Achievement Standard: AS91157 4 Credits Title: Demonstrate the understanding of genetic variation and change.

Key terms

Write out the correct biological definition for each of the key terms listed below

allele
allele frequency
bottleneck effect
centromere
chiasma
chiasma
chromatid
chromosome
co-dominance
crossing over
daughter cells
dihybrid
diploid
dominant
founder effect
gametic
gene
gene pool
genetic drift
genotype
haploid
heterozygous
homologous pair
homozygous
 incomplete dominance
independent
assortment
lethal allele
linkage
meiosis
migration
monohybrid
multiple allele
mutagen
mutation
natural selection
neutral mutation
phenotype
population
recessive
recombination
segregation
selection pressure
selective advantage
semi-conservative
somatic
synapsis
test cross
variation
Go through your notes and write a short summary for each of the points 1-11 below.

Make sure each summary covers How, What, When, Where, Who, Why

Core knowledge from this topic

1 Describe mutations as a source of genetic variation and identify ways in which mutations may affect an organism.

2 Describe meiosis and explain its importance.

3 Describe independent assortment and segregation and explain the relevance of these to variation.

4 Describe the process of crossing over.

5 Predict the outcome of monohybrid crosses.

6 Predict the outcome of simple dihybrid crosses.

7 Describe the effect of crossing over and linked genes on dihybrid inheritance.

8 Describe what is meant by allele frequencies and gene pool.

9 Explain how natural selection alters allele frequencies.

10 Explain how natural migration and genetic drift alter allele frequencies.

11 Use core knowledge to give reasons for genetic variation and change

Show understanding of genetic variation and change by using the core knowledge to link ideas e.g. in justifying, relating,
12
evaluating, comparing and contrasting or analysing.

13 Communicate ideas clearly and succinctly using the biological language relevant to this topic.

Complete the 2012 sample paper and 2012 NZQA exam paper- hand them in for marking.