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Paper 1 Reading
Part 1
You are going to read an article about public speaking. Choose from the list A–I the most suitable heading
for each part (1–7) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
You are going to read an article about graffiti (the words or pictures that are sometimes painted onto walls
or trains in cities.) For questions 8–15, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.
SUBWAY ART
Graffiti has come a long way since it first began to appear in the streets of New York.
The history of subway graffiti in New York dates was illegal and they had to be ready at any
back to the 1960s, when teenagers in the city moment to dash down the tracks to safety if the
began to write their names on neighbourhood police arrived. In addition, they had to face their
walls. However, instead of using their given names, parents’ anger at home and attacks of hostile rivals
they chose nicknames, creating a public identity in the street.
for the street. Initially, this name graffiti had a
territorial function, and it showed which parts of There was also opposition to the writers from the
the city belonged to particular gangs. public. To many people in New York, graffiti was
linked to crime and vandalism. At times there was
Taki 183 was the nickname of a young man who so much graffiti on the subway system that it
lived on 183rd Street in the Washington Heights seemed as if the authorities had lost control. The
section of Manhattan. He worked as a messenger police created special squads of detectives to raid
and travelled by subway to all five districts of the the yards and tunnels to catch writers, but they
city. In his travels he wrote his name everywhere, had only limited success in bringing the problem
including inside and outside trains and on every under control.
station. A reporter from the New York Times
tracked him down to interview him, and the The Transport Authority, faced with a seemingly
resulting article in the paper made him famous endless battle, brought in a new programme to get
throughout the city. rid of the graffiti. The aim was to remove it within
two hours so that the writers would never get the
The competition for fame began in earnest as chance to see their work. This involved getting
hundreds of youngsters, emulating Taki 183, teams of cleaners to work at the end of the train
began to put their names on trains and public lines, immediately removing any new graffiti. If a
buildings all over the city. As the available space carriage was covered in graffiti, it was not allowed
on walls and trains filled up, it was necessary for on the transport system at all until everything had
writers to develop a distinctive style to make a been cleaned off. Over a period of a few years, this
name stand out from the rest. In addition, they approach slowed down and then stopped the
began experimenting with size and colour. They graffiti almost completely.
discovered that they could paint large areas
quickly with spray paint, and a new form, the Graffiti, however, has not died out; instead, it has
line 29 ‘piece’ was introduced. Short for masterpiece, become mainstream. Sotero Ortiz, who once ran
these paintings grew in size until the entire side of away from the police in the New York subways,
a subway carriage, windows and all, was painted now specialises in graffiti for companies,
in 1975. decorating the sides of shops or painting huge
advertisements. His clients include Coca Cola and
Graffiti writing was an extremely dangerous Reebok, and the company he has set up makes a
pastime, and the writers faced many obstacles in profit of about half a million dollars a year. Even
pursuit of their goal. They worked in darkness, the police have begun to see graffiti writers in a
surrounded by heavy machinery and live electrical new light. ‘I think their work is excellent,’ says
rails or balanced on narrow ledges high above the Detective Sotolongo of the 41st Precinct. ‘They’re
street. Painting their names on the subway trains artists, to say the least.’
14 Sotero Ortiz
A is in trouble with police.
B runs an advertising agency.
C owns his own company.
D works in the 41st Precinct.
You are going to read an article about a woman who owns a circus. Eight sentences have been removed
from the article. Choose from the sentences A–I the one which fits each gap (16–22). There is one extra
sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
The drum rolls, the curtains open, and a horse Nell’s route into the business was an unusual one.
rears into the spotlight. Nell Gifford, a statuesque She had an idyllic childhood in the English
27-year-old, is riding the horse. The crowd cheers countryside, growing up with horses and ponies.
and, with a thumping heart, she begins: ‘Ladies Later she went to Oxford University, where she
and gentlemen, boys and girls welcome to Giffords studied English Literature. (19) .
Circus’. The ringmistress, Nell Gifford, is the only
female circus owner in Europe. She and her That all changed when she went to America at the
husband Toti started the business just a few years age of 18 and joined Circus Flora, which was
ago. (0) I . Their performances are always owned by a distant relative. ‘I went there for no
sold out, and they recently so impressed their other reason than the promise of adventure in the
colleagues that they were awarded the prestigious USA,’ says Nell. ‘but from day one, there was no
Jerwood circus award. question that this was what I wanted to do.
(20) . It felt as if the rest of my life had just
If the word ‘circus’ conjures up images of started.
aggressive clowns and sick-looking lions, think
again. (16) . The other acts are a mixture of From then on she spent all her free time working
theatre, dance and traditional circus skills such as in circuses, learning as much as she could about
juggling and acrobatics, all accompanied by a the business. When she was back in Europe, she
circus band. joined the acclaimed Circus Roncalli to develop
her riding skills even more. (21) . Her fiance
The show is based on old circuses from the 1930s Toti frequently visited and became entranced by
and much of its appeal comes from its size. the lifestyle, and it was then that they began to
(17) . The ring is also fairly small, and the make plans to set up a circus of their own.
audience can almost reach out and touch the
performers as they move around. This creates a For Nell and Toti, the success of their circus is a
real feeling of belonging; as Nell points out ‘There dream come true, but it also involves a great deal
are no tricks, no hiding behind lights. It’s all pretty of work. Summer is filled with the challenges of
raw.’ keeping the show on the road, moving every
few days, keeping the performers happy, and
From May to September, the circus travels around managing the day to day aspects of the business.
the countryside, stopping in small villages all over (22) .
the south of England. ‘Villages today need live
entertainment,’ says Nell ‘and a good circus in a There are no definite plans for the future, but why
village provides a focal point for everyone. should there be, as life on the road is only just
(18) . And we know from people’s reactions beginning? Gifford’s circus is going from strength
tha villagers really appreciate what we are trying to strength, and promises many exciting summers
to do.’ for years to come.
You are going to read some short reports that former students from a school in Britain have written for the
careers office. For questions 23–35, choose from one of the reports A–E. When more than one answer is
required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning.
Which person
is in charge of a team? 28
A Since I was at primary school I’ve known I D I’m an outdoor recreation guide, and I guess
wanted to make jewellery. You get a real sense that’s partly because I grew up in the mountains
of satisfaction out of jewellery-making because and had an upbringing that included lots of
you work on something from the start to the rock climbing. While I was doing my degree in
finish, and at the end can see what you’ve done. tourism and management at university, I also
I work together with eight to ten other people organised outdoor recreation courses for a local
at a company which specialises in silver youth group. I enjoy teaching teenagers, and
jewellery and I’m the foreman, which I enjoy. It I’m now a qualified instructor in canoeing, rock
also helps if you have an interest outside of climbing, and ice climbing. I also teach
work, like collecting antique pieces, because avalanche awareness, and run mountain safety
then your job becomes a part of what you like courses at schools. Instructing is about giving
doing anyway. people the skills to go out and achieve
something by themselves. It’s great when you
B I was bought up on a farm and that’s basically witness them doing something they never
how I got into being a pig farmer. I worked on thought they were capable of.
a pig farm for a couple of years in Derbyshire
in England. I then moved to New Zealand, and E I’m a winemaker, and really enjoy working in
I had a job on a farm there for a couple of rural Britain. When I was at school, I worked in
years. I’ve been at this farm since I came back. a winery during the holidays, and then after I
I like the fact that you’re doing something left, I spent a month with a local winemaker. It
different everyday and it’s very rewarding. I was my time with him that made me decide to
also think it’s important for me to keep learning pursue winemaking as a career. I had to go to
and that’s why I completed a National Diploma France to study winemaking because in those
in Agri-Business Management last year. days there weren’t any courses available in
Farming is a competitive business and you need Britain. But it was an interesting time, and I met
to stay ahead. lots of people from different wine-making
countries like the USA and Australia. When I
C I’ve been working as a television journalist for graduated, I came back to the UK to this
six months now and I love it. I studied Spanish winery, and I’ve been working here ever since.
and Maths at university and then worked as a The good thing about this job is the fact that
translator in Spain. After eight years or so, I you can work practically anywhere in the world
decided to do something new and came home. – lots of countries produce wine now.
Journalism seemed really interesting, so I
worked for a range of newspapers and
magazines, and eventually got a job as a
television reporter. A lot of my time is spent in
the car, travelling up and down the country to
get stories. We have to go back to the office
though to work on putting the story together.
We look at the camera footage and write a
script to go with it. There’s a lot of time
pressure involved in this job and sometimes we
can still be editing a story one or two minutes
before it is actually shown on television.
Part 1
1 Your English friend Jane and her parents are coming to visit for a day. Unfortunately you will be away
at the time, and will not be able to show them round. Read Jane’s letter and the notes you have made
on it. Then using all your notes write a letter to Jane.
Jane
Write a letter of between 120 and 180 words in an appropriate style. Do not write any postal
addresses.
Write an answer to one of the questions 2–5 in this part. Write your answer in 120–180 words in an
appropriate style.
2 You recently took part in a class discussion about taking care of elderly people. Your teacher has now
asked you to write a composition answering the following question and giving your reasons.
3 An English language magazine has invited readers to contribute articles to the magazine. Read this
information.
We are going to publish a collection of articles about great places for young people to visit. If you have
enjoyed a visit somewhere, we’d love to hear from you. Tell us about:
4 Your teacher has asked you to write a short story. Your story must begin or end with these words.
5 Answer one of the following questions based on your reading of one of the set books. Write the letter
(a) or (b) as well as the number 5 in the question box, and the title of the book next to the box.
Either (a) Would the book you have read make a good film? You have been asked to write an article
for your college magazine answering this question. Explain your views, and say what would work well
in a film and what might be more difficult.
Or (b) You have had a class discussion about the characters in the book you have read. Now your
teacher has asked you to write a composition in which you describe which character changes the
most during the course of the book.
Part 1
For questions 1–15, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
0 A B C D
■ ■ ■ ■
From the very start of recorded history, people have always dreamed of being (0) to fly. The earliest
ideas were (1) on the movements of birds, and an (2) Greek legend tells the story of Icarus, whose
It was not (4) the 18th century that the dream of flying was (5) achieved. Two brothers, Joseph and
Etienne Montgolfier decided to take a completely different (6) to the problem; (7) of trying to build a
machine that imitated a bird, they designed a balloon that was (8) than air.
The first (9) demonstration of manned flight took (10) in Paris in November 1793 in front of
thousands of spectators. The first passengers were Jean-Francois de Rozier and the Marquis d’Arlandes,
who (11) off from a location just outside the city. The flight (12) for 25 minutes, and the two men
The success of the Montgolfiers’ balloon (15) others to try out new designs. In the space of just a few
months, a hydrogen balloon had been built, and a new chapter in aviation history had begun.
For questions 16–30, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one
word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example: 0 of
The UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites has details (0) of nearly a thousand places (16) are of
special cultural importance. The project has been going (17) 1972, and helps countries to look after
sites that are valuable (18) just to the local community, but to the whole world.
The list covers a wide range of different places. Some, such (19) the Pyramids of Egypt or the
Acropolis in Athens, are thousands of years (20) . There are also buildings like Cologne Cathedral in
Germany, which was started in 1248 but was not completed (21) 1880. Sometimes whole districts
of a city – the centre of St Petersburg, (22) example – are classified as a single site. As (23)
as buildings, the UNESCO list mentions some areas (24) outstanding natural beauty like the Great
Experts from UNESCO meet (25) time to time to look at any new sites that people (26)
recommended and to discuss whether they should (27) added to the list. If a site is chosen,
UNESCO may provide money (28) that conservation work can be carried out. (29) this way,
every country is encouraged to take (30) of its treasures for future generations.
For questions 31–40, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including
the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:
carry
The space can be filled by the words ‘carry out the teacher’s’, so you write:
too
32 The guide told us that going into the river was dangerous.
warned
should
34 I’ve had a talk with her but I don’t think it will change the way she behaves.
difference
I’ve had a talk with her, but I don’t think it will the way she behaves.
likely
Remember that the final bill for the house higher than you think.
36 I’ll give you my phone number because you might need to ring me.
case
been
It three days.
ever
make
part
For questions 41–55, read the text below and look carefully ate each line. Some of the lines are correct,
and some have a word which should not be there.
If a line is correct, put a tick (✓) by the number on the separate answer sheet. If a line has a word which
should not be there, write the word on the separate answer sheet. There are two examples at the
beginning (0 and 00)
0 ✓
Examples:
00 in
THE VISIT
0 I was so happy to get your email, and we’re all so excited that
41 a long time since you were last here and I do hope that you can
46 and she would love for to take you out for a trip on the boat. We
48 so if you would like to join us, that it would be great. The other
49 bit of news is that we now have had a tennis court in the village.
55 please let me know it, and I’ll see what we can sort out.
For questions 56–65, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example: 0 youngest
PLAYSTATION THUMB
A 13-year-old girl from Durban has become the (0) youngest YOUNG
Safura Karim (58) did her research into ‘Playstation Thumb’ ORIGIN
many of her schoolmates (60) suffer from, and which are REGULAR
caused by the (61) use of computer games for hours and hours. INTERRUPT
Safura thinks that computer games are (62) and does not own POINT
a Playstation herself.
She said that she was (63) to hear that her article had been DELIGHT
accepted by the journal. She comes from a (64) family – her SCIENCE
parents are both (65) , and she is hoping to become a doctor. RESEARCH
Part 1
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1–8, choose the best answer A,
B or C.
A to make an invitation.
B to cancel an arrangement. 1
C to make an apology.
2 You hear a woman talking to a friend about a tennis tournament. What does she advise her friend to
do?
C to go by train
3 You hear a woman talking on the phone. Where is the person she is talking to going?
A to an airport
B to a bus station 3
C to a train station
4 You hear a man talking about buying a computer. Why does he prefer to use his local computer shop?
A It is disappointing.
B It is understandable. 5
C It is surprising.
6 You will hear a man talking about a diet. What does he say about it?
7 You turn on the radio and hear a woman talking about a new film. What does she think about it?
A a cinema
B an art gallery 8
C a theatre
You will hear part of an interview with Jenny Langton, a marine archaeologist. For questions 9–18,
complete the sentences.
Later this year she will be working with a historian to look for 17
You will hear five students talking about their experiences with Volunteers Abroad, an organisation that
allows volunteers to take part in aid and conservation projects around the world. For questions 19–23,
choose which problem or difficulty (A–F) each speaker mentions. Use the letters only once. There is one
extra letter which you do not need to use.
Speaker 1 19
Speaker 2 20
Speaker 3 21
Speaker 4 22
Speaker 5 23
You will hear an interview with a Scottish classical guitarist, David Russell. For questions 24–30, choose
the best answer (A, B or C).
30 What does David say about the people who came to the concert in Africa?
Part 2
Candidate A
Candidate B