster side motion : cl_sidespeed 999 C4 : weapon_c4
Level select : changelevel Colt M4a1 carbine - weapon_m4a1
Weapon select : give Commando - weapon_sg552
Auto-reload enabled : +reload Fn P90 - weapon_p90
Auto-reload disabled : -reload Glock 18 pistol - weapon_glock18
Change skins : skin HE grenade - weapon_hegrenade
See things brightly without : lambert -1.0001 M3 super shotgun - weapon_m3
flashlight MAC-10 - weapon_mac 10
SetC4 timer : mp_c4timer <-1000-1000> MP5 - weapon_mp5navy
Hyper auto-aim enabled : sv_clienttrace 999999999 Para - weapon_m249
Hyper auto-aim disabled: sv_clienttrace 1 Scout - weapon_scout
Get $16,000 : impulse101 SIG p228 - weapon_p228
Splatter bones and : impulse102 (or impulse202) Steyr Aug - weapon_aug
body tissue Desert eagle - weapon_deagle
Set freeze period at the start of rounds. Set to 0 Usp.45 pistol - weapon_usp
to disable (default is 6) : mp_freezetime <#>
Set maximum length in minutes a round can last Use the following skin names with ‘skin’ code:
(default is 5) : mp_roundtime <3-15> Arab - arab, Arctic - arctic
Toggle auto : help hint messages (default GSG9 - gsg9, Guerrilla - guerrilla
is 1) - ah <0 or 1> Hostage - hostage
Toggle crosshairs in observer mode (default is 1) SAS - sas , SEAL - seal
:cl_observercrosshair<0or1> Terrorist - terror, VIP - vip
Toggle flashlight use : mp_flashlight <0 or 1> NOTE: These cheats work ONLY if they are enabled
(default is 1) on the server machine which is very rarely the case!
Toggle footsteps : mp_footsteps <0 or 1> Also, most of the hints don’t work with never version
(default is 1) of Counter-Strike!

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 113

 ART OF GAME (CHEATS)
NEED FOR SPEED UNDERGROUND 2
NFS Underground 2 Cheat
Misc. Cheats
Enter the following codes without spaces at the
Press Enter screen before loading a profile:
Unlocks Cingular Sponsor
Vinyl * works in career*
Unlocks Best Buy Sponsor
Vinyl *works in career*
Unlocks Old Spice Sponsor
Vinyl *works in career*
*dr;f cspo
f rl sm;twGuf
aemufvrSm
114
Unlcoks Performance : needperformance2
Upgrades Tier 2
Unlocks Performance : needperformance1
Upgrades Tier 1
Unlcoks Visual Upgrades : gimmevisual2
Tier 2
Gives $1,000 to start Career : ordermebaby
mode, and Unlocks Nissan
Skyline and Mazda RX-8 in
Quick Race
Unlocks Edge Sponsor Vinyl : gottaedge
*works in career*
Unlocks Burger King Sponsor : gottahavebk
Vinyl *works in career*
Unlocks Visual Upgrades : gimmevisual1
Tier 1
David Choe sponsor car : davidchoeart
Japantuning sponsor car : tunejapantuning
D3 sponsor car : wantmyd3
Capone sponsor car : wannacapone
ShinestStreet sponsor car : shinestreetbright
Snoop Dogg sponsor car : yodogg
: gotmycingular The Doors sponsor car : opendoors
Edge vinyl in Career mode : gottaedge
: needmybestbuy Chingy Navigator sponsor car : gimmechingy
Get an extra $200 in Career : Regmybank
: goforoldspice Mode
get $20,000 in career : regmebaby
Final Fantasy ?
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115

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( Far Eastern Economic Review rS
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2001
January 9, 2001
Apple onf Machin-
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October 23, 2001
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qnf;EkdifNyD; Macs tay:
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vnf; yg0ifonf/ Apple
onf iTunes ud k iPod
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March 20, 2002
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udk aMujimchJonf/ Busi-
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rsm;twGuf azmfxkwf jyochJ
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 GENERAL COMPUTER
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 NEWS
NEWS & NOTES
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AIX [k trnfay;xm; Siemens wdkUonf serverqnf;jcif;? umuG,fjcif;ESifh wpfukd,fa&oHk; uGefysLwm
aomUnix pepfoHk; server xkwfvkyfonfh xdyfwef; pepfwus jyefvnfxkwfay; rsm;odkY USB port rSwpfqifh
onf Microsystems Inc jcif;wdkYudk aqmif&Gufay;Edkif qufo,
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pepfoHk; HP-UX servers ¤if;udk Disk Stakka [k
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wdkYukdvnf; ,SOfNydKifcJh& 2004 ckESpf aemufqHk; ac:Muí CD odkYr[kwf csdwfqufEdkifygonf/
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&mcdkifEIef;jrifhwufcJhygonf/ qufoG,fvdkvQifUSB hub
server rsm; wifydkY 100 pD xnfhxm;aomf Mum;cHxm;í aqmif&GufEdkif
Reuters
a&mif;csrIwGif wwd, New Straits Times vnf; jyefvnfxkwf,l&m
onf[k qdkonf/
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udk ckepfpuúefYtwGif; ½Hk;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tdrfoHk;
xkwfay;Edkifonf[kqdkonf/ twGuf oifhavsmfonf/
xdkokdY pDpOfay;onfh disc aqmhzf0Jtaejzifhvnf;
management aqmhzf0Judk vdktyfonfwdkYudk xyfrH
Opditracker [k trnfay; jznfhpGufrnf[k qdkygonf/
xm;onf/ 0if;'dk;pfpepf odkYaomf oHk;vufp Disk
twGuf[k qdkaomfvnf; Stakka rsm; ESifh uGmjcm;rI
Mac uGefysLwmrsm;wGif &dSrnf r[kwf[k qdkygonf/
vnf; toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ Disk Stakka \ aps;EIef;rSm
xkw, f ol nfh CD/DVD pifumyl a':vm 239
trsdK;tpm;? xkwf,lol jzpfonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 123

 NEWS & NOTES
Adik ;f &yfpf vHNk cKH a&;
udpö&yfrsm;wGif
tcufawGUaeonfh rkdufu½kdaqmhzf
Microsoft onf spyware, adware ESifh usL;ausmf
0ifa&mufvmwwfonfh taESmifht,Suf? tzsufvkyfief;rsm;
udk qefYusif tumtuG,fay;rnfh aqmhzf0Judpö&yfrsm;udk
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rsm;tay: tifwmeufrS wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk &yfwefYatmif
rvkyfEdkifcJhvQif ukrÜPDtaejzifh oHk;pGJolazmufonfrsm;\
ypfy,fvmMujcif;rsm;udk BuHKawGU&ayvdrfhrnf/ ol\
vHkNcHKrIqdkif&m umuG,frI aqmhzf0Jrsm;uvnf; xda&mufrI
r&dScJhyg/ þtwdkif;omqdkvQif aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk xkwfvkyfae
onfh Microsoft twGuf ol\ oHk;pGJolazmufonfrsm;\
wkHYjyefrIrsm; odkYr[kwf ol\ r[mrdwfukrÜPDrsm;\
pdwfysufvmrIrsm;udk &ifqdkif&ygawmhrnf/ ¤if;jzpf&yfonf
aumif;aom tvm;tvmrsm; r[kwfMuyg/ vuf&dS
tm;jzifh Microsoft \ aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk ae&mtESHY
jrifae&onf/ xdkuJhodkYaom aqmhzf0JurÇmwGif
q&mwpfqljzpfaeonfh Microsoft wGif NydKifbufrsm;
&dSaeonfrSm tqef;awmh r[kwfyg/ odkYaomf vuf&dSwGif
Microsoft twGuf tusOf;tusyf jzpfae&onf/
rMumrDuyif Microsoft \ OuúX jzpfol Bill Gates u
olYwGif Adkif;&yfpfrsm;udk wdkufcdkufumuG,fay;rnfh
aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk xkwfvkyfí azmufonfrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;zuf
ukrÜPDrsm;odkY a&mif;cs&ef tpDtpOf &dSaMumif; aMunmcJhyg
onf/ odkYaomf tcsdKUaom ukrÜPDrsm;url rnfodkYaom
toGiftjyif &dSvdrfhrnf odkYr[kwf rnfrQ aps;wifvdrfhrnf
udk apmifhMunfhaeMuygonf/
uGefz&ihfwpfckwGif Bill Gates u Microsoft onf
spyware ESifh tjcm;'ku©ay;aeaom Adkif;&yfpfaqmhzf0Jrsm;udk
wdkufcdkuf&ef oHk;pGJol azmufonfrsm;odkY tcrJh jzefYcsday;
rnf[k qdkjyefygonf/ vHkNcHKrIqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk
udkifwG,faeMuonfh tzGJU0ifrsm;u olwdkYtaeESifh Micro-
soft \ pum;tay: ,HkMunfMuaMumif;? Microsoft onf
tqdkyg vHkNcHKrIudpö&yfrsm;wGif oludk,fwdkif aqmif&Gufrnf
124 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
jzpfouJhodkY tjcm;aom vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;ESifhvnf;
vufwGJvdrfhrnf[kqdkMuygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap twl
vufwGJ umuG,fjcif;onf Adkif;&yfpf qefYusifrIrsm;wGif
txl; xda&mufygvdrfhrnf[k awG;rdMuygonf/
tjcm;aom ukrÜPDrsm;uvnf; olwdkY\ taetxm;onf
Microsoft tay: txl;tm;xm;Muonf/ Microsoft
taejzifh rpGefYpm;cJhvQif odkYr[kwf ol\ aqmhzf0Jrsm;tay:
xdcdkufvmrnfh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk rumuG,fEdkifcJhvQif
¤if;onf Windows pepfudk tBuD;tus,f xdcdkuf
ysufpD;apygvdrfhrnf/ tenf;qHk;awmh uaomif;ueif;
jzpfukefygvdrfhrnf/
tqdkyg jzpf&yfrsm;onf uGefysLwmorm;wdkif; odMuonfh
udpör[kwfyg/ odkYaomfvnf; vHkNcHKrIr&dSaom aqmhzf0J
rsm;twGuf wpfcsdefwGif pGefYcGmMuayvdrfhrnf[k
Susquehanna Financial Group rS a0zefqef;ppfol
Gregg Moskowitz u qdkygonf/
Symantec Corp rS tBuD;tuJt&m&dSwpfOD;jzpfol John
Schwarz u Microsoft taeESifh tqdkyg vHkNcHKrIqdkif&m
udpö&yfrsm;wGif aysmhuGuf? tm;enf;csufrsm;tay:
tm½Hkpdkufvdrfhrnf xifrdygonf/ ]]uRefawmfwdkYu 'Dudpö
tay: Microsoft u txl; tm½Hkpdkufvdrfhr,fvdkY
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system udk twwfEdkifqHk; rxdcdkufzdkYyg}} [k Schwarz u
qdkygonf/ Microsoft onf ol\ xkwfukefaqmhzf0Jrsm;
tay: vHkNcHKrIrsm; ay;pGrf;Edkif&ef udpörsm;wGif ysm,mcwf
vsuf &dSonf/ txl;ojzifh Windows XP wGif firewall
 NOTES & NEWS

rkdufu½kdaqmhzf\ BudK;rJh vufywfem&D

odrYk [kwf uGeyf sLwmem&D
Microsoft Corp. ESifhvuf owday;csuf ponfwYkd twGuf ESppf Of a':vm 60 usoifrh nf
ESifh tjcm; tumtuG,fjyK [k qdkygonf/
ywfem&Drsm; xkwfvkyfonfh
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ygonf/ odkY&mwGif onf/ Microsoft \ OuúXESifh aqmhzf0JAdokumBuD; jzpfol
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twdkif;tqr&dS? tvGef ¤if;onf omref vufywf Bill Gates u ]]'g[m tcsut f vufowif;awGukd jzefYa0&ef
us,fjyefYpGm xkwfvkyfxm; ESifh zrf;,lEdkif&ef enf;vrf;topfwpfckyg}} [k owif;pm
em&Dwpfcktjzpf xif&aomf
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u@? &moDOwk cefYrSef;csuf
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zrf;,lEikd of nfh a&'D,w kd pfv;kH
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oG,f&rnf jzpfonf/
jzpfaeMuonf/ McAfee pepfoHk; vufywf em&Drsm; odkYr[kwf cg;ydkufaqmifem&D
tqdkyg vufywfem&D
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onf azsmfajza&; vkyif ef;rsm;
Hodges uvnf; NydKifbuf ay:xGufvmMu NyD jzpfygonf/
udkvnf; 0efaqmifrIay;rnf
topfrsm;udk pdefac:vdkufyg Reuters
jzpfonf/ ¤if;em&Dudk tqifh
onf/ ]]bmyJjzpfjzpf 'g[m Computimes (New Straits Times)
oH;k qifjh zifh xkwv f yk rf nf jzpf
rQwwJh wdkufyGJ wpfckyg/
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owif ; tpD & if c H p mrsm;ES i f h

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 125

 NEWS & NOTES

uGefysLwmordkif;wGif rxif&Sm;cJhaom
wDxiG of w
l pfO;D odrYk [kwf Raskin
xHwGif tawG;rsm;? tBuH cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ Apple
ÓPfopfrsm; ay:aygufae ukrÜPDrS qGJaqmifEdkifpGrf;
NyD jzpfonf/ ol\ tawG; aMumifhvnf; jzpfrnf/
rsm;wGif uGefysLwmtoHk;jyK ]Jef Raskin [m uGefysLwm
olrsm;twGuf vG,fulpGm enf;ynmbufrSm 0goem
udkifwG,f toHk;jyKEdkifa&; ygyHkuawmh r,HkEdkifavmuf
jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí olESifh atmifygyJ/ wu,fhudkyJ
tzGJUom;tenf;i,fwdkYonf xl;jcm;wJh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;yg}}
Macintosh [lí jzpfay: [k olESifh Xerox PARC
vmrnfh uGefysLwmwGif wGif vufwGJcJhbl;ol Dave
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Jef Raskin tm; Apple \
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Macintosh uGefysLwmESifhtwl
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udk pwif aqmif&Guf&ol jzpfonf/ xdkokdY xl;jcm;
Jef Raskin onf wpfOD; pwif 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ wpfOD;tjzpfeJUyg/ wu,f onfh wDxGifolwpfOD;
csif;oHk; uGefysLwmrsm;wGif xdkpOfu Apple onf vdkYom tJ'Dwkef;u ol jzpfcJhol Raskin twGuf
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tcsif;csif; odkYr[kwf toHk; jzpfí olonf ukrÜPD\ 'Dvdk yHkpHrsdK; ajymif;cJhrSm olonf uG,fvGefcJhNyD;
jyKolESifh aqmhzf0Jrsm;tMum; 31 a,mufajrmuf 0efxrf; r[kwfygbl;}} [k xdkpOfu jzpfonf/ Raskin onf
qufoG,frI Mum;cHpepf wpfOD;jzpfonf/ wpfOD;csif; Mac tzGJU0ifwpfOD; jzpfcJhol 2005 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv
(interface) udk wDxGifcJhol oHk; uGefysLwmrsm; pwif Andy Hertzfeld u ajym vukefykdif;u tar&duef
jzpfonf/ xdkpOfrsm;u toHk;jyKvmMuonfh tcsdef ygonf/ Raskin uomrmef jynfaxmifpk? u,fvDzdk;
wpfOD;csif;oHk; uGefysLwm vnf; jzpfonf/ tqdkyg yk*¾dKvfrsdK;awmh r[kwfyg/ eD;,m; jynfe,f? ypözDu
rsm;tjzpf emrnf&vmcJhaom uGeyf sLwmrsm;wGif pmaMumif; Apple odkY rqufoG,frDu t&yfwGif&dS ol\ aetdrf
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xnfhoGif;cJhygonf/ Muao;onf/ uGefysLwm tvkyfvkyfudkifaecJhol onf/ ol uG,fvGefcsdefwGif
odkYaomfvnf; vkyfief;\ rsm;ukd toHk;cs&mwGif jzpfonf/ Xerox \ Palo ol\ toufonf 61 ESpf
aemufydkif;rSyHhydk;olwpfOD;om vnf; DOS pepfudkom Alto Research Center t&G,f jzpfonf/ uGefysL
jzpfcJhí uGefysLwmorm; oHk;EdkifMuí toHk;jyKolwdkYu wGif uGefysLwm Mum;cH wm toHk;jyKolrsm;url
rsm;u olYudk odMurnf trdefYrsm;udk pmom;rsm; pepfudk prf;oyfwDxGifcJhNyD; vG,fulaom pepfwpfckudk
r[kwfyg/ tjzpf ½dkufxnfhí cdkif;ap jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf tqdkyg tajccHíoH;k aeMuaomfvnf;
Raskin onf 1978 ckESpf aeMu&ygonf/ 1979 ckESpf enf;ynmudk Apple ol\ trnfudk rMumrDurS
wGif Apple ukrÜPDodkY ta&mufwGif Jef Raskin ukrÜPDodkY o,faqmifoGm; odcJhMu&ygonf/

126 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


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aps;uGufudk aumif;pGm 'ku©ay;aeqJ jzpfonf/
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
NOTES & NEWS
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vkyfief;wGif pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;udk a&G;cs,fvmMuNyD
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ponf tjcm;aom ynm&yfrsm;udkvnf; rQwpGm
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onfvnf; ICT ynm&yfrsm;udk rsm;pGm taxmuftul
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tcsdKUaom EdkifiHrsm;wGif uRrf;usifol ICT ynm&Sifrsm;u
tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;odkY oGm;a&mufvkyfudkifjcif;aMumifh rdrd
EdkifiHwGif vdktyfrIrsm; &dSMuygonf/ tqdkyg ynm&Sifrsm;
odkYr[kwf tjcm;aom EdkifiHrsm;rS ICT ynm&Sifrsm;udk
rdrdEdkifiHwGif vkyfaqmifap&ef qGJaqmifrIrsm;
jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ ¤if;twGuf EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&
tydkif;rSvnf; yg0ifaqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif
tGefvdkif;wGif ICT uRrf;usifolrsm; tzGJUtpnf;
wpfcktjzpf zGJUpnf;í ynm&yfrsm;ESifh tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk
a0rQap&ef aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfygonf/
New Straits Times (Computimes)
127
NEWS & NOTES

a&G;cs,p
f &m aqmhz0
f r
J sm;
B URNING SOFTWARES
SOFTWARES

Zefe0g&DvESihf azazmf0g&Dv xkwf &cJhMuonf/ ,ck pD'Dqdkifrsm;wGif ar;í

uGefysLwm*sme,frsm;wGif Nero burn- yif rodawmhyg/
ing software ESihf Roxio Easy Media Windows XP operating soft-
Creator 7 taMumif;udk a&;om;cJhNyD; ware wGivf nf; tcsuftvuf? zdik rf sm;
jzpf y gonf / Burning software udk (backup) odrf;qnf;&ef pD'Dul;
rsm;pGm &dSygí ,ckvwGif tjcm; burn- onfh aqmhz0f J xnfo h iG ;f xm;onf/ pD'D
ing software rsm;udk pkaygif;í avhvm wGif odrf;qnf;vdkaom tcsuftvuf?
Munfyh grnf/ uReaf wmfwYkd\ uGeyf sLwm zdik rf sm;udk (Send To > CD-RW Drive)
e,fy,fwGif Nero burning software [k trdefYay;vdkuf½Hkjzifh pD'DodkY a&;om;
udk toHk;rsm;Muygonf/ usefaqmhzf0J jcif; tvkyu f kd vkyaf y;ygonf/ odYk aomf
rsm;rS aqmif&Guf&onfrSm vG,ful &Sif; tqdkyg (backup) vkyfief;udkom vkyf
vif;aom aqmhzf0JwpfckrSm CloneCD Edkifygrnf/ pD'DESifh ywfoufonfh tydk
jzpfonf/ pD'DrSpD'Dul;,ljcif; vkyfief; aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf surf sm; r&onft h jyif pD'D
rsm;wGif toHk;rsm;Muonf/
pD'DrSpD'D ul;,ljcif; vkyfief;udk
tvG,fulqHk; jyKvkyfvdk olrsm;twGuf
pD'Dul;onfh aqmhzf0J
Copy CD udk uvpfjyKvkyfvdkufonf
trsm;tjym; &dSaomfvnf; ESifh pD'Dul;,ljcif;udk jyKvkyfay;onf/
vGefcJhaom ESpftenf;i,frsm;u
aqmhzf0J wpfrsdK;jzifh NTI CD-Maker (NewTech
Infosystems, Inc. www.ntius.com)
oH;k xm;aom pD'u
D kd ESihf WinOn CD, CDRWin wdYk emrnf

tjcm; rwlaom aqmhzf0Jjzifh

qufvuf toHk;jyK&mwGif
tqifrajyonfrsm; &dSae
ygao;onf/
¤if;tcsufudk
owdjyK&ygrnf/

128 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


tcsyfvnf; a&G;wwfonf/ tjcm; burning
software wpfckckjzifhul;xm;NyD;aom pD'Dtcsyf
rsm;vnf; vufrcHyg/ odkYjzpfí burning soft-
ware wpfrsdK;udkawmh xnfhoGif;xm;&ygOD;rnf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
NOTES & NEWS
pD'D ul;onfh aqmhzf0J trsm;tjym;wGif
Windows XP ESifh rudkufnDawmhonfh aqmhzf0J
rsm;vnf; &dSonf/ tifwmeufrSvnf; down-
load jyKvkyfí &,lEdkifonf/
Burning softwares rsm;wGif -
MakeCDROM ver 3.0 by KillerSoftware
Inc. (www. makecdrom.com), PSXCopy 6.2,
CDCopy, CloneCD, (Roxio) Easy CD
Creator, CDRWin, (Ahead) Nero Burning
ROM, NTI CD-Maker, Fire-Burner, Blind
WriteSuite, Nugroovz CD-Writer ponfwYkd
jzpfonf/
Internet rSdownload jyKvkyfívnf;aumif;?
rSmMum;í vnf;aumif; &&dSEdkifaom burning
software rsm;rSm Sonic MyDVD (CD/DVD
creation software) http://www.
mydvd.com, Sateira DropToCD (CD/DVD
burning software) http://www.sateira. com
wdkY jzpfMuygonf/
129
 WORKSHOP
HERE HOW: WORKSHOP
Windows Media Player 10 rS
&,lEikd o
f nfh pGr;f aqmifcsurf sm;
MicrosoftrS ol\ Windows operating software wGif yg0ifaeusjzpfaom azsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm; udk
aqmif&Gufay;aeonfh Media Player udk tqifhjr§ifhvdkufjyefNyD jzpfonf/
oifhtaejzifh PC ay:rSaeí rD'D
,m tpDtpOfrsm;udk xdkifMunfhae½Hkom
jzpfonf/ ESpfouf&m tpDtpOfrsm;udk
vnf; rSwfwrf;wif odrf;xm;Edkifonf/
aemufq;kH ydwf tqifjh r§ixhf m;onfh
tqdkyg Windows Media Player 10
wGif aw;*Dw? AD'D,dk? 'DAD'D? a&'D,dk
ESiw
hf ,fvAD ;D &Si;f ponf rD',
D mtpDtpOf
rsm;twGuf bufpHkaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
ESifhtwl topfwDxGifrIrsm;vnf; yg0if
onf/ ,cif versions rsm;wGif rD'D,m
tpDtpOfrsm; jynfhjynfhpHkpHk yg0ifxm;NyD;
jzpfaomfvnf; CD ESifh ywfoufonfh
udp&ö yfrsm;twGuf tjcm; aqmhz0f w J pfck
ckukd ul;ajymif;ae&onf/ ,ck version
\ xl;jcm;csufrSm CD udp&ö yfrsm;udkyg
wpfNydKifwnf; aqmif&GufEdkifjcif; jzpf
onf/ xdkYtjyif c&D;aqmif aw;zGifhpuf
130
i,frsm;twGufvnf; taxmuftul
jyKay;xm;onf/ aw;zGifhpufi,frsm;
tNydKiftqdkif ay: ayguf ae csdef wGif
Windows \ Media Player taejzifh
rD',D m trsdK;tpm; (format) tm;vH;k udk
zGifhEdkifatmif pDpOfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
urÇmh rD'D,mavmuudkvnf; pdefac:
vdkufjcif; jzpfonf[k qdkMuygonf/
Hardware ydkif;ESifh software ydkif;
wdkUudk ydkrdk aumif;rGefatmif jyKjyifvdkuf
jcif;jzifh Mpeg4 uJo h Ykdaom AD', D rkd sm;ESihf
Microsoft \ Media Audio wdkYudk
vufczH iG Ehf ikd jf cif; ponfjzifh jyKjyifrrI sm;
onf uGeyf sLwm wpfv;kH udk 'pf*spfw,f
azsmfajza&; ud&, d mwpfct k jzpfoYkd yDjyif
pGm ajymif;vJay;vdkufjcif;vnf; jzpf
onf/ rD'D,mzdkifrsm;udk tvG,fwul
vufcí H zGiEhf ikd o
f nf/ wDAt GD pDtpOfrsm;
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
twGuf TV tuner vdktyfrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; oif\ uGefysLwmwpfvHk;onf
rD'D,m zGifhpufrsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;
ygvdrfhrnf/ vuf&dStm;jzifh uGefysLwm
rsm;wGif wDAGDESifh ywfoufonfh pGrf;
aqmifrIrsm; enf;yg;aeygao;onf/
rD'D,m e,fy,fwGif oD;jcm; jzpf
aeaom wDADGvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk uGefysL
wmodkY ajymif;ay;&mwGif WMP 10.0
u ae&m0if,x l m;[ef&o
Sd nf/ xdYktjyif
tGefvdkif; rD'D,m tpDtpOfrsm;udkvnf;
vG,fulpGm toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ tqdkyg
version udk tifwmeufodkY 0ifa&mufí
www.micorsoft.com /windows /
windowsmedia / mp10 /default.
aspx wdkYrSwpfqifh prf;oyfEdkifygonf/
odkY&mwGif oif\ uGefysLwmwGif Win-
dows XP wifxm;&ygrnf/
 HERE HOW: WORKSHOP

LIBRARY odkY c&D;wpfaxmuf 1. Player udk rdrdpdwfBudKufaqmif&GufEdkif&ef

WMP 10.0 udk installation jyKvkyfpOfuyif library wpfckudk zGifh&ef

odkYr[kwf zefwD;xm;&ef awmif;qdkygvdrfhrnf/ aemufydkif;wGif
rdrda&G;cs,f pkaqmif;vdkaom rD'D,mzdkifrsm;udk tqdkyg library twGif;
xnfhxm;&efom jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf aqmhzf0JrS uGefysLwmtwGif;&dS
rD'D,mzdkiftm;vHk;udk &SmazGí wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; jyay;xm;onf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh ,cif version wGif wnfaqmufxm;NyD;aom
playlists rsm;udk WMP 10.0 u qGJ,lay;onf/
2. oif\ Library twGif;rS File odkYr[kwf folder rsm;odkY xnfhoGif; aqmif&Gufay;rnf jzpfonf/
&ef My Computer udk <click> jyKvkyfyg/ xdkrS My Playlists udkzGifhí
Library twGif;odkY tvdk&dSonfh File odkYr[kwf folder rsm;udk qGJ,l
xnhfEdkifygonf/ 0if;'dk;pf\ nmbuf pane xJrS Auto Playlists udk
zGifhvdkufvQif aw;topfrsm; xyfrHay:vmí ¤if;wdkUudk Add to Now
Playing Lists jyKvkyfum odrf;xm;Edkifonf/
twGuf 0if;'dk;pfjrifuGif;udk csJUvdkufyg/ Alt
key udk wpfcsufEdSyfvdkufjcif;jzifh File-View-
Play-Tools-Help (menu) wdkY ay:vmygrnf/
Media player \ 0if;'dk;pf tay:buf
abmifudk right click jyKvkyfí&ovkd
tay:buf nmbufaxmifhrS Show menu
bar udk <click> vkyfí tqdkyg menu bar udk
zGifhEdkifNyD; tpDtpOfrsm;udk &SmazG ajymif;vJEdkif
onf/ Online Stores \ atmufbuf icon
i,fESpfck awGU&rnfjzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf
screen tjynfh odkYr[kwf playlist udk acwå
azsmufay;xm;rnf jzpfonf/ Online csdwf
qufrxm;vQif qufoG,fí&rnf r[kwfyg/
0if;'dk;pfatmufbuf &dS cvkwfrsm;uvnf;
player wpfck\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk jynfhpHkpGm

3. Playlists wGif zdkifrsm;udktpDtpOftvdkuf odkYr[kwf tu©&mpOf

vdkuf xm;ay;ygonf/ xdk tpOfvdkufpDxm;jcif;udk jyefí ajymif;vJEdkif
onf/ ¤if;twGuf nmbuf pane &dS play-lists rS zdkifudk right-click
EdSyfí aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
4. AD'D,kdESifh aw;*Dwzdkifrsm;udk xnfhoGif;aomtcg rdrdESpfouf&mzdkif
udk Mu,fyGifhtqifh (star rating) rsm;jzifh owfrSwfay;xm;Edkifonf/
Mu,fwpfyGifhrS ig;yGifhtxd tqifhrsm;ay;xm;onf/zdkiftrnfrsm;udk
vnf; ajymif;ay;Edkifonf/ tqdkyg Mu,fig;yGifh tqifhay;xm;aom
zdkifrsm;udkom oD;oefY a&G;cs,fí zGifhEdkifonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 131

 HERE HOW: WORKSHOP

CD rS ^ CD odkY aumfyD ul;jcif;

WMP 10.0 onf uGefysLwmrS oDcsif;zdkifrsm;udk zGifhEdkifouJhodkY CD
tjzpfvnf; ul;,lodrf;qnf;Edkifonf/ odkYaomf ul;,lcGifh &dS?
r&dSudkawmh owdxm;&ef vdkygrnf/

1. CD wpfcsyfudk xnfhí 0if;'dk;pf abmifay:rS Rip udk < click >

jyKvdkufonfESifh tqdkyg CD twGif;&dS track rsm;tm;vHk;udk jyay;onf/
Right-click EdSyfí oDcsif; wpfyk'fcsif;pDudk trnfponf ajymif;Edkif
onf/ tGefvdkif;rS tpDtpOfrsm;udkvnf; &,lEdkifí ¤if;twGuf Find
Album Info wGif &SmEdkif onf/ ul;,lvdkaom zdkifrsm;udk trSwftom;
jyKvkyfí Rip Music udkclick jyKvkyfí zGifhyg/

2. tqdkyg zdkifrsm;udk tjcm;ol wpfOD;OD;u

rzGifhEdkifatmif tumtuG,f jyKxm;Edkifonf/
ul;,lrnfh zdkifonfvnf; ul;,lcGifh
ay;xm;onfudk oifhtaejzifh ppfaq;&ef
vdkygrnf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap zdkiftrsdK;tpm;
aygif; rsm;pGmudk a&G;cs,fEdkifí ul;,l&mwGif
click jyKvkyf½Hkom jzpfygonf/

Player \ jrifuGif;wGif b,fbufü uGefysLwm\

rD'D,mzdkifrsm; ae&mudk jyay;onf/ tqdkyg pane wGif All
music, All TV, All Video, Other Media, Radio Stations,
My Play-lists, Auto Play-lists ponf jyxm;í rdrd tvdk&dS
aom rD'D,mtkyfpkudk tvG,fwul a&G;cs,fEdkifygonf/
xdktkyfpkrsm;rS ESpfouf&m oDcsif; odkYr[kwf zdkifudk double-
click jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh tv,f&dS 0if;'dk;pf rsufESmjyifodkY ydkYaqmif
vdkufonf/ ¤if;wGif rD'D,mzdkifrsm;udk acgif;pnf;? oDqdkonfh
tzGJU? t,fvfbrfwdkYudk jyifqifajymif;vJEdkifygonf/ nmbuf
pane rSm playlists jzpfonf/
tu,fí tqdkyg Media Player 10.0 udk oifhtaejzifh 3. CD jzifh ul;,l odrf;qnf;vdkvQif Burn
pdwfwdkif;ruscJhvQif odkYr[kwf oif\ uGefysLwmwGif button ukdclick jyKvkyfí zGifhyg/ rul;,lrD
tqifrajy[k xifcJhvQif jyefí < Remove > jyKvkyfEdkifyg track wpfckpDudk jyifqifjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;
onf/ xdktcg Windows XP rS ,cif &dSxm;NyD;aom rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ WMP 10.0 onf
Windows Media Player udk tvdktavsmuf jyefí tqdkyg rD'D,mzdkifrsm; udk CD tjzpf vufcH
azmfxkwfay;ygvdrfhrnf/ rnfh format odkY ajymif;vJay;ygvdrfhrnf/

132 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 HERE HOW: WORKSHOP

rD'D,m ypönf;rsm;ESifh vrf;nTef

WMP10.0 udk rMumrD jzefYcsdrnfh portable player aqmhzf0J jzpfaom
Windows Media Centre 2005 ESifh tcsdefudkufí xkwfvkyf[ef
&dSonf/ xdkaqmhzf0Jonf portable player rsm;twGuf MTP (Media
Transfer Protocol) udk taxmuftuljyKxm;onfh aqmhzf0Jwpfck
jzpfonf/

1. c&D;aqmif player rsm;odkY tcsuftvuf? zdkifrsm;udk a&TUajymif;&ef

uGefysLwmESifh tqkdyg ypönf;i,fudk qufvdkuf&ygrnf/ xdkYaemuf
Sync button udk zGifh&ygrnf/ jrifuGif;wGif tqdkygypönf;\ icon udk
jrifae&ygrnf/

2. rD'D,mzdkif topfrsm;udk Library

twGif;odkY vTJajymif; ydkYEdkifygonf/ ¤if;
twGuf Set up Sync button udk
EdSyf&ygrnf/ uGefysLwmESifh qufoG,fxm;
aom ypönf;rsm; odkYr[kwf vdkufavsmnDaxG
pGm toHk;jyKEdkifonfh ypönf;rsm;udk Library
window wGif jyxm;ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrS
zdkifrsm;udk dragging and dropping enf;jzifh
ul;ajymif;,lEdkifygonf/ ,cifuoHk;cJhaom
ypönf;ta[mif;rsm;taejzifh tcuftcJ
tenf;i,f &dSEdkifygonf/
3. WMP10.0 onf tGefvdkif; azsmfajza&; tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf
jynfhpHkaom rD'D,maqmhzf0J jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif 0ufbfqdkuftwGif;
rD'D,mzdkifrsm;udk &SmazG&ef built-in browser yg0ifonf/
tifwmeufwGif csdwfqufxm;vQif Guide (Find content on the
Internet) udk zGifh&ygrnf/ ¤if;rS aemufqHk; xkwfvkyfaom
aw;oDcsif;rsm;? ½kyf&Sif erlemtydkif;rsm; yg0ifonf/ txl;ojzifh
a&'D,dktoHvTifh½Hkrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/

All-in-one media player [kyif nTef;xm;onf/ aw;*Dw? AD'D,dk?

½kyfyHkrsm;? wDADG tpDtpOf? pD'DESifh 'DAD'D ponfh
rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;udk aqmif&GufEdkifonfh aqmhzf0Jjzpfonf/
WMP10.0 onf Windows Media Audio file (wma), Windows
Media Video file (wmv), Windows Media file (asf), Microsoft
Recorded TV Show (dvr-ms), Music CD Play-back, MP3
audio file (mp3), Windows video file (avi), Windows audio
file (wav), Movie file (mpeg), MIDI file (midi), AIFF audio file
(aiff), AU audio file (au) formats rsm;udk vufcHEdkifygonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 133

 HERE HOW: WORKSHOP

PLAYER \ toGiftjyifrsm;udk ESpfouf&modkY ajymif;vJjcif;

Player \ toGiftjyifESifh aw;zGifhaepOf vIyf&Sm;rIwdkYudk rsufpdyom'
wGif tajymif;tvJjzpfap&ef aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ yHkoP²meftrsdK;rsdK;
ajymif;vJEdkifonfhwdkif pdwfauseyfzG,fr&dSygu tGefvdkif;wGif a':vm 20
rQ ay;aqmifí aemufqufwGJrsm;udk &,lEdkifonf/
1. xdkodkY ajymif;vJ&ef player \ nmbufaxmifh atmufqHk;rS
jrm;uav;udk < click > jyKvkyf&rnf/ rvdktyfygu Return to Full
Mode udk EdSyfí rlvyHkoP²mefodkY jyefajymif;Edkifonf/ vuf&dStm;jzifh
toGiftjyif rsm;jym;pGm r&&dSao;yg/ AD'D,dk? 'DAD'D odkYr[kwf wDADG wpfck
ckudk uGefysLwmjzifhzGifhaepOf yHkrsm;\ jrifuGif;udk screen rsufESmjyif
tjynfhcsJUEdkifonf/
2. Skin wpfckudk a&G;cs,f&ef Alt key udk
EdSyfí menu bar udk zGifhyg/ Skin Chooser
rSwpfqifh skin trsdK;rsdK;udk download
&,lEdkifygonf/ ¤if; skin rsm;udkvnf;
BudKwif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/ xdkUaemuf Apply
odkYr[kwf double-click EdSyfí a&G;cs,f
&,lEdkifonf/

3. Video, DVD odkYr[kwf TV tpDtpOf wpfckckudk

uGefysLwmjzifh Munfh½IaepOf video setting rSwpfqifh
aemufcH tvif;tarSmif? umvmponf ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
wDADGtwGuf aemufaMumif;jyefMunfhjcif; aqmif&Gufcsufudk
Microsoft \ Recorded TV show format (DVR-MS)
jzifhom jyKvkyfEdkifrnf jzpfonf/

4. Mini Player mode onf Task-bar odkY

ydkYxm;vdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf/ jyefícsJUvdkygu Taskbar ay:
rS WMP player udk click jyKvkyf&rnf/

134 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 HERE HOW: WORKSHOP

5. Player \ toGiftjyifrsm;udk tao;pdwf

ajymif;vJvdkygu -
Select Now Playing options ~ Enhancements -
show Enhancements wGif Color Chooser, Cross-
fading and Auto Volume Leveling,
Graphic Equalizer, Media Link for E-Mail, Play
Speed Settings, Quiet Mode, SRS WOW
Effects, Video Set-tings wdkYudk vdktyfovdk
ajymif;vJEdkifonf/ ¤if;udk Now Playing button odkY
ajymif;í player abmif\ tay:bufb,fbufaxmifh
mouse yHkav;udk < click > jyKvkyf&ygrnf/

WMP10.0 rS raqmif&GufEdkifaom tcsufrsm;

WMP10.0 onf rD'D,mESifh ywfoufonfh trsdK;tpm; (format)
tawmfrsm;rsm;udk tvdktavsmuf zGifhEdkifonf[k qdkxm;aomf
vnf; tcsdKUaomtcsufrsm;ESifh NidpGef;aevQif zGifhí r&onfrsm;
&dSygonf/
1. Oyrmtm;jzifh DVDs udk zGifh&mwGif
uGefysLwmwGif rSefuefaom codec (compres-
sor/decompressor) &dS&ygrnf/
¤if;tcsufwdkYonf Windows XP ESifh WMP
10.0 wdkYwGif ryg0ifyg/ oufqdkif&m DVD drive
wGifom yg0ifygonf/ tu,fí codec
tcsufrsm; vGJaevQif www.microsoft.com/
windows/windowsmedia/mp10/get-more/
2. xdkYtwl AD'D,dkESifh toHydkif;qdkif&mwdkYwGif trSm;rsm; jyaevQif
plugins.aspx wdkYrS &,lEdkifonf/
odkYr[kwf codec rsm;udk &SmrawGU[k qdkvmvQif Microsoft codec
server odkY tGefvdkif;wGif csdwfqufí download &,lEdkifonf/
¤if;twGuf Tools - Options (box) rS Player tab udk zGifhí Down -
load codecs automatically udk <check> vkyfí &,lEdkifonf/

3. odkYwkdif jyóemrsm; &dSaeao;vQif www.updatexp.com/codec-

for-windows-media-player10.html wGif vdktyfaom format rsm;udk
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145
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rSm;aoma'wm rrSeaf omuGeyf sLwm

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wGif uREkfyfwdkYonf qdik &f mypön;f ud&,d m vkyfrInHhzsif;jcif;? *½krpdkufaom odkYr
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146 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf


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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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vnf; r[kwfay/
147

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148
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
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pkpkaygif; ukefusp&dwfonf udef;ao
wpfckudk n jzifh ajr§mufxm;jcif; jzpf
onf/»
vG,u f al omfvnf; tvGet f a&;yg
aom þOyrmonf tcsuftvuf
wnfaqmufyt kH wlw\ l taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;ESpfckudk pdppfygonf/ odkYaomf
vnf; taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif yg0if
onfh algorithm rsm;tay: ocFsmoHk;
pdppfjcif; rvkyfaqmifbJESifh ta&;yg
aom p&dwf uGmjcm;rIukd EIid ;f ,SOEf idk rf nf
r[kwfyg/
þpmwrf;wGif ocFsm odkYr[kwf
ocFsmavhvmqnf;yl;jcif;u jzpfap
aom tawG;tac:rsdK;onf uGefysLwm
wGufcsuf&mwGif wefzkd;&Sdaom tjcm;
ae&mrsm;udk azmfjy&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
tcsdKUtoHk;cs rIrsm;wGif wGufcsufrIrsm;
yg0ifygonf/ odYk aomfvnf; trsm;tm;
156
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jzifh ,if;wkYdonf pnf;rsO;f oH;k owfrw S f
jcif; (formal specification) ESihf ocFsmoH;k
pOf;pm;awG;ac:jcif; (mathematical
reasoning) xif j rif c suf a y:wG i f
tm;udk;ygonf/
xufjrufaom Algorithms rsm;
&SmazGowfrSwfjcif;
Determining Efficient Algorithms
Efficient
Algorithm rsm;udk 'DZkdif;jyKvkyf&m
ESihf pdppf&mwGif ocFsmu A[ku d sygonf/
vlwkdif;u tqifhjrifhrm;pGm ocFsmqef
onf[k oabmwlxm;onfh jyefvnf
jzpfay:aom qufE, T rf rI sm; (recurring
relationship)? ysrf;rQjcif; jzpf&yfpdppf
jcif;(averagecase analysis) ESit hf jcm;
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;Ekid o f nf/
odkYaomfvnf; vufwpfqkyfcefY txl;
wwfuRr;f olrsm; wpfpo k mvQif xkt d &m
rsm;udk jyKvky&f efvadk Mumif;? useftm;vH;k
wkdYu ,if;wkdY wDxGifxm;aom algo-
rithm rsm;udk Munfh½I&efomvkdaMumif;
jiif;cHkcsufay; Ekdifygonf/
od k Y aomf Algorithm rsm;ud k
oHk;oyfjcif;ESifh a&G;cs,fjcif;wkdYonf
odyrf vG,u f yl g/ vG,uf al om twdik yf if
cH tvkyfwpfckudk awG;awmMunhfyg/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
Salt Lake City &Sd wpfoD;yk*v ¾ tiSm;
um;ESihf Zdrcf u
H m;vkyu
f ikd o
f rl sm; (taxi &
limo operators) onf 2002 ckEpS f aqmif;
wGif; tkdvHypfyGJawmftwGif; ,if;wkdYESifh
pD;eif;vkdufygvkdolrsm; tm;vHk;twGuf
tpDtpOfukd ulnq D aJG y;aom y½k*d &rfukd
a&;om;ay;&ef twkdifyifcHwpfOD;udk
uefx½dkufay;&ef qHk;jzwfMuygonf/
,if;wdkY\ yxrawmif;qkdcsufwGif
twkdifyifcHu pD;eif;olrsm;taejzifh
atmufyguhJokdYaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
twGuf y½d*k &rfppD Ofa&;om;&ef/ wuúpD
ESihf '½kid bf mudk xdu k o Jh Ykd p&ufEiS hf pcsed rf S
xkduhJokdY NyD;&ufESifh NyD;csdefwGif tvkd&Sd
onf/ '½kid b f mrsm;onf wpfcgpDtwGuf
owfrw S Ef Ief; ay;xm;aomaMumifh y½kd
*&rftaejzifh tcsed rf xyfonfh awmif;qdk
csufrsm;\ tBuD;rm; qHk;aom tpk0if
(subset) udk '½ki d bf mwpfO;D pDuakd y;rnf
jzpfygonf/
aemufwGif awmif;qkdxm;onfh
umvtwGuf owfrSwfEIef;rxm;bJ
pD;eif;olrsm;taejzifh rnfrQavmuf
ay;vkdonfudk '½kdifbmrsm;u em;vnf
oabmaygufay;vdrfhrnf/ Oyrm zGifhyGJ
tcrf;tem;ESihf tvSpudwpf ;D NydKiyf o JG nf
biathlon NydKifyGJxufydkNyD; vlBudKufrsm;
rnf jzpfygonf/ y½k*d &rf\ 'kw, d rluJG
onf '½dkifbmtaejzifh &Edkifaom aiG
aMu;udk trsm;qHk;jzpf&ef tcsdefrxyf
aom awmif;qkdcsuftpkrS tpDtpOf
a&;qGJ&ef jzpfygonf/
odkYaomfvnf; pD;eif;oltcsdKUonf
NydKifyu
JG mvwpfavQmufv;kH wGif '½kid b f m
wpfOD;wnf;udkom vkdvm;Muygonf/
,if;wkYdukd vufc&H ef y½k*d &rf\ wwd,
rluGJudk tcsdefumvawmif;qkdrItpkESifh
xkdtpkwpfckvHk;twGuf ,SOfNydKifaMu;
wpfcu k , kd El idk &f ef wDxiG x f w
k v
f yk &f rnf
jzpfygonf/ '½kid b f mwpfO;D onf awmif;
qkdxm;aom umvrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf

armif;ESif&ef oabmwl&rnf odkYr[kwf
awmif;qdkrIudk jiif;y,f&rnf jzpfyg
onf/ y½kd*&rfonf '½dkifbm\ ydkufqH
trsm;qH k ; &Ek d i f N yD ; tcsd e f r xyf a om
awmif;qkrd t I pkrsm;udk a&G;cs,&f rnf jzpf
ygonf/
yxrtay:&HMunhfwGif y½kd*&rf
rluo JG ;kH ck\ t"dujcm;em;csufrsm;onf
toH;k jyKoltjyeftvSef qufo, G &f m[k
xif&ayrnf/ okdYaomfvnf; r[kwfyg/
vG,fulaom owfrSwfEIef;aps;twGuf
rluu JG kd vG,u f al om greedy algorithm
jzifh O(n log n) tcsed t f wGi;f ajz&Si;f Ekid f
ygonf/ NyD;pD;csdefudkrSDNyD; awmif;qkdrI
rsm;udk wef;pDí tydkif;wpfckpDwGif pDpOf
xm;aom aemufqHk;tvkyfay: tcsdef
rxyfonfh yxrawmif;qkrd u I kd pDpOfay;
&efjzpfygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; þ gre-
edy algorithm onf ajymif;vJEi dk af om
EIef;rluGJudk rajz&Sif;ay;Ekdifyg/ okdYaomf
vnf; O(n log n) dynamic program-
ming algorithm wpfct k aejzifh ajz&Si;f
Ekdifygonf/
wwd,ykpmä jzpfaom awmif;qkrd t I pk
rsm;udk udkifwG,f&monf NP -cufcJ
(NP-hard) ygonf/ vufawGUudpr ö sm;
twGuf twkid yf ifco H nf 2" jzpfEidk af om
awmif;pkrItpkcGJrsm;udk prf;Munhfjcif;
xuf odompGmaumif;rGeaf om tajzudk
awGUrnf r[kwyf g/ xkYdaMumifh ,if;onf
taumif;qH;k tajzudk uwdray;bJ ½k;d ½d;k
aumif;rGefaom tajzudkom BudK;pm;&Sm
azGoifhygonf/
twdkifyifcHtaejzifh vG,fulaom
greedy algorithm onf yxrykpämudk
ajz&Sif;EkdifNyD; 'kwd,ykpämudk dynamic
programming uom ajz&Sif;Ekdifonf
udk rnfuhJodkY od&SdEkdifrnfenf; twkdif
yifcH taejzifh oufaojy&rnf jzpfyg
onf/ wwd,ykpämonf NP- cufcJ
(NP-hard) jzpfonf[k rnfuhJodkY od&Sd
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
oenf; twkdifyifcHtaejzifh od&Sdxm;
aom NP- cufcJykpäm Set Packing udk
þykpämodkY usHKU,l&rnf jzpfygonf/
þoufaojycsufrsm;udk rjyKvkyfbJ
þtwkid yf ifct H vkyaf y:wGif aumif;rGef
pGm vkyfudkifEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/
tcsKd UuvG,u f ?l tcsKd Uu xde;f ode;f &
cufcJaom tvm;wlykpämrsm;udk tajz
&Sm&rnfh Oyrmrsm; xyfay;Ekdifygonf/
ocFsmoufaojyrIrsm;omvQif a&G;cs,f
p&mrsm;twGif; wduspGm cGJjcm;Ekdifrnf
jzpfygonf/
wu,fhurÇmwGif pnf;rsOf;oHk;
owfrSwfcsufrsm;
(Formal Specifications in the Real
World)
pufypönf;ESifh aqmhzf0J'DZdkif;wGif
pnf;rsOf;oHk;enf;rsm; (formal meth-
ods) [laomtqdo k nf xkwuf ek w
f pfcu
k kd
azmfjyowfrw S &f mwGif wdusaom ocFsm
toHk;jyK owfrSwfcsufrsm; (math-
ematical specifications) udk oH;k onf
[k t"dyÜm,faygufygonf/ aemufNyD;
xkwfukef\ taumiftxnf azmf&m
uk'uf vkd nf; ocFsmtoHk;jyK oufaojy
enf;pepf (mathematical proof tech-
nique) rsm;jzif h rS e f u ef r I ppf a q;
xm;ygonf/
,ckaemufyikd ;f pnf;rsO;f oH;k owfrw S f
csuf r sm; (formal specification)
ESifhtwl pufypönf; rSefuefrI ppfaq;
jcif;udk vufawGU vkyu f ikd o
f rl sm; pdw0f if
pm;rI trsm;tjym;&Sdvmygonf/ Oyrm
chip 'DZi dk ;f wGif jzpfEidk af om rSm;,Gi;f rI\
ukefusp&dwfonf tvGefBuD;rm;Ekdifyg
onf/ xkdYaMumifh pufypönf;'DZkdif;
rSefuefrI ppfaq;jcif;twGuf t&if;
tjrpfrsm; toHk;jyK&mwGif aiGaMu;t&
txl;tusdK;&SdEkdifygonf/ aemufNyD;
us,jf yefYpmG toH;k jyKrnfh pnf;rsO;f (pro-
tocol) wpfckudk 'DZkdif;vkyf&mwGif ,if;
taejzifh vkdtyfonfh vkyfEkdifpGrf;ESifh
vHjk cHKa&;vu©Pmrsm; &So d nfukd rSeu f ef
rI ppfaq;&mwGif ta&;ygygonf/
aqmhzf0Jtif*sifeD,mrsm;u pnf;
rsO;f oH;k pepfrsm;qdak om pum;vH;k rsm;udk
Mum;aomtcg þrSeu f efru I kd pnf;rsOf;
oHk; oufaojyjcif; (formal proof of
correctness) udk pOf;pm;Muygonf/
okdYaomfvnf; þpmwrf;wGif pnf;rsOf;
oHk;pepfrsm;udk uGefysLwmodyÜHynm&Sif
157

rsm;u owfrSwfjcif;ESifh ocFsmqkdif&m
wefqmyvmrsm; toH;k jyK&mwGif tusdK;
aus;Zl;&Sdaom tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;udk
odrf;oGif;yg0ifonf[k us,fjyefYpGm
awG;awm ,lqygonf/
XML jyef v nf j zpf a y:vmjcif ; (re-
cursion) ESifh ocFsmoHk; awG;ac:&&SdrI
(mathematical induction)
y½kd*&rf pDpOfa&;om;jcif; bmom
pum;wpfck\ 0guszGJUpnf;yHk (syntax)
onf yg0if&mESifh uif;vGwfaom o'´g
(context-free grammar) okdYr[kwf
0guszGJUpnf;&myHkrsm; (syntax dia-
grams) jzifh pnf;rsOf;oH;k owfrw S xf m;
ygonf/ þowfrSwfcsufonf com-
piler a&;om;olrsm;ESihf y½k* d &rfppD Ofa&;
om;olrsm; ESpfOD;pvHk;twGuf &Sif;vif;
apygonf/
y½kd*&rfpDpOfa&;om;jcif; bmom
pum;rsm;\ 0guszGUJ pnf;yHu k kd pnf;rsOf;
oH;k owfrw S jf cif;ESihf t&nftaoG;wlNyD;
tvm;tvm&Sdonfh wkd;wufrIrSm y½kd
*&rfrsm;ESifh pepfrsm;twGif; owif;
tcsuftvufudk zGJUpnf;yHk&Sdaomenf;
158
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jzifh xkwv f iT &hf ef XML udk poH;k jcif;yif
jzpfygonf/ HTML uhJokdYyif tcsuf
tvufudk tags rsm; toHk;jyKNyD; wifjy
ygonf / od k Y aomf tags rsm;onf
browser wGif ,if;\ cif;usif;rItpm;
tcsut f vuf\ t"dymÜ ,f wnfaqmuf
yHk (semantic structure) udk nTef;jyyg
onf/ tcsuftvuftrsdK;tpm; owf
rSwfazmfjycsufrsm; (data type defini-
tions, DTDs) onf y½dk*&rfpDpOf a&;
om;aom bmompum;wpf c k w G i f
wnfNidraf om trsdK;tpm;pepfu w&m;
0ifaom y½kd*&rfrsm;tay: uefYowf
csufrsm;udk nTef;jyaom enf;uhJokdY
tcsut f vuf\ wnfaqmufyakH y:wGif
uefYowfcsufrsm;\ pnf;rsOf;oH;k owf
rSwfcsuf tvm;wlay;urf;ygonf/
XML udkvnf; y½kd*&rfpDpOfa&;
om;&aom bmompum;rsm;uhJokdYyif
parse jyKvkyfEkdifNyD; parse trees uhJodkY
wnfaqmufyHkrsm; jzpfay:vmygonf/
tcsut f vufu, dk w
f idk u
f v
kd nf; y½k*d &rf
pDpOfa&;om;&m bmompum;rsm;ay:
wGif toHk;jyKaom trsdK;tpm; ppfaq;
&mrsm; (type checkers) wGif toHk;jyK
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
aom tvm;wlenf;pepfrsm;udk oHk;NyD;
DTD jzifh ppfaq;Ekdifygonf/ odkYaomf
vnf; yHkaoy½kd*&rf pDpOfa&;om;&m
bmompum;wpfc\ k raysmah ysmif;aom
wnfaqmufyHkwGif uefYowfxm;rnfh
tpm; tvm;wlt"dyÜm,f&Sdaom tcsuf
tvufukd a0iSo;kH pGaJ om tkypf rk sm;tae
jzifh uGJjym;aom tcsuftvuf trsdK;
tpm;udk azmfjy&eftwGuf tags ESifh
DTD rsm; tpktrsdK;rsdK;ay:wGif oabm
wlnDEkdifygonf/
ydkYolESifh vufcHolwkdYu tcsuf
tvuftwGuf DTD ay: oabmwlyg
u ydkYolonf XML yHkpHoGif; tcsuf
tvuf (XML-formatted data) udk
xkwv f yk Ef idk Nf y;D vufcoH o
l nf parse vky?f
ppfaq;NyD; ,if;vG,fulpGm toHk;jyK
Ekid af omyHpk o H Ykd ajymif;vJEidk yf gonf/ þ
pDpOfvkyfaqmifrItm;vHk;onf y½kd*&rf
pDpOfa&;om;&m bmompum;rsm;udk
t"dyÜm,fazmfxkwf&ef rlvu wDxGif
xkwfvkyfxm;aom enf;ynmudk toHk;
jyKí &ygonf / þenf ; ynmonf
uGefysLwmodyÜHoDtkd&Dykdif;qkdif&m (theo-
retical computer science) \ BuD;rm;
aom atmifjrifrIwpf&yf jzpfygonf/
,if;onf pnf;rsOf;oHk;bmompum;
azmfjycsufrsm; (formal description of
languages) ESifh bmompum;rsm;udk
pDpOfvyk af qmifaom y½d*k &rfrsm;twGi;f
oufaojyEkdifaom algorithmic quf
oG,frIrsm;udk ay;urf;chJygonf/
odkYaomfvnf; y½kd*&rfpDpOfolrsm;
onf þenf;ynmudk vspfvsL½INyD;
tcsuftvufudk recursive descent
compilers \ wl n D & mud k oH k ; NyD ;
wku d ½f u
dk pf pD Ofvyk af qmifapumrl XML
udk pnf;rsOf;oHk; owfrSwfxm;aom
tcsuftvuftjzpf ocFsmqkdif&m em;
vnfrIonf XML ESifh vkyfudkif&m
twGuf wefqmyvmrsm; ay;urf;yg
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
onf/ DTD onf regular expres- xkdYaMumifh discrete mathematics y½kd*&rfpDpOfolrsm;taejzifh algo-
sion ESifh tvm;wlaom tcsuftvuf oif½;dk rsm;wGif awG;ac:&,lroI nf tvGef rithm \ tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;twGuf owf
wnfaqmufyHk\ owfrSwfcsufwpfck ta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&m jzpfay rSwcf surf sm;udk a&;om;Ekid yf gu ,if;wkYd
ay;ygonf/ þuhJodkYaom owfrSwf onf/ ocFsmoH;k awG;ac:&,lru I kd aumif; taejzifh rSeu f efrt I wGuf pnf;rsO;f roH;k
csufrsm;rS wkduf½kduf&,lEkdifaom finite rGefpGm em;vnfaom y½kd*&rfpDpOfa&; jiif;cHkcsufudk vG,fulpGmay;Edkifrnf
automata ay: tajccHonfh vG,ful om; olrsm;onf a&;om;&mwGif ydv k ,
G f jzpfygonf/ atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;
aom algorithm rsm;u 0ifvmaom ulonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ydkta&;BuD; ar;jcif;ESihf ajzqkjd cif;jzifh &&SEd idk yf gonf/
tcsuftvufrsm;udk auseyfapjcif; &Sd onfrSm jyefvnfjzpfvmjcif;oHk; algo- tajccHjzpf&yfonf owfrSwfcsufudk
r&Sd udk ppfaq;Ekid yf gonf/ tjcm;tcsuf rithm rsm;\ rSefuefaMumif; oabm auseyfapygovm;/ ½Iyaf xG;aom jzpf&yf
tvuf vrf;nTeaf om (data directed) aygufaponfh jiif;ckHcsufrsm; ay;Ekdif rsm;onf aemufq;kH wGif tajccH jzpf&yfqD
algorithm rsm;onf tcsuftvufudk rnf jzpfygonf/ odkY a&mufygovm;/ y½kd*&rf pDpOfol
parse vkyfNyD; tjcm;yHkpHrsm;odkY ajymif; a&SUupmykd'fwGif oufaojyjcif; taejzifh xnfhoGif;xm;aom jyefvnf
vJEkdifygonf/ tpm; oabmaygufaponfh jiif;ckcH suf jzpfvmjcif;ac:,lcsufrsm; (embedded
XML rSwfwrf;rsm;onf ,if;wkdY rsm; ay;onf[k aocsmpGm oHk;pGJchJyg recursive calls) onf trSeu f kd vkyo f nf
\ parse vkyfxm;aom yHkpHudk tyif onf / aocsmaom pnf ; rsOf ; oH k ; [k ,lqygu þjzpf &yfonf owfrw S f
oP²mefrsm;taejzifh em;vnfEikd yf gonf/ rSeu
f efrI oufaojyjcif; (formal proof csuu f kd auseyfapovm;/ xkYdjyif xku d oJh Ykd
tyifoP²mefrsm;ESihf vkyu f ikd &f mwGif jyef of correctness) udk vkdtyfaom tajc pDpOfvkyfaqmifrIudk vuf&Sd y½kd*&rfudk
vnfjzpfvmjcif;oH;k (recursive) algo- taersm;&Sdaomfvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh ppfaq;jcif;wGifom toHk;jyKrnfhtpm;
rithm rsm;onf stack oHk;aom wlnD algorithm wpfck\ rSefuefrItwGuf ,if;udk wpfcsdef wnf;wGif y½kd*&rf
onfh xyfcgwvJvJ jyKvkyfjcif;oHk; (it- pnf;rsOf;roHk; jiif;ckHcsuf (informal wDxGifxkwfvkyf&mESifh ppfaq;&mwGif
erative) algorithm rsm;ESip hf mvQif odod argument) ay;½Hjk zifh vHak vmufygonf/ toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/
omomem;vnf&ef vG,fulygonf/
y½kd*&rfrmtrsm;onf jyefvnf jzpfvm
jcif;oHk; algorithm rsm;udk a&SmifMuOf
Muygonf/ tcsdKUonf em;rvnfí
vnf;aumif;? tcsdKUonf xufjrufrI
r&SdvGef;[k ,lqí vnf;aumif; jzpfyg
onf/ okdYaomf jyefvnfjzpfvmjcif;oHk;
owfrw S xf m;aom (recursively speci-
fied) odkYr[kwf tyifoP²mef wnf
aqmufyHk&Sdaom (tree-structured)
tcsuftvufukd pDpOfvyk af qmif&mwGif
jyefvnfjzpfvmjcif; (recursion) jzifh
ydv
k ,G u f yl gonf/ y½k*d &rf pDpOfa&;om;
olrsm;taejzifh jyefvnfjzpfvmjcif;udk
taumif;qHk; em;vnfEkdifNyD; ,if;wkdY\
jyefvnfjzpfvmjcif;oH;k y½k*d &rfrsm; (re-
cursive programs) onf ay;xm;aom
owfrSwfcsufrsm;udk auseyfap&ef ao
csmatmif rnfoYkd jyKvkyrf nfenf;/ tajz
rSm ocFsmoH;k awG;ac:&,lrI jzpfygonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 159


vHkjcHKrIESifh pdwfcs&rI tcsuftcsmpepf
rsm;
(Secure and safety-critical sys-
tems)
rMumrDu Akdif;&yfESifh tjcm;vHkjcHK
a&;udk wkdufckdufrIrsm;onf vHkjcHKrIESifh
pdwfcs&rI tcsuftcsm (secure and
safety-critical) pepfrsm;\ ta&;ygrI
ESihf ta&;wBuD;vkt d yfru
I kd rD;xk;d jyvku
d f
ygonf/ uGefysLwmodyÜHynm&Sifrsm;
taejzifh vHkjcHKrIESifh pdwfcs&rI tcsuf
tcsmpepfrsm; ra&;om;aomfvnf;
,if;wkdY\ pepfrsm;ay:okdY vuf&SdESifh
jzpfEidk af om jcdr;f ajcmufrrI sm;udk em;vnf
&rnf j zpf y gonf / r,H k M unf & aom
yif&if;rsm; (untrusted sources) rS
qGJcsul;,laom (download) aqmhzf0J
onf pepfukd tEÅ&m,fjyKaom trlt&m
rsm;rvkyf&ef ppfaq;enf;rsm;tay:
pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;aom vkyfudkifrI
rsm; &Sdygonf/ qGJcsul;,lxm;aom
Java applets rsm;onf oJykH; (sand-
box) twG i f ; om vk y f a qmif E k d i f & ef
tmrcHNyD; vuf&Sdzkdifpepfudk zwfjcif;ESifh
a&;om;jcif;rS z,f&Sm;xm;ygonf/
tjcm;pdwf0ifpm;zG,f okawoe
onf oufaojycsufudk o,faqmif
aomuk'f (proof carrying code) ay:
wGif tm½Hpk u kd x
f m;ygonf/ y½k*d &rfppD Of
a&;om;olrsm;onf y½kd*&rftaejzifh
ay;xm;aom vHjk cHKa&; ay:vpDwpfct k m;
vk d u f e monf u d k puf u ul n D a om
oufaojycsufxuf vG,fulpGm xkwf
vkyEf ikd yf gonf/ oufaojycsufukd uk'f
ESifhtwl qGJcsul;,lNyD; tvkdtavsmuf
qGJcsul;,lxm;aom uk'fudk rSefuef
onfESifh vHkjcHKonfudk ppfaq;ygonf/
wpfcgoH;k uk'rf sm;twGuf vkyaf qmifru I kd
oJykH;twGif; uefYowf&ef vHkavmuf
ayrnf/ okdYaomfvnf; pepfay:wGif
xyfcgwvJvJ toHk;jyKaom t"du y½kd
160
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*&rfrsm;\ tpdwftydkif;wGif rawmf
wq Akid ;f &yfrsm;ESihf tjcm;ysupf ;D apaom
uk'rf sm; ryg0ifonfukd oufaojycsuf
u BuD;rm;aom tmrcHrI ay;Ekid yf gonf/
oufaojycsufrSwfpkrsm;yg assembly
language odkY bmomjyefjcif; yg0if
aom ocFsmoufaojycsuf enf;pepf
rsm; toHk;jyKaom tjcm;enf;vrf;
rsm;udvk nf; wDxiG f xkwv f yk v
f suf&ydS g
onf/
ed * H k ;
þjiif;cHkcsufESif Oyrmrsm;onf
tb,faMumifh ocFsmESifh ocFsmoHk;
awG;ac:&m (mathematical thinking)
onf uGefysLwmodyÜHtwGuf ta&;BuD;
aMumif;udk em;vnfrI ay;ygonf/
qufEG,f&m tcsuftvuf tajcrsm;
(relational databases) ESifh pufypönf;
udk ppfaq;onfh model checkers rsm;
\ xl;jcm;aom atmifjrifrIrsm; yg0if
aom Oyrmtrsm;udk xyfay;í &ygao;
onf/ a&G;cs,fchJaom Oyrmrsm;rSm
yifut dk aejzifh pdw0f ifpm;p&maumif;NyD;
txl;ojzifh discrete mathematics
oif½dk;rsm;wGif wefqmyvmESifh pOf;pm;
awG;ac:yHkwkdYonf aemifvufawGUwGif
toH;k usonf[k trsm;tm;jzifah y;aom
Oya'rm;ESifh uGJjym;oifhoavmuf uGJ
jym;ygonf/
uGefysLwmodyÜHynm oifMum;a&;
onf ausmif;om;rsm;\ yxrtvkyf
twGuf odoifhonfudk oifMum;ay;&ef
r&nf&, G yf g/ ,if;wkYd aemufyikd ;f &&Srd nfh
tvkyfrsm;twGuf odoifhonfudkvnf;
oifMum;ay;&ef r[kwyf g/ tvkycf iG w f iG f
avh v moif M um;a&; (on-the-job
learning)? zwfMum;jcif;? oif½kd;twkd
ESihf t&Snrf sm;onf wpfO;D \ toufarG;
0rf ; ausmif ; twG u f vk d t yf o nf u d k
ay;urf;rnf jzpfygonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
wuúodkvfynm oifMum;a&;\
ta&;BuD;qHk;aom yef;wkdifwpfckrSm
aemufxyf avhvmqnf;yl;a&;twGuf
tajccHtkwfjrpfay;&ef jzpfygonf/
þuhJodkY Mum;zl;ygonf/ orm;½kd;us
wuúov kd yf nm oifMum;a&;onf just-
in-case learning ay;NyD; tvkyfcGif
avhusifha&;onf just-in-time learn-
ing ay;ygonf/ ocFsmoHk;awG;ac:&m
onf toH;k usonfuk d odygonf/ rnfonfh
tcgESifh rnfonfh yHkpHjzpfrnfqkdonf
udk a[mudef;xkwfí r&yg/
OD;pkd;ykdif (UCC) ESifh
OD;0if;jrifh (UCC)
azmfjyyg aqmif;yg;onf Communi-
cations of the ACM Magazine
twGJ 46 trSwf 9 pmrsufESm 41 &Sd
Kim B.Bruce, Robert L. Scot
Drysdale, Charles Kelemen ESifh
Allen Tucker wdkY a&;om;aom
Why Math? pmwrf;rS
xkwfEkwfbmomjyefjcif; jzpfonf/
pma&;oltm;vH;k rSm
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkta&SUydkif;&Sd
wuúodkvfrsm;wGif uGefysLwmodyÜH
ygarmu©rsm;jzpfí oHk;OD;rSm
XmerSL;rsm;vnf; jzpfygonf/
ygarmu© Allen Tucker onf
uGefysLwmodyÜH oifMum;a&;wGif
urÇmausmfjzpfNyD; ,if;ESifh ygarmu©
Peter Wegner wkdY yl;wGJa&;om;xm;
aom "New Directions in the
Computer Science Curriculum" udk
2002 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dvxkwf
uGefysLwm*sme,ftrSwf 95wGif
]]tpysdK;uGefysLwmodyÜH
oif½kd;nTef;wrf;rsm;\
vrf;aMumif;opfrsm;}} tjzpf
aumufEkwf bmomjyef wifjychJNyD;
jzpfygonf/
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
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INFOTECH
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tydkif; 27
teD;tem;wpf0u dk t
f wGuf uGe&f ufrsm;
ESihf urÇmu
h eG &f ufrsm;
LANs and WANs
uGefysLwm uGef&ufpepf
zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHk
CPUs rsm;? y&ifwmrsm;uho J Ydkaom
devices rsm; okdYr[kwf qufoG,fa&;
ywfvrf;rsm; qufoG,fxm;aom ydGKifh
(nodes) rsm;tm; tkyfpkwpfcktjzpf
zefw;D zGUJ pnf;xm;jcif;onf data com-
munication network ac: owif;tcsuf
tvuf qufo, G af &; uGe&f ufwpfcyk if
jzpf\/ xdk uGef&uf trsdK;tpm;wGif
rwlnaD om tajccH obm0ESprf sdK; &Sad e
onf/ equipment rsm; csdwfqufxm;
d nfh physical structure ESihf qufo,
&So G f
a&;udpöoHk; software [lí jzpfonf/
Notes rsm;\ rsujf rif jzefYa0xm;rI
ESifh ¤if;wkdYtcsif;csif; wpfckESifhwpfck rS vkyfaqmifay;aeouhJodkY uGefysLwm IBM mainframes uGefysLwmrsm;ESifh
qufoG,fxm;&Sdaom ywfvrf;aMumif; wpfckESifhwpfck ajymqkdrIrsm; Mum;Ekdifap yDprD sm;wkYd qufo, G jf cif;twGuf trsm;
rsm;udk network topology odkYr[kwf &ef tvkdYiSm cables rsm;ESifh transceiv- pk toHk;jyKMuaom enf;jzpfygonf/
network architecture taejzifh em; ers rsm;u vkyu f ikd af y;onf[k qk&d rnf/ Token Ring adaptors trsm;pk\ data
vnfxm;Muonf/ aqmhzf0Ju@rSm Network signals rsm; ay;ydkYjcif;? ydkYvTwfEIef;rSm 16 megabite per sec-
protocols rsm; yg0ifcsufyif jzpf\/ vufcH,ljcif;wkdY aqmif&Gufay;onfh ond &S d o nf / Ethernet onf 10
Oyrmtm;jzifh systmes wpfckESifh wpfck [mh'f0JrSm transceiver jzpfaomfvnf; mbits/secon &onf/ Ethernet onf
tMum; tjyeftvSef qufoG,fEkdifaprI ¤if;ESit
hf wl cables rsm;vnf; rygrjzpf twwfEkdifqHk; tcuftcJjyóem uif;
udk formats rsm;tm; tqHk;tjzwfay; yg0ifaeygonf/ avmavmq,f umv apaomenf;jzifh ydkYvTwfEkdifonfhtjyif
onfh pnf;rsOf;rsm; xm;&Sdjcif;tykdif;udk rsm;wGif transceivers rsm;tjzpf trsm; performance taumif;qH;k tqift h jzpf
qkdvkdonf/ uGef&ufay:wGif wpfOD;ESifh qHk; toHk;jyKMuonfrSm Token Ring ,HkMunfpdwfcspGm toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
wpfOD; pum;ajymqkd&mwGif toHk;jyK okdYr[kwf Ethernet odkYr[kwf Local okdYtwGuf Ethernet onf intersine
onfh language u@wGif software Talk wkdY jzpf\/ Token Ring onf actinity ES i f h jref qef rI twG u f

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 161


taumif;qHk;jzpf½Hkomru oHk;zufjrif
CAD odkYr[kwf a&mifpHk electronic
printing vkyf ief; rsm; twGuf vnf;
tqifajyqHk; jzpfygonf/
Local Talk transcievers rsm;
onf aps;taygqHk; jzpf\/ Apple
Macintosh uGefysLwm wpfckpDwGif
toifhyg&SdaeaomaMumifh[kvnf; rSwf
,lEidk o
f nf/ Local Talk network onf
tenf;i,faES;auG;onf[k qkdEkdifaomf
vnf; high-speed network wpfckudk
cswd qf uf toH;k jyKvkad omtcgwGif pdwf
wkdif;us toHk;jyKEkdifap&eftvdkYiSm Mac
uGefysLwm awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif ad-
ditional circuitry toifh ygvmwwfyg
onf/
Protocols rsm;ESifh ywfoufí
physical interfaces rsm;ESifh trans-
mission speed rsm;twGuf vkyfenf;
vkyf[ef pnf;urf; trsm;tjym; yg0if
ae\/ printing vkyfjcif;ESifh file shar-
ing vkyfjcif;wkdYuhJodkYaom function
rsm;udkvnf; jy|mef; owfrSwfay;yg
onf/ Token Ring protocols rsm;
onf xdwkdufvkdif; ydwfqkdYrIrsm;ESifh jzpf
Ekdifp&m&Sdonfh tajctaersm;udk a&Smif
uGi;f vkyaf qmifay;onf/ owif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk xkwfvTwfay;Ekdif&ef
workstation uGefysLwmwpfvHk;onf
Token wpfcak wmh &S& d rnf jzpf\/ net-
work vkyi f ef;wpfct
k wGuf Token wpf
ckom vkdtyfygonf/ odkYtwGuf net-
work BuD;wpfckvHk;\ toHk;csEkdifrIudk
Token om trmcHtjzpf &yfwnfaeay;
xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ Ethernet wGifrl
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Pro
tocol/Internet Protocol) [l o nf h
options rsm; &Sdaeonf/ ¤if;onf op-
erating systems rsm; rwlnDvQif yif
wpfckESifhwpfck qufoG,fvkyfudkifEkdif
ojzifh tvGeftoHk;0ifaom options
162
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
rsm; jzpf\/ Local Talk networks rsm;
ESihf ywfoufí Apple Talk protocols
udk toHk;jyKMuygonf/ Macintosh
operation system wGif Apple Talk
manager yg&SdNyD;jzpfum Macs ESifh
rwlnD y½kd*&rfrsm;ay:wGif interface
tvJtvS,fjyKEkdifaprnfh driver wpfpHk
yg0ifxm;vsuf&Sdonf/
LANs ac: teD;tem;wpf0u kd o f ;kH
uGef&ufrsm;onf gateways rsm;jzifh
tcsif;csif; csdwfquf,lEkdifaponf/
tqkyd g devices rsm;onf qufo, G af &;
pDrHuGyfuJrIESifh BuD;rm;aom network
BuD;rsm;ay:okdY vrf;aMumif; xdef;odrf;
ay;rIrsm;udk vkyaf qmifay;onf/ ¤if;wkYd
onf rwlnDaom networks rsm;\
protocols rsm;udk bmomjyefqkday;Ekdif
\/ qkv d o
dk nfrmS local Talk network
jzifh aqmif&Gufxm;onfh Apple Talk
protocols rsm;udk Ethernet network
jzifh &Sad eaom TCP/IP wpfcu k kd qufo, G f
rI jyKEkdifapjcif;yif jzpfygonf/
urÇmhuGef&ufrsm;
zGJYpnf;wnfaqmufyHk
c&D ; a0;uG m vS a om ae&mrsm;
okdYr[kwf urÇmESifht0ef; qufoG,frI
rsm;twGuf uGefysLwmESifh LANs wkdY
onf wpfckwnf;aom integrated
network yHp kw
H pfct k jzpf jyKvyk x f m;aom
wide area network (WAN) odkY quf
oG,ftoHk;jyK&onf/ wide area net-
work rsm;rS taumif;qHk; OyrmESpfck
rSm Internet ESifh Arpanet yifjzpf\/
¤if;wkdYjzifh toHk;csum transfer data
rsm;udpö? okawoeynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
ynma&;Xmersm;\ tD;ar;rsm;udpö?
pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&u G af eMuonfh tzGUJ rsm;
udp?ö ppfbufqidk &f m udprö sm;ESihf omref
vlrsm; udpötoD;oD;wkdY\ udpöt00udk
yg aqmif&u G vf yk uf ikd Ef idk Mf uonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
Networks rsm;ud k csd w f q uf
aqmif&u G &f mwGif w,fvzD ek ;f vkid ;f rsm;jzifh
jzpfap? fibre-optic cables rsm;jzifh jzpf
ap toHk;jyKEkdifMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network) onf w,fvDzkef;vdkif;rsm;rS
wpfqifh digital text rsm;? sound rsm;
ESifh video data rsm;tm;vHk; xkwfvTifhrI
twGuf international standard wpfck
jzpf\/ FDDI (Fiber Distributed
Data Interface) onf optical-fibers
network wpfckjzpfonf/ xdk standard
topfypkH oH nf 100 megabite/second
txd thHMozG,faumif;avmufaom
speed jzifh data rsm;udk ydkYvTwfay;Ekdif
ygonf/
acwfopf ta0;okdY qufoG,fa&;
pepfwkdif;onf Fibre-optic cables
rsm;udkom toHk;csMuonf/ taMumif;
rSm glass-fibres \ tvGet f rif; us,f
jyefYvSaom band-width udk toHk;jyKí
data rsm;udk high-speed jzifh ydkYvTwf
Ekdifapjcif;aMumihfyif jzpf\/ fibre sys-
tem onf glass fibre vki d ;f wpfavsmuf
high frequencies txd xm;&Sdum
tvif;xkwfvTwfrIpepfudk toHk;csum
armif;ESiaf qmif&u G af y;onf/ (1) cable
rsm;onf physical space tm;jzifh
tenf;i,fom ,ljcif; (2) vQypf pf"mwf
o,faqmifxm;aom vkdif;r[kwfaom
aMumifh tEÅ&m,f uif;jcif; (3) vQyfppf
oHvkdufpufuGif;udk a&SmifuGif;xm;jcif;
ponfhtcsufrsm;onf vlwkdif; BudKuf
ESpfoufp&m tusdK;qufrsm; jzpfaeyg
onf/
tm&S? Oa&my? tmz&du paom
wku d Bf uD;rsm;twGuf uGe&f ufBuD;rsm;rSm
rl N*dK[fwrk sm;rSwpfqifv h nf; csdwq f uf
rI jyKvkyfEkdifonf/ omrefw,fvDzkef;
vkdif;udk toHk;cs&efjzpfap? dish aerial
wpfckjzifh csdwfxm;onfh fibre-cables

rsm;udk toH;k cs&ef jzpfap modem wpfck
rSwpfqifo h m uGeyf sLwmrsm;udk qufo, G f
,lEidk o
f nfjzpf\/ dish aerial qko d nfrmS
signals rsm;udk vufcHjcif;? xkwfvTifh
jcif; jyKay;onfh BuD;rm;aom concare
reflector wpfck yg&Sad om qufo, G af &;
ud&, d mwpfcyk if jzpfonf/ N*dK[fwrk S &&Sd
aom signals rsm;udk ta0;wpfae&m&Sd
workstation uGey f sLwmrS vufcH zrf;,l
Ekdifa&;twGufESifh csJU,lay;Ekdifa&;wkdYudk
aqmif&Gufay;ygonf/
Network configurations
A data communications net-
work is a group of devices (CPUs,
printers, etc.) or 'nodes' inter con-
nected by communications circuits
so that users can share data, soft-
ware programs and hardware re-
sources. There are two different
elements in this kind of network:
the physical structure that links the
equipment, and the software that
allows communication.
The physical distribution of
nodes and their interconnecting
communication circuits is known
as network 'topology' or 'architec-
ture'. The software consists of the
protocols, i.e. the rules which de-
termine the formats by which in-
formation may be exchanged be-
tween different systems. We could
say that cables and transceivers
(the architecture) allow computers
to 'hear' one another, while the soft-
ware is the 'language" that they use
to 'talk' to one another over the
network.
As regards the cables, they
consist essentially of the trans-
ceiver - the hardware that sends
and receives network signals. At
present the most widely used
transceivers are: Token Ring,
Ethernet and LocalTalk. Token
Ring is the most common method
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
of connecting PCs and IBM main-
frames. Most Token Ring adapters
transmit data at a speed of 16 mega-
bits per secdond. With Ethernet,
data is transmitted at 10 Mbits/sec.
Ethernet provides a very robust,
trouble-free architecture with good
levels of performance. In this re-
gard, Ethernet is the best solution
for fast and intensive activity. It is
also recommended for electronic
colour printing or three-dimen-
sional CAD. LocalTalk transceiv-
ers are the cheapest of all because
they are included in each Apple
Macintosh. However a LocalTalk
network is a bit slow, which is why
most Macs come wih additional
circuitry for connecting to a high-
speed network.
As for protocols, these are
rules which describe things like
transmission speed and physical
interfaces. They also define func-
tions such as printing and file shar-
ing. The Token Ring protocol
avoids the possibility of collisions.
To transmit data, a workstation
needs a token, and as there is only
one token per netowk, holding one
guarantees sole use of the network.
With Ethernet there are other op-
tions, of which TCP/IP (transmis-
sion Control Protocol/ Internet Pro-
tocol) is perhaps the most useful
since it allows different operating
systems to communicate with each
other. With regard to LocalTalk
networks, they use AppleTalk pro-
tocols. The Macintosh operating
system includes the Apple Talk
manager and a set of drivers that
let programs on different Macs ex-
change information.
LANs can be interconnected
by gateways. These devices help
manage communications and con-
trol traffic on large networks. They
can translate protocols of different
netw0rks which means that a Lo-
cal Talk network running an Apple
Talk protocol can be connected to
an Ethernet network running TCP/
IP.
WANs and world wide communi-
cations
For long-distance or world-
wide communications, computers
and LANs are usually connected
into a wide area network (WAN) to
form a sigle, integrated network.
Two good examples of wide are
networks and Internet and
Arpanet. They transfer data and e-
mail for university researchers and
academics, commercial groups, mili-
tary installations and ordinary
people.
Networks can be linked to-
gether by either telephone lines or
fibre-optic cables. For example,
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network) is an international stan-
dard for transmitting digital text,
sound, voice and video data over
telephone lines. On the other
hand, FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data
Interface) is an optical fibre net
work. This new standard transmits
data at great speed - 100 megabits
per second.
Modern telecommunications
use fibre-optic cables because data
can be transmitted at a very high
speed through the extremely wide
band widths of glass fibres. The
fibre system operates by transmit-
ting light pulses at high frequen-
cies along the glass fibre. This of-
fers considerable advantages: (i)
the cables require little physical
space; (ii) they are safe because
they don't carry electricity; (iii) they
avoid electromagnetic interference.
Networks on different conti-
nents can also be connected via
satellite. Computers are connected
163

by a modem either to ordinary tele-
phone wires or fibre-optic cables,
which are linked to adish aerial.
This aerial has a large concave re-
flector for the reception and send-
ing of signals. Then, when signals
are received by the satellite, they
are amplified and sent on the work-
stations in another part of the
world.
rSwfom;zG,f a0g[m&rsm;
Physical structure: jrifawGUEkdifaom
ypönf;rsm;jzifh zGJUpnf; wnfaqmuf
xm;csufrsm;
The organization of the
things.
node: uGefysLwmuGef&ufwGif
tvufwpfckudk zefwD;edkifjcif; vufcH
Ekid jf cif; okYdr[kwf jyefausmEh idk jf cif;&So
qufoG,fa&;yGdKifh
On a local Area Network, a
connection point that can create,
receive, on repeat a message.
Protocol: uGefysLwm qufoG,fa&;
xH;k enf;vrf;? uGeyf sLwmpepfrsm;tMum;
odYkr[kwf uGeyf sLwmrsm;tMum; owif;
tcsuftvufrsm; vTJajymif;zvS,f&m
wGif toHk;jyKaom pHjyK owfrSwfxm;
avh&Sdonfh pepf/
A set of standard for exchang-
ing information between two com-
puter system or two computer de-
vices.
topology: LAN wpfckay:rS devices
rsm; okYdr[kwf LANs ESpcf t
k xuf wpfck
ESifh wpfckwkdYtm; tquftoG,f jyKEkdif
&ef yHkpHjyKxm;aom uGef&ufwpfck\
tcif;tusif; odkYr[kwf yHkoP²mef
The configuration or layout of
a network formed by the connec-
164
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tions between devices on a LAN
or between two or more LANs.
Architecture: jrifawGUEkdifaom ypönf;
wnfaqmufyHk odkYr[kwf uGefysLwm
pepf wpfck\ 'DZkdif;ESifh ¤if;wGif yg&Sd
aom tpdwftydkif;rsm; zGJUpnf;xm;rI
The physical construction or
design of a computer system and
its components.
transceiver: transmitter/receiver
wkdYtm; twkdaumuf ac:a0:jcif; jzpf
onf/ signals rsm;udk vufcjH cif;twGuf
jzpfap? ydkYvTwfjcif;twGufjzpfap ESpfrsdK;
vHk; aqmif&Guf,lEkdifaom ud&d,m jzpf
onf/
tcsuf Short for transmitter/receiver.
A device that can both transmit and
d nfh receive signals.
Ethernet: uG e f & uf r sm; cd k i f r mpG m
&yfwnfrI jyKEkdif&eftwGuf IEEE (In-
stitute of Electrical and Electron-
ics Engineers) ukwf 802.3 udk pHcsdef
pHnTef;tjzpf xm;&Sdaom uGef&ufpepf?
Carrier Sense Multiple taejzifh em;
vnfxm;Muonf/ vrf;aMumif;yHkpHay:
wGif ,HkMunfpdwfcspGm toHk;jyK&ef pDpOf
ay;onf yH k o P² m ef tcif ; tusif ;
odkYr[kwf bus wpfckudk toHk;jyKxm;
onf/
The IEEE 802.3 standard for
contention networks. Ethernet
uses a bus or star topology and
relies on the from of access known
as carrier serve multiple.
Token ring network: uG e f & uf
wpfrsdK;? uGef&ufpepfwpfckwGif uGefysL
wmwpfvHk;rS tcsuftvufrsm; ay;ydkY
jcif;? o,f,ljcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&mü uGef
&uftwGif;&Sd tjcm;uGefysLwmwpfvHk;rS
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ay;ydkY? o,f,lay;aom tcsuftvuf
rsm;ESifh xdyfwkdufrjzpfap&ef pDrHxm;
aom uGef&ufpepfyif jzpfonf/ node
rsm;rsm; toHk;csaom uGef&ufwpfck
twGuf Token-ring pepfonf ydkí
aumif;rGef\/
In Local Area Networks, a net-
work architecture that combines
token passing with a hybrid star/
ring topology.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol \ twkd
aumuf a0g[m& jzpfonf/ tar&duef
umuG,af &;XmerS wDxiG f zefw;D chaJ om
protocol suite wpfck jzpfonf/ tcsif;
csif; csdwfqufxm;jcif;twGufjzpfap?
rwlnDaom uGef&ufrsm;jzifh csdwfquf
xm;onfjzpfap qufo, G af &; vkyu f ikd f
Edkifap&ef aqmif&Gufay;aom aqmhzf0J
jzpfonf/
Acronym for Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
A protocol Suite developed by U.S.
Deperment of Defense for commu-
nications over inter connected,
sometimes dissimilen networks.
Arpanet: us,jf yefYaom {&d,m uGe&
f uf
wpfcjk zpfonf/ 1960 jynfEh pS w
f iG f tar
&duefumuG,fa&;Xme&Sd Advanced
Research Projects Agency rS pwif
zefw;D chaJ om uGef&ufjzpfonf/ (1998
ckESpfwGif Arpanet udk tNyD;tydkif zsuf
odrf;chJonf/)
A large wide area network cre-
ated in the 1960s by the U.S. De-
partment of Defense Advanced
Research projects Agency.
Fibreoptic cable: tvif;bufqkdif&m
signals rsm;udk xkwv
f iT jhf cif;jzifh uGe&f uf
wnfaqmufrIjyK&mwGif toHk;csaom

aub,fBudK;wpfrsKd ; jzpfonf/ coaxial
cable rsm;ESifh ESpfyifvdrf aub,fvf
BudK; rsm; uhJ okdY vQyfppf pD;jcif;jzifh
raqmif&Gufay/
A form of cable used in net-
works that transits signals opti-
cally, nather than electrically as do
coaxial and twisted pair cable.
SELFTEST
Infotech English for computer
users.
Santiago, Remacha Esteras
1. Warm-up
Try to answer these ques-
tions.
1. What is a computer network?
2. What are the benefits of con-
necting computers and periph-
erals in a network?
2. Listening
Listen to the description of this
compute network. Label the differ-
ent elements.
3. Reading
Read the text and then match these
technical terms with their defini-
tions.
1. LAN
a) the hardware that emits and
receives signals in a computer
network
2. network architecture
b) a network contained in a rela-
tively small area
3. nodes
c) the arrangement of nodes in a
communication system (i.e.
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
the distribution of elements in
a network)
4. protocol
d) a device that translates proto-
cols between different types
of networks (e.g it can link
networks of PCs and Macs to
mainframes and minicomput-
ers)
5. transceiver
e) a special unit of data which
acts as a key on a Token Ring
network; only the machine in
possession of this piece of
software can transmit on the
network.
6. token
f) a set of rules that allows the
exchange of information over
a network
7. gateway
g) computer devices intercon-
nected in a network.
4. Language work: Prepositional
phrases of 'reference'
In the following example: As for
paris, it has some amazing sights
- like the Eiffel Tower
Eiffel ower,, the expres-
sion as for marks the theme of the
sentence.
Look at the words in the box below
and combine them to make eight
similar phrases of reference
meaning 'concerning'. You can
use words more than once. Refer
back to the text to find some of
them.
with to in
for as on
the regard this
regards matter reference
of respect
5 . If you use a network write a
short description of it, with details
of its architecture and protocol.
Say what you and your collegues
use the network for
for..
6. WANs and worldwide commu-
nications
Try to answer these questions
1. What is a WAN?
2. How can computers be linked
up over a long distance?
3. What are the advantages of op-
tical-fibre cables over tele-
phone lines?
4. What is the function of com-
munications satellites?
Now read the passage and find out
if your answers were correct.
For long-distance or worldwide
communications, computers and
LANs are usually connected into
a wide area network (WAN) to form
a single, integrated network. Two
good examples of wide area net-
works are Internet and Arpanet.
They transfer data and e-mail for
university researchers and academ-
ics, commercial groups, military in-
stallations and ordinary people.
Networks can be linked together
by either telephone lines or fibre-
optic cables. For example, ISDN (In-
tegrated Services Digital Network)
is an international standard for
transmitting digital text, sound,
voice and video data over tele-
phone lines. On the other hand,
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data In-
terface) is an optical-fiber network.
This new standard transmits data
at great speed- 100 megabits per
second.
165
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Modern telecommunications 7. Writing network. Various PCs have access
use fibre-optic cables because data A. The diagram below illustrates to a file server, an IBM mainframe,
can be transmitted at a very high the computer connections in three an e-mail server, and a printer.
speed through the extremely wide areas of a lar ge company
large company.. First The file server probably con-
bandwidths of glass fibres. The fi- look at the description of the of- tains application programs like da-
bre system operates by transitting fice area network. Then write tabases, spreadsheets and ac-
light pulses at high frequencies similar descriptions of the other counting packages. The mainframe
along the glass fibre. This offers two areas. contains large amounts of informa-
considerable advntages:(i) the In the office area, the comput- tion about the company, adminis-
cables require little physical space; ers are connected in a Token Ring trative work, etc.
(ii) they are safe because they don't
carry electricity; (iii) they avoid
electromagnetic interference.
Networks on different conti-
nents can also be connected via
satellite. Computers are connected
by a modem either to ordinary tele-
phone wires or fiber-optic cables,
which are linked to a dish aerial.
This aerial has a large concave re-
flector for the reception and send-
ing of signals. Then, when signals
are received by the satellite, they
are amplified and sent on to work-
stations in another part of the
world.

166 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

zdkifawGudk tNyD;zsufvdkufcsifvdkY
uReaf wmfu h eG yf sLwmxJuae ta&;Bu;D wJh
zdkiftcsKdUudk tNyD;wdkif zsufvdkufcsifw,f/
'gayr,fh tJ'v D zkd suvf u kd w f zhJ ikd af wGukd jyef
ac:vdkY&wJh Utility awG&Sdw,fvdkY od&
w,f/ zdkifawGu trsm;od&ef roifhavsmf
7. Speaking * In Los Angeles, the computers
wJhtwGuf jyefNyD;r&,lEdkifatmif zsufwJh
In small groups, study and discuss are connected to the telephone
the illustration below
below.. Then pre- lines by ........... . However, in enf ;av;rsm;&S&d if ñTeMf um;ygO;D cifAsm/
pare a description and give an oral Barcelona ................... . Windows xJuae Recycle Bin
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* This diagram represents a wide from ..................... . Then the zdi k af &;xm;wJh (ae&m,lxm;wJ)h ae&mrSm
are network or WAN. Two net- signals are retransmitted to
tjcm;zdik af wG0ifNyD;ae&m,lzYkd toifjh zpf
works are linked via satellite. ....................... .
One net`work is in .......... and * The purpose of this integrated oGm;wwfw,f/ tJ'DvGwfoGm;wJh ae&m
consists of ......................... . The network may be ..................... rSm tjcm;zdkifwpfcku 0ifNyD;ra&;rcsif;
other LAN is in ................ and It allows large companies and a'wmta[mif;awGu &Sdaeao;w,f
contains ...................... . institutions to .......................... . vdkY ajymEdkifw,f/ aemufxyfy½dk*&rf
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cables over telephone live (i)
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3. The advantages of optical-fibre
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over a long distance by internet Oyrm Norton Utilities rS m
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video data 2. Computies can be linked up
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10. Ligtal text, Sound, voice and cally seperated area.
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9. intenational standard work that connects. geographi-
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1. WAN is a communications net-
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8. Bare long
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to a dish aerial
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Desk Utilities 98 y½d*k &rfeYJq&kd if ud,
6. by a modem which are limited as for k f
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5. modem with regard to
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4. fibre-optic cable as requrds the
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3. network
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in this regard
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2. ordinary telephone line (4)
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1. LAN aemuftNyD;wdkif&Sif;vif;okwfoif
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(7) g=3
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f = 4,
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ferent continents.
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tion satallite is connected on dif- d = 7,
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they avoid electromagnetic in- a = 5, vdYk ac:wJh zsuNf yD;vufusezf ikd af wG ae&m
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(3)
they don't carry electricity; (iii)
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cal space (ii) they are safe because SOLUTION
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uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 167

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
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JAVA Developer Guide
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'Dae&mrSm function taMumif;udk oD;oefY acgif;pOftae uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh main( ) function eJY uk,
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aygufomG ;awmhrmS yg/ C & C++ eJY uGjJ ym;jcm;em;wmuawmh
Function Method In JA VA
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ukd avhvmaeoltaeeJY rpdrf;ygbl;/ bmvkdYajym&wmvJqkd wJhykHpHudk Diagram qGJjyxm;wmyg/
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function wpfckjzpfvkdYygyJ/ C & C++ rSmvnf; twlwlygyJ/ the line after the function call.
tck a&;om;ykdYcsr,fh function( ) awG&JUykHpHeJY main( ) ykHpH[m
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xyfwlxyfrQwlovm;qkd&ifawmh pGrf;&nftaeeJYuawmh Main ()
func1
{ S tatement;
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rygvm&if tJ'D program [m compile vkyfEkdifpGrf;awmif } S tatement; < retum;
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ayr,fh program compile vkyfNyD; Run NyDqkdwmeJY main( ) >
method ukd awGUatmif&SmNyD; tJ'Dae&mupNyD;awmhrS com-
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main( ) function uawmh tdrfwHcg;rBuD;eJY wlygw,fqkdrS ywfoufNyD;awmh tMurf;tm;jzifh em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;
awmh wHcg;rBuD;udk zGifhr0ifbJ tdrfxJudk 0ifvkdYudk r&awmhyg &if java.util.array package xJu Arrays class ukd ac:,l
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168 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Listing 1.21 Duplication on Array and test- AB CD EF
ing writes the function method AB CD EF
1. import java.util.Arrays; AB XYZ EF
2. public class duplicate{ AB CD EF
3. public static void main(String[]
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6 . print(a); //function call
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b=");
9 . print(b); tion udk a&;om;cJh&jcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm looping ukd
10.System.out.println("Arrays.equals xyfBudrfwvJvJ ywfp&mrvkdawmhbJeJY Arrays rSeforQ&JU
(a,b)= "+Arrays.equals(a,b)); data number awGukd ½du k xf wk af wmhr,fq&dk if print( ) func-
11.int i=Arrays.binarySearch (a,44);
tion udk ac:,lvkduf½kHyJaygh/
12.System.out.println("Found at po-
sition 44 is "+i); Analysis
13 . Arrays.sort(a); 1/ Listing 1.21 rSm a&;om;&Sif;vif;jyxm;wJh program
14 . System.out.print("Sorted Array
a[]="); print(a);
[m Java Language &JU tqifhjrifh package awGxJu
15 . object awGukd ac:,l ok;H pG½ J oHk mruyJ function method
1 6. String[]c={"AB","CD","EF"};//ar- ukdvnf; Introduce vkyfNyD; a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ uJ
rays contai three string elements pwifNyD; avhvmMunf&h atmif/ vkid ;f eHygwf 1 rSm a&;xm;
1 7. print(c);
1 8 . String[]d=(String[])c.clone();//
wmuawmh java. util.Arrays package udk ac:,l tok;H
duplicatec[]in d[] jyKxm;wmygyJ/ vkid ;f eHygwf 2rSmrS Duplicate class qkw d hJ
1 9. print(d); primary class ukd a&;zGJUNyD;awmh open brace{ ukd zGifh
20.
2 1 . c[1]="XYZ"; //Change String[]c of
xm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ 'Dae&mrSm uRefawmfajymcsifwm
index 1,CD into XYZ uawmh uRefawmfhtaeeJY main ( ) function ukd pwif
2 2. print(c); r&Sif;vif;ao;bJ vkdif;eHygwf 26 uae vkdif;eHygwf 34
23 . pint(d);
24 . } //close brace to main()function
txd a&;om;xm;wJh print qkdwJh function av;udkyJ
25. t&if&Sif;jyoGm;rSmyg/ 'gudk ½IyfaxG;roGm;apcsifygbl;/
26. public static void print(intp []a){ 2/ vkdif;eHygwf 26 rSm a&;xm;wmuawmh public static
27. for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
void print (int[ ])a qkdwJh function av;udk awGU&rSmyg/
28. System.out.print(a[i]+" ");}
29. } 'DtcgrSm a&SUrSmtokH;jyKxm;wJh public qkw d hJ static key-
30. word av;udk owdjyKrdrSmyg/ 'Dae&mrSmawmh Java Lan-
31. public static void print(object
guage rSm static keyword eJY final keyword qkNd yD;awmh
[]a){
32. for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){ ESpfrsKd; uGJjym;jcm;em;ygw,f/ tJ'gawGudkawmh function
33. System.out.print(a[i]+" ");} awG zefw;D a&;om;&if vku d ef m&r,fh Rules awGeYJ twlNyD;
34. }
35. } //close brace to primory class
rSyJ aoaocsmcsm &Sif;jyygawmhr,f/ 'Dawmh print( )
output qkdwJh function av;udk a&;zGJUNyD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm tzGifh
Array a=22 14 6 8 44 20 brace{ av;udk owdjyKrdrSmyg/ ta&;BuD;wJh tcsuf
Cloned Array b=22 14 6 8 44 20
Arrays.equals(a,b)=true
wpfcsufuawmh 'D print ( )function xJrSm int[ ]a qkdwJh
Found at position 44 is = 4 arguments aMumifh 'D function udk call ac:NyD; int,
Sorted Array a[]=6 8 14 20 22 44 string tp&SdwJh arrays awGukd xnfv h udk &f if wGucf sufNyD;

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 169

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
wJhtcgrSm pass by value vkyfNyD;awmh tajzudk main( )
xJudk jyefykdYay;rSmyg/
3/ vkdif;eHygwf 27 rSmawmh function xJudk xnfhoGif;cH&wJh
arrays awGudk print xkwfay;zkdYtwGuf for looping eJY
t&ifywf&ygw,f/ 'Dvkd looping ywfNyD;rSom output
taeeJY print xkwv f Ydk &rSmaemf/ olwYdk ukd ½k;d ½k;d print com-
mand taeeJY output xkwfvkdY &ovm;qkd&if r&ygbl;/
olwkdY[m arrays awGrkdYygyJ/ ½kd;½kd; arrays r[kwfwJhudef;
qk&d ifawmh &rSmaygh/ 'Dtcg looping ywf&mrSm for loop-
ing &JU test expressing ae&mrSm udef;*Pef;uefYowf
csuu f kd rxnfo h iG ;f bJeYJ i<a.length; qkNd yD; a&;om;xm;yg
w,f/ Looping ywfNyD;wkdif; looping brace xJudk0ifNyD;
awmh arrays &JU data items awGukd ½dkufxkwfygw,f/
'Dtcg data items awG wpfcek YJwpfcMk um;rSm white space
jcm;atmifvkdY Double quote" " ESpfckMum;rSm blank
space ukd xnfha&;xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh output xGuf
vmwJhtcgrSm data items awG wpfckeJYwpfckMum;rSm
Double quote jcm;cJhoavmuf tuGmta0;jcm;em;wm
aygh/ vkdif;eHygwf 28 rSmawmh for looping twGuf close
brace} eJY vkdif;eHygwf 29 rSmawmh print( ) function
twGuf close brace} ukd vmydwfxm;ygw,f/
4/ vkdif;eHygwf 3 uae vkdif;eHygwf 34 txd a&;xm;wJh
print( ) function av;udk awGUwJt h cgrSm pmzwfot l aeeJY
rsufpdvnfNyD;awmh complex jzpfaumif; jzpfoGm;Ekdifyg
w,f/ owdxm;NyD; avhvmMunfhr,fqkd&ifawmh vkdif;
eHygwf 31 rSm a&;xm;wJh print( ) function u argu-
ments eJY rwlygbl;/ vkdif;eHygwf 31 u a&;xm;wJh
print( ) function &JU arguments [m object[ ]a vkdY
a&;xm;wmudk pmzwfol owdjyKrdrmS yg/ t"dymÜ ,fuawmh
tay:u print( ) function [m omref arrays &JU data
item awGudk vufcHwGufcsufNyD; output xkwfay;rSmyg/
vkdif;eHygwf 3 rSm a&;xm;wJh print( ) function uawmh
object[ ]a qkw d hJ arguments aMumifh object array awGukd
vufcHwGufcsufNyD; print xkwfay;rSmyg/ 'D function( )
ESpfck[m function_name wlayr,fh vkyfaqmifcsuf
uGJjym;jcm;em;ygw,f/ Java rSm t&m&mwkdif;[m ob-
ject awG r[kwfygbl;/ wcsKdU programmer awGuawmh
rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqMuNyD;awmh Java rSm t&m&m[m ob-
ject awGyJvkdY a<u;aMumfaeMuygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 3
u print( ) function &JU tzGifh brace{ ukd owdjyKNyD;
a&;om;xnfhoGif;yg/ Function &JU body_statement
170 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
awG a&;om;yku H awmh tay:u print( ) function a&;om;
xm;ykHeJY twlwlygyJ/ 'gaMumifh tao;pdwfr&Sif;awmhyg
bl;/ 'DtcgrSm pmzwfoltaeeJY ar;aumif;ar;csifygvdrfh
r,f/ Print( ) function ukd ac:ok;H wJt h cgrSm b,f func-
tion u tvkyfvmvkyfr,fqkdwmudkygyJ/ vkdtyfvkdY
ac:okH;wJhtcgrSm tqifajywJh compact jzpfwJh func-
tion udk Java Interpreter uae pDpOfay;rSmyg/ 'Dawmh
b,fvkd array rsKd;yJjzpfjzpf print xkwfay;EkdifNyDayghaemf/
'DtcgrSm vkdif;eHygwf 36 rSm a&;xm;wJh close brace
[m duplicate qkdwJh primary class &JU close brace}
ygyJ/ Primary class &JU twGif;xJrSm a&;xm;wJhtwGuf
'Dvkd function rsKd;udk self-defined function vkdY ac:a0:
ygw,f/ 'DtcsufawGudk rSwfxm;yg/ aemufykdif; 'Dtac:
ta0:awGeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh oD;oefY&Sif;jyyghr,f/ 'D
function( ) ESpfckukd main( )function &JUtay:rSm
a&;vnf;&ygw,f/ Primary class &JU tzGifheJYtydwf
brace Mum; b,fae&myJjzpfjzpfaygh/ trSefwu,f pro-
gram pwifNyD; run vkyf&if main( ) ae&muyJ pwifNyD;
awmh run vkyrf mS yg/ Main( ) [m tdrw f pftrd &f UJ 0ifayguf
wHcg;rBuD;eJYwlygw,f/ wHcg;rBuD;jzpfwJh 0ifaygufu
0ifrS tdrfxJa&mufrSmaygh/ tdrfxJa&mufrS tdyfcef;^xrif;
pm;cef;xJukd 0ifvYdk &rSmayghaemf/ wu,fvYdk main( ) qkw d hJ
function( ) yifrBuD;uom rSm;,Gif;ae&if error wufae
&ifawmh function( ) i,fav;awGjzpfwJh tdyfcef;^xrif;
pm;cef;xJudkvnf; 0ifvkdY b,f&awmhrSmvnf;aemf/ 'gukd
owdjyKNyD;rS rSwfom;yg/ a&SUrSmvnf; &Sif;jyay;cJhNyD;ygNyD/
5/ 'D print( ) qkw d hJ function( ) ESpcf [
k m rdrpd w
d Bf udKuf ac:,l
tokH;cscsifvkdY zefwD;a&;om;xm;wmyg/ uJ main( )
function tykdif;udk avhvmMuygOD;pkdY/ vkdif;eHygwf 3 rSmrS
main( ) function ukd tpjyKNyD; a&;om;xm;ygw,f/
vkid ;f eHygwf 4 rSmawmh int[ ]a={22,14,6,8,44,20}; qkw d hJ
array ukd aMunmygw,f/ NyD;awmh owdjyK&rSmu
System.out.print("Array a="); qkdNyD; output xGufjy
wJhtcgrSm t&ifay:zkdYtwGuf print command ukd tokH;
jyKNyD; a&;om;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh Array a= qkw d m t&ifay:
aeNyDaemf/ vkdif;eHygwf 6 rSmrS uRefawmfwkdY zefwD;cJhwJh
print( ) function udk call ac:NyD;awmhrS array &JU mem-
ber data yawGudk vmNyD; output xkwfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm
ar;&rSmu System.out.print( )command ukdyJ okH;NyD;rS
output xkwf&if r&bl;vm;? qkdawmh r&ygbl;/ 'D
commant ukd tokH;jyKcsif&if for looping eJYywfNyD;rS
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
wGufxkwf&rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY zefwD;a&;om;
cJhwJh function xJrSm looping ywfNyD; data member
items awGudk ½kdufxkwfzkdY oD;oefYpDpOfa&;om;cJhwJh func-
tion xJrSm looping ywfNyD; data member items awGudk
½du
k xf wk zf Ydk oD;oefY pDpOfa&;om;cJw h myg/ 'gaMumifh vkid ;f
eHygwf 7 rSm a&;xm;wJh call function method aMumifh
Array a=22 14 6 8 44 20 qkdNyD; output vmjywmyg/
Mum;xJrSm white space jcm;xm;wmuawmh print( )
function ukd a&;om;xm;xJu double quote" " jcm;NyD;
a&;om;cJhvkdYygyJ/ uJ 'Dtxd&NyDaemf/
6/ vkdif;eHygwf 7 rSmawmh Array class xJu class( )
method ukd tokH;jyKNyD;awmh int[ ]b udk zefwD;ygw,f/
NyD;awmh cloned Array b= qkdwmudkawmh vkdif;eHygwf 8
rSm System.out.print( ) method udk tokH;jyKNyD;awmh
output xkwfygw,f/ Array b &JU data member awGudk
awmh uReaf wmfwYdk zefw;D cJw h hJ print( ) function ukd ac:ok;H
NyD;rS output xkwfygw,f/ 'Dawmh cloned Array b=22
14 6 8 44 20 qkdNyD; output vmjyjyefygNyD/ vkdif;eHygwf
10 rSmawmh Array ESpfck[m nDrnDudk java.util.Arrays
package xJu equals( ) method ukd ac:okH;NyD; out-
put xkwfwJhtcgrSm Arrays.equals(a,b)=true qkdwJh
tajzudk vmjyygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 11 rSmawmh int i udk
Declare vkyy f gw,f/ NyD;awmh binarysearch( ) method
ukd ac:,lNyD;awmh Array a[ ] &JU data member awGxrJ mS
44 qkw d hJ ude;f [m Arrays &JU b,f index ae&mrSm &So d vJ
vkdY wGufckdif;NyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf 12 rSmrS System.out.
pintln( ) method ukd tokH;jyKNyD;awmh found at posi-
tion=4 vkdY vmjyygw,f/ Arrays &JU index awGudk jywJh
tcgrSm a[0] upw,fqkdwmudk rSwfrdaerSmyg/ 44 [m
index[4] ckajrmufrSm &SdaevkdYygyJ/
7/ vkdif;eHygwf 13 rSmawmh Sort( ) method udk tokH;jyKNyD;
awmh array a ukd sorting vkyfygw,f/ NyD;awmh vkdif;
eHygwf 14 rSmawmh print command ukd tokH;jyKNyD;awmh
sorted Array a[ ]= qkdwmukd t&if ½dkufxkwfygw,f/
NyD;awmhrS data item awGukd uRefawmfwYdk zefw;D a&;om;cJh
wJh print( ) function ukd ac:,lNyD;awmh output xkwfay;
ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 15 udkawmh program code ukd
&Sif;vif;atmif line space csefcJhwmyg/ Line Spacing
ukd rcsefvnf;&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf 16 rSmawmh
String[ ]c={"AB","CD","EF"}; qkdNyD; string ele-
ments okH;ckudk Declare vkyfygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 17
uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf
rSmawmh Declare vkycf w hJ hJ arrays awGukd output xkwaf y;
ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm output taeeJY AB CD EF vkdY vmjy
wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ vkdif;eHywf 18 rSmrS string[ ]c udk
cloned( ) method eJY string[ ]d qkdNyD; duplicate vkyf,l
jyefygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 19 rSmrS output xkwfay;yg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh AB CD EF qkNd yD; xyfvmjyjyefygw,f/
8/ vkdif;eHygwf 2 rSmawmh c[ ] array xJu data awGudk
changes vkyfygw,f/ tvG,fajym&&ifawmh c[ ] array
&JU 'kwd,ajrmuf^ index taeeJYqkd&ifawmh c[1] jzpfwJh
data item udk change vkyz f YdktwGuf c[1]="XYZ"; qkNd yD;
awmh changes declare vkyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh vkdif;
eHygwf 22 rSm print( ) function ac:,lNyD; print xkwfwJh
tcgrSm AB XYZ EF qkdNyD; vmjywmjzpfygw,f/ vkdif;
eHygwf 23 rSm print(d) qkdNyD;rS string[ ]d udk output
xkwfygw,f/ 'Dawmh output taeeJY AB CD EF qkdwm
udkyJ vmjywmygyJ/ String[ ]c ukdom data changes
vkyv f u dk w
f myg/ String[ ]c udk cloned vkyyf mG ;,lxm;wJh
string[ ]d ukdu changes vkyfwmrSr[kwfyJ/ 'Dawmh
rlvyGm;,lpOfu &xm;wJh data twkdif;yJ vmjywmaygh/
'gaMumifh output awG[m uGJjym; jcm;em;wmaygh/ uGJjym;
jcm;em;rSef;odatmifvnf; output xkwfjywmyg/ Main
( ) function &JU close brace ukdawmh vkdif;eHygwf 24 rSm
vmydwfxm;ygw,f/ Duplicate class qkdwJh primary
class &JU close brace ukad wmh vki d ;f eHygwf 36 rSm vmydwf
xm;ygw,f/ Program [m NyD;oGm;ygNyD/ uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh
function( ) awGudk zefwD; a&;om;wJhtaMumif;udkvnf;
em;vnf oabmaygufomG ;awmhr,fvYdk ,kMH unfygw,f/
Note: 'D Listing 1.21 rSm function taMumif;udk pepf
wusem;vnfatmif a&;om;&Sif;jycJhovkd Java &JU pack-
age class awGxJu API method awGudk vkdtyf&ifvkdtyf
ovkd ac:,lokH;pGJEkdifatmif a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ tckvkd Java
language &JU programming structure ukd pwifavhvmwJh
tcgrSm vkt d yfwahJ e&mrSm xnfo h iG ;f ok;H pGEJ idk af tmifvYdk ayghaemf/
'Dawmh atmufrSm API method awG tukefawmh r[kwfao;
ygbl;/ vkdtyfr,fxifwJh method awGygyJ/ 'D object class
awGudk a&;om;wifjywJhtcgrSm jrefrmvkd a&;om;&Sif;jyjcif;
r&Syd J tcsKUd ae&mawGrmS Java Guide Book awGrmS ygwJt h wkid ;f
English vkd a&;om;xnfhoGif;ay;xm;ygw,f/ 'grSom
aemufykdif; ykdNyD;zwf&vG,fulvmrSmyg/ avhvmMunfhyg/
JAVA Language eJY ywfoufNyD; tvGefvlajymrsm;wJh
pum;ykHwpfck&Sdygw,f/ tJ'guawmh pmzwfolMum;zl;rSmyg/
171
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
"Write Onec, Run Anywhere" t"dyÜm,fuawmh wpfBudrf nextDouble( ) //return random double or float
a&; ae&mwkdif;okH;qkdwJh t"dyÜm,fygyJ/ wcsKdUolawGuawmh values between 0.0 and 1.0
nextFloat( ) //return random double or float
ajymavh&ydS gw,f/ 'g[m Java Applet awGeYJomqkyd gw,fvYdk values between 0.0 and 1.0
ajymMuygw,f/ trSefwu,fuawmh Java Applet awGom nextLnt( ) //return random int or long value
ru Java Applet awG Java Application rS tpjyKaom (all possible value)
Java eJY qufET,faeaom source code tm;vkH;yg tusLH; nextLong( ) //return random int or long value
0ifygw,f/ uJ pwifavhvmMuygpkYd / 'g[m Java &JU pGr;f &nf (all possible value)
nextGaussian( ) //return a double value between
wpfckygvkdY ajym&ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ -1.0 and 1.0
Introduction to JAVA API (Application Programming
JAV
The Array Class (java.util.Arrays class)
Interface)
public static int binarySearch( )
JAVA Language ukd avhvmwJhtcgrSm taxmuftul
public static boolean equals( )
&apzkdYtwGuf tajccHtqifhrSm tokH;0ifavmufr,fxifwJh public static void fill( )
object class awGxJu API method awGudk a&;om;ykdYcsay; public static void sort( )
xm;ygw,f/ owdjyK&rSmuawmh tck uReaf wmfwifjywJh API Note: The all the methods in the Arrays Class are
method [m Introduction vkyfw,fqkdwmudk rarhzkdYygyJ/ static. Thus, they are invoked using the prefix Arrays,
instead of with the name of an instance of the class.
uJ pwifavhvmMu&atmif/
The Maths Class (java.util.Math Class) java.long.String
java.long.String
public static double abs(double x) //absotute Char charAt (int index)
value int compareTo (String Other)
public static native double aton(double x) //asct boolean endsWith (String suffix)
ongent boolean equalsIngoreCose(String other)
public static native double ceil(double x) //ceiling int indexOf(String Str)
public static native dou ble cos(double x) int indexOf(String Str, int Fromindex)
public static native double sin(double x) int lastIndexOf (String str)
public static native double tan(double x) int length( )
public static native double sqrt(double x)//square String replace(charchar, char newChar)
root boolean startsWith (String prefix)
public static native double log(double x) //base e String substring (int beginIndex)
public static native double exp(double x) //base e String substring (int beginIndex, int endIndex)
public static native double floor(double x) String tolowerCase( )
public static native double max(double x, double y) String toUpperCase( )
public static native double min(double x, double y) String trim( )
public static native double pow(double x, double y)
public static long round(double x) java.swing.JOptionPane
public static syncrmized double random( ) Static String showInputDialog(object message)

Convert Between Degrees and Radians java.long.System

public static double toDegrees(double radians) Static void exit(int Status)
//converts the specified number of radians to degrees
public static double toRadinans (double degrees) java.text.NumberFormat
//converts the specified number of degrees to radians Static NumberFormat getCurrencyInstance( )
Static NumberFormat getPercintInstance( )
Methods that return Random Numbers using Ran- Static NumberFormat getNumberInstance( )
dom Class String format(double number)
nextBoolean( ) //return a random boolean value void setMaximumFractionDigits (int digits)

172 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
"Write Onec, Run Anywhere" t"dyÜm,fuawmh wpfBudrf nextDouble( ) //return random double or float
a&; ae&mwkdif;okH;qkdwJh t"dyÜm,fygyJ/ wcsKdUolawGuawmh values between 0.0 and 1.0
nextFloat( ) //return random double or float
ajymavh&ydS gw,f/ 'g[m Java Applet awGeYJomqkyd gw,fvYdk values between 0.0 and 1.0
ajymMuygw,f/ trSefwu,fuawmh Java Applet awGom nextLnt( ) //return random int or long value
ru Java Applet awG Java Application rS tpjyKaom (all possible value)
Java eJY qufET,faeaom source code tm;vkH;yg tusLH; nextLong( ) //return random int or long value
0ifygw,f/ uJ pwifavhvmMuygpkYd / 'g[m Java &JU pGr;f &nf (all possible value)
nextGaussian( ) //return a double value between
wpfckygvkdY ajym&ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ -1.0 and 1.0
Introduction to JAVA API (Application Programming
JAV
The Array Class (java.util.Arrays class)
Interface)
public static int binarySearch( )
JAVA Language ukd avhvmwJhtcgrSm taxmuftul
public static boolean equals( )
&apzkdYtwGuf tajccHtqifhrSm tokH;0ifavmufr,fxifwJh public static void fill( )
object class awGxJu API method awGudk a&;om;ykdYcsay; public static void sort( )
xm;ygw,f/ owdjyK&rSmuawmh tck uReaf wmfwifjywJh API Note: The all the methods in the Arrays Class are
method [m Introduction vkyfw,fqkdwmudk rarhzkdYygyJ/ static. Thus, they are invoked using the prefix Arrays,
instead of with the name of an instance of the class.
uJ pwifavhvmMu&atmif/
The Maths Class (java.util.Math Class) java.long.String
java.long.String
public static double abs(double x) //absotute Char charAt (int index)
value int compareTo (String Other)
public static native double aton(double x) //asct boolean endsWith (String suffix)
ongent boolean equalsIngoreCose(String other)
public static native double ceil(double x) //ceiling int indexOf(String Str)
public static native dou ble cos(double x) int indexOf(String Str, int Fromindex)
public static native double sin(double x) int lastIndexOf (String str)
public static native double tan(double x) int length( )
public static native double sqrt(double x)//square String replace(charchar, char newChar)
root boolean startsWith (String prefix)
public static native double log(double x) //base e String substring (int beginIndex)
public static native double exp(double x) //base e String substring (int beginIndex, int endIndex)
public static native double floor(double x) String tolowerCase( )
public static native double max(double x, double y) String toUpperCase( )
public static native double min(double x, double y) String trim( )
public static native double pow(double x, double y)
public static long round(double x) java.swing.JOptionPane
public static syncrmized double random( ) Static String showInputDialog(object message)

Convert Between Degrees and Radians java.long.System

public static double toDegrees(double radians) Static void exit(int Status)
//converts the specified number of radians to degrees
public static double toRadinans (double degrees) java.text.NumberFormat
//converts the specified number of degrees to radians Static NumberFormat getCurrencyInstance( )
Static NumberFormat getPercintInstance( )
Methods that return Random Numbers using Ran- Static NumberFormat getNumberInstance( )
dom Class String format(double number)
nextBoolean( ) //return a random boolean value void setMaximumFractionDigits (int digits)

172 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
uJ Figure 1.73 rSmawmh Linear(or Sequential) search vG,fulygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Sentinel search method ukd
method &JU Flowchart ukd a&;qGJjyxm;ygw,f/ avhvm tokH;jyKxm;wJh Flowchart eJY Sentinel search method
Munfhyg/ tus,fcsJUNyD; r&Sif;ao;ygbl;/ vkdtyfvm&if pepf ukd tokH;rjyKbJ a&;qGJxm;wJh Flowchart qkdNyD; Diagram
wus tjynfpkHqkH; ykdYcsay;rSmyg/ avhvmMunfhygOD;/ tvGef ukd 2 rsKd;cGJNyD; qGJjyxm;ygw,f/

Figure 1.7.3 A comparison of the case where the sentinel search method is used and the case where it is not
used

<The case where the sentinel search method is used> <The case where the sentinel search method is not used>

S tart
S tart
p
p 1 oi
1oi o
op p
Only one compari- TBL(i) : X = i : 9
son is made during p
one search p
z Two comparisons p< "Not Found"
i+1 o i are required dur-
p ing one search TBL(i):X =

p pz
p i + 1o i
i : 9 >

p<
"Found" "Not Found" p
"Found"
po
End po
End

uJ Linear (or sequential) search method taMumif;udk
oabmayguf o G m ;&if a wmh Binary Search method
taMumif;udk qufvuf avhvmMunfhyg/
Binary Search method
Binary search method &JU search method uawmh
search vkyfvkdwJh data eJY table wpfckvkH;udk dividing into
two parts vkyNf yD;awmh compare vkyNf yD; &SmazGwmygyJ/ olY&UJ
method [m Linear search method eJY qifwo l vk&d adS yr,fh
uGm[csuf&Sdygw,f/ tJ'guawmh binary search method
eJY search vkyfwJhtcgrSm table rSm yg0ifwJh elements data
awG[m ascending or descending order vkyfxm;&yg
r,f/ t"dyÜm,fuawmh sort vkyfNyD;rS search vkyfvkdY&wJh
t"dyÜm,fygyJ/ uJ &Sif;oGm;atmif Figure 1.74 taeeJY a&;
jyxm;wJh Algorithm eJY compare Technique ukd avhvm
MuygpkdY/
Figure 1.7.4 Algorithm for the binary search method
Step 1: A total of the value of a subscript representing
the top of a table and that of a subscript repre-
senting the end of a table is divied by 2.
Step 2: The elements having the value obtained in step 1
as a subscript are compared with a target ele-
ment.
Step 3: If there is an element taht matches a target ele-
ment, the search is successful.
Step 4: If the value of a target element is smaller than
that of an element in a table, 1 is subtracted from
the current subscript and the value is used as a
subscript for representing the end of a table.
If the value of a target element is larger than that
of an element in table, 1 is added to the current
subscript and the value is used as asubscript for
representing the top of a table.
Step 5: Step 1 through step 4 is repeated. If an element
matching a target element cannot be found at the
point where the value of asubscript

174 uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
'Dtay:u Figure 1.7.4 rSm a&;jycJwh hJ Algorithm state-
Figure 1.7.5 Flowchart of the binary search method
ments awG u d k wpf a Mumif ; qD zwf M unf h N yD ; em;vnf
oabmaygufoGm;&if factorials in compare techinque
ukd qufvuf avhvmMunfhyg/ Continue in Figure 1.7.4 Binary search method

qkNd yD; xnfoh iG ;f a&;qGaJ y;xm;ygw,f/ Figure 1.7.4 taeeJY p

The number of elements oN
a&;jyxm;wJh Algorithm Statements awGeYJ compart tech- p
nique awGudk awGUwmeJY Binary search method ukd em; X in input Note: (a) means that
vnf&Sif;vif;oGm;rSmyg/ ykdNyD;jynfhpkHoGm;atmif Figure 1.7.5 p decimal numbers of
taeeJY a&;jyxm;wJh Flowchart ukd avhvmMuwmaygh/ 0 o FOUND 'a' are truncated to
atmufrSm Diagram a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ p turn 'a' into an inte-
1 oA ger
ger..
p
N oB
Continue in Figure 1.7.4 op
TBL(1)TBL(2)
TBL(1)TBL(2)TBL(3)
TBL(2)TBL(3)TBL(4)
TBL(3)TBL(4)TBL(5)
TBL(4)TBL(5)TBL(6)
TBL(5)TBL(6) TBL(7)
TBL(6)TBL(7)TBL(8)
TBL(7)TBL(8)TBL(9)
TBL(8)TBL(9)TBL(10)
TBL(9)TBL(10) A > B or Ye s
TBL 1002 1005 1010 1024 1028 1052 121 1211
1 1322 1866 2132 FOUND=1
p
p p No
[ A+B ]oi
X 1866 2
p
TBL(6)TBL(7)
TBL(6)TBL(7)TBL(8)
1322TBL(9)
TBL(7)TBL(8)
TBL(8)TBL(9)TBL(10)
TBL(9)TBL(10)
= z
○

1052 121
12111 1866 2132 X : TBL(i)
p
○

The second p p
p comparison i o FOUND
< >
X 1866 X : TBL(i)
p p
i - 1 oB i + 1 oA
TBL(9)TBL(10)
TBL(9)TBL(10)
○

1866 2132
p
○

The
p third p
X 1866 com-
parison z =
FOUND : 1
p p
Search Search
unsuccessful successful
uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh Algorithm &JU title wpfcjk zpfwhJ search
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NyD/ 'Dawmh trSefwu,f&nf&G,fxm;wJh sort Algorithm
taMumif;udk tjynfhpkHqkH;jzpfatmif 1.5.1 Sort Algorithm
qkdNyD; sub-title taeeJY a&;om;ykdYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ 'Dtcef;
u@uawmh tvGefta&;BuD;wJhtwGuf aoaocsmcsm y,frmS vlwef;aphEidk Nf yD; tqifq
h ifh qufvufwufvrS ;f Ekid rf mS
avhvmygvkdY owday;csifygw,f/ tck uRefawmf a&;om; jzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh jzpfygw,f/ uJ 1.5.1 Sort Algorithm
wifjycJhwmawGudk trSefwu,f em;vnfrSomvQif^ trSef qkdwJh tcef;u@ukd pwif avhvmMuygpkdY/
wu,f wwfajrmufuRrf;usifro S mvQif programming e,f ausmaf Z,smav; (uom)

uGefysLwm*sme,f {jyDv? 2005 ckESpf 175