PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

The National Center for Teacher Education

Mindanao
Multicultural Education Hub

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN & ROMAN

LITERATURE
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

in

GED- LIT 01
(Master Works in World Literature)
First Term, S.Y 2018- 2019

Submitted by:

JOHN PATRICK P. BERSALOTE

BME IV

Submitted to:

DR.BERNADETTE A.PASTOLERO
Course Professor
INDIA
I- Background
The Indian subcontinent is the site of a civilization as ancient as any in the world. City
states arose in North India, along the Indus River, at about the same time as the early
civilizations of the Tigris-Euphrates at Sumer and other locations. Over the centuries, India was
invaded by many different peoples, all of whom left their imprint.
Hinduism developed out of a multiplicity of local gods, goddesses, and heroes. Gradually
this multiplicity was given a coherent framework, in which the individual deities were seen as
manifestations of a greater unity. Nonetheless, multiplicity remained a major feature of
Hinduism, as it is of Indian culture in general.
Local deities were identified with cyclical forces of nature, as is common in an
agricultural society-- birth, death, planting; and with the fertility of land, herds, and human
beings.
Gradually the belief arose that all these gods were manifestation of the One- Brahma. The
physical world in all its variety was seen as a dream of Brahma; it comes into existence, ends,
and is reborn in great cycles, as are human souls in the shorter cycles of human lifetimes. This
cyclical idea, which reflects the cycles of seasons and fertility, repeats endlessly. The human
soul, which is eternal, is reborn, or reincarnated. The actions of the individual in this life
accumulate as karma, which affects the status one will achieve in the next life. The ultimate goal
is maksha, or the achievement of spiritual perfection which will enable the soul to achieve
release from the wheel of life, and attain oneness with Brahma.
The idea of caste is closely associated with Hindu beliefs about spiritual progress through
the accumulation of karma and reincarnation. Caste is the division of society into rigid classes,
which define one's status, occupation, and relationships. Historians believe that the caste system
was introduced into India at the time of the Aryan invasions, c. 1500 B.C. as a means of
separating the conquerors from the conquered. In due course, this stratification of society was
sanctioned by Hinduism, in which caste came to be associated with the level of spiritual
attainment.
Thus in India we find a multiplicity of ethnic groups-- hundreds of separate languages are
spoken-- a multiplicity of castes within each community-- and the worship of a multiplicity of
gods that vary according to locality, caste, and personal preference.

II- Geography
Location: South Asia
Geographic coordinates: 21°N 78°E
Map references: South Asia
Area: total: 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)
 land: 91%
water: 9%
Climate: Winter, occurring from December to March. Summer or pre-monsoon season, lasting
from April to June (April to July in northwestern India).
Monsoon or rainy season, lasting from July to September. Post-
monsoon or autumn season, lasting from October to November.
Capital : New Delhi
Official Language: Hindi
Government : "Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic" with a parliamentary
system of government.
King : Ram Nath Kovind
Prime Minister : Narendra Modi

III- Population
The current population of India is 1,355,307,284 as of Friday, August 3, 2018, based on
the latest United Nations estimates. India population is equivalent to 17.74% of the total world
population. India ranks number 2 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population.

IV- People
Thais are slim, amiable and polite. Thai kickboxing, formerly a martial arts using both
hands and feet- a world famous and show Thais physical prowess. They are very conscious of
social rank. The traditional Thai greeting is like the Indian Namaste, a head bow with hands
pressed upwards.

V- History
The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian
subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into
the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures
and traditions; rise of sixteen oligarchic republics known as Mahajanapadas; rise of Śramaṇa
movement; birth of Jainism and Buddhism in 6th-century BCE, and the onset of a succession
of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic
areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period
intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of
the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and
the creation of the Republic of India.
The Indian people established during ancient, medieval to early eighteenth century some
of the greatest empires and dynasties in South Asian history like the Maurya Empire, Satavahana
dynasty, Gupta Empire, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Chalukya Empire, Chola Empire, Karkota
Empire, Pala Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Maratha Empire and Sikh Empire.The first great
Empire of the Indian people was the Maurya Empire having Patliputra(currently Patna, Bihar) as
its capital, conquered the major part of South Asia in the 4th and 3rd century BC during the reign
of the Indian Emperors Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka alongside their senior
advisor, Acharya Chanakya, the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in the
World. The next great ancient Empire of the Indian people was the Gupta Empire. This period,
witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden
Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture,
and Hinduism and Buddhism spread to much of Asia, while Chola Empire in the south had
flourishing maritime trade links with the Roman Empire during this period. The ancient Indian
mathematicians Aryabhata, Bhāskara I and Brahmaguptainvented the concept of zero and
the Hindu–Arabic numeral system decimal system during this period. During this period Indian
cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment
of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia.
During the early medieval period the great Rashtrakuta dynasty dominated the major part
of the Indian subcontinent. from the 8th to 10th century and the Indian
Emperor Amoghavarsha of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty was described by the Arab traveller
Sulaiman as one of the four great kings of the world. The medieval south Indian
mathematician Mahāvīra lived in the Rashtrakuta dynasty and was the first Indian mathematician
who separated astrology from mathematics and who wrote the earliest Indian text entirely
devoted to mathematics. The greatest maritime Empire of the medieval Indians was the Chola
dynasty. Under the great Indian Emperors Rajaraja Chola I and his successor Rajendra Chola
I the Chola dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-
East Asia. The power of the Chola empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition
to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime
empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China.
During the late medieval period the great Vijayanagara Empire dominated the major part
of southern India from the 14th to 16th century and reached its peak during the reign of the south
Indian Emperor Sri Krishnadevaraya The medieval Kerala School of Astronomy and
Mathematics flourished during this period under such well known south Indian mathematicians
as Madhava who made important contributions to Trigonometery and Calculus,
and Nilakhanta who postulated on the orbitals of planets.
The Mughal Empire unified much of Indian sub-continent under one realm. Under the
Mughals India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and
greater patronage of culture. This marked a huge influence in the Indian society. The Mughal
Empirebalanced and pacified local societies through new administrative practices and had
diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform
rule. Newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas,
the Rajputs, the Pathans, the Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during
Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military
experience.
 The Marathas and Sikhs emerged in the 17th century and established the Maratha
Empire and Sikh Empire which became the dominant power in India in the 18th
century. The Maratha Empire is credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule in India.
The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa in the north and Bengal and Andaman Islands in the east.

VI- Economic Progress

The Economic Development in India followed socialist-inspired people for most of its
independent history, including state-ownership of many sectors; India's per capita income
increased at only around 1% annualised rate in the three decades after its independence.
Since the mid-1980s, India has slowly opened up its markets through economic
liberalisation. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their renewal in the 2000s, India
has progressed towards a free market economy.
In the late 2000s, India's growth reached 7.5%. States have larger responsibilities over
their economies. The average annual growth rates (2007–12)
for Uttarakhand (13.66%), Bihar (10.15%) or Jharkhand (9.85%) were higher than for West
Bengal (6.24%), Maharashtra (7.84%), Odisha (7.05%), Punjab (6.85%) or Assam (5.88%).
India is the sixth-largest economy in the world and the third largest by purchasing power parity
adjusted exchange rates (PPP). On per capita basis, it ranks 140th in the world or 129th by PPP.
The economic growth has been driven by the expansion of services that have been
growing consistently faster than other sectors. It is argued that the pattern of Indian development
has been a specific one and that the country may be able to skip the
intermediate industrialisation-led phase in the transformation of its economic structure. Serious
concerns have been raised about the jobless nature of the economic growth.
Favourable macroeconomic performance has been a necessary but not sufficient
condition for the significant reduction of poverty amongst the Indian population. The rate of
poverty decline has not been higher in the post-reform period (since 1991). The improvements in
some other non-economic dimensions of social development have been even less favourable.
The most pronounced example is an exceptionally high and persistent level of child malnutrition
(46% in 2005–6).
The progress of economic reforms in India is followed closely. The World Bank suggests
that the most important priorities are public sector reform, infrastructure, agricultural and rural
development, removal of labour regulations, reforms in lagging states, and HIV/AIDS. For 2017,
India ranked 100th in Ease of Doing Business Index. According to Index of Economic
Freedom World Ranking an annual survey on economic freedom of the nations, India ranks
123rd as compared with China and Russia which ranks 138th and 144th respectively in 2014.
At the turn of the century India's GDP was at around US$480 billion. As economic
reforms picked up pace, India's GDP grew five-fold to reach US$2.2 trillion in 2015 (as per IMF
estimates).
 India's GDP growth during January–March period of 2015 was at 7.5% compared to
China's 7%, making it the fastest growing economy. During 2014–15, India's GDP growth
recovered marginally to 7.3% from 6.9% in the previous fiscal year. During 2014–15, India's
services sector grew by 10.1%, manufacturing sector by 7.1% & agriculture by 0.2%. The Indian
economy grew by 7.6% and 7.1% in FY 2015-16 and FY 2016-17 respectively as major reforms
such as demonetisation and implementation of GST were undertaken. Economic growth slowed
during FY 2016-17, with only a 6.7% increase in GDP forecast for 2017-18, but growth is
expected to rebound to 7.4% in 2018-19.

VII- Transit for the Gospel

India is the world's second-most populous country with nearly 1.2 billion people. Yet no
more than 2.3% of the population is Christian. The predominant religion is Hinduism, and the
vast majority of India's people live in spiritual darkness. Outreach in that country takes many
forms, including caring for destitute children, providing loving care to leprosy sufferers,
publishing the Gospel message through newspaper advertisements, and utilizing national
workers to share the Good News with their countrymen throughout the villages of Andhra
Pradesh.
 Literature
Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo-European language, more specifically one branch of the Indo-
Iranian group. Extensive ancient literature in the Vedic Sanskrit language has survived into the
modern era, and this has been a major source of information for reconstructing Proto-Indo-
European and Proto-Indo-Iranian history. It is the ancient language of the Vedas of Hinduism,
texts compiled over the period of the mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium BCE. Composed in Vedic
Sanskrit, the Vedas constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the
oldest scriptures of Hinduism.

Widely practised in the Indian subcontinent, Hinduism had a loose sense of

interconnection, as different from Jainism and Buddhism, and Islam and Christianity. Hinduism
is a diverse system of thought with beliefs. Its concept of God is complex and depends upon each
individual and the tradition and philosophy followed. They worship the Supreme Being variously
as Vishnu, Brahma, Shiva, or Shakti, depending upon the sect.

Vaishnavism is the devotional religious tradition that worships Vishnu and his avatars,
particularly Krishna and Rama. The adherents of this sect are generally non-ascetic, monastic,
oriented towards community events and devotionalism practices inspired by "intimate loving,
joyous, playful" Krishna and other Vishnu avatars.

Matsya, is the fish avatar in the ten primary avatars of Hindu god Vishnu. Matsya is
described to have rescued Manu and earthly existence from a great deluge.

The section 1.8.1 of the Shatapatha Brahmana is the earliest extant text to mention
Matsya and the flood myth in Hinduism. The Shatapatha Brahmana is a prose text
describing Vedic rituals, history and mythology associated with the Śukla Yajurveda. It makes
no mention of Vishnu, instead identifies the fish with Prajapati-Brahma. The central characters
of this legend are the fish and Manu. The character Manu is presented as the legislator and the
ancestor king. One day, water is brought to Manu for his ablutions. In the water is a tiny fish.
The fish states it fears being swallowed by a larger fish and appeals to Manu to protect him. In
return, the fish promises to rescue Manu from an impending flood. Manu accepts the request. He
puts the fish in a pot of water where he grows. Then he prepares a ditch filled with water, and
transfers him there where it can grow freely. Once the fish grows further to be big enough to be
free from danger, Manu transfers him into ocean. The fish thanks him, tells him the date of the
great flood, and asks Manu to build a boat by that day. On the predicted day, Manu visits the fish
with his boat. The devastating floods come, Manu ties the boat to the great fish known to be
Matsy. The fish carries the boat with Manu to the high grounds of the northern mountains. Manu
then re-establishes life by performing austerities and by performing yajna or sacrifices.

The Vedic story is symbolic. The little fish alludes to the Indian "law of the fishes", an
equivalent to the "law of the jungle". The small and weak would be devoured by the big and
strong, and needs the dharmic protection of the legislator and king Manu to enable it to attain its
potential and help later. Manu provides the protection, the little fish grows to become big and
ultimately saves all existence. The boat that Manu builds to get help from the savior fish is
symbolism of the means to avert complete destruction and for human salvation. The mountains
are symbolism for the doorway for ultimate refuge and liberation.
 Comparative Study of Sathya Narayanan’s The
Story of Matsya Avatar Vis-a-Vis Thomas Nelson’s
Book of Genesis: The Great Flood
This paper assumes that Sathya Narayanan’s The Story of Matsya Avatar and Thomas
Nelson’s Book of Genesis: The Great Flood shows similarities over the countries legend based
on their tradition and belief that is observed. The theme of the stories is filled with the essence of
belief and the great power of God. The main characters of the stories had the ability to lead the
path to salvation.

The mimetic theory is first and foremost a theory of religion. It describes the “religious”
dimension of interpersonal relations the idolatry of models or sexual partners just as it explains
the origins of archaic religions and the qualitative difference between these and the Judeo-
Christian tradition.

In the stories of great floods that were said happened a long time ago that is by now
transfused into different kinds of genre and depictions, how did religion inspire such stories?
Christianity is a keen religion that follows the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, its beliefs and its
traditions. On the other hand, Hinduism is a long lived religion said to be oldest among any
religion link to recognizable rituals of our ancestors, the study of stars and other conceptual texts
that will describe all of our culture.

In this instance we saw different sides of the paper with distinct colors but lies on the
same belief that there is/are a God Almighty or Heavenly Beings. The texts had already leave
clues of the past to where we would see the cause of these distinctions.

Assumed that on some way religion of the country influenced the literature of its own
that is produced at the time and therefore the piece can be understood by focusing on where it
originated or was made.

Thomas Nelson’s Book of Genesis: The Great Flood is the most common story to many,
based on the bible featuring Noah’s trial about criticism on his God and the prediction of the
upcoming great flood. Noah’s Ark acts as the main means of survival of the humanity along with
the animals.
 Sathya Narayanan’s The Story of Matsya Avatar, on the other hand, is another story of a
great flood. The story is about the great flood that happened to the world which is cause by the
kidnapping of the Vedas. The story circles around how Matsya was able to save the Vedas by the
hands of Hayagriva. Mahavishnu reincarnated as a fish named Matsya was able to achieve his
form through the help of Manu. Matsya promised to return his debt by telling Manu about the
upcoming flood and told Manu the he will ensure his safety along with his condition.

On these stories similarities are likely to be seen in both the sides, The Matsya Avatar
and The Book of Genesis: The Great Flood. For instance, the intervention of the Gods to save the
living, Vishnu reincarnated as Matsya saving Manu and the Vedas for the Indian folklore and the
Lord telling Noah about the great flood for the Romans. In both stories the main protagonist
were instructed to build a big boat along with saving species of animals. There was a matter of
days to count for the flood. After both of the floods, a ritual was done as thanks to the Heavenly
Beings or to the Lord.

So the motive of Gods is to cleanse the humanity in both stories, the way they choose to
cleanse the humanity is also the same, through a great flood. In the both stories, Manu and Noah,
we’re righteous persons chosen to save the creation of the Lord by keeping one pair of all
animals and the grains .In the Noah’s story, bad pairs of animals we’re also kept. And Manu and
Noah were both blessed and save themselves with respected wives.

As such deliberate matters, we can conclude the relationship of the two stories focusing
on the art of salvation and belief. Both invoke the event of a cataclysm that judge the world
because of its corruption. They were thoroughly related to an extent of event along with the
existence of a God that had guide humanity to salvation.
 References
Electronic Database:
https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/story-of-matsya-avatar/life-continues-on-the-earth-once-
again-411411

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+7&version=NKJV

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+8&version=NKJV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsya

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajurveda#Shukla_Yajurveda
 Appendix A
The Story of Matsya Avatar
by: Sathya Narayanan
Matsya (Fish) Avatar is the first among the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu. Though
there are several versions of the story found in different Puranas, the most popular is the one
narrated in the Bhagavata Purana. As per the story, Lord Mahavishnu incarnated as Matsya to
ensure the continuity of life on the earth following the great floods and also to rescue the Vedas
and sacred texts from the demon Hayagriva.

Once there was a demon called Hayagriva with the face of a horse, who stole the Vedas
from Brahma, the creator and had disappeared into the oceans. During those times, there was a
highly virtuous and pious king named Satryavrata or Vaivasvata Manu who ruled over the
southern part of the Bharatvarsha.

One day, the king went to Krithamala River to do his morning prayers. When he took
some water from the river in his cupped palms, he found a tiny fish in it. When he wanted to
drop the fish in the waters, it requested him to give shelter for fear of being eaten away by bigger
fishes in the river. The King obliged and carried the fish to his palace and dropped it in a vessel.

With the fish growing in size rapidly, Vaivasvata Manu had to change the container to
bigger ones, finally when none of the containers was enough to contain the fish, it was eventually
transferred to a pond, then to a lake , then to river Ganges and then finally to the ocean. The fish
was growing even bigger in the ocean and once it thanked Vaivasvata Manu for giving shelter till
then and assured the king that it would appear back after a while to rescue the king from the
great floods.

Meanwhile, the fish instructed the king to collect the best of seeds from the flora and the
best of representatives from fauna. It also advised that a huge ship be built and kept in ready
condition.

The great floods started swallowing the earth. The King had by then gathered all the
collected seeds and representatives in the huge ship. The huge fish Matsya Avatar appeared and
brought with it the huge snake Vasuki.

The ship with Manu and his collections aboard was tied to the horn of the fish with the
snake Vasuki. The fish swam over the floods pulling the ship to safety reaching the top of the
Mighty Himalayas. All through the voyage, the Fish discoursed the King on the entire gamut of
Sacred literature.

Once the great floods subsided, the demon Hayagriva was exposed. Matsya killed him
and rescued the Vedas handing them over once again to Brahma. All the seeds gathered in the
ship were thrown on the earth. All the representatives of the different animal species started
procreating once again.

Vaivasvata Manu performed a huge sacrifice or Yajna to propitiate the gods. With the
blessings of the gods, a beautiful damsel named Ida appeared from the fire and married Manu.
Both of them gave rise to the human race once again.
 Appendix B
Book of Genesis: The Great Flood
by: Thomas Nelson
(Genesis 7 & 8)
Then the Lord said to Noah, “Come into the ark, you and all your household, because I
have seen that you are righteous before Me in this generation. You shall take with you seven
each of every clean animal, a male and his female; two each of animals that are unclean, a male
and his female; also seven each of birds of the air, male and female, to keep the species alive on
the face of all the earth. For after seven more days I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days
and forty nights, and I will destroy from the face of the earth all living things that I have
made.” And Noah did according to all that the Lord commanded him. Noah was six hundred
years old when the floodwaters were on the earth.
So Noah, with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives, went into the ark because of the
waters of the flood. Of clean animals, of animals that are unclean, of birds, and of everything that
creeps on the earth, two by two they went into the ark to Noah, male and female, as God had
commanded Noah. And it came to pass after seven days that the waters of the flood were on the
earth. In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the
month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of
heaven were opened. And the rain was on the earth forty days and forty nights.
On the very same day Noah and Noah’s sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, and Noah’s wife
and the three wives of his sons with them, entered the ark— they and every beast after its kind,
all cattle after their kind, every creeping thing that creeps on the earth after its kind, and every
bird after its kind, every bird of every sort. And they went into the ark to Noah, two by two, of
all flesh in which is the breath of life. So those that entered, male and female of all flesh, went
in as God had commanded him; and the Lord shut him in.
Now the flood was on the earth forty days. The waters increased and lifted up the ark,
and it rose high above the earth. The waters prevailed and greatly increased on the earth, and the
ark moved about on the surface of the waters. And the waters prevailed exceedingly on the earth,
and all the high hills under the whole heaven were covered. The waters prevailed fifteen cubits
upward, and the mountains were covered. And all flesh died that moved on the earth: birds and
cattle and beasts and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, and every man. All in whose
nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, all that was on the dry land, died. So He destroyed all
living things which were on the face of the ground: both man and cattle, creeping thing and bird
of the air. They were destroyed from the earth. Only Noah and those who were with him in the
ark remained alive. And the waters prevailed on the earth one hundred and fifty days.
Then God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the animals that were with
him in the ark. And God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters subsided. The
fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were also stopped, and the rain from heaven
was restrained. And the waters receded continually from the earth. At the end of the hundred and
fifty days the waters decreased. Then the ark rested in the seventh month, the seventeenth day of
the month, on the mountains of Ararat. And the waters decreased continually until the tenth
month. In the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen.
So it came to pass, at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark
which he had made. Then he sent out a raven, which kept going to and fro until the waters had
dried up from the earth. He also sent out from himself a dove, to see if the waters had receded
from the face of the ground. But the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, and she
returned into the ark to him, for the waters were on the face of the whole earth. So he put out his
hand and took her, and drew her into the ark to himself. And he waited yet another seven days,
and again he sent the dove out from the ark. Then the dove came to him in the evening, and
behold, a freshly plucked olive leaf was in her mouth; and Noah knew that the waters had
receded from the earth. So he waited yet another seven days and sent out the dove, which did not
return again to him anymore.
And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, the first day of
the month, that the waters were dried up from the earth; and Noah removed the covering of the
ark and looked, and indeed the surface of the ground was dry. And in the second month, on the
twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dried.
Then God spoke to Noah, saying, “Go out of the ark, you and your wife, and your sons
and your sons’ wives with you. Bring out with you every living thing of all flesh that is with you:
birds and cattle and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, so that they may abound on the
earth, and be fruitful and multiply on the earth.” So Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and
his sons’ wives with him. Every animal, every creeping thing, every bird, and whatever creeps
on the earth, according to their families, went out of the ark.
Then Noah built an altar to the Lord, and took of every clean animal and of every clean
bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. And the Lord smelled a soothing aroma. Then
the Lord said in His heart, “I will never again curse the ground for man’s sake, although
the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth; nor will I again destroy every living thing
as I have done.
“While the earth remains,
Seedtime and harvest,
Cold and heat,
Winter and summer,
And day and night
Shall not cease.”
 Appendix C
Sathya Narayanan: A Biography

Dr. Sathya Narayanan is a Professor of Computer Science at CSUMB. He teaches

freshman year seminar, Physics, ProSeminar and a senior capstone course for CS students. He
currently is leading and coordinating multiple initiatives to strengthen the CS curriculum and to
provide integrated support to CS students to ensure their academic and career success.

Apart from his teaching and day-to-day responsibilities, Sathya is working to develop
learning communities of students through multiple cohort based programs. CS++ is a cohort
program geared towards incoming freshman students and CSin3 is a cohort program built in
collaboration with Hartnell College. This cohort model received a first-tier, $5M award for
innovation in higher education from the state of CA.
 Appendix D
Thomas Nelson: A Biography

Thomas Nelson is a publishing firm that began in West Bow, Edinburgh, Scotland in 1798
as the namesake of its founder. It is a subsidiary of HarperCollins, the publishing unit of News
Corp.

Its most successful title to date is the Bible, which became its first title to sell more than
1 million ebooks. In Canada, the Nelson imprint is used for educational publishing. In the United
Kingdom, it was a mainstream publisher until the late 20th century, and later became part of
the educational imprint Nelson Thornes.

The American branch of Thomas Nelson was established in 1854 in New York, and by
the 1870s, it was one of the city's more important firms. It held the copyright for the American
Standard Version of the bible from 1901 until 1928 when it transferred the copyright to
the International Council of Religious Education. In the 1930s, the company made a deal with
this council (which later became part of the National Council of Churches) to publish
the Revised Standard Version. The firm was sold to The Thomson Organization in 1960, and in
1962, the company failed to meet demand for this bible translation. This, in turn, led
the National Council of Churches to grant other publishers licenses for the work, leading to a
dramatic fall in revenue for Nelson.
Name: John Patrick P. Bersalote

Date of Birth: December 09, 1998

Birthplace: Maygatasan, Bayugan City

Age: 19 years old

Residence: P-2 Maygatasan, Bayugan City

Civil Status: Single

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Maygatasan Elementary School

Valedictorian
Secondary: Bayugan National Comprehensive High School
3rd Place Regional School Press Conference Broadcasting
Best in Production
3rd Place Regional School Press Conference Broadcasting
Best in Script
rd
3 Place Regional School Press Conference Broadcasting
Best in Infomercial
College: Philippine Normal University-Mindanao
(2015 to present)