Part 1

1. The two ways to collect the data are by interviewing people and by using
observations.

2. a) The mean, also referred to by statisticians as the average, the most common
statistic used to measure the center of a numerical data set. The mean is the
sum of all the values in data set divided by the number of values in data set.
∑𝑥
𝑥= , ∑𝑥 = sum of all values of data ; 𝑛 = number of values. Mean can help
𝑛

us in making decision about which measures are most useful and also help to
determine the overall performance. For example, students can calculate the
average of all the scores they got in different subjects.

b) Standard deviation can be used to compare two data sets effectively. It also
can be used to tell how measurements for a group are spread out from the
average (mean). For example, a class of students took a math test. Their teacher
found that the mean score on the test was an 85%. She then calculates the
standard deviation of the other test scores and found a small standard deviation
which suggested that most students scored very close to 85%.

3. a) Extreme value is the value in a set of data which is far away from the mean
value, either smaller or larger than the mean value.

b) If the extreme value is small, the mean will decrease dramatically while the
standard deviation will increase. If the extreme value is large, the mean will
increase dramatically while the standard deviation also increases.
Part 2

1. Form 4 Chemistry final examinations marks.

22 25 25 28 30 31 32 32 33 33
33 33 35 35 36 37 37 38 38 40
40 41 41 42 42 44 44 44 46 46
46 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 49 49
50 51 52 52 53 54 54 54 54 54
54 54 55 55 55 55 55 56 56 56
56 57 57 57 57 58 58 59 59 60
60 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 62 63
63 63 64 64 64 65 65 66 66 66
66 67 67 69 70 70 70 71 71 72
72 73 75 75 75 76 79 79 79 80
80 81 83 85 86 87 90

∑𝑥
2. a) the mean, 𝑥̅ =
𝑁
6526
𝑥=
117
=55.7778

∑𝑥 2 ̅̅̅2
∑𝑓(𝑥−𝑥)
b) the standard deviation, 𝜎 = √ − 𝑥̅ 2 or 𝜎 = √
𝑁 𝑁

390716
𝜎=√ − 55.7782
117

= 15.10935
3.
Class 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥2 𝑓𝑥 2
20-29 4 24.5 98 600.25 2401
30-39 15 34.5 517.5 1190.25 17853.75
40-49 21 44.5 934.5 1980.25 41585.25
50-59 29 54.5 1580.5 2970.25 86137.25
60-69 25 64.5 1612.5 4160.25 104006.25
70-79 15 74.5 1117.5 5550.25 83253.75
80-89 7 84.5 591.5 7140.25 49981.75
90-99 1 94.5 94.5 8930.25 8930.25
∑ 117 476 6546.5 32522 394149.25

∑𝑓𝑥
a) The mean, 𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓

6546.5
𝑥̅ =
117
= 55.95299

∑𝑓𝑥 2 ∑𝑓(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2
b) The standard deviation, 𝜎 = √ − 𝑥̅ 2 or 𝜎 = √
∑𝑓 ∑𝑓

394149.25
i) 𝜎=√ − 55.9532
117

= 15.42918
 Class 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
20-29 4 24.5 -31.453 989.2907 3957.1627
30-39 15 34.5 -21.453 460.2308 6903.4626
40-49 21 44.5 -11.453 131.1710 2754.5913
50-59 29 54.5 -1.453 2.1112 61.2243
60-69 25 64.5 8.547 73.0514 1826.2839
70-79 15 74.5 18.547 343.9915 5159.8729
80-89 7 84.5 28.547 814.9317 5704.5219
90-99 1 94.5 38.547 1485.8719 1485.8719
∑ 117 476 28.3761 4302.6502 27852.9915

27852.9915
ii) 𝜎= √
117

= 15.42918

4. Ungrouped data able to accurately present the actual view of the data. This is
because grouped data is only an estimated value of the actual data.