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Parallel netted/reticulate
Simple
leaves
Adaxial-abaxial axis
Parallel venation
auricle
Cross-section of a dicot leaf
Reticulate/netted venation
Thin part
of the
blade
Upper epidermis
Palisade layer
Spongy layer
Upper
collenchyma
Xylem
phloem
Lower
collenchyma
Lower epidermis
Dorsiventral Dicot leaves- palisade layer
occurs adaxially, spongy layer occurs
abaxially Upper epidermis collenchyma
parenchyma
Palisade layers
xylem
phloem
Palisade layers
Spongy layer
Isobilateral leaf
Isobilateral leaf: A leaf
in which the palisade
parenchyma occurs adaxially and abaxially
beneath the epidermis of the leaf
Palisade layer
Spongy layer
Palisade layer
Monocot leaf- corn leaf
Bulliform cells
Monocot leaf Bundle sheath or
border parenchyma
xylem
phloem
Photosynthetic
cells
Water conservation movement in a grass leaf when insufficient water
to maintain normal turgor is available..
A B
Bulliform cells
Pines often live : hot, dry
Pine needles summers and freezing
(leaves) winters. They are good at
withstanding
Acicular leaves environmental stress.
Their needles, with a low
surface area-to-volume
ratio, help reduce
damage due to drying out
or heavy snows.
Gymnosperm- pine leaf (cross or transverse section)
Epidermis- heavily cuticularized & with thick walls
Hypodermis (beneath epidermis) – fiberlike cells with
thick walls.
Lobed
mesophyll cells
Resin duct
Sunken stomate
xylem
phloem
Transfusion
tissue
endodermis
Lobed mesophyll epidermis
hypodermis
Modified leaves
Overlapping
Leaf sheaths
For support
Leaf sheath
“false stem
Or trunk for
support
corm
Cross section of overlapping leaf sheaths of banana
Banana corm--stem
Cactus
Thorns are modified
Bougainvillea colored
leaves. bracts are modified
Green, fleshy organ leaves
is the stem
Bougainvillea
bracts get
their color
from betalains
bracts
Musaenda (Dona Aurora)
tendril is a specialized stem,
leaf or petiole with a threadlike
shape that is used by climbing
plants for support and
attachment, generally by
twining around whatever it
touches.
Leaf tendrils
Passiflora sp.
Pisum (Pea)
leaf tendril
Meat eaters
Nepenthes
Nepenthes
An epiascidiate leaf. If meristematic activity
continues the lamina can become funnel-shaped
forming a container
pitcher still sealed, ready to pop
open
Quassia amara
Meristematic margin
for reproduction