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BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
Prothrombin B
A
Thromboplastin
Thrombin
Fibrinogen C
Name
(i) the blood cell represented by B (1mk)
(ii) the metal ion represented by A (1mk)
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
2
Name ………………………..…………………………
School ………………………………………………...
231/1
BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
Paper 1
Time: 1 ½ Hours
2010 Pyramid Projections002
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Answer ALL the questions in this question paper in the spaces provided.
1 - 28 80
Name the tissues marked A, B, C and D and state the function of each. (4 mks)
12. Explain how sweat glands cause cooling of the body. (1 mk)
13. Give three events that take place in a flower after fertilization. (3 mks)
14. Name the type of response exhibited by the following:-
(i) A pollen tube growing towards embryo sac. (1 mk)
(ii) Maggots moving from the lit side of a boiling tube to the side pointed black. (1 mk)
15. State three adaptations of the thoracic vertebra to its functions. (3 mks)
16. An adult elephant flaps its ears twice as much as it calves in order to cool its body when it’s
hot. Explain. (2 mks)
17. The figure below shows the results obtained when red blood cells are put in different
solutions:-
Solution A
Solution B
a) What is the name given to the process that occurs when the cell is put into solution B.(1 mk)
b) Compare the results obtained when the cell is put in solution A to the result that would be
obtained if plant cell was put in same solution. (3 mks)
18. The dental formula below was written by a student after observing a skull of an animal.
0 0 3 3
I C Pm M
3 1 3 3
(i) How many teeth does the animal have. (1 mk)
(ii) State the mode of feeding of the animal (1 mk)
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
6
Ileum
Chloroplast
231 / 1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Answer ALL questions in this paper in the spaces provided.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 TOTAL
b) Name one factor in mature that increases the process of Evolution (1mk)
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3. State how the following factors affect the rate of active transport
a) Glucose concentration (1mk)
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b) Oxygen concentration (1mk)
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4. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
b) i) State the part of the mammalian body where the above structure is found (1mk)
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(ii) State two adaptation of the above muscle tissue to its function (2mks)
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6. a) State one distinguishing feature between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
(2mks)
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b) Explain why the presence of Oxygen affects the amount of Energy released during cellular
respiration (1mk)
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7. a) State three structural difference between the mammalian blood vein and blood capillary
(3mks)
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b) State the part of heart that receives blood from the rest of the body and the lungs (2mks)
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10. a) State two processes that take place during prophase I of meiosis (2mks)
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b) Symbiosis (1mk)
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13. a) Name two type of Enzymes that are released in the duodenum for digestion (2mks)
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b) State the functions of bile during digestion (2mks)
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14. a) State the adaptation of the following features in the mammalian Eye. (2mks)
i) Cornea
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ii) Vitreous humour
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b) State the role of wearing the biconcave lenses by the person with a certain Eye defect
(2rnks)
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15. State four ways by which the Gills of the bony fish are made to their functions (4mks)
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16. a) Explain how the following adaptation of Xerophytes assist them to survive in their Habitat
i) Sunken stomata (1mk)
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ii) Thick waxy cuticle (1mk)
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b) State the structural difference between the root system of the Xerophytes and that of the
hydrophytes (2mks)
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17. a) Explain what happens during the dark stage of photosynthesis (2mks)
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b) Name three limiting factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis (3mks)
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18. a) State three features in the Insect pollinated flowers that encourage cross pollination
(3mks)
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b) Explain how dispersal of seeds and fruits by plants arc important to the species {2mk}
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19. State two precautionary measures to control the outbreak of cholera (2mks)
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20. State two functions of the malpighian layer of the epidermis (2mks)
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22. Name the type of joints found between the following bones
i) Proximal end of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula (1mk)
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ii) Epidydimis
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24. Name three roles of the Liver that makes it to be an organ for Excretion and homoestasis
(2mks)
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25. State the role of Lignin in the wall of the Xylem vessel (1mk)
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26. Name a set of muscles in the body of a mammal that assist during the mechanism of breathing.
(1mk)
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Name ………………………..…………………………
School ………………………………………………...
231/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
Time: 2 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Write your school, date of examination and sign in the spaces provided above.
• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1 – 29 80
(i) What is the name given to the apparatus shown above (1 mk)
(ii) What is its use in Biological studies? (1 mk)
3 The “dolf” is an offspring from a dog and a wolf. This animal is however infertile .
Give a reason for this infertility (1 mk)
4 a) State the two functions of a microscope (2 mks)
b) How is an object illuminated in an electron microscope? (1 mk)
5 (i) Distinguish between osmosis and active transport (2 mks)
(ii) Explain what happens to A plant cell when it is placed in hypotonic solution (1 mk)
6 (i) State two structural differences between palisade and mesophyl cells (2 mks)
(ii) Where are chlorophyll molecules located in the chloroplasts? (1 mk )
7 What are the functions of the following parts in the mammalian stomach :- (i) Goblet cells?
(1 mk)
(ii) Chief (peptic) cells? (1 mk)
8 (i) Complete the following equation
Y
C 6 H 12O6+ C 6 H 12O 6 (1 mk)
X
(ii) Name the processes represent by X and Y (2 mks)
9 Give an example of :-
(i) Structural protein (1
mk)
(ii) Functional proteins (1 mk)
10 a) (i) Identify the organelle shown below (1 mk)
(ii) How is the organelle you have identified in a( i) above suited to its function (2 mks)
11 The graph below shows the relationship between the percentage water content in the
atmosphere and the rate of water loss by a certain terrestrial plant
Rate of
water loss
23 A form 4 student introduced a species of beetles into a fish pond to clear a certain weed.
a) Give the term used for this method of control 1 mk)
b) State two advantages of this method over the use of herbicides (2 mks)
24 The diagram below shows a living organism. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Name: . …………………………………………………………
Index No………………………………………………………..
School:………………………………
231/ 1
Biology
Theory
Paper 231/ 1
2010 Pyramid Projections.005
(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Answer all questions in this paper in the spaces provided .
• Additive pages must not be inserted
• Candidates may be penalized for false information
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Abscic acid. (Imk)
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4. Name two products of anaerobic respiration in animals. (2mks)
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5. State one function of a synapse. (Imk)
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6. State two distinguishing characteristics of members of division Bryophyta. (2mks)
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7. What is the effect of eating a meal with too much salt to urine production in man. (2mks)
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8. State two functions of smooth muscle along alimentary canal in mammals. (2mks)
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24
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9. Below is a simple food chain in a grassland ecosystem.
Grass grasshopper- black bird
State the short term effects of reducing grasshopper. (2mks)
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10. Use the diagram of the stoma below to answer the questions that follow.
11. Explain the role of the following factors in breaking seed dormancy. (2mks)
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a) Light.
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b) Soaking in water.
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12. Distinguish between the following terms.
(2mks)
Autotrophs and heterotrophs.
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13. Below is a diagram, a structure for gaseous exchange in class Pisces.
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14.
a) Distinguish between meiosis and mitosis. (2mks)
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b) State one significance of meiosis in organisms. (Imk)
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15. State the form in which nitrogenous wastes are excreted in desert insects and birds (I mk)
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16. State two ways by which gibberellic acid is absorbed by plants. (2 mks).
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17. a) What are vestigial structures? (I mk)
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b) Give two examples of the structures above in man. (2 mks)
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Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
27
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19. The diagram below shows part of transverse section of the spinal cord of a mammal.
D;…………………………………………………………………………………
b) Identify the fluid contained in part E. (I mk)
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20. The structures below represent specialized cells in man.
Y…………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Give reasons for your answer for X in (a) above. (I mk)
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21. State three ways by which plasmodium species is adapted to its way of life. (3 mks)
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22. State two advantages of internal fertilization in animals. (2 mks)
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23.
a) What is test cross? (I mk)
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Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
29
N………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) What happens to structure M and N when the arm is straightened at the elbow
joint? (2mks)
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25. Name the hormone responsible for flowering. (I mk)
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26.
a) State the role of enzyme catalase in living cells. (2 mks)
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b) Which factor inactivates enzyme action? (I mk)
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27. Briefly explain how the following factors affect the rate of water loss in plants,
a) Cuticle (Imk)
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b) Number of stomata (2 mks)
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28. a) What is eye accommodation? (I mk)
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b) Explain how the iris muscle controls the size of pupil when exposed to bright light. 3mks)
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29 A DNA strand was found to have the base sequence shown below;
A-T-T-C-G-A
a) What was the base sequence on the complementary strand? (I mk)
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b) What was the base sequence of mRNA formed from the strand? (I mk)
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30. Across between a black bull and a white cow produces a calf which has black and white spots.
a) State the type of dominance shown. (I mk)
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b) Suggest the possible genotypes of the calf if the genes for white and black trait are B and b
respectively. (I mk)
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31. Name the process by which translocation occurs in plants. (2 mks)
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32. a) A student used a microscope with X40 objective lens and X5 piece lens. He observed 5
cells in the field of view which had 2 mm radius. Calculate the area of field of view in
micrometers. (2 mks)
b) What is the average size of the cell in micrometers? (2 mks)
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33 State three ways by which the mammalian skin responds to low temperature in the environment.
(3mks)
Name…………………………………………………
231/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
THEORY
Time: 1 ½ Hours
INSTRUCTIONS
• Write your name, school and Index number in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1 – 27 80
Light rays
Light rays
10. Study the diagram shown below of the anterior view of a lumbar vertebra of a mammal.
Neural canal
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12. What are the functions of the following hormones in the female reproduction.
a) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (1mk)
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b) Oxytocin (1mk)
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13. Name the respiratory surfaces of the following organisms:
(i) Spider ……………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
(ii) Mosquito larvae …………………………………………………………. (1mk)
(iii) Nile Perch ………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
14. a) Give a reason why glucose does not normally appear in urine even though it is filtered in
the mammalian Bowman’s capsule. (2mks)
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b) Which hormones are involved in the salt-water balance in the human body. (2mks)
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15. Explain why the presence of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood leads to death. (2mks)
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16. The relative rates of photosynthesis in a certain plant were determined at different
temperatures. The results were as shown in the table below.
Temp. 0C Relative rate of photosynthesis (mg/hr)
25 20
30 70
35 100
40 25
Account for the rate of photosynthesis at
(i) 35 0 C (1mk)
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(ii) 40 0C (1mk)
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17. Explain how the following are adapted to their functions.
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(b) Spony mesophyll (1mk)
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18. a) Differentiate between incomplete and complete metamorphosis. Give example in each
case. (2mks)
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b) State the functions of Ecdysone hormone. (2mks)
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19. Study the equation below and answer the questions that follow:
Sucrose Enzyme Glucose + A
Heat
a) Identify the product represented by A. (1mk)
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b) Name the region in the alimentary canal where this process occurs. (1mk)
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21. Explain two ways in which the trachea of an insect is adapted to perform its functions.
(2mks)
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22. Outline two ways in which bisexual flowers are adapted to cross-pollination. (2mks)
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23. Explain why blood from a donor whose blood group is A cannot be transfused into a recipient
whose blood group is B. (2mks)
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24. The diagram below shows a cross section of a dicotyledonous plant stem. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
26. a) Name the compound that stores energy released during oxidation of glucose. (1mk)
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b) A goat weighing 15.2kg requires 216KJ while a rat weighing 50g requires 2736KJ per day.
Explain. (2mks)
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27. a) Explain why mosquitoes become resistant to insecticides with time. (2mks)
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b) Other than the example in (a) above, give two other examples of natural selection in
action. (2mks)
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NAME ………………………………………………………………….…
INDEXNO……….…………..……………………………………………
SCHOOL…………………………………………………………..…………
231/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
(b) Why is it that two species can occupy the same habitat but cannot occupy the same niche?
(1mk)
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Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
45
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8. How do the sunken stomata help a plant avoid excessive water loss during gaseous exchange?
(3mks)
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10. State three adaptations of the proximal convoluted tubule to its functions (3mks)
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11. State the three processes that cause growth in organisms. (3mks)
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......……
12. Outline the role played by each of the following bacteria in the nitrogen cycle. (3mks)
(i) Nitrobacter
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
(ii) Nitrosomonas
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
(iii) Rhizobium bacteria
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
16. State the role each of the following components of the skin. (3mks)
(i) Melanin
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
(ii) Adipose fat deposit
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
(iii) Sebum
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
17. Explain why cells of an endosperm are triploid and not diploid. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………..…………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………........................
......……
18. The diagram below represents an organ from a finned bony fish. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
(ii) State three adaptations of the part labeled M to its functions. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………..…………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………........................
......……
(ii) Which part articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
(iv) What type of joint is formed when the part number 4 articulate with the tibia.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..
20. Outline three roles of active transport in the human body. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………..…………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………........................
......……
21. Explain how marine fish regulate their osmotic pressure. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………..…………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………........................
......……
(ii) Explain how the response named in (i) above occurs. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………….……………………
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………
…………….………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………………….……………………………………………
…………..
………………………………………………………………………….……………………
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………
…………….………………………………………………………..
24. In a blood test, a drop of anti-A serum were added to two samples of blood. No agglutination
occurred, what were the blood groups of the two samples? (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..............................……
25. (a) State and explain three factors that affect the rate of respiration. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………….……………………
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………
…………….……………………………………………………….…………………………
……………………………………………….………………………………………………
………..
(b) Give two reasons why fats are not normally used for respiration although they
yield high amount of energy during oxidation. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………….……………………
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………
…………….………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………………….……………………………………………
…………..………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………..
SCHOOL:………………………………………………………………………………………………..
231/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
THEORY
2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Name the organelles that would be most likely found in large numbers in cells that perform the
functions below. (2mks)
(a) A cell in the ileum that actively takes in glucose.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(b) A cell in the liver that breaks down foreign bodies.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….
2. A doctor added a few drops of anti B-serum to two samples of blood in a blood test.
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
53
No agglutination occurred. Name the blood groups of the blood samples. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….
3. State the significance of metamorphosis in insects. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
4. State three structural differences between muscles alimentary canal and biceps muscles.
(3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
0 0 3 3
5. The dental formula of a certain animal is I C P M
3 1 2 3
(i) Suggest the mode of feeding of the animal (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in part (i) above (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
6. In an accident a victim suffered damage of his internal organs, consequently he started having
excess glucose in his blood.
(a) Which organ was damaged? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(b) Give a reason for your answer. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
S: ...................................................................................................................
The test tubes were left in the water bath for 30 minutes. The content of each test tube was then
tested for starch using iodine solution.
(a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(b) What results were expected in test tubes A and B (2mks)
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
56
Set-up A
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
Set-up B
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(b) Name two disorders in human blood that are caused by gene mutation. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
17. Describe what happens during the dark stage of photosynthesis (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
18. The diagram below represents a structure found in plants.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
20. The diagram below represents germination of a certain seed.
(a) Name the type of germination exhibited by the seedling above (1mk
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….
(b) Name the region labeled X (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….
(c) Explain how the part labeled X of the seedling straightens after exposure to sunlight.
(3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. A student estimating the cell size of an onion epidermal cell observed the following on the
microscope field of view using a transparent ruler.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Name the components of the blood that do not enter the renal tubule in mammals.
(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
23. Give three reasons as to why biological control is preferred to chemical control in the control
of pests and parasites. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
24. A person fell from the third floor of a storey building and had part of his brain damaged.
Indicate the part of the brain damaged if the person suffers from the following.
(i) Loss of memory and speech (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(ii) Inability to regulate body temperature (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(iii) Irregular heartbeat and breathing (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(iv) Inability to maintain proper body balance and posture (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
25. (a) Name the microorganism found in the root nodules of legumes (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(b) State the association of the micro-organisms named in (a) above (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
(c ) What is the role of the microorganism you named in (a) above. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
26. Name the causative agent of cholera (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
27. State two ways in which the composition of blood in the umbilical artery differ from that in
umbilical vein (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
28. State three ways in which the tracheole system is adapted to its function. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Attachment to cob
Type of fruit (1 mk)
Reason (1 mk)
25. Explain the importance of respiratory surface being
a) Thin walled (1 mk)
b) Moist (1 mk)
26. Explain how hair in human beings keeps the body warm (2 mks)
27. Name the tissues responsible for growth in;
(i) Girth (1 mk)
(ii) Length (1 mk)
28. Explain the fate of lactic acid formed in the muscles of an athlete (2 mks)
END
64
List down four factors that could have caused limited growth at R. (4 mks)
4. Suggest why green plants are included in the fish aquarium. (3 mks)5.
State two observable features that can be used to identify the members of the phylum chordata.
(2 mks)
6. Name causative agent for each of the following diseases.
a) Typhoid (1 mk)
b) Malaria (1 mk)
7. State three functions of blood other than transport. (3 mks)
8. Give two reasons why lumbar vertebrae have long and broad transverse processes. (2 mks)
9. Give three differences between endocrine system and nervous system. (3 mks)
Endocrine system Nervous system
10. State 3 ways in which seed dormancy benefits a plant. (3 mks)
11. Give an example of a sex linked trait in humans on;
Y chromosome (1 mk)
X chromosome (1 mk)
12. Name three gaseous exchange structures in higher plants. (3 mks)
13. Name three features that distinguish man from apes even though they are closely related in
evolutionary Tree. (3 mks)
14. Give a reason for the following;
a) A mature plant cell does not lose its shape even after loosing water. (1 mk)
b) Xylem vessels do not collapse when they do not contain water. (1 mk)
15. The diagram below represents a nephron of a mammal
Name ………………………..…………………………
Index No. ..……………………………….….
School ………………………………………………...
231/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
(Theory)
Time: 2 Hours
2010 Pyramid Projections014
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
1 – 27 80
a) (i) Identify the part of the plant from which the cross-section was made. (1 mk)
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in a) (i) above. (1 mk)
b) State the function of the parts labeled A and B. (2 mks)
A
B
7. State two ways in which the ileum is structurally adapted to the absorption of digested food.
(2 mks)
8. When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species? (2 mks)
9. State two physiological changes that take place in a human skin inorder to facilitate heat loss
from body. (2 mks)
10. Give two reasons why pressure of blood is greater in arteries than in the veins of mammals.
(2 mks)
11. State three importance of osmosis in plants. (3 mks)
12. Distinguish between haemolysis and plasmolysis. (2 mks)
13. Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity. (2 mks)
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
68
14. State how the tracheole system in insects is adapted for gaseous exchange. (3 mks)
15. a) Name a protein, vitamin, an enzyme and a mineral element that are involved in blood
clotting. (2 mks)
Protein
Vitamin
Enzyme
Mineral element
b) Name one way by which white blood cells fight micro-organisms. (1 mk)
16. a) What is the meaning of the following terms.
(i) Egestion (1 mk)
(ii) Secretion (1 mk)
(iii) Excretion (1 mk)
b) State the importance of osmo-regulation in organisms. (1 mk)
17. a) Distinguish between niche and habitat (2 mks)
POST-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
Identity (1 mk)
(ii) State the function of the organelle identified in 2 b) (i) above. (1 mk)
3. a) State the role of active transport in animal nutrition. (1 mks)b)
Give two factors which affect active transport. (2 mks)
4. Name the causative agent of cholera. (1 mk)
5. The chemical equation below represents a physiological process that takes place in living
organisms.
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 +
(i) Name the process R. R Q (1 mk)
(ii) Name substance Q (1 mk)
6. The diagram below is of a cell obtained from one of the specialized tissues in plant leaves.
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
(i) Name the tissue from which the cell was obtained. (1 mk)
(ii) State two ways in which the tissue named in 6. (i) above is adapted to its functions.(2 mks)
7. The biochemical process illustrated below takes place in the human alimentary canal.
Lactose Galactose + Glucose
a) In which part of the alimentary canal does the process occur? (1 mk)
b) Why must lactose be broken down into glucose and galactose? (1 mk)
c) State two ways in which glucose is utilized in the body. (2 mks)8.
State three adaptations of the xylem vessel. (3 mks)
9. a) What is the difference between an O positive blood and O negative blood? (1 mk)
b) State two functions of blood in mammals other than transport of substances. (2 mks)
10. In an experiment, some germinating seeds were placed in a large airtight flask and left for four
days.
a) What changes were expected in the composition of gases in the flask on the fifth day(2 mks)
b) Give reasons for your answer in a) above. (1 mk)
11. State three adaptive features which the bucal cavity of a frog has in common with the alveoli of
the lungs of a human being. (3 mks)
12. The diagram below represents a portion of the kidney tubule. Study it and answer the question
below.
Ground level
(i) Identify the type of germination represented by the diagram above. (1 mk)
(ii) Explain how the type of germination named in 18(i) above takes place. (2 mks)
19. a) State two advantages of metamorphosis to insects.
b) Name one hormone which controls metamorphosis in insects. (1 mk)
20. a) Distinguish between heterozygous and homozygous individuals. (2 mks)
b) What is a chiasma? (1 mk)
21. State the functions of the following hormones.
(i) Secretin (1 mk)
(ii) Gastrin (1 mk)
22. a) Differentiate between homologous and analogous structures as used in evolution(2 mks)
b) Give the meaning of somatic mutation. (1 mk)
23. When shoots of young plants are exposed to unidirectional light they bend towards light.
(i) Name the type of response exhibited by such young shoots. (1 mk)
(ii) Explain the cause of the observation above. (2 mks)
24. Explain two ways in which halophytes overcome the physiological drought facing them(2 mks)
25. a) Name the part of the eye in which the light sensitive cells are located. (1 mk)
b) List the two types of sensory cells found in the part named in 25 a) above. (2 mks)
26. a) State two ways by which plants compensate for their inability to locomot. (2 mks)
b) Explain why herbaceous plants do not grow to greater heights. (1 mk)
27. State two effects of eutrophication. (2 mks)
28. Name three types of joints found in the human skeleton. (3 mks)
END
72
Name…………………………………………………
School ………………………………………………...
231/1
BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
Paper 1
Time: 2 Hours
2010 Pyramid Projections 016
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, Index number, and the name of your school in the spaces provided above.
• Answer ALL Questions in the spaces provided.
1-30 80
SECTION A ( 25 Marks)
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
73
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain why an amoeba does not require a transport system. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The equation below represents a process that occurs in the plants.
C6H12O6 B + C2H5OH+ Energy
a) Name the process. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name product B (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State the economic importance of this process. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Study the experimental set-up below and answer the questions that follow.
Pyrogallic acid
Soaked
bean
seeds
Wet cotton wool
b) What observable changes would take place in flask S and T at the end of the week.(1mk)
S…………………………………………………………………………………………………
T………………………………………………………………………….……………………
c) Account for the results in (b) above (2mks)
S …………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
T …………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. What is the importance of the following in an ecosystem?
(i) Decomposers (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Predators (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. State the function of each of the following parts of the ear. (3ms)
a) Ear ossicles
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Auditory nerve
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Tympanic membrane
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. a) Account for the differences in thickness of the cell walls of guard cell. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the cell organelle in which carbon (iv) oxide combines with water to form complex
organic compounds (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
77
16. During a collecting trip students found a green plant whose height averaged 20cm, growing in
a damp rock. The plant had a long stalk which bore a club like capsule. The plant was
attached to the rock by means of root-like structures.
Rabbit
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. A leaf of potted green plant which had been kept in the dark for 24 hours, was smeared with
white petroleum jelly on its lower surface and exposed to sunlight for 6 hours. Starch test on
the leaf was negative.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. List two major causes of failure in organ transplant. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Beaker
2cm3 of water +
2cm3 of protease +
5cm3 of egg white
After 15 minutes the contents of the beaker became clear. Explain this observation. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. List three characteristics that makes man to be classified in the class mammalia. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. List the functions of a joint. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. State two conditions that are necessary for opening of the stomata. (2mks)
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
80
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. Name the spore-producing structures in pteridophyta. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. Give two advantages of being a homoiotherm. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
END
Piece A
Piece B
Before experiment After experiment
8. The figure below shows part of a nitrogen cycle. Use it to answer the questions that follows
Atmospheric Nitrogen
denitrification A
Soil
C B B
Oil Layer
Lime water
Glucose solution and
boiled yeast
suspension
a) (i) State one observation you would make in the set-up after one hour. (1mk)
(ii) Explain your observation. (1mk)
b) What is the function of co-factors in organisms? (1mk)
12. a) Where in a mammal is the ovum fertilized. (1mk)
b) State three adaptations of the human spermatozoa that enhance the process of fertilization.
(3mks)
13. Members of the same species of organisms tends to differ due to variation. State four causes of
variation in organisms. (4mks)
14. The flow chart below represents part of a nutritional process in a mammal.
Process D
Process E Process F
26. State two ways by which a baby may acquire natural immunity. (2mks)
NAME:…………………………………
INDEXNO......:…………………………
2010 PYRAMID PROJECTIONS-018
231/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
(THEORY)
2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
There are 25 questions printed on11 pages.
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1. Name the cell organelles that carry out the following functions.(2mks)
a) Synthesis and transport of lipids.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. State the fluids that provide cushion in the following organs. (5mks)
a) Lungs
………………………………………………………………………………………
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
85
b) womb
………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Heart
………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Knee joint
………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Eye ball.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..
3. An A blood group patient involved in a road accident required an urgent blood transfusion.
His relatives were invited to donate blood.
a) Name the possible relatives who would not donate blood to him..
………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
b) State why the others would be in a position to donate blood to him. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
a) Using the diagram above, state with reasons the division to which specimen K belongs
(2mks)
Division……………………………………………………………………………
Reason……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..
b) Give one reason why fungi is recognised as a separate kingdom from plantae.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
Pyramid Projections © 2010 231/1
86
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..
5. In an experiment starch, proteins diastase and sodium chloride were added to water and put
inside the visking tubing. The tubing was then placed in water bath at between 35 – 40oC. The
set up was as shown in the diagram below.
One of the observations made is that the water in the beaker tasted salty and turgidity in the
visking tube increased
a) Name the process by which salt moved into the water in the beaker from the visking
tube. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
b)i) When the contents inside the visking tubing was boiled with Benedict’s solution, brown
colour was observed. Name the food substance responsible for this observation.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Predators. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………
b) In rodents what kind of structure is found directly above structure X in the upper jaw.
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
E:……………………………………………………………………………..
F:……………………………………………………………………………..
10. An organism in the course of respiration used 2500cm3 of oxygen. If it gave out 1750 cm3 of
carbon IV oxide during the same period.
a) Calculate the respiratory quotient. (R.Q) (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………
b) State an advantage of using the food substance above as a respiratory substrate (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
11. Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
12. Identify the part of light microscope which serve each of the functions described below.
i) that regulates amount of light reaching the specimen on the stage. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
ii) that brings the image of the specimen into sharp focus. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. The diagram below represents circulation in fish. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the type of circulator system represented by the diagram above. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
d) State one way in which this circulatory system differs from that found in members of the
phylum arthropoda. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
15a) Explain the reasons for the following features in flowering plants.
i) Wind pollinated flowers produce large number of pollen grains. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..
16a) Name two areas in a plant where meristematic tissues can be found.
(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………
17. Two green leaf samples X and Y were immersed in a beaker of warm water. The beaker was
placed in sunlight. After sometime, bubbles of gas formed on the surface of the leaves. In leaf
X bubbles formed only on the upper leaf surface while on leaf Y more bubbles formed on the
lower surface than on the upper surface.
a) Suggest why bubbles of gas form on the leaf surface. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
b) What does the difference in the number of bubbles between the two surfaces of Y indicate?
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..
c) From the observation on the difference in abundance of bubbles formed on the surfaces of the
two leaf samples, suggest the natural habitats from which the leaf sample were obtained.
(2mks)
X:………………………………………………………………………………….
Y:……………………………………………………………………………..
18a) Name the type of muscle found on the walls of the alimentary canal.(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. The wings of a bird and those of a housefly adapt the two organisms to the aboreal habitat.
i) Give the evolutionary process that may have given rise to these structures.
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..
20. Where in the blood can you find the following blood proteins. (2mks)
i) Antigens
……………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Antibodies.
……………………………………………………………………………………
21. Name the blood vessel with lowest concentration of carbon (iv) oxide in the mammalian body.
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
b) A certain metabolic process takes place in the part labelled B. Name the process and the
product(s) formed. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
24a) Name two structural differences between trachea in insects and mammals.
(2mks)
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……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) What would be the expected results of the end of the experiment? (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
NAME…………………………………………………..
INDEX NUMBER……………………………………….
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BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
TIME 2 HOURS
b) Seed (1mks)
4. Name the cell organelle concerned with each of the following functions
i) Synthesis of glucose from carbon(IV)Oxide and water (1mks)
ii) Break down of glucose to carbon (iv) oxide and water releasing ATP.
(1MKS)
Y………………………………………………………………………….
b) Suggest why the structures labeled x would be more on one side than the
other. (1mks)
b) What is the advantage of using this type of control rather than use of
chemicals? (1mks)
7. Other than carbon (IV) oxide, Name the other products of anaerobic respiration
in plants. (2mks)
8. A person was found to pass out large amount of dilute urine frequently name
a) The disease the person might be suffering from. (1mks)
9. Under certain conditions, carbon (IV) oxide concentration in the blood rises
above the normal level. State two ways of lowering this level. (2mks)
10. (a) Name the structure shown by the diagram below. (1mks)
Name……………………………………………………..
B……………………………………………………………
(c) At which stage of mitosis do the structures labeled A separate and move to
opposite pores. (1mks)
12. a) Haemophilia is a sex linked condition suggest why there are higher chances
for male haemophiliacs to reach old age than females. (1mk)
B…………………………………………………………
K…………………………………………………………….
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15. Name two proteins in the blood which are responsible for determining the blood
group of a person. (2mks)
16. The figure below shows the results obtained when red blood cells are put in
different solutions.
SOLUTION A
SOLUTION B
a) What name is given to the process that occurs when the cell is put in
solution B. (1mks)
b) Compare the results obtained when the cell is put in solution A to the
results obtained when a plant cell is put in the same solution. (2mks)
17. State two ways in which floating leaves of aquatic plants are adapted to gaseous
exchange. (2mks)
18. State any three corrective mechanisms undertaken by the body when the body
temperature rises above normal. (3mks)
22. The figure below shows three different types of muscle represented by A B and
C.
a) Name the three muscles represented by A B and C and state where in the
body each muscle is found. (3mks)
A_______________________where found______________
23. The wing of a bird and that of a butterfly are structures performing the same
function but originated from different sources. State the name given to such
structures. (1mks)
24. Study the diagram below and answer the questions which follow.
Protogyny……………………………………..
27. A group of students observed a plant cell under the light microscope using a low
power and high power magnification.
a) Which of the two magnification has the highest field of view. (1mks)
b) While using high power magnification they found the image of the cells to
be blurred. Which part of the microscope would they adjust so as to obtain
a sharp image? (1mks)
28. State how mammalian ribs are adapted to their function. (3mks)
29. The figure below illustrates a portion of a chromosome with gene A,B,C,S,Q and
R.
A B C S Q R
Using the diagrams similar to the one above illustrate the changes if the
above chromosome undergoes the following mutations affecting only genes C
and S. (2mks)
i) Deletion
ii) Duplication
32. State the deficiency disease caused by lack of iron in the diet. (1mks)
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