TO LOCATE MEDIAN GRAPHICALLY

Median can be obtained graphically  

Steps to find median graphically

(i) Draw an o give (cumulative frequency curve) by 'less than' method.

(ii) Plot the values of the variable on axis and the cumulated values (less
than)on the y—axis:

(iii) Determine the Median value by the formula N / 2.

(iv) Locate this value on y-axis and from this draw a line parallel to the base
cutting
the curve at a point, From this point of inter- section draw a line
parallel to the .y-axis
and the point where it cuts the x-axis or the base line is the
Median value.

(v) The value of Q1 Q3 or deciles and percentiles can also be located like
this.

Example :- 1. find the value of median graphically for the given data and
also verify numerically.

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80- 100- 120- 140-

intervals 100 120 140 160
Frequency 6 14 46 88 78 48 16 4

Solution –
X F Cf (Less than ) Cf (More Then)
0-20 6 6 300
20-40 14 20 294
40-60 46 60 280
60-80 88 154 234
80-100 78 232 146
100-120 48 280 68
120-140 16 296 20
140-160 4 300 4

N= 300

Numerical Method;
N1 =N/2=150
Cf =66;f=88
L = 60; I = 20
M = 60 + 150-66 x 20
88

= 60+84x20 = 60 +19.1=79.1
88
OTHER POSITIONAL MEASURES
Positional measures are also known as partition values. Median is also
such value which divides the given series in two equal parts. Similarly
Quartiles divide the series in four equal parts, Deciles in ten equal parts and
percentiles in equal parts. These measures are known as depending
measures on median.

Quartiles
Quartiles divide a series in four equal parts. For any series, there are
three quartiles.

Q1 Q2 Q3

M = Q2

First or lower quartile : Q1 divides the distribution in such a way tat one-
fourth (25% ) of the total terms lile below it, and three-fourth lie above it.

Second Quartile is Median : Q2 =M=P50 =D5 (Each covering 50% terms)

Third or Upper Quartile (Q3) : (Q3) divides the distribution in such a way
that ¾ the (75%) of total terms fall below it and ¼ the (25%) of total terms
above it.

Q1 = L 1/4N – F x i Q3 = L 3/4 N – F x i
f f

where letters L, N, F, f, i have been used in the same sense in which they
have bee used in median
Deciles

Deciles divide the variables in 10 equal parts. There are 9 deciles for any
series. Deciles range from D1 to D9

Percentiles
Percentiles divide the series in 100 equal parts. For any series, there are 99
percentiles. It ranges from P1 to P99. percentiles are the value of variate that
divide the total frequency into equal parts

Method of calculation

Method to calculate any quartile, decile or percentile is the same as that of

median . But only difference that is there belongs to the divisor. To find the
required value in median the divisor is to as median divides the distribution
in to equal parts. Thus the divisor is 10 and 100 in case of deciles and
percentiles as the divide the distribution in 10 and 100 equal parts
respectively. Similarly the divisor is 4 in case of quartiles and in all these
case is we multiply such result by a digit whose value we have to find
according to the given problem which will be demonstrated in the coming
formula and examples.