TRAP MECHANISM CLASSIFICATION (Part 1)

SCHEMATIC
SYSTEM REGIME CLASS FAMILY CROSS-SECTION DEFINITION

1 11 111 1111
THRUST Compressional anticline
ANTICLINE associated with a thrust fault

1112
COMPRESSIONAL FORELAND Compressional anticline without
ANTICLINE ANTICLINE major thrust faulting

Anticlinal trap formed

by compression 1113
Anticline formed in the
DELTA-TOE compressional toe zone of
ANTICLINE
major delta

112
Anticlinal trap formed by wrench
TRANSPRESSIONAL ANTICLINE / strike-slip deformation

113
Anticlinal trap formed by inversion
INVERSION ANTICLINE (reversal of earlier extensional
structure)

114 1141
BASEMENT-UPLIFT Formed by uplift of subjacent
BASEMENT- ANTICLINE basement high
WARP
ANTICLINE
1142
Anticline related to Formed by drape of basement
underlying basement BASEMENT-DRAPE
ANTICLINE high. Reservoir directly overlies
high basement

115 1151
SALT-DIAPIR Formed by rise of an underlying
ANTICLINE salt diapir

DIAPIR- 1152
STRUCTURAL FOLD RELATED
STRUCTURE SHALE-DIAPIR Formed by rise of an underlying
ANTICLINE shale diapir
Trapping mechanism related Anticlinal traps
to structural deformation. Traps formed adjacent
Includes anticlinal and fault- to salt or shale diapirs 1153
closed traps Reservoir truncation owing to
DIAPIRIC PIERCEMENT
diapiric piercement

116 1161
DIFFERENTIAL FAULT-BLOCK Formed by differential compaction
COMPACTION
COMPACTION / ANTICLINE over a subjacent fault-block high
DRAPE
ANTICLINE
1162 Formed by differential compaction
Formed by differential BURIED-PALEORELIEF over a subjacent buried hill,
compaction and drape COMPACTION eroded basement high, organic
of subjacent high ANTICLINE
build-up

117 1171
BASEMENT Formed by differential fault-
SUBSIDENCE subsidence of underlying
ANTICLINE basement
DIFFERENTIAL
SUBSIDENCE 1172
ANTICLINE SALT Formed by differential withdrawal
WITHDRAWAL
ANTICLINE of underlying salt
Formed by movement
of the underlying salt
or basement structures 1173
SALT
DISSOLUTION Formed by differential dissolution
ANTICLINE of underlying salt

118 1181
ROLLOVER Anticline formed in the hanging
FAULT- ANTICLINE wall of a listric extensional fault
RELATED
ANTICLINE
1182
Anticlinal fold traps
formed by faulting FAULT-DRAG Formed by localized compression
ANTICLINE of the footwall of a fault

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 TRAP MECHANISM CLASSIFICATION (Part 2)

SCHEMATIC
SYSTEM REGIME CLASS FAMILY CROSS-SECTION DEFINITION

1 12 121 1211
TILTED-FAULT Footwall trap of extensional fault
BLOCK

1212
Relatively uplifted block
HORST BLOCK bounded by conjugate
NORMAL normal faults
FAULT
1213
Traps associated
NORMAL-FAULT Hydrocarbons trapped against
with extensional normal fault in hanging-wall
faulting HANGING WALL
reservoir

1214
Footwall trap of concave-
LISTRIC FAULT
upward extensional fault

STRUCTURAL FAULT 122

Fault-structure traps Trap in hanging wall of high-
REVERSE FAULT dip (> 45°) contractional fault

123
Trap in hanging wall of low-dip
THRUST FAULT (< 45°) contractional fault

124

STRIKE-SLIP FAULT Trap against vertical wrench fault

125
Trap within a strike-slip fault
WRENCH-FAULT FLOWER STRUCTURE duplex

13 131 Uniformly dipping, very low-angle

(< 2°) structure. Requires
SUBTLE HOMOCLINE additional stratigraphic trapping
STRUCTURE component

132
Low-relief trap, detected by Very gently plunging anticlinal
detailed drilling and/or high- STRUCTURAL NOSE closure. Requires additional
resolution seismic stratigraphic trapping component

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 TRAP MECHANISM CLASSIFICATION (Part 3)

SCHEMATIC
SYSTEM REGIME CLASS FAMILY CROSS-SECTION DEFINITION

2 21 211 2111
Reservoir pinch-out due to lateral
LATERAL gradation of depositional facies
LATERAL FACIES CHANGE
into non-porous lithology
DEPOSITIONAL
CHANGE
2112
Reservoir pinch-out by LATERAL Reservoir pinch-out due to
lateral depositional facies DEPOSITIONAL depositional termination of
change or pinch-out PINCH-OUT porous lithology
DEPOSITIONAL
212 2121
Trapping due to depositional Positive relief of trap due to
pinch-out of reservoir BURIED ORGANIC BUILDUP biogenic/reefal aggradation
DEPOSITIONAL
RELIEF
2122
Upward convexity of trap (e.g., submarine-fan lobe) Positive relief of trap due to
formed by reservoir CLASTIC depositionally controlled
deposition MACROFORM
reservoir thickness variation

22 221 2211
REGIONAL Reservoir truncation beneath
SUB- SUBCROP regional-scale unconformity
UNCONFORMITY
TRUNCATION
Reservoir truncation 2212
beneath a regional PALEOSTRUCTURAL Erosional trucation of faulted /
unconformity SUBCROP folded structure

222 2221
BURIED Erosional trucation of basement
BURIED-HILL
EROSIONAL reservoir
RELIEF
Trapping beneath a local 2222
truncation surface and/or Reservoir truncation beneath
EROSIONAL within a buried hill reservoir TRUNCATION-EDGE local / subregional unconformity
or sequence boundary

Trapping resulting from

223 2231
erosional truncation of
ONLAP ONTO Onlap pinch-out onto a regional
STRATI- reservoir
ONLAP ONTO
REGIONAL
UNCONFORMITY unconformity
GRAPHIC- EROSIONAL
SURFACE
FLUIDIC Onlap pinch-out of reservoir
2232
ONLAP ONTO
STRUCTURAL FLANK Onlap pinch-out onto flanks of
onto relative high
Trapping mechanism related UNCONFORMITY structural/basement high
to non-structural processes,
including depositional, 224 2241 Reservoir confined within a
erosional, diagenetic and CHANNEL-FILL channel incision
fluidic factors
EROSIONAL- 2242 Reservoir confined within a
VALLEY-FILL
TROUGH FILL major channel incision
Lateral termination of 2243
reservoir against an Reservoir confined within deep-
erosional trough CANYON-FILL water submarine erosional
trough

23 231
INTRUSIVE Reservoir consisting of porous/
Reservoir consisting of porous / INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS BODY fractured igneous intrusion
fractured igneous intrusion
24 241 Trap formed by localized formation
of porous lithology as a result of
DOLOMITIZATION / DISSOLUTION dolomitization and/or dissolution,
within non-porous lithology

242
Trap formed by localized
oil-filled
FRACTURING fractures development of fracturing
DIAGENETIC within non-porous lithology

Traps related to post- 243

depositional microscopic- Pinch-out of porous reservoir as
scale factors CEMENTATION cemented a result of cementation

244 tar
Pinch-out of porous reservoir as
TAR SEAL a result of tar-plugging. Typically
a near-surface trap type

25 251 water-bearing porous sand

Basin-center Trapping of gas beneath water

BASIN-CENTER GAS as a result of capillarity variations
gas-bearing tight sand

gas adsorbed on joint

252 surface Gas adsorbed onto organic
macerals within coal-bed
FLUIDIC COAL BED METHANE coal beds
methane and organic shale
Diverse range of trapping reservoirs
mechanisms resulting from 253
hydrodynamic, capillarity, gas hydrate
Trap formed by phase-change
phase-change and gas GAS HYDRATE free gas from gas to sealing gas hydrate
adsorption factors water zone

254 Trap modified by aquifer

pressure. Hydrodynamic forces
HYDRODYNAMIC affect position and thickness of
hydrocarbon column

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