GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition

Answers to End-of-chapter questions for Chapter 15,

Products from oil

It is very important that you are able to answer the questions on your own, using your
own knowledge of Chemistry.
Have a go at the questions first, and then check your answers using this page.
If you get a question wrong, try to work out where you have made an error.

1. a) hydrogen
b) mixture; refinery; fractional distillation; column or tower; boiling; top
c) catalyst; smaller
d) water; combustion; monoxide; carbon

2. Look at the colour. The lightest collected first and the darkest last.
Swirl the liquid to see how runny it is. The runniest collect first and the most
viscous distilled last.
Burn a little of each fraction. The one with the least smoky flame collected first and
the smokiest last.

3. a)
Alkane Structure of molecule
methane (CH4)

ethane (C2H6)

propane (C3H8)

butane (C4H10)

pentane (C5H12)

hexane (C6H14)

b) Octane

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GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition

4. The description should include transport to the oil refinery, heating to separate the
molecule the others when vaporised, travel up a fractionating tower, cooling,
collecting at the top with other molecules of a similar size, being forced into a
canister under pressure (so it condenses), released from the canister and burned.

5. a) petroleum gases, petrol, kerosene, lubricants, heavy fuel oil, bitumen

b) The oil is heated to evaporate it, then it enters the fractionating tower as a
vapour. The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top. The
vapours rise up the column, cool, and condense at the level that is the
temperature of their boiling point. They are then run off separately.
c) Octane, because its molecules are bigger so have stronger inter-molecular
forces so need a higher temperature to separate them

6. a)

b) Cracking
c) Butane and ethene
d) Pass the hydrocarbon over a hot catalyst, or mix it with steam at high
temperatures
e) Shake each product in a tube with a little bromine water. Butane will not
affect the orange colour, but ethene will change it from orange to colourless.
The bromine reacts with the ethene because it has a double bond. The
product of the reaction is colourless so the colour of the bromine disappears.

7. a) b) c)

8. a) To cool and condense the vapour

b) Add blue cobalt chloride paper, which turns pink if the liquid is water
c) It turns milky.
d) Repeat the experiment without burning the hydrocarbon, just drawing air
through the apparatus for the same time. The limewater will not turn milky.
e) i) methane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
ii) 8.00 dm3

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GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition

9. a) 2n+2
b) C9H20
c)

100

Boiling point (°C)

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-50
Number of carbon atoms

-100

-150

-200

d) As the number of carbon atoms increases, the boiling point increases

e) 40 °C (read from your own graph)

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