1. A 1 000 kg elephant has a footwith an area of 5.

A girl is wearing a pair of shoes with a surface

l0 -'. Calculate the pressure exerted on the area of 50 cmr. The pressure to the floor exerted
ground by the elephant in N m-2. by the girl is 25 000 N m-2. What is the weight of
A 20Nm-2 the girl?
B 50Nmr A 75N C 125N
C 100 N m-2 B lOON D 2OON
D 200Nm'
6. Figure 3 shows a 60 kg boy who is skiing.
2. Figure 1 shows a wooden block of 6 kg.

Figure I
Figure 3
What is the maximum pressure that can be exerted
by this block to the table? The ski shoes he wears has the total surface area
A 1.5 N m-2 C 3.0Nmr of 1.5 m x 1.0 m. What is the pressure exerted b1-
B 2.0Nmr D 5.0 N m-2 the boy to the surface of the snow?
A 400Nmr C 100 N m-2
3. A pressure of 2 000 Pa is applied on a floor with B 250Nmr D 50Nm-2
an area of 0.2 m2. What is the force produced?
A 0.0001 N 7. Which of the following is not a unit of
B 4OON pressure?
C sOON APa Catm
D 10000N B Nm-2 D kg-'
4. Figure 2 shows a simple hydraulic system. 8. A manometer is filled with mercury. If the
difference of height of the mercury is 15 cm.
calculate the reading of the manometer in Pascal.
[Density of mercury is 1.36 x 10a kg m The
3.

atmospheric pressure is 105 Pa. 8 = 10 N kg 'l

A 1120 x iOs Pa
B 1.36 x 105 Pa
C 1.02 x 106 Pa
D 1.53 x 106Pa
Figure 2
9. A butcher uses a knife with the surface area
What is the weight of x that can be supported by of 0.2 m2 to cut a piece of meat. If the butcher
40 N? uses 20 N to cut the meat, what is the pressure
A 4N produced?
B 10N A 4Pa
C lOON B 19.8 Pa
D 2OON C 2O.2Pa
D 100Pa
 lc. Figure 4 shows a beaker with a surface area of Figure 6 shows an air bubble which is 10 m
F
I
50 cm2 put on a table. below the surface of the sea. The atmospheric
pressure is 10 m water or 10s Pa.
(Density of water is 1 x 103 kg m')
hu."
prtea 13. Determine the pressure of the air bubble in m
fit of water units.
A 10 m water C 20 m water
Figure 4
B 15 m water D 25 mwater
The beaker is filIed with water with density of
14. Determine the pressure of the air bubble in
1.0 g cmr. The height of the water is 5 cm.
Pascal.
Calculate the pressure acting on the base of the
beaker.
A 1.1 x 105 Pa
A 100Pa C 500Pa B 2.0 x 105 Pa
B 250Pa D 1 000Pa C 2.4 x 105 Pa
D 7.5 x 105 Pa
ll. Which of the following is the application of 15. Which of the following does not influence the
pressure in our daily life? pressure of a liquid?
I Big lorry has more than 4 wheels A Depth of the liquid
[I Knife with small surface area B Density of the liquid
III Movement of a hovercraft C Acceleration due to gravity
A I and II only C tr and III only D Cross-sectional area
B I and III only D I, II and III
16. How should we design a shoe for us to walk
12- Figure 5 shows cuboid with measurement efficiently on swampy land?
2 cmx 5 cm x 20 cm and mass 800 g. A The sole of the shoe must be large enough
to produce smaller pressrre on the swampy
: land

of
41,,"^
lllzucx,
B The sole of the shoe must be large enough to

I
Lt produce larger pressure on the swampy land

ll_ l.)5 cm
C The sole of the shoe must be small enough
to produce smaller pressure on the swampy
zcm land
Figure 5
D The sole of the shoe must be small enough to
i the Which of the following is true about the produce larger pressure on the swampy land
Cffit cuboid?
Lscal. I The volume of the cuboid is 0.0002 m3
17. Figure 7 shows a manometer that is fllled by
liquid X and liquid Ythat do not mix.
The tr The density of cuboid is 4 000 kg m'
-'l III The weight of the cuboid is 8.0 N
IV The pressure acting on the table is 0.3 N mr x
A IVonly C I, II and III only I
la"-
B II and IV only D I,II, [I and IV
I -
I

LevelP

]oestion 13 and question 14 are based on the

.gure 6. Liquid X

Surface of the sea

Figure 7

The height of x and y from the level P is

10 cm and 4 cm respectively. The density ofX is
0.6 g cmr. What is the density of Y?
C Air bubble A 0.24 gcma C 1.50 g cmr
Figure 6 B 1.40 gcma D 2.40 gcm-3
45
Question 18 and question 19 are based on the data 23. What is the disadvantage of this instrument?
below. A It is difficult to look at
B The reading changes very fast
A tank measuring 4 m x 3 m x 5 m is filled with C It is difficult to carry from one place
paraffln oil with density of 800 kg m-. another
D Itvaporises easily
18. What is the maximum pressure exerted at the base
of the tank? 24. Figwe 9 shows a manometer.
A 2.0xl0aNm-2
B 3.1 x 10aNmr
C 4.0 x 10a N m-2
D 7.5 x lDa N m-2

19. What is the maximum force at the base of the

tank?
A 2.4x105N
Figure 9
B 4.8x10sN
C 5.6x10sN
Calculate the pressure of the gas.
D 7.2x105N
[Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg]
20. Which of thefollowing represents the atmospheric A 3cmHg C 76cmHg
pressure? B 73cmHg D 79cmHg
I T6cmHg
U 1.03 x 10s Pa 25. Figure 10 shows a point underneath the water
m 10 m water surface of a pond.
IV 1 atm
P, = 10 m water surface ofpond
A I, II and III only
B II, III and IV only
C I, III and IV only
D I, II, m and IV

Question 21 to question23 are based on Figure 8.

Figure 8 shows a mercury barometer that is used to Figure 10

measure atmospheric pressure on amountain. (Density
of mercury = 13 600 kg m') Determine the depth of the pond.
A 50m C 70m
B 60m D 80m

26. Which of the following are used to measu

atmospheric pressure?
I Manometer
tr Barometer

Figure 8
III Fortin barometer
fV Bourdon gauge
21. What is the atmospheric pressure on the A II and Itr only
mountain in cm Hg? B II, III and IV only
A 6 cmHg C 76 cmHg C I, III andIV only
B 7OcmHg D 82cmHg D I,II, [I and IV

22. What is the atmospheric pressure on the 27. Which of the following is not the application
mountain in Pascal? atmospheric pressure?
A 76 300Pa C 9l200Pa A Rubber plunger C A syringe
B 81 200Pa D 95 200Pa B Drink straw D A submarine

46
 ,a A car with a mass 1 200 kg is supported by 4 tyres. 32. Which of these physical quantities can be stated
The surface area of each tyre is 2 x 10arn3. What in Pascal?
is the pressure exerted by each tyre? A Surface tension
A 1.5 x 10-1Pa C 1.5 x 101Pa B Density
B 6.0 x 10-1Pa D 6.0 x 101Pa C Thrust force
D Pressure
D. Figure 11 shows a simple manometer that is used
to determine the pressure of gas flowing from a 33. The Bunsen burner is based on the principle of
plpe. A conservationofenergy
B Bernoulli's principle
C Archimedes's principle
15 cm
D Pascal's principle

34. On a mountain, the reading on an aneroid

barometer is 3.25 x 104 Pa. Calculate the reading
Figure 11 of the atmospheric pressure by using a Fortin
mercury barometer in cm Hg. (Density of
What is the pressure of the gas? mercury is 1.36 x 10a kg m-3)
(Afinospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg) A 23.9 cmHg C 47.7 cmHg
A 71 cmHg C 84cmHg B 31.8 cm Hg D 64.0 cm Hg
B 83 cmHg D 91 cmHg
35. If the pressure 50 m underneath the sea is 5.75 x
I Figure 12 shows a barometer. 105 N m-2, what is the density of the sea water?
A 605 kg mr
B 800 kg mr
C 1150kgmr
D 1250kgmr
E 1300kgmr
Figure 12 36. Bourdon gauge is used to measure
A pressure ofliquid
What is the value of x?
B pressure ofgas
[Amospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg] C pressure of mercury
A 71cm C 75cm
B 73cm D 76cm Question 37 to question 39 are based on the following
information.
I
a- Figure 13 shows mercury in a glass tube. The
height of the mercury is 50 cm. Figure 14 shows a mercury barometer at750 mm Hg.
I
i
b measure Vacuum

Figure 13 0cm

Figure 14
The atmospheric pressure is 76 cmHg. Calculate
the air pressure. 37. What is the pressure of mercury at the pointA?
fication of A 26 cmHg A 0 cmHg
B 5OcmHg B 10cmHg
C S9cmHg C 76 cmHg
1e
D 126 cmHg D 90 cmHg
E 152 cm Hg

47
 aE Figure 27 shows a U-tube that is filled by 2 types 67. Calctlate the weight of the block when it is
of liquid. fully immersed in water. (Density of water is
1 000 kg mr)

,,
A 5.ON c 13.5 N
"-f B 8.5N D 18.8 N

68. Which of the following application of physics

principles is not matched correctly?
A Military tanks - excavators
Figure 27 B Hot air balloon - hydraulic jack
C Submarine - water reservoir
Determine the difference in height between the D Rubber plunger - syringe
tubes. (Density of liquidXis 800 kg m-, density
of Iiquid Iis I 200 kg m') 69. What is the function of a hydrometer?
A 3cm C 5cm A To measure the atmospheric pressure
B 4cm D 6cm B To measure the relative density of liquids
C To measure the pressure in liquids
ftestion 64 ar:d question 65 are based on Figure 28. D To measure the gas pressufe

Egure 28 shows a balloon. Question 70 to questi on74 arebased on Figure 29.

t
rmuto,""
*T-
((
*q*
I
w'eight of balloon = 15 N
Itl.,.
-n- r
ltl,'* -A- (
| 4-J\
F = force tl-L F L.t--r
Figure 28 [_____.lEr
r in the (a) (b)
fb balloon is filled with 3.0 m3 of helium and held Figure 29
I a student. The total weight of the balloon is 15.0
-[- rDensity of air = 1.5 kg mr) Figure 29(a) shows a block of metal that is hung
from a spring balance. Figure 29(b) shows the block
TL What is the weight of air that is displaced by the of metal when it is fully immersed in water. (Density
balloon? of water = 1 000 kg m-)
A 25.5 N c 40.0 N
B 32.5 N D 45.0 N 70. What is the mass of the metal block?
A 0.2k9 C 3.8 kg
T
t6- What is the force that is applied by the student to B 0.4 kg D 4.0 kg
hold the balloon?
l,n- A c 71. What is the loss in weight experienced by the
I B
25.5 N
30.0 N
40.0 N
D
45.0 N metal block when it is fully immersed in water?
A O.2N
Question 66 and question 67 arc based on the B O.4N
of water information given below. C 3.8N
nine the D 4.ON
that the
vhich is 72. What is the buoyant force acting on the metal
block?
A O.2N
5. What is the weight of the aluminium block? B O.4N
a 1.08 N c 10.8 N C 3.8N
B 1.35 N D 13.5 N D 4.ON

51
 :ted by tr :ressure of a gas in a closed C The atmospheric pressure is
.e when ti* @ :--ner can be increased by all of the same as 76 cm Hg
t
:'eased ,..iorl,ing except D With the presence of atmos- L

h
,.
ater h;r .,.
-:hdrawing some gas from pheric pressure, mercury will
pressu:i ::,e container rise up to 76 cm high I
I

b.6 cm
-:-rreasing the temperature of
I
ie tt
:-e gas 33 Atmospheric pressure can be
rmping more gas into the Ef:lmeasured by Diagram 14
,:,ntainer A a barometer
, ,npressing the gas B a Bourdon pressure gauge A 75.5 cm C 76.5 cm

- piston C a hydrometer B 76.0 cm D 82.8 cm

balloon .ri in a closed container D a manometer

38 Diagrani 15 shows the condition of
EU -:tains a constant pressure. Efi air trapped by a mercury column
. is because 34 Atmospheric pressure is affected in a capillary tube.
: ,he gas molecules move \ry-ith f*riby all of the following except
the ballo.-r :.fferent velocities A density ofair atr

:he air-tig: :he gas temperature changes B temperature of air

..Ytol? :,rntinuously C height from the surface of the mercury
Earth 2cm
ne gas molecules are colliding
:i.ith the wails of the container D movement of air molecules
:,:ntinuously
:he gas molecules move 35 Diagram 12 shows a pond.
Diagram 15
randomly EI
Which of the following is correct
''ater coiurn:
It-agram 11, gas in an air-tight about the pressure of the trapped
:--------A-
L - l5cm
u --:arner is compressed without atr pl
A pr<p,
and p2?
c Pr>Pz.
:-rging its temperature.
-+---t--l- water
Diagram 12
B pr=p., D p.=2p,
oushed
I ts., rV
I

The atmospheric pressure is 39 In Diagram 16, if the atmospheric

equivalent to 10 m of water. Find lffjpressure is 76 cm Hg, what is the
l=.: 9
the total pressure at X in unit of pressure of the trapped air P?
r--. :rerted by P6-' "metre of water" (m./water).
r:=1000k9m- A15 C30 lrapped ai P
:. -,,.iity= lQ6s- Diagram 11 825 D45
i 1500Pa
il 3 000 Pa -,ch of the foilowing statements 36 In Diagram 13, some air is trapped
. not correct?
r. The number of molecules per fli in part X of a barometer.
10cml
i
!,,.: ,,'ing does no Y
s:.- . principle? unit volume is increased
E: : The distance between gas
:: :nolecules is decreased Diagram 16
Il:-:,? The average speed of gas A. 10cmHg C 76cmHg
molecules dorjs not change B 66cmHg D 86cmHg
-r The rate of collision with the
.-':acarXbeir- rvalls is decreased 40 In Diagram lT, liquid X, water and
: rraulic jack wi-: [li mercurv are in equilibrium.

Diagram 13
X
If the atmospheric pressure is water
75 cm Hg, what is the pressure of 1
I rs c.
- is the meaning of the
:--at the air in X, in unit cm Hg? 5cm
ffi . .:,tement "The atmospheric AO c30
r':ssure is 76 cm Hg"? 825 D50 Diagram 17
-.rr 10 i The atmospheric pressure is
. rral area ofpistc: produced by 76 cm ofmercury 37 What is the height of the mercury Ifthe density ofwater is 1 000 kg m 3,
:-rstonB=2.5r-' . Thc atnrospheric pressure is flricolumn in the barometer, lz, as rvhat is the density of liquid X, in
:---: of car X? equivalentto a pressure shown in Diagam 14? [1 cm co]umn unit of kg m-;r?
C 4O(]N produced by a column of of mercury can support 13.6 cm A 800 c 1000
D 2500N mercury oiheight 76 cm column ol water.] B',867 D 1250
 - ers weigh: -- - - Diagram 25, a hydrometer of Which of the foilowing quantities 59 In Diagram 30, when the cylindrical
,.jinwater f! ,ass 25 g and length 15 cm is will increase? ffiweight is lowered into the water,
ating upright in water. A The depth ofwater, I R spring
-. :n by higi B The buoyant force on the ice l-f- hatance
C The reading on the balance v
,.
ater in th. D The volume of water A cylindrical
LJ- y,,sigirl

.d upon bt 56 Diagram 28 shows a metal block

BIiJ in water. The volume of the block is
1 m3 and its weight is 80 000 N.
Diagram 25
,:ed at tht :he cross-sectional area of the metal block Diagram 30
i:en movin: irometer is 2 cm2 and the the reading on the spring
- :.-,: foilowin: .--.ity of water is what is
1 g cm-3, baiance increases
-..
^ength of the hydrometer above the reading on the compression
.--.."r. x? balance decreases
1.5 cm C 2.5 cm Diagram 28 C the reading on the spring
1.0 cm D 72.5 cm If it is hung half-immersed in balance is maximum when the
water, what is the tension in the weight is fully immersed
, identicai test tubes with the string, 7? lDensity of water = D the sum ofthe readings on the
:-e amount of sand are floating 1 000 kg m-3, acceleration of two balances is always constant
: mOV1ng u: -,.rately in water and oil as gravity=10Nkg-11
.. ,rcity '.,.'n in Diagrams 26(a) and 26(b). A ON C 75OOON 60 Diagram 31 shows a metal rod
B 5000N D 80000N Eibeing lowered into water until it
P-..'- the piece o: touches the bottom ofthe beaker.
P-:.waterleve 57 Diagram 29 shows the cross-
ff! section of a model ferry of mass
4 000 kg in water. PQ represents
sand
pure rce the safety line to avoid sinking.
I
I pure water
,.::am 26(a) Diagram 26(b)

f ::e density of water and oil

i -. 1 g cm-3 and 0.8 g cm-3
Diagram 31
__ ).1 : ictiveiy, what is the length of
'. :.st tube immersed in oil, h? Which of the following graphs
C shows how the readings of the
=Ocm 6.25cm
spring balance, F, varies with
'.0 cm D 8.0 cm Diagram 29
- -:-anged depth ofwater displaeed, h?
r :-.' :alf - :.,rt-air balloon of volume If the empty ferry is immersed AF
0.4 m in water, what is the
@ . . -r m3 and mass 90 kg is maximum load it can carry without
.. -'. block of woo: --1g upwards in air of density
sinking?
:.r that is hal:. - - <g m-3. What is the resultant A 4000N
::: : .. acting on the bailoon?
c B 40000N

l\t\
:10 N 11600N F
wooden :250N D 12500N
c 60000N
-/ block D 80000N
.- - water- -am 27 shows an ice cube 58 It is found to be easier to pull a log \,
u .:.ng in a beaker of water
,. j on a weighing bal ance. EIlin water than on land. Which of the
|
following statements is not true? C
ricet
kil+ A We have to drag the full weight
k
.-:.=r is 1 000 kg m-
[ - --: ]lr, ofthe log on land t\
:,. n due to gravit-
,: rs the weight i
: -n air? m-
t

fl'
\t--
-
,/'1\
--J+

rJJ
There is f'riction between the
log and the ground
The weight of the log in water
is balanced by the upthrust of
F
I

N#, water
D The water will help to move
1

r
L__
Diagram2T the log
55
 D Example 9
The atmospheric pressure at Titlis Mountain is 75 cm Hg. The air pressure at the top of
the mountain is 48.1 cm Hg. Calculate the altitude of the mountain.
[The average density of air = 1,.2kg m-3 and density of mercury = 13 6000 kg **]
Solution
Assuming the altitude of Titlis Mountain is h.
The difference of the air pressure, p = 75 cm Hg - 48.1 cm Hg
= 26.9 crnHg
= 0.269 m Hg
Using the formula for pressure p = hpg,
hp^,s = hn*p^rg
h(1.2k9 m-')g= Q.269 m)(13 600 kg m*)g
h= 3049 m
.'. The altitude for Titlis Mountain is 3049 m.
D Example 10
The diagram shows the apparatus to measure the density of liquid X. If the density of
water is 1 g cm-3, what is the density of liquid X? Give the answer in kg m-3.
Vacuum

Water Liquid X

Solution
Pressure on the surface of water = Pressure on the surface of liquid X
hrprg = hrprg
(5 cm)(1 g cm*)g = (7 cm)(pr)g
Pz = 0719 cm*
0.71 x 10i kg
= -lrlo=ma-
= 210 kg m-3

D Example 11
The diagram shows a manometer is connected to a gas-filled container.
Atmospheric pressure

1s cmf
Y

66 FORM 4 >> Forces and Pressure

 >> Example 15
The diagram shows a simple hydraulic jack. A force of 20 N is exerted on the small
piston in order to push up the weight.

Small piston Large priston

A = 0.005 ml ,4 = 0.1 m':

Determine
{a) the pressure on the large piston,
{b) the mass of the n,eight,
(c) the height of the large piston if the small piston is pushed don n as far as 0.04 m.

Solution
(a) Pressure on the large piston = Pressure on the small piston
:r-tt
p-f 20
' A =0.005 =4000Pa
I i-l\'-
tb) Force on the large piston, F = 1tA = 4000 x 0.1 = 400 N
Force on the large piston = Weight
F =mg
400 = rn(70)
Mass of the weight, nt = 40 kg

(c) ,4,r, = A;c.,, r.= \*= u%#g = 2 x 1o-3 m

>> Example 16
The diagram shows a simple hydrar,rlic systern.

30N

Smar11 piston Large piston

A 30 N force is applied on the small piston with a cross-sectional area of 0.025 m2. The
large piston has a cross-sectional area of 0.50 rnr. Calculate the force acting on the load
on the large piston.

Solutiorr
Ft)rtl* F FxA-
A A A
,-1
I f,. 'r.- ' At

_ 30 x 0.50
0.025
=600N
FORN4 4 )) Forces and []rc.ssr.ire
 ti

;
>> Example 21 ,1

A steel sphere with a volume of 5 x 10r m3 is submerged in water with a density of

1 x 103 kg -*.What is the buoyant force of the sphere?

Solution
Volume of water displaced = Volume of steel sphere - 5 x 10+ m:
Buoyant force = pVg
= 1000 x (5 x 10+) x 10
=5N
> Example 22
the diagram shows a wooden cube with a density of 4 x 103 kg m 3 and a mass of
5 kg was submerged in water. Given the density of water is 1 x 103 kg --. What is the
buoyant force of the cube?

Water

Solutiotr
Volume of the cletbe,
tr - tn - zr-105
5
- 7.25 x 10-3 m3
Volume of the cube = Weight of water displaced
Buoyant force = Weight of water displaced
= pvg
= 1000 x (1.25 x 10 3) x 10
= 12.5 N
)) Example 23
The diagram shows a glass tube with a cross-sectional area of 4.0 x 10r m2 and a mass
of 0.012 kg. A small amount of sand is put into the tube to ensllre that the tube floats
vertically in another water-filled container.

Water
If the length of the immersed glass tube is 0.08 m and water density is 1000 kg *-'
determine
(a) the buoyant force,
(b) the mass of the sand.

76 FORM 4 >) Forces ancl Pressnre

 Isi padu sampan di bswqh garisan 'L' inlah 4 m3. lisim sampan ialah 200 kg lika sampan ini ingin
digtmakan dengan selqmat untuk menyeberangi sungai yang airnya tenang, berapakah jisim
maksimum muatan tambahan lain ynng dapat ditampung oleh sampan itu? [p,,,= 1000 kg ma]

Diagram 4 shows a stationary hot-air balloon. The mass

of the balloon and its load is 1000 kg. The volume of the
balloon is 1000 m3 and the density of outside air is
1,.25 kg m-3. \Alhat is the tension of the rope?
Rnjah 4 menunjukkan sebuah belon udara panas yang pegun. Jisim
belon dan beban ialah 1000 kg. lsi padu belon ialah 1000 m3 dan
ketumpatan udara sekeliling ialah 1.25 kg m-3. Berapakah
tegangan tali?

Diagram 4
Diagram 5(a) shows a spring balance with a stone hanging on it. The reading on the
spring balance is 3.0 N. Diagram 5(b) shows the hanging stone is then immersed in
water. The reading on the spring balance is 2.2 N.
Rajah 5(a) menunjukkan sebiji batu diganttrng pada sebuah neraca spring. Bacaan nerfica spring
ialah 3.0 N. Rajah 5(b) pula menunjukkan sltsl4nan sebiji battL yang tergantung pada neraca spring
itu direndam ke dalam air. Bacsan neraca spring ialah 2.2 N .

Spring
balance

Stone
Water

Diagram 5(a) Diagram 5(b)

Based on the details given, caiculate

[Density of water = 1000 kg **]
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan, hitung
[Kehtmpatan air = 7000 kg m 3l
(a) the mass of the stone,
jisimbatu itu,
(b) the weight loss of the stone,
kehilangan berat ketars batu itr.t,
(c) the buoyant force acting on the stone,
daya tujah yang bertindak ke atas batu itu,
(d) the weight of water displaced,
berat air ynng disesnrkan oleh batu ittt,
(e) the volume of the stone.
isi padu batu itu.

78 FORM 4 D Forces and Pressure