Demand & Capacity Management

Vishwanath Ramdas

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Capacity – Demand Management framework
Identify usage patterns
Determine the current and both short term and long
future resource needs. Ensure term
resources are acquired & Demand
implemented in a timely and Management
cost-effective manner

Management
Management

Workload
Resource

Performance
Management

Monitor and collect performance translate customer demands

data of critical components in into workloads put upon
current configuration critical components

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are the criticality Maps to setup monitoring? Demand

1 Develop the services catalog.

Management

Define the Service Catalog within IT

.a 1. IT services catalog is generated across
all functions within IT
2. The Team sits with each function and
lists down the services provided by each
function
3. Services are defined from an outside in
perspective [ business users
perspective]
4. Services would be
 Business Applications
 Internal Applications
 Infrastructure Applications
 IT Infrastructure Services

The service catalog is an overall IT asset and

would be helpful in IT SLM process.

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are the criticality Maps to setup monitoring?
1 Develop the services catalog.
Define parameters that would help classify
.b services.
The service catalog is an overall IT asset and
certain data in the service catalog would be
useful for capacity – demand planning and
management.
Vishwanath Ramdas
Demand
Management
1. Parameters along 2 dimensions
 Critical to Business
 Critical on Capacity
 WIPRO would bring a ready template
to define parameters.
 Finalize these key parameters for
classifying IT services with IT managers
in a brainstorming session.
 Define the service catalog data
collection
 Create the service classification
template of the service catalog.
 What are the criticality Maps to setup monitoring? Demand

1 Sample of a developed services catalog as part of SLM workshop.

Management

Service Catalog developed for a petrochem -

.b MNC

The Service catalog workshop defined the

parameters of each service and listed all key IT
services and created an SLA for each service

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are the criticality Maps to setup monitoring? Demand

1 Classify and define capacity management approaches

Management

Get Ratings from IT Managers on the business

.c and capacity criteria. 1. While listing the services with each function,
the capacity parameters are collected based
on past experience, issues and data

Internal - Transaction - Value

Business Critical Capacity Critical  Typically capacity criteria are picked
Direct - Revenue - Volume

from past 6 Mo performance / legacy

Direct - Revenue- Value

Infrastructure - Control
Collaborative - Value
Application Catalog

Interface - Volume

 Finally for the services identified, the

Processor

Network

Memory

Storage
Business parameters are defined by a
central team with visibility into the business
 The Service catalog listing could either be in
a database or in a spreadsheet format.
service Application1 Hi Hi Lo Hi Lo Med Lo
service Application2 Med Hi Hi Med Lo Hi Lo Hi
service Application3 Hi Med Med Lo Med Med Lo Lo
service Application4 Lo Lo Hi Hi Hi Med Lo Lo Lo
service Application5 Hi Hi Med Lo Med
service Application6 Lo Lo Lo Lo Med Lo Med Med Hi
service Application7 Lo Lo Hi Med Lo Lo Med
service Application8 Hi Lo Lo Lo Lo
service Application9 Hi Med Hi Hi Med Lo
service Application10 Med Med Lo Lo Lo Lo
service Application11 Lo Med Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo
service Application12 Med Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo
service Application13 Hi Lo Med Lo Lo
service Application14 Lo Lo Lo Lo
service Application15 Med Lo Lo Lo Lo
service Application16 Med Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are the criticality Maps to setup monitoring? Demand

1 Classify and define capacity management approaches

Management

Visualize the services map & select capacity

.d management strategy based on 1. Services in 1st Quadrant are both
classification. business and capacity critical & would
require Active Monitoring.
2. Services in 2nd Quadrant are Capacity
Service Apps Critical but not business critical, use
10
Resource Monitoring Active Capacity Resource Monitoring
9 Monitoring 3. Services in 3rd Quadrant are only
8
Business critical and they could be
7 managed with periodic reviews and
Capacity Critical

6 long term forecasts

5 4. Services in 4th Quadrant are neither
critical and these are good targets for
2 4
1 consolidation.
3
-1
4 1
2
3 5 7
3 9

1
Consolidate 0
Periodic Review
Business Critical

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Mapping Business Drivers to Infrastructure Capacity Workload

2 Applicable for 1st Quadrant Services / Active Monitoring. – Mapping

Management

demand to capacity.

.a Define the Use Scenarios for each service

and build the Component Capacity Impact
Matrix [CCIM]

SAPORA - Storage
SAPS - Mem-Disc
ES1 - Mem - Disc

SAPORA - Mem-
Breakdown [ CI

SAPS - Process
Infrastructure -

ES1 - Process

ES1 - Storage
Router - Data

SAPORA -
Processor
Disc
Service Breakdown Bcriti Capa_Critic
Exchange - WebMail Md Hi
Login Lo Hi Md No No No No No No
Sto - Eml Hi No No Hi No No No No No
Inbox - Page Hi Hi Md No No No No No No
read Email HI Md Md No No No No No No
SAP - ERP Hi Hi 1. For selected Application services, define the
SAP - HR No No No No Md Md Md Md Md Main Use Cases.
SAP - MM No No No No Hi Md Md Md Md
SAP - PP No No No No Hi Md Md Md Hi 2. For each Use Case, identify what are the
infrastructure resources required by
The CCIM is a critical asset to IT, it can control and defining a Component Capacity Impact
provide data on business value of IT if Value Matrix. – QFD Format
metrics are drawn for the services. 3. The CCIM requires current monitoring data
This can then trace the value of each or heuristics to define the quantum of
infrastructure element back to business. influence

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Mapping Business Drivers to Infrastructure Capacity Workload

2 Applicable for 1st Quadrant Services / Active Monitoring. – Mapping

Management

demand to capacity.

.b Identify Business drivers that influence 1. For each service use case identify Business
capacity. drivers in terms of users volume,
Concurrency, Revenue, Transaction volume,
data size.
2. This is contextual to each service and the
business context.
3. Map the business drivers to infrastructure
element using the Capacity Impact Matrix.
Demand side Supply side
Business Driver 4

Business Driver 3

Business Driver 2

Business Driver 1

ES1 - Mem - Disc

Breakdown [ CI
Infrastructure -

ES1 - Process

ES1 - Storage
Router - Data
Service Breakdown Bcriti Capa_Critic
Exchange - WebMail Md Hi
Login Lo Hi Md No
Sto - Eml Hi No No Hi
Inbox - Page Hi Hi Md No
read Email HI Md Md No
SAP - ERP Hi Hi
SAP - HR No No No No
SAP - MM No No No No
Vishwanath Ramdas SAP - PP No No No No
 Modeling Long term Aggregate Demand Forecasting Performance

3 Create a demand forecasting & capacity planning framework

Management

.a Define the Capacity Planning process 1. SLM Planning process provides inputs on
new services being introduced into the
system.
2. Regular review of the above activities and
models by capacity planning
3. Capacity planning does an impact analysis of
new services on common infrastructure CI.
4. Capacity planning should also ensure
execution of changes in infrastructure based
on analysis - roadmap
1. What and how of change
2. Budget process

Exchange Support servers Resource Utilization Report based on the Threshold defined

Parameters Thresholds
Parameters Min Threshold Max Threshold

Defining the capacity thresholds for a

exchange service for a large Indian
MNC
Hard Disk Space 10% 70%
CPU 1% 70%
Online IM Users NONE 10,000
FE Concurrent Users NONE 8,000

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Modeling Long term Aggregate Demand Forecasting Performance

3 Create a demand forecasting & capacity planning framework

Management

Build the long term Demand & capacity

.b modeling framework
1. Build the Model [spreadsheet /
Modeler software]
1. Would be refined regularly
through monitoring.
2. A software would provide
.1 simulation and provide
scenario analysis and what if
analysis.
For a education services leader In
UK, their capacity requirements
were simulated and finally
modeled in EXCEL

1000 600 600 47220 11940 59160 12000 AHAH

Partner TV P_info TV_Info Per req 0.25 KB
1 5% 0% 30000 0 Per Resp 10 KB

.2
5 10% 5% 12000 6000 Req Freq 600 secs
50 35% 40% 4200 4800
250 40% 45% 960 1080 Feedback
1000 10% 10% 60 60 MR Log 1.10592 Mb
Sys Log 4.42368 Mb
Actual Screens 1,000.00 % of daily new files 20% Audit Log 2.7648 Mb
% of high Q Media 66% Compression 0.5
STING DIRECT 158400 Tracker
TOTAL 11.45 Mbps 32.1 FACT Freq 60 secs
Media out
AHAH
Feedback In
1.1
0.1
0.05
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
22.00 Mbps
0.05 Mbps
0.05 Mbps
Determined the network
20.00
0.50
1.00
Per Req
Per Resp
0.5
1
KB
KB

Tracker
Users
0.2
10
Mbps
Mbps
0 Mbps
10 Mbps bandwidth for a large Digital
- Users
50 Conc
Req
50.00
25
users
KB

Signage SAAS service with

Resp
Trate
25
2
KB
persec

potential 100K screens.

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Samples of Long term aggregate demand Forecasting Performance

3 Capacity – Demand Forecasting for Hosted services for a European

Management

Education Services Co

.1
Customer Environment OUT COME

3
Concurrency How much Estimate Web App DB
Take Test 1500 1,000 CPU 3 1 Count
Reports 25 28 Memory / CPU 2 2 GB
Authoring 150 167
WAN Speed 9.00 Mbps
Database
Schools 300
Students 50000
Subjects
# of Exams / Year
5
5
1. Performance Benchmarks were
# of years of DATA 10 conducted on the systems on
simulated load and data from 70%
TYPICAL Machine Hardware capacity utilization taken
CPU Speed 3600 G Hz If Dual core double the Hz Number in the Box
Memory Speed 266 M Hz
2. Key performance metrics at std
Disk Speed 1536 Mbps Speed used is dueutilization level were
to RAID 5 configration captured
that has been usd for all

critical software elements across

application and database
3. Based on the measurement data a
CPU-Test

2
NM CPU WHERE TakeTest Author Reports LIVE-hits Test-Hits Size-bytes Perf Perf_var PER_UNIT TakeTest Author Reports
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmQuestionList.aspx 1 2152 32074 2,860 2695 2914 0 2914 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmTryoutQuestion.aspx 2132 37843 687 980 706 0 0 0

forecasting model was built to

NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmLogin.aspx 1 1 1 2035 10069 157 427 166 166 166 166
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmTutorTest.aspx 1 1418 18330 234 417 242 0 242 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmManageTaggedQuestions.aspx 1 1208 8938 1,073 578 1085 0 1085 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmParticipantMenu.aspx 2 1184 8369 154 444 162 324 0 0
NM
NM
NM
CPU
CPU
CPU
SERVER
SERVER
SERVER
ASPX
ASPX
ASPX
frmMultipleChoice.aspx
frmIncorrectAnswers.aspx
frmRandomTopicList.aspx
0.5
0.5
0.5
957
938
795
27902
8944
23514
913
371
440
estimate what would be the capacity
647
2154
311
926
414
446
0
0
0
463
207
223
0
0
0

requirements at different load

NM CPU SERVER ASPX FrmRandomAssessmentsFrameGrid.aspx 0.5 790 36002 2,578 899 2596 0 1298 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmAssessmentList.aspx 0.5 714 19579 2,309 1387 2337 0 1168.5 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmInstructions.aspx 0.5 642 11140 243 546 254 0 127 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmEditor.aspx 0.5 638 16668 255 716 269 0 134.5 0
NM
NM
NM
CPU
CPU
CPU
SERVER
SERVER
SERVER
ASPX
ASPX
ASPX
frmClentSideTest.aspx
frmQuestionTypes.aspx
frmRandomAssessmentTab.aspx
1
0.5
0.1
591
539
448
122500
14091
47330
8,655
675
1,269
points.
11688
643
924
8889
688
1287
8889
0
0
0
344
128.7
0
0
0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmSelectBlank.aspx 0.1 431 33318 842 407 851 0 85.1 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmEmbed.aspx 0.1 416 52624 3,892 8866 4069 0 406.9 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmRestrictAssessment.aspx 0.1 323 669 195 353 202 0 20.2 0
NM CPU SERVER ASPX frmQuestionListGeneral.aspx 0.1 290 20005 3,751 3251 3816 0 381.6 0

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Samples of Long term aggregate demand Forecasting Performance

3 Capacity – Demand Forecasting for infrastructure capacity of hosted

Management

service provider

.2

• Defined the key services provided by the ISP.

• Translated the services into transactions requests within the system
• Heuristic / empirical translation of the transaction requests as workload on
infrastructure
• Modeled the infrastructure on a queuing model using process simulation tool
• Modeled the infrastructure for various demand scenarios using demand
distributions across time.
• Developed infrastructure specifications and
• Thereby developed infrastructure setup plan.

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Different Monitoring approaches for critical applications Performance

4 Different ways to monitor infrastructure.

Management

System monitoring, setup measurement agents End user end to end transaction monitoring.
.a for capturing, CPU, memory, storage space, .b This is done through remote agents that
process metrics and OS metrics on the server create synthetic transactions and trap
& network nodes. various response times for each use case
transaction.

Low BW switch

OBJECTIVE Low BW switch

Bottle Neck Analysis
Bench Mark Analysis IS Probe

SETUP r
rv e
Database Size to be fixed Se
nt
Network Configuration within VM nte
Co
ACT Scripts to be fixed
Transaction lock ins to be removed Web log
MMC Log
TOOLS
2 ovis probes (eyes) pp
bA
TA outside virtual environment We
MMC to capture IIS metrics properly
SQL-Trace
SCENARIO e
rvic r MMC Logs
Functionality | Take Test | Registration S e nito
Mo
Load between 60 users – 300 users r
With content | out content s te
Clu
DB
Load Clients

VIRTUAL INFRA.

on
c ti
sa r
an nito
Tr
Mo
LMS-SCHOOLWISE TEST DEPLOYMENT ON
VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE.

End User Monitoring was setup for

a large IT services / consulting
organization for their central –
web project management
software

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Different Monitoring approaches for critical applications Performance

4 Different ways to monitor infrastructure.

Management

Transaction tracing within application servers Capture logs and traces from web servers and
.c to capture execution of software code on .d DB servers to capture both response times
systems. Used in software performance for specific transactions and the patterns of
engineering in load simulated usage of the resources. What are end users
environments. Used with prior care in demanding?
production environments as these monitors
can consume significant resources. Procedures (reference the SQL Trace data) Duration CPU Reads Hits
uspReports Critical Critical Critical 8,837
uspManageLogin V Hi. V Hi Lo 7,946
UspManageFeedback Medium V Lo Medium 312
uspOutComesProcessing Critical V Lo Lo 32,362
usptblAssessment Medium V Hi Hi 17,043
uspPresentaton Medium Lo Lo 20,493
uspQuestionBank Lo Medium Medium 16,153

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Resource

4 Samples of Monitoring setup for different clients.

Typical capacity monitoring done for a large US MNC.
Management

AT&T HOSTING CENTER BANDWIDTH USAGE

35
30 Trend view of hosting center bandwidth consumption
BANDWIDTH (mb/sec)`

25 from AT&T services. These trends are used as inputs

20
for fine tuning the demand models and for capacity
15
10
planning.
5
0
Jul-05

Oct-05

Jan-06

Apr-06

Jul-06

Oct-06

Jan-07

Apr-07

Jul-07

Oct-07

Jan-08

Apr-08

Jul-08
MONTH
AT&T HOSTING CENTER REMOTE HANDS USAGE

Capacity usage trends for staff usage for the network 80

70
service, showing available capacity and usage. Such a 60
trend was used to re-contract and redeploy resources 50

HOURS
40
in network management and support 30
20
10
0

Nov-07
Nov-05

Nov-06
Jul-05

Jul-06

Jan-07

Jul-07

Jan-08

Jul-08
Jan-06
Sep-05

Sep-07

Sep-08
Mar-06
May-06

Sep-06

Mar-07
May-07

Mar-08
May-08
TOTAL CONTRACTED MONTH

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Modeling Capacity
(Six Sigma: Process Capability)
2
1 Identify critical apps managed by
the DC, define performance criteria
Map and identify demand scenarios
in critical apps [ in pilot – 2/3 apps] –
and setup the monitoring systems monitor demand - sys monitors

Low BW switch

OBJECTIVE Low BW switch

Bottle Neck Analysis others
Bench Mark Analysis IS Probe
8%
SETUP r
ve
Database Size to be fixed S er
nt
Network Configuration within VM nt e IBIssueAssgn.asp
Co
ACT Scripts to be fixed 3%
Transaction lock ins to be removed Web log
MMC Log
PM/DailyActMX.asp
TOOLS
2 ovis probes (eyes) Ap
p 3%
eb
TA outside virtual environment W
MMC to capture IIS metrics properly CommonPage.asp
DailyActivity.asp
4%
SCENARIO
SQL-Trace 47%
vice r MMC Logs
Functionality | Take Test | Registration S er nito
Load between 60 users – 300 users Mo DeveloperDB.asp
With content | out content ster 5%
Clu TaskSelection.a
DB
Load Clients
3500 IBDiscussion.a
Introduction.asp
VIRTUAL INFRA.
7%
IBIssueHIST.as
n 3000 IB/IBFilters.asp
c tio
sa r
an ito
Tr on
M IBIssueList.asp PM/DetailsDA.a
LMS-SCHOOLWISE TEST DEPLOYMENT ON
VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE.
7% 2500
CommonList.asp IBIsEntForRvw
9%
IB/IBQueryBld.a
2000 PM/ProjectRES.
EmployeeSel.as
1500 PMDashboard.a
ReportUIBld.as
1000

4
IBIssueAssgn.a
PM/DailyActMX
500

Correlate application into

CommonPage.a
DeveloperDB.a
0
Join demand & infrastructure Introduction.as

M
M

M
M

M
infrastructure elements and
IBIssueList.asp

A
A

P
A

P
11
12

11
2

9
CommonList.as

performance and monitor DailyActivity.as

collect data on infrastructure

capacity metrics w.r.t limits

400 80.00

350 70.00

300 60.00 server

Data
250 50.00 App - Average of
Processor_TOT_Processor_Time
DB - Average of
200 40.00
Processor_TOT_Processor_Time
TaskSelection.asp
3500 App - Average of Mem_Page_Faults_sec IBDiscussion.asp
150 30.00
IBIssueHIST.asp
DB - Average of Mem_Page_Faults_sec
100
3000 20.00 IB/IBFilters.asp
PM/DetailsDA.asp
50 2500 10.00 IBIsEntForRvw .asp

0 0.00 IB/IBQueryBld.asp
2000 PM/ProjectRES.asp

38755.8334-38755.87507

38756.20843-38756.2501
38755.50004-38755.54171
38755.54171-38755.58338

38755.62505-38755.66672
38755.66672-38755.70839
38755.70839-38755.75006

38755.79173-38755.8334

38755.87507-38755.91674
38755.91674-38755.95841
38755.95841-38756.00008

38756.04175-38756.08342
38756.08342-38756.12509
38756.12509-38756.16676

38756.2501-38756.29177
38756.29177-38756.33344
38756.33344-38756.37511
38756.37511-38756.41678
38756.41678-38756.45845
38756.45845-38756.50012
38756.50012-38756.54179
38756.54179-38756.58346
38755.58338-38755.62505

38755.75006-38755.79173

38756.00008-38756.04175

38756.16676-38756.20843
EmployeeSel.asp
1500 PMDashboard.asp
ReportUIBld.asp
1000
IBIssueAssgn.asp
PM/DailyActMX.asp
500
CommonPage.asp
_PDH_CSV_4_0_India_Standard_Time__330_
DeveloperDB.asp
0
Introduction.asp

M
M

M
M

M
IBIssueList.asp

A
A

P
A

P
A

P
12

11

11
2

9
CommonList.asp
DailyActivity.asp

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Forecasting
(Six Sigma: Process Trends)
Analyze the performance across Forecasting using statistical tools like
parameters trend analysis, seasonality, c/r-charts

Class (All) cs-method (All) KeyFile yes Extension aspx Concurrency (All)
PERFORMANCE ALONG INFRASTRUCTURE
CONFIGURATION

C o n f ig u rat io n
App lica tion
Count of c-ip
100%

C
3X-5X ++
d
re
er !
ef e
P r ho i C
C 6X-9X ++
10%
Application_Config
DB_Config
Single - Single
2 * Single
Load B/c ed
J
Single - 2P2G
2P2G - 2P2G 6X-9X ++
1%
LB - Single

J
LEGEND

0%
<500
500-
1999
2000-
3499
3500-
4999
5000-
6499
6500-
7999
8000-
9499
9500-
10999
11000-
12500
>12500
OverAll & .Aspx

Html content
J
>
Single - Single 2% 4% 8% 9% 12% 16% 16% 13% 11% 9% 2 CPU
Single - 2P2G 6% 9% 12% 7% 6% 7% 9% 14% 12% 18% 2 GB Ram .NET Methods

5X -7X ++
2P2G - 2P2G 57% 11% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 7% 6% 4%
LB - Single 73% 12% 6% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3%

time-taken
C

1/3 X ++
1X ++

3X-5X ++
Single

C
3X-4X ++

1X ++

2 CPU DB Configuration
Single
2 GB Ram

• 7 patterns analysis of C – Charts

• Across time, infrastructure elements
• Across all elements of a transaction to see
where constraints lie.
• Define the throughput at each stage and find the
constraining elements
• Trends with seasonality settings to ensure peak load
• Demand MACD [moving average convergence
divergence] curves which are moving average
exponential 2 sigma UCL LCL to show how demand is
• Bottleneck analysis across infrastructure streams for
each application / service.

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Setting the Limits
(Six Sigma : Process Control)
Setup Capacity governance and
Interpret the trends - event control procedures based on ITIL
management and alerts. standards and 6sigma control

I-MR Chart of C1
U C L=97.00
95
Individual V alue

90
_
85 X=85.44

80

75
LC L=73.88
1 1 1 1

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
O bser vation Monitored Systems Monitoring tools Event Aggregation/ Service Management
20
1 1
Correlation
1
15
event U C L=14.20 alert
M oving Range

10
ToolA
__
5 M R=4.35

0
eventLC L=0 alert
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ToolB
O bser vation

Manager
of Correlated
event alert Alerts
ToolC Manager
(Event Ticketing Notification
Correlator) Engine
alert
Tool
event
ToolD
Ticket

Service
alert
event
ToolE
Impact
Manager

• Define relationship between the demands

•Event Collection & Logging and workload,
•Event Consolidation: Filtering & Classification •Monitor resource workloads and
•Event Correlation & Enrichment utilizations, so that appropriate thresholds
•Event Action / Processing can be set at each level.
•Event Closure •Analysis follows with reports, &
recommendations

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are solutions to identified constraints?
3 approaches are presented here based on lean tenets.

1
Find the bottleneck and remove the non value
add wastes in the system [MUDA]

• Capacity planning and monitoring help

identify Wastes [Under Utilized
Resources]
• Consolidate
• Retire
• These wasted resources are the
Quadrant 3 & 4 resources in the
services criticality map.

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are solutions to identified constraints?
3 approaches are presented here based on lean tenets.

2
Balance demand & Capacity [MURA]. Level
demand across time and make capacity flexible
to varying demand

• Weakest link in the chain reflects the

strength of the chain.
• Capacity planning and monitoring help
identify Bottlenecks [Over utilized
Resources]
• Optimize the application
• Increase the capacity to meet demand

Vishwanath Ramdas
 What are solutions to identified constraints?
3 approaches are presented here based on lean tenets.

3
Innovatively expand capacity or shrink processing
to obviate overload [MURI]

• Capacity planning and monitoring help

identify overload in the system
• Excess data flow in the system –
network?
– AJAX | JSON
• Sub optimal code execution
• Service Oriented Architecture.

Vishwanath Ramdas
 Vishwanath Ramdas is …

• Business Process Operations Consultant

• Working in areas like ITSM, Software development, process consulting …
• Based in bangalore [India]
• Visit him @
– http://gopu44.googlepages.com

Thank You

Vishwanath Ramdas