Amin Yazdi | Tyler Duncan

La Citta Nuova
Antonio Sant’Elia
1914

Vision
As a model for the ideal human environment, Antonio Sant’Elia envisions a city that prioritizes function;
Aesthetics and spiritual experiences come as a result. A striking aspect of Sant’Elia’s design is his de-
emphasis on the autonomy of buildings. That is, his design choices for the Citta Nuova implicitly reflect on
the futurist philosophy of beauty in motion, and correspondingly seek to promote the unfettered circulation
of objects – people, automobiles, trains, etc. – through what Banham calls a “knot”-like design in city
planning. Each structure is connected to its neighbors by a “network of multi-level circulation at their feet.”
A Greate Space
Sant’Elia envisioned each appartment as well-ventilated and
well-lit. In the apartment wings, he brings the vertical
circulation outside of the building to create more space for
the apartments. Each level is set back to create
opportunities for balconies and outside spaces.
Even though the city appears closed off, Sant’Elia has
created moments for residents to experience nature: the
outside walkways from elevators to floors, as well as the
large open spaces, looking inward, on the buttom levels.

Airp Transportations Hub

lane
s serving a large number of
people in a condensed
community.

Roadway

Rai
lwa
y
Elevator towers
are moved outside
of the building

In the Language of eVolo

Sant’Elia envisioned this community in 1914, and his
futuristic ideas were far ahead of his time. He thought anout
air transportation in La Citta Nuova before airplanes were
commercially used. He thought about a new world in which
to adapt the architecture of the early 1900s to modern or
future lifestyles: adapting to high population, increasing land
values, and new ways of communication and transportation.
La Citta Nouva is an example of a self-contained living
machine where humans, despite living in condensed
communities, still stay connected with nature.
Millennium Tower
Foster + Partners
1989

Vision
The Millennium Tower, conceived by Norman Foster in 1989, was a response to Tokyo’s robust
population boom. At the time, the city had a projected population of over 15 million by 2020. Today,
the population of its greater metropolitan area is approaching 38 million. With severe land shortages
across Tokyo, The Millennium Tower proposed upward expansion two miles offshore, in Tokyo Bay,
with over one million square meters of commercial development and housing for 60,000 people. The
tower would generate its own energy and process its own waste, and, at 170 floors, would be the
tallest building in the world.
In the Language of eVolo
A “metro” system, moving both vertically and horizontally, would
carry cars of 160 people throughout the tower, from offices on
the bottom floors to apartments higher up. The topmost section
of the tower would consist of communications systems and
wind or solar generators. Every thirty floors, “sky centers” would
provide amenities such as hotels, department stores, etc. in
five-floor sections articulated by mezzanines, landscaping and
terraces. Because the region is prone to earthquakes and
hurricane-strength winds, the tower’s structure is conical and
aerodynamic; wind resistances decreases towards the top,
where the tower becomes completely open, while width and
strength are maximized at the tower’s base. For structural
support, helical bands are wrapped around the tower.
Type your text

AKANKSHA BALPANDE 1205

GEETA GUJARATHI 1220
SHREYA MAHAJAN 1220
KASHMIRA SONAR 1264
POONAM WADEKAR 1267
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

 Broadacre City was an urban or suburban

development concept proposed by Frank Lloyd
A TRULY
Wright throughout most of his lifetime.
 He presented the idea in his book The
PROPHETIC
Disappearing City in 1932.
 A few years later he unveiled a very detailed
VISION OF
twelve by twelve foot (3.7 × 3.7 m) scale model
representing a hypothetical four square mile
MODERN
(10 km²) community.
AMERICA

ACCORDING TO HIM,
CITIES WOULD NO
LONGER BE
CENTRALIZED; NO
LONGER BEHOLDEN
TO THE
PEDESTRIAN OR
THE CENTRAL
BUSINESS DISTRICT
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Europe sets the stage for

Wright's comeback.
Le Corbusier formulates his
ideas for the future,
designing a contemporary
city for 3 million inhabitants.
In 1922 the principles are
clear. This city is dense,
rational, organised; to put it
in a nutshell - urban.
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Wright's answer is as radical

as it is diametrically
opposed.
Broadacre isn't a city; it is
a landscape. Decentralised
in organisation it is self-
sufficient in supply,
republican in constitution,
and populated by auto -
mobile citizens.

Centred on the homestead,

the single family house,
Broadacre sprawls.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA
Wright perceives himself and his rebellion as "an army under siege". The atmosphere in Taliesin at
the time is described like this:
» It was not a civilized situation - it was a heroic one. « VI.) 5

From this milieu emerges the plan for a community laying out their cities according to family
values, spirituality and knowledge.
Everyone owns land for cultivation, at least one Acre (4046,856 m2, 165 by 264 Feet) The model
plan covers four square miles.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Broadacre is a community without experts. Everyone does everything. Everyone's a

farmer - industrial worker - artist: reminiscence of the "Arts and Crafts" movement from
Wright's beginnings.
The ideal for labour is self-fulfilment.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

There is no
administration - no
bureaucracy - but
the architect, who plans
the city and settles its
affairs.
He arranges who may
own how many acres of
land and where roads
start and lead to, thus
preventing property
speculation as well as
congestion
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Broadacre is a continuous metropolitan region of low density. Areas designated to serve similar
purposes are allocated functionally (parallel along traffic systems of more than regional
importance like monorail and motorway):
trade, entertainment, industry, agriculture, housing etc..
Arrangements are selective - idealized - but not exclusive.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

The city starts with the

single family house. Due to
Broadacre's economical
logic it is being built by
oneself (in a DIY network).
Using standardized elements
and partly prefabricated
building modules it is fairly
extendable .
But first of all it is
affordable, although money
has almost no relevance in
Broadacre.

The Usonian House as a

typology evolves.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

» Everywhere now human

voice and vision are
annihilating distance -
penetrating walls.
Wherever the citizen goes
(even as he goes) he has
information, lodging and
entertainment. He may
now be within easy reach
of general or immediate
distribution of everything
he needs to have or to
know: All that he may
require as he lives
becomes not only more
worthy of him and his
Mobility and information conveying systems are freedom but convenient to
prerequisites for Broadacre. him now wherever he may
Wright esteems the importance of "communication choose to make his home.
machines" as follows:
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

The road is a symbol

of individual
freedom. Cars aren't
simply contemporary
or modern, they
represent democracy
itself. The technology
to cross and to
communicate long
distance facilitates:

air, light and

freedom of
movement.

The notion of an aircraft in everyone's front yard is a convincing

image.
Total mobility is inevitable.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Resolving the volume of traffic as well as coming to terms with prosperity shift focus.
Horizontality and mobility are at the centre of attention in master plan simulations of
the time.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Instead of improving social order to achieve happiness for mankind, we apply technology
to do so. Before, the new society guaranteed to handle progress reasonably - now
advanced technology and science (considered an instrument to control these
advancements) are trusted to solve the contradictions of current states.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

By 1958 Broadacre remains true to its socioeconomic concept, but generates different images.
It sells via monuments, Frank Lloyd Wright's monuments. The 'air-rotor' [helicopter] becomes
a trademark.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Still, the conclusive statement by Robert Fishman's 1977 analysis of Broadacre City
constitutes the keenest critique possible.

» […] The plan was democratic not because it had been debated in a legislature or
approved in an election but because it was representative of the nation's deepest
feelings […]
 THE BALM FOR WHAT AILS AMERICA

 According to Wright, technology

and planning were tools in the
great struggle for social reform.

 Frank Lloyd Wright believed that

by designing a better city,
America's social failures would
simply dissolve.

 He imagined himself as someone

who could solve a huge number
of social issues and social
problems through design.

 The key to Wright's utopia, of

course, were the tremendous
technological advances made at
the dawn of the 20th century—
perhaps none more important
than the car. Broadacre City is
really a vision of life as gas
station.

THE GAS STATION WOULD BECOME THE MOST IMPORTANT MARKETPLACE OF BROADACRES
 VISION OF THE GAS STATION AND THE ALT UNIVERSE PULP SCI- FI

 In his 1932 book The Disappearing City, Wright explained

that the answer to the problem of how the people of this
utopian community might buy goods.

 In the gasoline service station may be seen the beginning

of an important advance agent of decentralization by
way of distribution and also the beginning of the
establishment of the Broadacre City.

 Wherever the service station happens to be naturally

located, these now crude and seemingly insignificant
units will grow and expand into various distributing
center for merchandise of all sorts. They are already
doing so in the Southwest to a great extent.

 The vehicles were sleek and modern—but they were

shown floating across pastoral, exurban scenes of wide
open spaces and verdant fields

WRIGHT'S DRAWINGS FOR BROADACRE

LOOKED AS THOUGH THEY HAD BEEN TORN
FROM AN ALT-UNIVERSE PULP SCI-FI COMIC
 AN UNBUILT VISION—THAT'S ALL AROUND US AND THE REALITY TODAY

 Broadacre City is the reality that is today. To some extent the

interstate highways, the rise of massive shopping malls, the
cookie-cutter developments in suburbia — they are Broadacre, and
Broadacre is them in a lot of ways. Not necessary planned, more in
a piecemeal fashion.

 If we look at Broadacre City piece by piece and drawing by drawing,

sure enough almost everything he designed we can find in there.

 Broadacre was a testing ground for perfection, or at the very least

something more civilized than the chaos that seemed to define
20th century life.

 Wright foresaw that his model for the perfect community would
probably never actually be built to his specifications. He believed
that perhaps America was too broken to recover from the
degradation of the city; too blind to the possibilities of what he saw
as a better way of life.

 We got the cars; the sprawl; the gas stations. Cities as diverse as
Los Angeles and Houston and Janesville, Wisconsin are in some
ways versions of Wright's Broadacre dream. But in the end, for
better and for worse, America never saw the rise of that architect
king.
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S VEHICLES

THE VEHICLES
WERE SLEEK
AND MODERN—
BUT THEY WERE
SHOWN
FLOATING
ACROSS
PASTORAL,
EXURBAN
SCENES OF WIDE
OPEN SPACES
AND VERDANT
FIELDS
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S VISION FOR BROADACRE

In 1935, Wright wrote an article for the Architectural Record describing the
emerging technologies behind his vision for this new utopia. It would be a
feat of modern technology, built upon some of America's greatest strengths:

1.The motor car: general mobilization of the human being.

2.Radio, telephone and telegraph: electrical inter-communication becoming
complete.
3.Standardized machine-shop production: machine invention plus scientific
discovery.
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S UTOPIAN DYSTOPIA

Butterfly Wing Bridge, Spring Green, Wisconsin 1947

Rogers Lacy Hotel, Dallas 1946-47
Beth Sholom Synagogue, Pennsylvania 1953-59
Twin Suspension Bridges and Community Center, Pittsburgh 1947
Huntington Hartford Play Resort, Hollywood 1947
Self Service Garage, Pittsburgh 1949 THANK YOU,
2015701007-A.GAYATHRI
(To the right of illustration 20; click image to enlarge)
Automobile Objective and Planetarium2015701537-A.YAMINI
for Gordon Strong, Maryland 1925
Marin County Civic Centre, San Rafael, California, 1957 - 70