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2. Final investigations The final investigation include the detailed exploration of the
recommended site so as to establish the complete suitability and to enable the final
designs. The preliminary and final investigations include mainly (a) hydrological (b)
topographical and (c) geological
Hydrologic Cycle
Air-current cycles drive the Earth's water supply through a cycle of its own, called the
hydrologic cycle. As the sun heats liquid water, the water evaporates into vapor in the
air. The sun heats the air, causing the air to rise in the atmosphere. The air is colder higher
up, so as the water vapor rises, it cools, condensing into droplets. When enough droplets
accumulate in one area, the droplets may become heavy enough to fall back to Earth as
precipitation.
Principle
Hydroelectric power generated by converting the hydraulic potential energy from water
into electrical energy.
Hydroelectric power plants are suitable were water with suitable head are available. The layout shows the
important parts of hydroelectric plant. The different parts of a hydroelectric power plant are
(1) Dam
Dams are structures built over rivers to stop the water flow and form a reservoir. The reservoir stores the
water flowing down the river. This water is diverted to turbines in power stations. The dams collect water
during the rainy season and stores it, thus allowing for a steady flow through the turbines throughout the
year. Dams are also used for controlling floods and irrigation. The dams should be water-tight and should
be able to withstand the pressure exerted by the water on it. There are different types of dams such as arch
dams, gravity dams and buttress dams. The height of water in the dam is called head race.
(2) Spillway
A spillway as the name suggests could be called as a way for spilling of water from dams. It is used to
provide for the release of flood water from a dam. It is used to prevent over toping of the dams which
could result in damage or failure of dams. Spillways could be controlled type or uncontrolled type. The
uncontrolled types start releasing water upon water rising above a particular level. But in case of the
controlled type, regulation of flow is possible.
Advantages
Disadvantages
URL: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity
Question Bank:
PART – A
5. Name the types of turbines that we can use for hydro electric power plant?
7. With respect to head level suggest the type of turbine that we can use for hydor
electric power plant.
8. suggest the location for surge tank in hydor electric power plant.
12. State the advantages and disadvantages of hydor electric power plant.
PART – B
1. With neat sktch explain the construction and working principle of hydor electric
power plant.